tracking news in ild paul colas, cea saclay magnet vertex detector ftd and etd tpc software (without...

Tracking News in ILD

Paul Colas, CEA Saclay

MagnetVertex detectorFTD and ETDTPCSoftware

(without forgetting, in fine, the tracking calorimeter and muon system)

Tracking news in ILD 2

Introduction

LOI and DBDRecent developments and optimization in progress

We now have a realistic (though unofficial) estimate of the schedule (S. Komamiya, Lepton-photon 2015) :

Start 2016? 2018?

2033 ?

04/11/2015

Tracking news in ILD

t0 = Ground Breaking

3

Land develop.AHDHYokeMuonSolenoidEndcap HCALEndcap ECALBarrel HCALBarrel ECALTrackerQD0CommissioningBeam tuning

2015/ 9/ 16

Low

erin

g

Ins.Ins.

Ins.

FM

Ins.

Assembly on site Ins.Ins.

Phase-1Civil construction

-2Utility

Assembly on siteInstallation

Y9 Y10Q2Q3Q4Q3Q4Q1

Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4

Y1Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2 Q3Q4Q1Q2Q1Q2Q3Q4Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2

2033?

The yoke and the solenoid have to be assembled on surface site very early (start Y3)The remaining of the tracker is for end of Y8

04/11/2015

After

Y. S

ugim

otos


Magnet

Takashi Maruyama

Curves tracks, allowing p measmnt : p (GeV) = 0.3 B (T) R (m)

dp/p² ~ s (sagitta) / Bl²

A Magnetic field necessary to limit the pair background in the detector.

The mask provides a q cutThe magnet a pT cut

04/11/2015

ILD SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

3 parts- SC solenoid- SC anti DID (Detector Integrated Dipole)- Yoke

Main parameters SC solenoid- nominal field: 3.5 T- design field: 4 T- warm bore: 3.44 m- length: 7.35 m

At 4 T- max. field on conductor: 4.6 T - current: 22.4 kA- stored energy: 2.3 GJ- density of stored energy: 13 kJ/kg

Anti –DID (B. Parker)- max. dipole field: 0.035 T - inner radius: 4.16 m- total length: 6.8 m

F. Kircher et al.

Note LC-DET 2012-081 (June 2013)


Anti DID

Recent evolution : - Quadrupole re-design might allow reducing the crossing angle (14 10-12 mrad)

(B. Parker at Oshu, 9/2014)- Anti-DID might be around the beam pipe- Disaligning the two halfs of the solenoid might play the role of the anti-DID.

04/11/2015


• Costing (F. Kircher, H. Videau, C. Clerc): 131 kILCU• Re-inforced-conductor development (CERN): in progress

(B. Curé, CERN)

• Field measurement to be planified

04/11/2015


Vertex detector

General Layout (DBD) 3 pairs of pixel layers

CMOS option

04/11/2015


Vertex detector technologies3 technologies actively studied for ILD : FPCCD, DEPFET and CPS• Fine Pixel CCD : 6x6 µm² pixels slabs under study.

Tolerance to n should be OK. Double-sided prototyping stated

• DEPFET : R&D driven by BELLE-2 PXD (2018)• 1st complete ladder functionnal 50x55/85 µm²• Pilot production of sensors gives the yield• Power cycling validated, but without B field• Micro-channel cooling under development

• CMOS Pixel Sensors (Monolithic Active Pixels)• Driven by ALICE ITS and CBM-MVD (>2020)• 2 year experience of phys. Run at STAR-PXL• Fast. Effic., resol., noise measured on 6 chips

• 2-sided ILD ladder concept with 1-2 µs time stamping achievable

04/11/2015


M. WinterCMOS pixels effic, resolution, noise (vs threshold/noise)

04/11/2015

Micro-Channel Cooling on ultra-thin Silicon sensors

Low cost mono-phase fluid: H2O

Low volumetric flow (~1l/h) and low pressure (< 1bar) are enough to dissipate the heat in the front end

Good agreement with the FE simulation inside an error area of 10%

Thermal Figure of Merit (TFM) of ~ 1 K·cm2/W

6WH2O

Micro-channel pattern in handle waferStandard etching procedure

3D-printed adaptor

Peek tube

See talk in Vertex/Tracking session on TuesdayAdvanced vertex detector cooling concepts: from air flow to micro-channel coolingM.A. Villarejo, I. Garcia (IFIC Valencia)


