GOVERNMENTOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFBANGLADESH

AFACILITATORSGUIDEBOOKFOR

COMMUNITYRISKASSESSMENTAND

RISKREDUCTIONACTIONPLAN

DIRECTORATEOFRELIEFANDREHABILITATIONMINISTRYOFFOODANDDISASTERMANAGEMENT

Thisguidebookhasbeendevelopedbasedonfollowingtwomodels/process.

CommunityRiskAssessmentGuidelineDevelopedbyComprehensiveDisasterManagementProgramme(CDMP)

and

ParticipatoryActionPlanDevelopment(PAPD)processadvancedbyCNRS,ITADUK,UniversityofNewcastle&UniversityofDurhamUKwith

assistancefromNRSP/DFID.

ThisCRAusermanualisdevelopedwiththefinancialandtechnicalassistanceofCDMPProgrammeofMinistryofFoodandDisasterManagementfundedbyDFIDandUNDP

ComprehensiveDisasterManagementProgramme(CDMP)

DisasterManagementandReliefBhaban(6thfloor)9293MohakhaliC/A,Dhaka1212,

Bangladesh

Telephone:+88029890937Fax:+88029890854

email:info@cdmp.org.bdWeb:www.cdmp.org.bd

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FORWARD

InJanuary2005theWorldConferenceonDisasterReductiondelegatesendorsedtheHyogo Framework for Action (HFA) to guide countries in their risk reductionefforts. Among other priorities, the HFA called on countries to mainstream riskreduction within development and operational planning and also, to ensure thatscientificinputsinfluencecommunityriskassessmentprocesses.

This guideline has been designed to assist Bangladesh to meet the HFAcommitments related to the above issues. The guidelines also provide the criticalinputs towardsassisting in theachievementof thenationalvisionandmission fordisaster management. Successful mainstreaming can only be achieved through abroadrangeofstrategies including topdownpolicy reformandawarenessraisinginterventions and bottom up (community driven) risk assessment and planningactivities. The CRA Guide play an important role in assisting communities anddisastermanagement committees to identify all hazards risk, togetherwith themost appropriate range of risk reduction options that canbe introduced to eithereliminateorreducerisktomoremanageablelevels.

TheCRAprocesscurrentlybeingusedvaryacrossagenciesandinthemaindonotconsiderscientifichazardandriskanalysisinformation,nordotheyconsiderclimatechange variables and the potential these issues would have to change the riskenvironment.ThismeansthatcurrentCRAprocessesareabletoidentifycommunityriskandvulnerabilityfactorsbasedonwhathashappenedpreviously,howevertheydonotnecessarily assist the communities in identifyingwhatmayhappen in thefuture.

UniformCRAguide that ensureappropriate considerationofboth traditionalandscientific factors are therefore viewed by the majority of stakeholders as being acommonsenseapproachtoaddressingtheissueofcommunityrisk.

I therefore extend my deepest appreciation to the facilitators guide developmentteamfortheirgreateffortsinproducingthisbestpractiseguide.

SadarUddinAhmedDirectorGeneralDirectorateofReliefandRehabilitation

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DirectorateofRelief andRehabilitation (DRR) acknowledges the contribution andwonderful spirit of cooperation from Comprehensive Disaster ManagementProgramme (CDMP) that has existed throughout the development of this CRAGuidelineandinparticulartheeffortsofMr.A.K.M.MamunurRashid,CommunityRiskReductionSpecialistofCDMP forhis tirelesswork inensuring theguidelineswere developed. Special recognition is given to Mr. Ian Stanford Rector, ChiefTechnicalAdvisorofCDMPandMr.ScottWalsh for theirguidanceandadvice toensure that the guidelines were of such a high international standard. All thedevelopment process was inspired by the continuous encouragement from theformerDirectorGeneral ofDirectorate ofRelief andRehabilitationMr.MahfuzurRahman. DRR also recognize the contribution of CRA Working Group for theirpersistent feedback to improve the guideline based on field experience. Specialthanksgoes toCNRSwhohasmaterialize theCRAguideline intosuchabeautifulusermanual on behalf of component 3b ofCDMPwhich is implemented by thisdirectorate. DRR recognizes the contribution of government officials, nongovernmental organizations staff, local government representatives and otherstakeholders who participated in the fieldtest process of this guideline and usermanual.

Md.JahangirHossain

Director,DirectorateofReliefandRehabilitation

and

ComponentManager,CommunityRiskReductionProgramme(3b)

ComprehensiveDisasterManagementProgramme(CDMP)

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO THIS GUIDE.................................................................. 7 WHAT IS CRA? 7 WHEN IS CRA USED?............................................................................................................................................8 WHO IS THE GUIDE FOR?......................................................................................................................................8 WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS OF CRA? ............................................................................................................9 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE? ...................................................................................................................................9 WHAT RESOURCES ARE NEEDED?.....................................................................................................................10

CHAPTER 2 : SCOPING THE COMMUNITY..................................................................... 11 INTRODUCTION 11 Task 1: Validation of Relevant Secondary Information .............................................................. 14 Task 2: Transact Walk (Familiarization Tour) ............................................................................. 15 Task 3: Focus Group Discussions................................................................................................. 16 Task 4: Social Mapping ............................................................................................................... 18 Task 5: Hazard Venn ................................................................................................................... 19 Task 6: Hazard Mapping .............................................................................................................. 20 Task 7: Livelihoods Seasonal Calendar....................................................................................... 21 Task 8: Hazard Seasonal Calendar .............................................................................................. 22 Task 9: Key Informants Interview............................................................................................... 24 SELECT PARTICIPANTS FOR CRA .....................................................................................................................25

CHAPTER 3 : CRA WORKSHOP................................................................................................ 26 INTRODUCTION 26 PLANNING FOR CRA ................................................................................................................................................ .26 CRA STEP 1: IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SECTORS, & COMMUNITY ELEMENTS ................................. 29

Activity1: Identify All Vulnerable Sectors & Community Elements ................................................ 29 CRA STEP 2: IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARD SPECIFIC RISKS IN EACH VULNERABLE SECTOR ........................ 31

Activity 2: Risk Statement associated with Hazards in each Vulnerable Sector ................................ 31 Activity 3: Hazard Specific Risk Selection......................................................................................... 34

CRA STEP 3: RISK ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION.................................................................................................. 35 Activity 4: Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................... 35

ACTIVITY 5: CAUSAL ANALYSIS............................................................................................................................ 37 Activity 6: Risk Priority for Management .......................................................................................... 38

CRA STEP 4: SPECIFIC RISK REDUCTION OPTIONS ............................................................................................. 40 Activity 7 : Selection of Risk Reduction Options and Management Priority ...................................... 40 Activity 8: Impact Analysis of Risk Reduction Options..................................................................... 41 Activity 9: Options Implementation Strategy selection in Final Plenary including alternativeoptions........... 42

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: FLOW CHART SHOWING MAJOR STEPS OF CRA.............................................................................................. 7 FIGURE 2: CRA ACTIVITY FLOW CHART ...................................................................................................................... 26 FIGURE 3: DAILY ACTIVITY SCHEDULE FOR CONDUCTING CRA.................................................................................. 26 FIGURE 4: CRA DAILY SCHEDULE ............................................................................................................................... 28

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LIST OF EXAMPLES

Example 1: Social Map ____________________________________________________________ 18 Example 2: Hazard Venn Diagram ___________________________________________________ 19 Example 3: Hazard Mapping________________________________________________________ 21 Example 4: Livelihoods Seasonal Calendar____________________________________________ 22 Example 5: Hazard Seasonal Calendar _______________________________________________ 23 Example 6: Risk Statement _________________________________________________________ 32 Example 7: Risk Selection __________________________________________________________ 34 Example 8: Risk Assessment ________________________________________________________ 36 Example 9: Causal Analysis of Risk Statements _________________________________________ 37 Example 10: Impact Analysis of Options_______________________________________________ 42 Example 11: Draft strategy development ______________________________________________ 44

