trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as the columbian exchange or the diffusion of american...
TRANSCRIPT
Trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as the Columbian Exchange or the diffusion of American popular culture; Describe the effects on the region of contact.
Spatial Diffusion (Columbian Exchange)
Spatial Diffusion• Spatial Diffusion can be made more difficult
as a result of physical barriers (mountains, deserts, rain forests, distances, large bodies of water)
• Spatial Diffusion can be made easier as a result of technology:– Transportation methods like ships, trains,
roadways, air travel, etc.– Communication methods like internet, email,
phones, tv, radio, etc.
Spatial Diffusion
• American Popular Culture has seen its spread all over the world!– Music– Movies (Hollywood ---- Bollywood)– Companies (McDonalds)– Food (McDonalds, Coca Cola, and many
others)
Diffusion (SCARCITY)
• Not every country has enough resources to satisfy all that their people need and/or want.– We don’t have enough oil (need)– We don’t have enough coffee (want)– We like foreign cars and technology– Some countries don’t have enough food– Some countries have disasters causing
shortages……
Diffusion (Global Trade)
• SCARCITY results in a NEED FOR TRADE!
• Some countries specialize in what they have a lot of OR what they are very good or efficient at.
• Good trade relations USUALLY result in the need to cooperate.
• INTERDEPENDENCE is the outcome!
• WHEN IT COMES TO SPATIAL DIFFUSION, THE REGION OF CONTACT IS ALWAYS IMPACTED IN SOME WAY– IT IS NOT ALWAYS POSITIVE, BUT THERE
IS AN IMPACT– SOMETIMES THE IMPACT IS NOT
EXPECTED
• THINK OF DISEASES, REVOLUTIONS, ETC.
•Examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere
Physical Processes (LITHOSPHERE)
• All the stony parts of the Earth.• Includes the basins.
• PLATE TECTONICS- Movement of plates as well as the flow of magma.– Mountains, Valleys, Faults, Earthquakes, etc.
• Rain Shadow Effect
Physical Processes (Hydrosphere)
• The watery areas of the earth.
• Includes the oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, etc.
• Water Cycle is important…impacts climate
Atmosphere and Biosphere
Atmosphere = layer of gasses surrounding the Earth.
Biosphere = Any place on Earth that supports life.
Ecosystems = community of living and nonliving things that depend on one another.
Analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural elements.
Character of Place (Social)• There are subgroups within each society.
• Family• Classes
• Socioeconomic (wealth)• Ancestry• Education• Jobs• Etc.
Character of Place (Cultural)• Language•Religion•Economic Activity•Social Groups•Customs •Holidays•Technology•Etc.
Character of Place (Political)How does a place maintain order, create laws and enforce them?• Unitary (centralized)•Federal (Divided between national and regional/local)
•Autocracy- Power held by one person•Democracy- Power held by the people
Character of Place (Economic)
How are economic decisions made? Who controls the resources? What, how, and for whom are things that will be produced?•Traditional- Based on custom/tradition
•Market- Supply and demand (what people want and what companies will make).
• Profit motive (free enterprise; capitalism)
Economics ContinuedCommand Economy- The government makes the decisions. Not as much freedom for individuals.
• COMMUNISM- Strict government control over everything
• Socialism- Some private ownership, but the goal is equal distribution of wealth and resources; Major decisions still made by government.
Locate and describe human and physical features that influence the size and distribution of settlements.
Settlement (physical)• WATER
• Food• Irrigation for farming• Transportation• Energy/Power• Access to other places
•Also consider CLIMATE, RESOURCES, etc.
Settlement (Physical)Physical Geography also creates barriers to where people live. People won’t live….
• Harsh climates (too cold; desert)• Rain forests (hot and humid)• Mountains• Etc.
Settlement (History)• Hunters and Gatherers (Nomads)
• Constantly searching for food and resources
•Found water sources, settled down•AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
• People figured out how to cultivate land, plant and replant on same land
• Cities centered around these areas
Urbanization• People moved from farming/rural areas to the cities seeking….
• Better jobs• Better housing• Better healthcare• Other things as well
URBAN SPRAWL
Urban Sprawl
Urban Core
610
8
59
I 10
99
Urban Fringe
SuburbsRural Fringe
SL
Katy
Rich/Rose
Wharton
Explain how political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors impact the flows of human immigration; AND how physical geography affects the routes and flows of human immigration.
PULL FACTORS
• What is “pulling you” towards the place you are going to?–Jobs and economic freedom–Religious freedom–New form of government–Other things, like land, hope, availability
of resources, climate
PUSH Factors
• Why do you want to “leave”… what is pushing you out?–Government policies and lack of
religious freedoms…some are forced out
–Disease and famine? Irish and potatoes–Lack of jobs –No land–And many other things that are “bad”
BERINGIA LAND BRIDGEhttp://instaar.colorado.edu/QGISL/bering_land_bridge/downloads/beringlandbridge1l.mov
GENERAL THEME:
People tend to migrate from DEVELOPING countries to DEVELOPED countries….
DEVELOPING DEVELOPED
Compare the ways that humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the physical environment, including the influences of culture and technology.
Modifying the Environment
• Humans can modify the environment:– We level forests to build roads for
transportation, housing, business…– We build dams on rivers to control flooding
and help irrigate the fields.– New Orleans has build levees to protect it
from water.
Aswan High Dam/Deforestation of the Amazon/The New Orleans Levee
System
Adapting to the Environment
• How do humans adapt to the environment?– In Houston, it is hot…we install air
conditioners to keep cool.– In Egypt, the farmers set up near the Nile
River to take advantage of the annual floods for their farms.
Depending on the Environment
• How do humans DEPEND on the environment?– We need heat and rain to grow crops.– Some places depend on certain minerals to
mine and make money.– Some places need trees to burn for fuel.– Some places have great soils for farming.– ETC
Environment Hinders Humans
• How does the environment HINDER (hurt) humans?– In Pakistan, flooding is killing people and
destroying homes…– In New Orleans, Houston, Galveston, and
other Gulf Cities…Hurricanes have taken lives and destroyed property.
– Droughts in Africa have caused the desert to grow, and people to starve.