Vertex detector technologies

TECHNOLOGY + -FINE PIXELS CCD

(Tokyo)High granularity→ precision, bkg rejection

Read once by train : risk of saturation at high lumi or high beam bkg

DEPFETS(Germany,Spain)

High level of integration→ material budgetBELLE 2 user community

Difficult trade-off between speed and spatial resol. Non-industrial technologyExtension to large area (BELLE2 x 20)

CMOS PIXELS(Strasbourg)

Industrial technology (low cost, high evolution potential)STAR and ALICE/ITS experienceBest speed/resol trade-off

Techno evolution not controlled, delicate design Behaviour in high B field to be assessed (Lorentz forces)

04/11/2015


Silicon TrackerTo extend the TPC in the low-angle region and to provide a precise point at large radius on the track, preferably with time stamp.

04/11/2015


SIT, SET, ETD Layout (Si Int/Ext Tracker)

165 371 309 645

04/11/2015


FTD Layout (Forward Tracking Disks)

04/11/2015

The ALICE ITS might be a model for pixellised disks


R&D on microstrips: ILGAD• Sensors material dominant contribution to the material budget.• Internal signal amplification in the sensor allows for thinner sensor preserving the SNR.• Developing strip-like Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (reach-trough avalanche photodiode

with n++ / p+/p-/p+ structure) with typical signal gain < 20 with reduced excess noise.

PAD layoutElectron readout

Amplification observed in pad and strip like LGAD with segmented amplification region and electron readout

To cope with spacial non-uniformities in the amplification:new prototypes with non-segmented amplification region Inverted-LGAD (with hole readout)

Manufacturing run @ CNM ongoing.

See talk by I. Vila at Wednesday afternoon tracking session

RD50

04/11/2015


RD on FE Readout ASIC and pulsed power

One channel analog front-end (AMS 180nm) to be submitted in January 2016

Radiation tolerance assessment of supercapacitors

Successfully tested up to 2.3MRad

Bias generators Slow control

04/11/2015


TPCAll R&D in LCTPC world-wide collaboration

www.lctpc.org

04/11/2015


PCMAG: B < 1.2 T, bore diameter: 85 cmElectron test beam: E = 1- 6 GeVmoving support structureBeam and cosmic triggers

LP Field Cage Parameter:length = 61 cminner diameter = 72 cmdrift field: E ≈ 350 V/cm (25 kV total)made of composite materials: 1.24 % X0

.

DESY

EUDET TEST FACILITY AT DESY

Modular End Plate in Al7 module windows→ size ≈ 22 × 17 cm2.

04/11/2015


TPC

2 x 2.3 m length3.6 m diameter

Self-supporting field cage

Structure experienced on the Large Prototype

04/11/2015


TPC endplate possible layouts

One can have 8 ‘wheels’ of module with the size of the Large Prototype, or less wheels with larger modules

Four wheels, 84 modules x2

Three wheels, 55 modules x2

Advantage of large modules : fewer different kinds of modules to be produced, alignment easier, less cracks.However size is limited by HV stability

04/11/2015


TPC mechanics

Deflexion O(150 µm) @ 3 mbar

New ‘lightweight’ endplate for the Large Prototype (Cornel) to be tested soon

Mechanical calculations to be re-started:- hanging model- Deformations under weight and pressure

04/11/2015

Evaluation of track distortions due to space charge effects of positive ions : design and implementation of a program to do analytic evaluation using Green’s function

4. Ion Disk Effect

Green’s function can be series-expanded in terms of modified Bessel functions!

D. Arai and K. Fujii

K.Fujii @ FKPPL/TYL 2013, June, 2013

For the secondary ions from the amplification, we need an ion gate device for the ion feed back ratio of >10-3 (measured both for the triple GEM and Micromegas) at the gas gain of 1,000.

The current options of the ion gate are limited:

The traditional wire gate is expected to work, but introduces mechanical complications to the MPGD modules. We also need to check ExB effect.

Thin GEM gate offers the electron transmission of only 50%@ 1T → 30% loss in the point resolution (Japanese LC TPC group).