LIST OF ANNEX

Annex 1: Information Required (socio-economic) .................................................................................................... 45 Annex 2: Information Required (scientific)............................................................................................................... 45 Annex 3: FGD Checklist............................................................................................................................................ 46 Annex 4: Key Informants Interview Checklist .......................................................................................................... 47 Annex 5: Key Informants Interview of the hazard Impact on the Livelihood, Economic and Socio-Cultural

Environment of the Union.......................................................................................................................... 47 Annex 6: All Hazards................................................................................................................................................. 48 Annex 7: Vulnerable Sectors ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Annex 8: Vulnerable Community Elements .............................................................................................................. 48 Annex 9: Vulnerable Locations ................................................................................................................................. 48 Annex 10: Risk Statement associated with the Hazards .............................................................................................. 48 Annex 11: Risk Assessment......................................................................................................................................... 49 Annex 12: Likelihood and Consequence Descriptors.................................................................................................. 49 Annex 13: Risk Matrix Using Pair Ranking ................................................................................................................ 50 Annex 14: Format for Selection of Participants for the Planning Workshop .............................................................. 50 Annex 15: Risk Prioritisation....................................................................................................................................... 51 Annex 16: Causal Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Annex 17: Risk Priority for Management.................................................................................................................... 51 Annex 18: Risk Reduction Options ............................................................................................................................. 51 Annex 19: Options Impact Analysis (STEPS)............................................................................................................. 51 Annex 20: Draft Strategy Development ...................................................................................................................... 52 Annex 21: Analysis of Consensus Building Indicator ................................................................................................. 52 Annex 22: List of Material used in CRA ..................................................................................................................... 53

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KeytosymbolsusedinthisGuide Objective Explainswhatshouldbeachievedbytheendofthesessiont Time Indicatestheamountoftimethatcouldbeallocatedforthesession Materials Specifieswhatmaterials(forexample,pens,paper)areneededforthesession" Method SpecifieswhichmethodtousePreparation ExplainswhatyouneedtodoBEFOREthesessioncommences(sometimesthismayrequirepreparationafewhoursbeforethe

sessionstarts)

9 Processes Explainsthestepsinthemethod

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Chapter 1 : Introduction to this Guide

What is CRA? CRA (Community Risk Assessment) is a participatory process for assessing hazards,vulnerabilities,risks,abilitytocope,preparingcopingstrategiesandfinallypreparingariskreduction options implementation plan by the local community. CRA uses scientificinformationandpredictionsandparticipatorydiscourses to identify,analyseandevaluateriskenvironmentofaparticularcommunity, reachconsensusamongst thecommunityonactions that areneeded tomanage the risk environment.Themethod recognizes that thevulnerability, loss, reduction or mitigation strategy and coping mechanism vary fromcommunity to community and group to group (women, personwith disability, landless,farmersfisherfolks,etc)ofasamecommunity.Soitensuresrepresentationofprofessional,comm eirpointsofviewsarereflected.CRAencouragescomm rs concerns. A flowchart below shows the CRAproce

Figur f CRA

Primtherecomgrou

S

Detereduand/

Analensuresperankthev

Ide

Partitoidand

FamandwealgrouIdenColleinfor

unityandothergroupsandthatthunity participants to respect othesssequentially.

e 1: Flow chart showing major steps oAfter a CRA,communitiesdevelopadetailed risk reductionstrategy,whichwillbeimplemented throughexisting or newlyformed localcommunityinstitutions or localgovernmentbodies.

Itincludes:

Prevention/MitigationMeasures

PreparednessMeasures

ConsensusonOptionsary and secondary stakeholders jointly reviewcompiled output of coping strategiesmended by separate primary stakeholder

psandagreeonpotentialoptions

pecificRiskReductionOptions&ActionPlanning

rmining themost effective and appropriate riskction options for the elimination, reductionormanagementofrisk.

RiskAnalysisandEvaluationysing and evaluating the risk statements tore accurate picture of each hazard and theirctive risks. This will allow us to prioritise or

themaccordingtothe impacttheymayhaveonariouselementswhichmakeupacommunity.

ntificationofHazards,VulnerableSectors,Elements&Locationscipantsdividedintoseparatestakeholdergroupsentifythehazardstheyfaceintheircommunitiesassociatedvulnerablesectors/elements/location.

ScopingtheCommunityiliarisefacilitatorswiththelocalriskenvironmentpeoples livelihoods through transact walk,th ranking/census, resource mapping, focusp discussions, key informants interview etc).tifystakeholderswhowillparticipateintheCRA.ction, analysis and validation of secondarymationwiththecommunity

Theendproductisaconsensualcommunityriskassessmentandsetofriskreductionactions

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IntheCRAprocessestheparticipatingrepresentativeswilllistdownallhazards,identifyallvulnerabilityaspects,causesandprepareconsensualactionsonriskreduction,copingandpreparednessmeasures through analysing each of the prioritised options.Risk reductionactions are then developedwith the participation of all stakeholders (both primary andsecondary). The method requires active participation of stakeholders from differentoccupational groups and social classes giving an opportunity for their opinions andconcernstobediscussedandrecognised.Themethodcanpotentiallyreduceconflictamongstakeholdergroups and interestsof individualsduringproject implementation and if thesituation arises canassists the localpeoplewith resolving it.Through theprocesspeopleunderstandtheimportanceoftheirparticipationinallthestepsstartingfromidentificationof hazards, deciding upon risk reduction options, coping and preparedness measures,preparinganoutlineworkplanandinimplementation.Thisenablesthemtofeelasenseofownershipandplayamoreeffectiveroleduringimplementationofactions.

When is CRA used? Ruralpeople, especially thepoor, landless, fisherfarmers,women anddisable arehighlyvulnerabletohazards.Theincreasingfrequencyofhazardsandsubsequentlossoflivesandresourcesmakesthemmorevulnerable. Consideringall thesefactors, theneed topracticewider participation in preparing risk reduction actions is inevitable, where all thestakeholdersandtheirrepresentativesparticipateinplanningandimplementationprocessesthroughconsensus.At present both nongovernment and government sector projects emphasise theparticipationof local stakeholders forhazardandvulnerability reduction ina sustainablemanner.Governmentagencies inBangladeshare central toanyhazard responseand riskreduction activities. There are also many national, international and UN organizationsinvolved inhazard responseand risk reduction initiatives,whichaim tobenefit thepoorandothervulnerablegroups.CRAwillbeanappropriatemethodforalltheseorganisations.CRA can ensure effective participation of vulnerable communities to achieve their riskreduction goals.CRA can beused at all levels to involve stakeholders fromprofessionalgroups,agenciesanddepartmentsandspecialistsfromvariousdisciplines,topreparelongterm risk reduction actions. It is expected that organizations involved in similar types ofactivitieswillbebenefitedusingCRA.

Who is the guide for? CRA is a comprehensive method to be used by organisations involved in hazardmanagement and risk reduction activities particularly theCDMP and its partnerswhereparticipation is a central consideration. It is also relevant to organisations involved incommunitybasedplanningandmanagementatlocal,regionalornationallevels.The guide is a refresher for those who have already been trained in PRA approaches,disasterriskassessmentandmitigationplanning.It isabasicguidefor thosewhowish tolearnaboutandpracticeCRA.

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Who are the Participants of CRA? Participation of both primary and secondary stakeholders of any locality is consideredimportant and essential in CRA. Primary stakeholders are those who reside within thelocality and are directly impacted by any hazards (e.g.women, disable, farmers, fishers,landless). Secondary stakeholders may not be directly impacted but are involved inprovidingsupporttothem,andtheymayhavesomeinfluence(e.g.administrative,legal)orbe affected (either positively or negatively) by decisions made by primary stakeholders.Participation of secondary stakeholders in CRA is therefore very important. Types ofparticipants might vary depending on the locality, occupational groups etc. and theobjectivesofconductingCRA.The tablebelowshowsexamplesofprimaryandsecondarystakeholders in thecontextofBangladesh.Stakeholder Impacted SupportivePrimaryStakeholders

FishersFishfarmersFarmers (land owner and sharecroppers)LandlessWomenDisablesAdolescent,etc.

SecondaryStakeholders

UPChair,members;LocalAdministrationPublicandPrivateserviceProvidersLocal Influential (policy/social having influence on powerstructure)MemberofParliament,andLocalinstitutionalNetwork

UnionParishadUnion Disaster ManagementCommittee(UDMC)UpazilaDMCInvolvedNGOstaffLocalForestOfficer;UpazilaCooperativeOfficer;Moneylenders,localelites;InvolvedNGOstaffLocalPhysiciansLocal CBOs and NetworkingBodiesetc.ScientificOrganizations includingBangladesh MeteorologicalDepartment, Institute of WaterModelling (IWM), Center forGeographic Information Services(CEGIS), Climate Change Cell ofDepartment of Environment,BUET, Dhaka University, andothers.

Participating stakeholders types and numbers for CRA will depend on its goal andobjectivesandthesocialandphysicalboundaryofthelocality,extentofcommandareaandotherrelatedfactors.How to use this Guide? Thisguidehasbeenprepared forCRApractitioners.TheGuideattempts tohighlight thepracticalaspectsofconductingCRAatthefieldlevel.TheGuidecontains3chaptersandanAnnex.

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BelowisasequentialdescriptionofwheretofindwhatintheFacilitatorsGuide. Chapter 1 containsgeneraldescriptionofCRA,itsuseandhowtousethisguide.This

gives a preliminary concept of CRA and its usefulness. It also helpsprospective facilitators touse thisguide.Time,resourcesandskillsrequiredforconductingCRAarealsofoundinChapter1.

Chapter 2 describesthetasksthatrelatedwithcommunityriskassessment.Themethodstoconduct thoseactivitiesarealreadywidely inuse in thecountryand thechoice ofmethodsdepends on the goals and scope of the organisations orprojects.

Chapter 3 contains the steps for conducting a CRA. Objectives, time, materials,preparation, processes and expected outputs for each of the fourteenCRAactivitiesaredescribedthrough7sequentialsteps.Thischapteralsopresentsproposeddailyactivities,timetables,anddailyworkingschedules(Chapter1isneverthelessimportantforconductingthewholeprocess).

Annex TheannexprovidesformatsforCRAactivities.

What Resources are Needed? Time and other resources required to conduct CRA are not fixed. These can varyconsiderablydependingontheobjectives;hencethisguidedoesnotprescribeastructuredtimetableandresources.InsteadtheguideprovidesscenariosbasedonthefieldexperienceofCNRS.ThefacilitatorsmusthavebasicknowledgeandsomeexperienceonPRAandhaveproperlygonethroughthisguide.Besidesaclearideaofthelocality,itslivelihoodoptions,localtone,conflicts, history of entitlement, physical situation of the resources, present hazardmanagementinitiatives,etc.willhelpthefacilitatorsconductasuccessfulCRA.InBangladesh thedrywinterseason issuitable forconductingCRA, though thescheduleshould be synchronized with the farming system and local practices. Rice planting andharvesting timesshouldbeavoided. InruralsettingsofBangladesh,schools,NGOoffices,andUPofficescanbeusedasvenues.

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Chapter 2 : Scoping the Community Introduction CRA is amethod that involves local stakeholdergroups to come together andprepare aconsensual risk reduction strategy (action plan) through identification, assessment andanalysisofhazardspecificrisksindifferentvulnerablesectors.Itisthereforeimportantthatrepresentativesoftherelevantsocialandoccupationalgroupsareidentifiedandparticipatein theCRAprocess. TheCRA facilitators shouldhaveabasicunderstandingof the localsocialandbiophysicalsituations,peopleandtheirlivelihoods,typeandextentofhazardsinthelocality,andtraditionalpreparednessandcopingstrategyfortheexistinghazards.Climate(andvariability)changecompoundsriskenvironmentTheglobalclimateischanging,impactingallspheresoftheearthincludingphysical,natural,socialandeconomicdomainsandlifeandlivelihoodsofpeople.Bangladeshisparticularlyvulnerabletotheimpactsofclimatechangeandalreadyexperiencingclimaterelatedhazardslikefloods,droughts,cyclonesandothers,whicharebeingaggravatingfollowingclimatechange(andvariability).Asignificantpartofthecoastalregionisthreatenedbysalinityintrusionandsubmersionduetosealevelrise.Allthesehazardshavethepotentialtoturnintodisastersdependingonthedegree,intensitiesandmagnitudesinonehandandtheresilienceofthepeopleontheotherandthepreparationatallleveltotreattheserisks.Theclimate(andvariability)changeimpactsarelikelytoincreaserisksofdisastersandassuchdisastermanagementthroughreductionofrisksmustdealappropriatelywithclimatechangeissuesadequatelywhileassessingrisksthroughCRAandRRAP.Thegeneralpredictionsofclimatechange(andvariability)impactforBangladesharerisksof:

Erraticrainfallsshiftingprecipitationpatternseverelyinterferingagriculture Heatspellsoverthethresholdlevelofcertaincropsandevenhumanhealth Morefloods,untimelyfloods Increasedriverbankerosion Moredroughteventsandprolonged Increasedandprolongeddrainagecongestion Salinityintrusionintothesurfacewater,groundwaterandsoil Morecyclones,stormsurgeswithhigherintensities Reducedwateravailabilityforhouseholdsandagriculturalconsumption

Theextent,intensityandmagnitudeofimpactsarenotknownexactly.However,theywilldefinitelyincreasehazardsandcompoundexistingrisks.Inthecontextofoverallriskmanagement,climateriskmanagementisasubstantialareatodealwith.Accordinglypresentclimatehazardsandtrends(pasthazards)forspecificwatersystemsandcorrespondinglivelihoodsystemsshallallowustoassessclimaterisksatthispointintimeandcanbeusedinriskreductioninitiativesofthecountry.Thereshallalsobeclimatichazardsscenarios(futurehazards)followingglobalwarmingatlocallevel,whichshallbeusedtoinitiateriskreductioninitiativesinthecomingfuture.Thesehazardsscenariosshall

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alsobeusedtodealwithclimateriskmanagementinthedevelopmentprocessofthecountry.Climatechangethereforethreatensbothpreviousachievementsandfutureeffortstoreducepoverty inBangladesh,particularlybythreateningwaterandfoodsecurityanddamagetoessentialinfrastructureduringmorefrequentdisasterevents.Tocopeandadaptwithclimatechange(andvariability),itisnecessarytoknowthelocation,nature,intensityandmagnitudesofhazardsandthenacomprehensiveriskassessmentshallenable designing and implementing action plans to reduce risks. Scientific informationrelatedtohazardsnecessaryhasbeenrecordedinannex1shallbevalidatedinonehandandenabletheCRAteamtorefreshparticipantsexperienceofhazardtrend intotheir localityanddevelopRRAPaddressingtheserisks.Consideringtheabove,theactivitiesinthischapteraretargetedtogatherrelevantprimaryinformation (also validating secondary information and maps from relevant sources e.g.DMIC) on the area,whichwillpotentiallyhelp in actionplanning formanaging the riskenvironment. Relevant data can also be gathered from the concerned offices (e.g. IWM,CEGIS,WARPO,BMD,SPARSO,GSBandDOE (CCC)etc.)usingvariousdata collectiontools.However, itmaynotbenecessary to collect all this information at this stage if theinformation is already available atproject level or secondary sources.Thismight requireconsiderabletimedependingonundertakingorganizationbeinglocallyinstitutionalisedorexsituoperations.The commonly asked scientific secondary information, formsof information andpossiblesourcesaredescribedinthefollowingtable.