Try a larger geometric aperture with new fabrication method?

Effects of Positive Ions and Ion Gating at ILC

Solved the Poisson equation for the simulated ion density distribution with proper boundary conditions and then estimated the distortion of drift electron trajectory by the Langevin equation (D. Arai and KF)

24

wire gate

GEM gate

New way?

OKNot OK

Primary Ions

Secondary Ion disks


Micromegas

March 2015

TPC Large prototype Tests at DESYAsian double GEMs and German GEMs

04/11/2015


TPC TESTS

• Target resolution achieved by all MPGD technologies• Distortions rather under control so far, but need more studies• A new ceramic frame under study for the DESY 3-GEM.• A new resistive material selected for charge spreading

(Diamond-like carbon)• 2P CO2 cooling tested and electronic integration carried out for

the 7-module Micromegas option.• Electronics at reach, but too early to start design. Simulations,

instead, are necessary to determine the parameters and optimize cost and power consumption. Also, association with other subdetectors has to be studied. (train-based reconstruction)

04/11/2015


GridPix progressWafer-based post-processing to add a protection layer and a mesh on pillars on top of the chips (107 chips at a time) March 2015, there was a successful test with 3 modules (96 chip each) partially equipped : 160 chips!This shows that this technique is applicable to large areas

This opens the way for ultimate dE/dx resolution

04/11/2015


Software

Turbine blade shapemeas. surface（ Fwd. Si）

Planar 2-dim. meas surface（ VTX pixel）

Planar 1-dim. meas.surface（ Si Strip）

Conical surface（ Beam Pipe）

Cylindrical meas surface（ TPC）

KalTest

Versatile Kalman filter : various measurement surfacesSegment-wise helical track model :for non-uniform B-field (Bo Li, K. Fujii)

04/11/2015

Abstract Track Reconstruction Framework (iMarlinTrack/iMarlinTrkSystem) : Finished

Its application to ILD simulations as demonstrated in physics studies for DBD : Finished

iMarlinTrack &iMarlinTrkSystem for ILD

Collaboration with S. Aplin and F. Gaede

Software Talks and PapersTalks:

1. Steve Aplin, “ILD Tracking”, LCWS 2011, Granada, 2011-9-28.

2. Bo Li, “MarlinTPC track reconstruction for a full modular end plate”, LCTPC Collaboration Meeting 2012, DESY, 2012-3-26.

3. Keisuke Fujii, “Positive Ion Effects”, LCTPC Collaboration Meeting 2012, DESY, 2012-3-26.

4. Frank Gaede, Steve Aplin, “New C++ Tracking in iLCSoft”, KILC 2012, Daegu, 2012-4-25.

5. Frank Gaede, Steve Aplin, Robin Glattauer, “The New C++ Tracking Code in iLCSoft”, LCWS 2012, Arlington, 2012-10-25.

6. Bo Li, Keisuke Fujii, “Track fitting in non-uniform magnetic field with a segment-wise helical track model”, LCTPC Collaboration Meeting 2013, DESY, 2013-6-1.

7. Bo Li, Keisuke Fujii, Yuanning Gao, “Track fitting in non-uniform magnetic field with segment-wise helical track model”, LCWS 2013, Tokyo, Japan, 2013-11-13.

Paper:

8. Bo Li, Keisuke Fujii, Yuanning Gao, “Kalman-filter-based track fitting in non-uniform magnetic field with segment-wise helical track model”, Computer Physics Communications 185 (2014) 754–761.


Summary and conclusions

Thanks to J. Kaminski, K. Fujii, M. Winter, A. Ruiz, I. Vila, M. Vos,… and AIDA

The magnet is a critical issue : it has to be fabricated first, and is is rather expensive and complicate.

The rest of the tracker is in rather good shape. There is no rush to finalize electronics and cooling, the design can benefit from more R&D. Despite limited (or fragmented) funding and uncertainties on the future, engineered R&D continues, to be ready for a TDR when necessary.

Still many questions are open, and there is a strong need for simulation. A train-based reconstruction should be started.

04/11/2015

tracking news in ild paul colas, cea saclay magnet vertex detector ftd and etd tpc software (without...

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