Table1:ScientificandmodellingInformationRequiredfromSecondarysourcesInformation LevelofDetailingRainfallTrendsovertheseasonsforlastyears

Unionlevel,UpazilaLevel,DistrictLevel

RiverBankErosionTrendandPrediction UnionLevel,BasinLevelLandElevation Union Level, Upazila Level, District

LevelGroundwater table and quality of waterinformation (including discharge and rechargerate)

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Waterlevel/waterextent/durationoflastfloods/ Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

DroughttrendandPredictionInformation Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Cyclonicsurgepredictions/orpastinundation Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Information about hail storms trends and(predictionifpossible)

UnionLevel,UpazilaLevel

Salinity Prone Areas and Degree of Salinity inSurfaceandGroundWater includingAgriLand

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

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Information LevelofDetailingundersalinityTrends of the incidences of Tornados and ifpossiblepredictions

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Numberofcontinuousrain(morethan3days)inpast over the crucial season and predictions (ifpossible)

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Trends of Heat Spell that affect (stress)livelihoodsandprojections(ifpossible)

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

Trends of Cold Wave that affect (stress)livelihoodsandlifeandpredictions(ifpossible)

Union Level, Upazila Level, DistrictLevel

After collectionof the abovementioned scientific information, there is alsoneedof someothersecondaryinformationtobecollectedfromthelocalsources:UnionParishad,UpazilaParishad or other local sources. The common information to be collected before fieldactivitiesofCRAarementionedinthefollowingtablewithpossiblesources.

Table2:SocioeconomicInformationRequiredfromSecondarysourcesInformation ProbableSourcesLocation,TypeandArea UnionParishad,LGEDPopulation(Male/Female) UnionParishad,UpazilaStatisticsOfficeEducation(rateprimary,secondary) UnionParishad,UpazilaPrimaryEducationOfficeHealthandFamilyPlanning Union Health Complex, Upazila Health and

FamilyPlanningOfficeCommunication (roads, bridge,culverts,sluicegatesetc)

UnionParishad,LGED

River,Canal,Wetland(beels)etc. Union Parishad, Bangladesh Water DevelopmentBoard(officeatdistrictlevel)

EconomicActivities(livelihoodoptions) UnionParishad,LocalNGOsandKnowledgeableSocialReligiousGroups UnionParishadInstitutions: educational, religious,government offices, UP, NGOs, localclubs, cultural institutions,flood/cycloneshelters

Union Parishad, Upazila social Welfare Office,UpazilaEducationOffice

Common Places: hat bazaar,playground

UnionParishad

Land use (commercial/business,settlement, infrastructure, forest,wetland, fish culture, cultivable/ noncultivable, single cropped, doublecropped,triplecroppedetc)

Union Parishad, Upazila Land Office, SubAssistantLandOfficer,UpazilaAgricultureOffice,Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer, UpazilaFisheries officer, NGOs, Upazila SubRegistrarOffice

SoilType UnionParishad,UpazilaAgricultureOfficeFoodandAgriculture UpazilaAgricultureOffice,UpazilaFoodOfficeForestation UnionParishad,UpazilaForestOfficeBiodiversity UnionParishad,NGOs,ForestDepartmentWaterandSanitation Union Parishad, Tube well Supervisor, NGOs,

UpazilaDPHEOffice,SanitaryInspector

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Information ProbableSourcesPoultryLivestock UnionParishad,UpazilaLivestockOfficeFisheries UnionParishad,UpazilaFisheriesOfficerElectricity UnionParishad,PolliBiddutShomityUnionMap Union Parishad, DMIC, Disaster Management

BureauAfter collection andprocessingof the abovementioned information, anorganizationwillstart the validation process of the information with local people and union disastermanagementcommittees.Thevalidationprocessshouldbewellthoughtandwellprepared.ThereshouldbeachecklistmadebytheCRAconductingorganizationtogetthefeedbackonthesecondaryinformation.Aftervalidationofthesecondaryinformation,CRAteamwillconduct transectwalk,hold a few focusgroupdiscussion sessions,developparticipatorysocialmapping,mappingvennActivitiestobeperformedinthisstagearebrieflydescribedinthefollowingsections.Task 1: Validation of Relevant Secondary Information

Objective: Validationofrelevantsecondaryinformationwiththecommunity.t Time: 2hour. Materials: Relevantsecondaryinformation/maps(Annex1&2),notebook,

colourmarker,pen.

Participants:UDMCmembers,LocalAmin,Localknowledgeablepersonshavingidea about Mouza map, local professionals viz. schoolteacher andrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Contact with Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC), local

knowledgeablepeopleandothersmentionedabove toensureparticipation in thesession

Asuitablevenueforconductingthesessionshouldbeidentified.Thevenueshouldhaveamediumsizedroomwithcapacityforsitting1015people.

Contact each individual one day before of the session mentioning date, time &venue.

Arrangeallnecessarymaterialsrequiredforconductingthesession. Collect necessary secondary (scientific and socioeconomic) information from

respectivepersons,officesororganizationslistedinAnnex1&2.. Analyseavailableinformationtoproduceeasilyunderstandablegraphsorcharts. Arrangea largeenvelope (A4sizebrowncolour) for filing theoutputs touseata

laterstageintheworkshop. Thefacilitatorshouldmakeallnecessaryarrangementsbeforetheparticipantscome

tothevenue. Acofacilitatorshouldtakenotesofdiscussion.

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9 Process:1. TheFacilitatorwelcomesalltheparticipants(610,includingonefemalemember

fromeacholdward,andthreemalemembersfromthenewwords)forthesessionandrequeststhemtosittogetherinalargegroup.

2. Icebreaking through introduction ofparticipants (name, respectiveward/village,occupationetc).

3. TheFacilitatorwillexplainthepurposeandthedetailedtasksofthesessionsothattheparticipantscanfreelyparticipateinthesession.

4. The Facilitator then presents secondarymaps and information to participants insuchamannerthateverybodycanunderstandandauthenticatethem.

5. TheFacilitatorwilldocumentnecessarychangeson themaporgraphs infrontoftheparticipantsorrequestanyoftheparticipantstodrawthechanges.

6. Cofacilitatorwilltakenotesofdiscussioninasystematicmanner.

Output: Communityvalidatedsecondaryinformationormaps. Task 2: Transact Walk (Familiarization Tour)

Objective: togain clearunderstandingof the localityand itsnatural resources,landuse,localproblems,prospectsetc.

t Time: 34hours Materials: Unionmapwithcommonphysicalfeatures,notebook,pen/pencil Participants:LocalAmin(landsurveyor),knowledgeablepersonshavingideaabout

Mouza map, local professionals viz. school teacher andrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(68persons)

Preparation:

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Trynottowalkthroughthecommoncommunicationroutesbecauseyouwillnotgetmostofthefeatures(e.g.ponds,cropfields,homesteads,bushes)alongthewalkway.

Walkslowlytoknoweachoftheissues/featuresclearlye.g.benefitsofbiodiversity,useandbenefitsofmedicinalplantsetc.

Trytobefamiliarwiththelocaltermse.g.salun(curry),pokkhi(birds),kawua(crow),foshol(fieldcropincludingfish),hamildar(pregnantwomen)etc.

9 Process:1. TheFacilitatorwillbuild rapportwith the community through frequent fieldvisit

andinformaldiscussionpriortothetask.2. Askthemaboutwalkingthroughwhichwayyoucangetclearideaaboutthelocality

anditsnaturalresources,landuse,plantandwildlifebiodiversityetc.3. Toknoweachofthespecificissuesmentionedabovetakeadvantageof6questioni.e.

what is it?whenoccurs?where takesplace?whodoes?whydo theydo? through

Startwalkingw

whichprocess?

4. ith68localknowledgeablepersonsfromonesideoftheareaand

5. tes/informationtotheaccompanying

informationon the localityand itsnatural resources,Task 3:

trytofocusoneveryrelatedissueduringthewalkandtakenotes.Talkwitheverybodyyoumetduringthewalk.

6. Oncethewalkcomestoanend,displaythenopersonssothattheycanprovidefurtherinputfornecessaryaddition,modification,alterationordeduction.

: Cross sectionalOutputlanduse,plantandwildlifebiodiversityetc.Focus Group Discussions

TogaininformationabouObjective: tthelocality,people,theirlivelihoods,localrisk environment (hazards) and local/traditional preparedness andcopingstrategy.

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t Time: 3hours Materials: FGDchecklist(Annex3),notebook,marker,brownpaper,board,tape,

pen

Participants:UDMCmembers,Local knowledgeablepersons, localprofessionalsviz.schoolteacherandrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Contactwith theuniondisastermanagement committee (UDMC) to ensure their

supportandparticipationintheCRAprocess Finalise the participants (UDMC members and local knowledgeable people) and

contact each individual one day before of the FGD mentioning date, time andvenue.

AsuitablevenueforconductingFGDshouldbeidentified.Thevenueshouldhaveamediumsizedroomwithcapacityforsitting1015people.

Arrange all necessary materials required for conducting FGD session and checkwhetherthematerialsareinadequatequantity.

Prepare copy of checklist to be used in the session before the start of FGD, see(Annex3).

Arrangea largeenvelope (A4sizebrowncolour) for filing theoutputs touseatalaterstageintheworkshop.

The facilitator shouldpreparehimselfwithallnecessaryarrangementsbefore theparticipantscometothevenue.

A cofacilitator should takepreparation for taking notes ofdiscussion.

9 Process:1. Facilitator welcomes all the

participants (6 10, 1 malemember from each ward, and 3female members) for the sessionand requests them to sit togetherinalargegroup.

2. Self introduction of participants(name, respective ward/village,occupationetc).

3. The Facilitator explains thepurposeand thedetailed tasksofthesessionsothattheparticipantscan freely participate in thesession.

4. TheFacilitatorwill thengivean introduction to thedisaster riskenvironmentandfeatures&benefitsofcomprehensivedisastermanagementapproach(Annex4).

17

5. TheFacilitatorwillstartdiscussion in linewiththepreparedchecklist(Annex3)togain information about the locality, people, their livelihoods and local riskenvironmentandlocal/traditionalpreparednessandcopingstrategy.

6. Cofacilitatorstartstakingnotesofdiscussioninasystematicmanner.

Output: Informationonthelocality,people,theirlivelihoodsandinstitutionalarrangements.

Task 4: Social Mapping

Objective: Collectinformationonthetopographical,villages/settlement,physicalinfrastructure, institutions, commonplaces, land use, disaster proneandimpactedareasandnaturaldrainageofthearea.Thisinformationwillberecordedonmaps.

t Time: 34hours. Materials: Brown paper, union map, multicoloured pens, adhesive labels,

scissors,pencil.

Participants: UDMCmembers,LocalAmin,Local knowledgeable persons havingidea about Mouza map, local professionals viz. schoolteacher andrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: The facilitator should prepare himself with all necessary materials before the

participantscometothevenue. Acofacilitatorshouldtakepreparationfortakingnotesofdiscussion. PriortothesessionthefacilitatorwillstudytheLGEDThanaBaseMaptogetanin

depthideaaboutthelocality.

9 Process: Example1:SocialMap1. At the orientation session, the facilitator will

explaintheobjectivesoftheactivity.Participantsshould be encouraged to clarify any doubtsregardingthepurposeofthetaskandtheroleoftheparticipantsintheexercise.

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Map - 1: Social Map

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LEGEND

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2. Participants will be provided with the drawnperimeterandcommonphysical featuresof theUnion and they will record topographical,settlement, physical infrastructure, institutions,commonplace, land use, disaster prone andimpactedareasandnaturaldrainageofthearea.

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3. In circumstances where there emergedcontrasting or diverse perceptions, informationwouldberecordedonlywhenparticipantsreachconsensus.

4. The Facilitator refrains from taking part in the

18

discussions;theirrolewouldbelimitedtofacilitatingandcoordinatingthesessionsonly(lightfacilitation).

5. In some cases, first hand information from community will be checked withconcerned departments viz. Upazila Government Offices, District levelgovernmentoffices,ifrequired.

Output: Social Map showing villages/settlement, physical infrastructure,institutions, commonplaces, land use, disaster prone and impactedareasandnaturaldrainageofthearea

Task 5: Hazard Venn

Objective: To identify and analyse the common hazards in the locality, theirmagnitudeandlikelihood.

" Method: Venndiagram.t Time: 1hour. Materials: Brown paper, art paper pieces ofdifferent size and colour,marker,

adhesive.

Participants: UDMC members, Local knowledgeable persons, local professionalsviz.schoolteacherandrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Thefacilitatorsneedtotakefollowingpreparationbeforehand: Gainideaoncommonhazards,theirfrequency,damagecaused,andrisks. Thevenueshouldbeassuggestedbytheparticipants. Invitetheparticipantsatleastdaybefore.

Example2:HazardVennDiagram

Prepare all the materials and

carry them to the venue beforetheparticipantsarrive.

9 Process:1. The facilitator will request the

participants to prepare a list ofcommon hazards that takesplaceinthelocality.

2. Oneoftheparticipantswillreadout the list. The facilitator willaskifthereareomissions.

3. Theparticipantswillberequestedtoselectroundshapedartpaperpieces(preparedearlierbythefacilitator)foreachofthehazards,sizewilldependingontheintensityanddamagecausedbythehazard,biggersizepaperforthemostintensiveandmostdamaginghazard.Theywillwritedownthehazardontheselectedpiece.

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4. Now theparticipantswillberequested toputapieceofartpaper in themiddleofthebigbrownpaperwritingthenameoftheirlocality/wordandmarktheuppersideof the brownpaper asnorth, then theywillput the hazards on the brownpaperaroundtheirlocalitydependingonthedirectiontheycomeintothelocality.

5. At this time they will consider the frequency of occurrence of each of the listedhazards,mostfrequentoneshouldbeplacedclosesttotheirlocalityandsoon.Nowthey will discuss among themselves and agree about the position of each of thehazards.Theparticipantswilldothisexerciseforeachofthehazardstheylisted

6. Thefacilitatorwillasksomequestionslike:whydotheythinkinthisway?Whytheyareputtingonecloseandanotherfarawayplace?

7. During thediscussion, if theywant tochangeplace foranyhazard, theycando it.Afteragreementtheywillplotthemontheplacestheyagreed.

8. Throughout the session allow participants to discuss and come to consensus,carefullynotedownthepoints.

Output: AconsensualVenndiagramofhazardbasedon theirconsequences,likelihoodandthevulnerablepeople.

Task 6: Hazard Mapping Objective: Tolocatetheaffectedareasbyspecifichazardswithintheunion " Method: HazardMap. t Time:2hours. Materials: Large sizeUnionboundarymapwithgeneralphysical features (e.g.

river,canal,majorroad,culvert/sluicegate,locationofUnionParishadetc.),colourpencil,marker.

Participants: UDMCmembers,LocalAmin,Local knowledgeable persons havingidea about common hazards, local professionals viz. schoolteacherandrepresentativesofprimarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Thefacilitatorsneedtotakefollowingpreparationbeforehand: Gain ideaonthe localhazards,their intensityandfrequency,damagecaused,and

risksetc. Thevenueshouldbeassuggestedbytheparticipants. Invitetheparticipantsatleastadaybefore. Prepareallthematerialsandcarrythemtothevenuebeforetheparticipantsarrive.

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9 Process:1. The facilitator will present the list of common local hazards that takes place

(developed under Task 5) and will describe the process of identifying locationsaffectedbyspecifichazardsinthelocality.

Example3:HazardMapping2. The Facilitator will then discuss about the

Union boundary map along with commonphysical features so that the participants caneasilyidentifylocationsinthemap.

3. The facilitatorwill thenrequestparticipants todrawhazardmaps(oneforeachhazard)withinunionboundary.

4. Throughout the session allow participants todiscussandcometoaconsensus,carefullynotedownthepoints.

5. Theparticipantswilldothisexerciseforeachofthehazardstheylisted.

Output: Aconsensualhazardmapforthe

union. Task 7: Livelihoods Seasonal Calendar

Objective: Locallivelihoodoptionsanditsseasonalitydimensions." Method: LivelihoodsSeasonalCalendar. Materials: Brownpaper,scale,colourmarkers,board,andadhesivetape.t Time: 1hour. Participants: UDMC members, Local Amin, Local knowledgeable persons, local

professionals viz. schoolteacher and representatives of primarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Thefacilitatorsneedtotakefollowingpreparationbeforehand: Gain idea on the local livelihood options, their seasonality, changing trend and

intensityetc. Selectasuitablevenueandinvitetheparticipantsatleastdaybefore. Prepare brown paper formatted with months at the top and place to write the

livelihoodoptionsonthelefthandside. Prepareallthematerialsandcarrythemtothevenuebeforetheparticipantsarrive

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9 Process:1. Thefacilitatorwillinitiatethediscussionbyaskingquestionsaroundthetopic.S/he

will then encourage participants to state what they are going to do and why.Questionsmaybe:livelihoodoptionsavailableintheirlocalityandtheirseasonality

2. After creating an enabling environment and preliminary understanding thefacilitatorwillinvitealltheparticipantstopreparealistoflivelihoodoptionsintheirlocality.He can thanhang theprepared format orprepare a format indiscussionwiththeparticipants.

Example4:LivelihoodsSeasonalCalendarLivelihoods Boi Joi Ash Sra Vad Ash Kar Ogh Pou Mag Fal Cho

CropCultivation

FishCulture(Gher)

FishCatch

3. Theparticipantswillberequestedtoidentifythemonthsofoperationofeachoftheoptionstakeplaceinthelocality.

4. Theparticipantswilldiscussamongthemselvesandagreeduponandaccordinglythe facilitatororaparticipantwillputcolourunder themonthsasperagreementandfinalizetheseasonalcalendarofthelocallivelihoodoptions.

5. The participants will then graphically represent the intensity of the operationthroughouttheselectedmonthsbyoptionsasinExample4.

6. Bythiswaytheparticipantswillpresenteachoftheoptionsidentifiedbythem.

Output: A consensual seasonal calendar of livelihood options with itsseasonalitydimensions.

Task 8: Hazard Seasonal Calendar

Objective: the occurrence and intensity period of listed hazards and theirchangingtrendduetoclimatechangeinthelocality.

" Method: SeasonalCalendar. Materials: Brownpaper,colourmarkers,board,andadhesivetape.t Time: 1hour. Participants: UDMC members, Local Amin, Local knowledgeable persons, local

professionals viz. schoolteacher and representatives of primarystakeholders(610persons)

Preparation: Thefacilitatorsneedtotakefollowingpreparationbeforehand:

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Gainideaonthephysicalsetting,commonhazards,theirseasonality,changingtrendandintensity.

Selectasuitablevenueandinvitetheparticipantsatleastdaybefore. Preparebrownpaperformattedwithmonthsatthetopandplacetowritethe local

hazardsonthelefthandside. Prepareallthematerialsandcarrythemtothevenuebeforetheparticipantsarrive

9 Process:1. The facilitatorwill hang the list of the hazards identified in the previous session

(Task5&6)andsharewiththeparticipants.Oneoftheparticipantswillreadoutthelist.Thefacilitatorwillaskifthereisanythingleft,ifanythingcomesnewthatwillbeadded.

2. Thefacilitatorwillinitiatethediscussionbyaskingquestionaroundthetopic,hewillthan assist one of the participant to state what they are going to do and why.Questionsmaybe: Inwhichmonthsdo flood takeplace in their locality? Inwhichmonthsthesituationworst?

3. After creating an enabling environment and preliminary understanding thefacilitatorwill inviteall theparticipantstoprepareaseasonalcalendarofthe listedhazardsfortheirarea.Hecanthanhangthepreparedformatorprepareaformatindiscussionwiththeparticipants.

Example5:HazardSeasonalCalendarHazards Boi Joi Ash Sra Vad Ash Kar Ogh Pou Mag Fal Cho

Flood

Cyclone

Drought

5. Theparticipantswillberequested to identify themonthsofoccurrencesofeachofthehazards;theywillalsoidentifythemonthswhenthesituationisworst.

6. The participants will discuss among themselves and agree and accordingly theFacilitatororaparticipantwillputcolourunderthemonthsandfinalizetheseasonalcalendarofthehazardsinthearea.

7. Now the facilitatorwill ask some questions to the participants, especially hewilldrawtheattentionoftheelderlyparticipants.Thequestionsmightbewhatwastheintensive flooding period 20/30 years ago, do you observe any change in theoccurrence period and intensiveperiod of flood, if anydifference found that alsoshouldbemarkedontheseasonalcalendarafteragreementusingdifferentcolourorsign.

7. The participants will then graphically represent the variability of the hazardsthroughouttheselectedmonthsbyoptionsasinExample4.

8. Bythiswaytheparticipantswillpresenteachoftheoptionsidentifiedbythem.

Output: A consensual seasonal calendar of hazards with its seasonalitydimensions.

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Task 9: Key Informants Interview

Objective: togain informationabout the locality,people, their livelihoods,pastandpotentialfuturehazardimpacts.

t Time: 1hour. Materials: KIIchecklist(Annex4),notepad,pen. Informants: Key informants interviews should be with individuals who have

involvement with a particular issue of interest, (Key informant forcyclonerelatedissuemaybeacycloneaffectedindividual,adoctorwho experienced in providing medical support to cyclone affectedhouseholds) UP chairman, Upazila level officers (e.g. Agriculture,Fishery, LGED etc. depending on the subject of interest) and localknowledgeable.

Preparation: Informtherespondentwellinadvance. GothroughtheKIIchecklistcarefully. Takealltherequiredmaterialstotheinterviewandbeontime.

9 Process:1. TheFacilitator/interviewerwill introducehimselfand explainpreciselywhathe is

goingtodoandwhy.2. Theinterviewerwillasktherespondentifhehasanythingtoask.3. The interviewerwillaskquestionsbasedon thechecklist togatherresponses from

therespondent.4. Thefacilitatorwillreviewthechecklisttoseeifthereisanythingleftorifanyarea

needsfurtherclarification.5. The facilitatorwill conclude the interviewby thanking the respondent forhis/her

timeandusefulinputs.

Output: Informationonthelocality,people,theirlivelihoodsandinstitutionalarrangements.

Note: To complete all these tasks might require a week to a month depending on the localinstitutionalcapacityandfacilitatorsskills.

AnyspecificissuesidentifiedintheaboveexercisescanbesharedwiththestakeholdergroupsduringCRAworkshops.

Someofthetaskscouldpossiblybedoneinonelongsessione.g.informationvalidationandFGDinonesession,allthemappingtasksincludingsocialmapping,hazardmapping,hazardvenn, hazard seasonal calendar, and livelihoods seasonal calendar in another session.Transactwalkcanbetterbedonewiththesameindividualsinmappingtasks,ifpossible.

24

Select Participants for CRA Basedonthe informationcollectedaboveaswellasthatavailablefromsecondarysources,theparticipantsfortheCRAworkshopcanthenbeselected.Whilstselectingtheparticipantsit is important to ensure thatall concerned stakeholders forwhom themanagementplanwould be developed are included. Household socioeconomic features and hazardvulnerabilityarethemainsourceofinformationforidentifyingstakeholders.Thedatabaserelated to social and institutional systems will help identify the social groups and localinstitutional settings needed for participatory development of the community plan andimplementationoftheproposedactions.From all the availabledata sources, apreliminary list of stakeholders (bothprimary andsecondary)canbedeveloped.AlistofhouseholdscanbecollectedfromUPorfromPrimaryEducation Officer (list of household under primary school catchments area) or a quickcensus can be undertaken to have a list of households. Once the preliminary list isdeveloped thenotherrelevantattributescanbeoverlaid toassesswhetherall therelevantissues are covered. It should ensure inclusion of representation from relevant social andoccupationalgroupsforCRA.Itisimportanttonotethatoncetheparticipantsareselectedtheyshouldnotbechangedorreplacedafter thestartofCRAworkshops. Inclusionofnewparticipants in themiddleofCRA workshop will break harmony between different sessions and create problems forother participants that may lead to produce poor results. At the end of this stage thefollowingpreparationsneedtobeundertakenforthebettermanagementofsessions: A suitable venue for conductingCRAworkshop sessions should be identified. The

venueshouldhavecapacityforsitting12 15people.Sessionswillrunconcurrently.Ideallythevenueshouldalsohavearoomthatcanaccommodatearound40peopleforholdingtheplenarysessions.

Finalise the participating stakeholder groups (primary and secondary) and contacteachindividualmentioningthedates,timesandvenue.

Arrange all necessary materials required for the workshop and check whether thematerialsareinadequatequantities.

Prepareallnecessaryformsandformatstobeusedindifferentsessionsbeforethestartofnextsessions.

BriefthewholeprocessesofCRAtothefacilitatorsteamandorienttheCoFacilitatorsand Session Assistants of their specific roles during the whole course of CRAworkshops.

Arrangelargeenvelopes(A4sizebrowncolour)inrequiredquantitiesforfilingeachofthesessionoutputsforcompilationanduseatalaterstageintheworkshop.

The facilitators team should prepare themselves with all necessary arrangementsbeforetheparticipantscometothevenueonsessiondays.

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtopersonalchoices(preferences)offoodandsnacksifparticipantsareofmixedreligiousclasses.

Checkthetoiletfacilitiesinthevenuewithspecialattentionforwomenparticipants.

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Chapter 3 : CRA Workshop Introduction ThischapterdescribesthecoreactivitiesofCRAforbuildingconsensusamongthedifferentconcernedstakeholdersonidentifiedactions(interventions)relevanttohazardmanagementandmitigation.ThisChapterdetailsthestepsinthePlanningstageofCRA(Figure1).Step1:HazardIdentificationStep2:VulnerableSectorIdentificationStep3:RiskStatementandPrioritisationStep4:RiskAnalysisandEvaluationStep5:FirstPlenary:ConsensusonRisksStep6:SpecificRiskReductionOptionsStep7:FinalPlenary:ConsensusonOptionsFigure2:CRAActivityflowchart

Planning for CRA Asdescribedearlier,forconductingafullCRAatmicrolevel,atotalof7consecutivedayswill be required if a team of two facilitators conduct the sessions concurrently with 4stakeholdersgroups. It is important that the facilitatorsprepareadetailedworkplan foreachof theactivities tobe carriedout in7days,before starting theCRA.Theworkplanshouldincludethedailyactivities,materialsneeded,timerequirementandresponsibilityoffacilitators, cofacilitators and session assistants. For assisting theCRA facilitators, dailyactivities, time requirement, participants (stakeholders) for each day and other relatedaspectsarepresentedinFigures3and4below.

Figure3:DailyActivityScheduleforconductingCRA

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Day and Time Session Description Participants Pre-CRA

Ranging from a week to a month depending on local institutional capacity of conducting organization

Scoping the community

Tasks: Relevant secondary information (both scientific and socio-economic) collection and validation, Transact Walk, Focus Group Discussions, Social Mapping, Seasonal Calendar of Hazards and Livelihood Options, Hazard Mapping and Key Informants Interview

FGD, Social & Hazard Mapping, Seasonal Calendar: 8 10 persons from the union including UDMC, Knowledgeable, and Professionals etc.

1 to 10 days based on the individual PNGOs capacity

According to the PNGOs convenience

A draft report preparation based on the Pre- CRA findings

PNGO staff

01 Day: 06 hours session

Time agreed by the UDMC

Validation of the information collected from the different sources and means as the part of Scoping the Community.

24-36 members from Union/ Municipality/ City Corporation DMC

1-5 days depending on the PNGOs capacity

Before commencement of the CRA workshop

Finalization of the Pre-CRA report based on the validation session with the DMC members

PNGO staff

Preparation for the CRA workshop: Thorough review and analyze the Pre-CRA data and take preparation for CRA accordingly. This is very important for effective facilitation and helping in preparation of Risk Statement. A. Getting ready for CRA workshop; Task 1: Prepare a draft list of Hazard, Vulnerable Sectors, Elements and specific risk statement based on the Pre- CRA results. B. Getting ready for CRA workshop; Task 2: Make four copies of hazard map (big size- easily visible to the CRA participants) based on the data found in the Pre- CRA.

CRA Workshop Day-1 (Ward 1/2/3) 9 am to 5 pm

Step 1 & 2

Activity 1 - 3

Conduct three concurrent sessions in three venues at old three words by three facilitators team.

2-3 participants from each of the socially disadvantaged group (disabled, women, farmer/ weavers/ fishers, landless) is a must. Include participants from each of the new words; equal number from each new word. Total participants should be in between 15-20.

Day-2 9 am to 5 pm Step 3

Activity 4 - 6

Conduct three concurrent sessions in three venues at old three words by three facilitators team.

Same as Day 1 Participants

Day-3 9 am to 5pm Step 4

Activity 7 - 8 Task # 07 would be carried out by the PNGO facilitators in consultation with the officials of relevant GO/NGO and local elderly and experienced persons.

Facilitators, Field Officers and Assistants

Task # 08 would be carried out by the PNGO facilitators in consultation with the respective GO/NGO department.

Facilitators, Field Officers and Assistants

Compilation of findings of task 07 & 08

Prepare necessary posters and get ready for the final day session

Facilitators, Field Officers and Assistants

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Day- 4 9 am to 2 pm

Step - 4 Activity 9 (Final Plenary)

Fix all the posters prepared in Day 3 in the venue before the session starts. All the participants will observe the display out puts in small groups and then reach in to a consensus in the plenary after necessary corrections

Day 1 participants and 15-18 from secondary stakeholders (altogether around 25-38 participants).

Figure 4: CRA Daily schedule (=fullday(9am5pm),7 =halfday(5pm10pm),

CRA Step 1: Identification of Vulnerable Sectors, & Community Elements Activity1: Identify All Vulnerable Sectors & Community Elements

Objective: Identifythekeysectorswithinthecommunity(e.g.agriculture,housing,livestock, lifelines, industry), key elements (e.g. people,Lifelines/Essential services, infrastructure, livelihoods, houses andpersonal property, community buildings) that could potentially beaffectedbyanyofthehazardsidentifiedinPreCRAsessions.

t Time: 1Hour. Materials: Posterpaper,markerpen,display board (wall,paper),pushpin, both

sidetapeandA4sizeProcessDocumentationFormat(Annex7,8&9).

" Method: Opendiscussioninlargegroup Preparation: Facilitatorsbepreparedwiththefollowing: Collectallthematerialsneededforthesessionsasstatedabove. ExplainandguidetheCofacilitatortotakenotesonthewholeprocess Facilitators shouldhavea clearunderstandingof thekey risks for thehazards so

that he/she can assist the participants to identify the right risks relevant to thecommunityelementsandsectors.

9 Processes:1. The Facilitatorwelcomes all theparticipants (810) in a stakeholder group for the

sessionandasksthemtosittogetherinaUshapedlargegroup.2. The Facilitator explains the purpose and the process of this exercise so that the

participantscanrespondfreelyinit.3. TheFacilitatornowclearlyexplainstheunderstandingofcommunityelements,risk

location and the relevant sectors to be affected by the hazards and asks theparticipantstorespondaccordingly.

4. Once the community elements/sectors/ are identified (one after another) thefacilitatorwillwriteinthespecificformatplacedinAnnex7,8&9accordingly.

Example6:Vulnerablesectors

Sector Elements Hazards

Flood Drought Hailstorm

AmanPaddy,Jute

Vegetable

Agriculture

Fish farmsareflooded

FishFarming

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Sector Elements Hazards

Homesteadshouses,Educationaland religiousinstitutions

Infrastructure

Output: A list of all hazards, vulnerable sectors and elements relevant to thecommunityisprepared.

30

CRA Step 2: Identification of Hazard Specific Risks in Each Vulnerable Sector

Activity 2: Risk Statement associated with Hazards in each Vulnerable Sector

Objective :Listingalltherisksthatresultfromtheinteractionofthehazardwithavulnerable element, also identify the less obvious risks that areassociatedwithmanyofthehazards.

t Time :2Hours. Materials : VIPP (Visualization In Participatory Programs) Cards, Poster papers,

marker pens (sketch pen),display board (wall, paper), pushpin, bothsidetapeandA4sizeProcessDocumentationFormat(Annex10).

" Method :Small group discussions and presentation in large group and opendiscussions.

Preparation:Facilitatorsbepreparedwiththefollowing: Shouldhavepriorknowledgeon locality,relevanthazards (identified inPreCRA),

socialandphysicalconditionsthataregatheredinTask19(describedinchapter2ofthisGuide).

Collectallthematerialsneededforthesessionsasstatedabove. ExplainandguidetheCofacilitatortotakenotesonthewholeprocess Facilitators should have a clearunderstanding of thedefinition of hazard specific

riskssothathe/shecanassisttheparticipantstoidentifyandwritetherightkindofrisks.

Ensurepresenceof2/3primaryschoolchildrenfromthevillagetohelpparticipantswritinghazardspecificrisksifthereisnoneamongthemcanwrite.

9 Processes:1. The Facilitatorwelcomes all the

participants (810) in astakeholderg oupfor esessionandasksthemtosittogetherinaUshapedlargegroup.The Fa

r th

2. cilitator explains thel

n3. cribes the

ilitatorsuppliesnecessarymaterials to thesub

purpose and process as we l asthedetailed tasksof thissessionsothattheparticipantscanfreelyrespondi it.The Facilitator desreasons for forming subgroupsandaskstheparticipantstosubdivideinto23smallgroups(34members inasmallgroup).The facgroups.

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4. TheFacilitatorexplainstheactivitiestobedoneinthesubgroupsandexplainssomeof the principles of working in groups. If assistance (such as school children) isneededtohelpwithwriting,thentheavailablepeopleshouldbedistributedamongstthesubgroups.

5. TheFacilitatornowclearlyexplainsthehazardsandprobableeffectsandthenaskstheparticipants to identifyhazardsspecificrisks forall thehazardsrelevant to thelocalitythroughdiscussionamongthem.

6. TheFacilitatorwillalsoclearlyexplainthewaysofwritingspecificriskstatementssothattheoutputsbecomeveryspecific,notgeneric.(Example8)

Example6:RiskStatementFlood:3000 livesmaybe lostandover5000peoplewill be injured if amajorfloodeventabove3metresoccurs

Flood: A major flood above 2 metreswill cause water inundation ofapproximately300buildings.

Flood:SatellitehealthcentresandtheEPI centreswillbe closed if amajorfloodlike1988occurs.

Fertilisers&pesticidescontamination:Contamination of drinking water mayresult from inappropriate land usemanagementandtheindiscriminateuseoffertilisersandpesticides.

Cyclone: In excess of 25% of thebuildingswillbeseriouslydamagedordestroyed by cyclones with windspeeds greater than 200 kph and thepeople with disability, women,elderly and children living in thosehouseholds are most likely to beaffectedseriously.

7. Inthisway,theparticipantswillwriteriskstatementsagainsteachoftheselected

hazards.8. Afteridentificationofrisksinsmallgroups,theparticipantswillagainsitinaU

shapedlargegroup.9. NowonepersonfromasmallgroupwilldisplaytheirVIPPcardsandpresentthe

riskstheyidentifiedintheirsmallgroup.10. While one group will present their hazards specific risks, other groups should

carefully listenandput ticks ()on similarhazard related risks,which theyalsoidentifiedintheirsmallgroups.

11. Oncethepresentationofthefirstsmallgroupisover,othergroupswillsequentiallypresenttheiridentifiedrisksexceptthecommonones,whichmarkedwithticks().

12. Thepresenterofeachgroupwillanswer thequestions fromothergroups, ifanyandexplainthereasonsforselectingthesaidhazardsspecificrisks.

13. TheFacilitatornowpreparesariskstatement listcompilingalltherisks identifiedbythesmallgroupswithoutduplicationaccordingtoAnnex10.

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14. Ifanyriskassociatedwiththevulnerablesector/elements/locationsismissingafterlisting,theFacilitatorwillasktheparticipantsforgapfillinginlargegroupandaddwiththelistafteragreement.

Output: A primary list of hazards specific risks relevant to all vulnerablesectors/community elements/locations are prepared from theperspectiveofdifferentstakeholdergroups.

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Activity 3: Hazard Specific Risk Selection

Objective: Toselecthazardspecificrisksfromtheprimarylistofrisks.t Time: 30Minutes. Materials: Primary risk list (VIPP cards),brownpaper.displayboard,pushpin,

tape,marker.

" Method: Largegroupdiscussions Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Facilitatorshouldhaveaclear ideaabouttheobjectivesof theproject,the intended

goalandactivities,thescopeofworkoftheproject/organisationandtheextentofuseofCRAoutputsinthearea.

Clearunderstandingof the typeandnatureofhazardsspecific risks theprojectororganizationwilladdress.

9 Processes: 1. The facilitator will explain the participants about the goal of the project or

organizationandpotentialfutureactionstobeundertakenfromtheproject.2. Facilitatorwill thendisplay and fix two separate cards sideby side ofwhich one

showingHazardRelatedRisksandtheotherNonHazardRisks.3. TheparticipantsarethenaskedtocategorisetherisksunderHazardRelatedRisks

andNonHazardRisks.4. Once theproblemsare categorised, theFacilitatorwill thenexplain toparticipants

thatCRAwilladdressonlytheHazardRelatedRisksinthenextsteps.

Example7:RiskSelection

HazardRelatedRisks NonHazardRisks

Flood: 3000 lives may be lost andover5000peoplewillbe injured ifamajor flood event above 3 metresoccurs

Limited Scope of Work: duringlean period 50% population of thelocalitybecomesunemployed.

Cyclone: In excess of 25% of thebuildingswillbeseriouslydamagedordestroyedbycycloneswithwindspeedsgreaterthan200kph

Flood:Amajorfloodabove2metreswill cause water inundation ofapproximately300buildings.

Output: Listof HazardRelatedRisksand NonHazardRisks (ifany)basedontheopinionoftheparticipants.

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CRA Step 3: Risk Analysis and Evaluation Activity 4: Risk Assessment

Objective: Analysing and evaluating the risk statements to have an accuratepictureof each riskand their respectivepotential consequences. Thiswillallowus toevaluate themaccording to the impact theymayhaveonthevarioussectors/elements,whichmakeupacommunity.

t Time: 2:30hours. Materials: Risk statement list, filled in vulnerable sector/elements/location list,

brownpaper,marker/sketchpen,tape,pushpin,displayboard,A4sizeProcessDocumentationFormat(Annex11),andclipboard.

" Method: Largegroupdiscussions Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Facilitator should have a clear idea about defining the very specific risk

consequences,impacts,vulnerability,andaffectedpopulationinthearea. CollectcopiesoftheRiskMatrixusingPairRanking

9 Processes: 1. The facilitator will present the

hazard specific risks to theparticipants and explain themhowtoidentifyspecificpotentialconsequencesagainsteachoftheriskstatements.

2. Display the format according toAnnex 11 onboard orwall andwrite thesector/element/locationpotential consequences atrespective cell as per thecommunityperception.

3. Write potential consequencesonebyoneagainsteachoftheriskstatementslistedinActivity4

4. The facilitatorwill thenexplain the likelihoodandconsequencedescriptorsand fillthe respective cell against each of the risk statements depending on the potentialconsequencestheymighthaveuponhappening(seeAnnex12fordescriptors).

5. Atlast,basedonthelikelihoodandlevelofconsequencesofspecificriskstatementsthefacilitatorwilluseriskmatrixtoevaluatetherisksdependingontheirextremityinthecommunity.

6. After risk rating the facilitator will let the community to talk about whether thepotential consequences for specific risk are manageable by the community (i.e.acceptable risk) or require external help (i.e. unacceptable risk) based on the riskevaluation.(Annex13)

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7. Forbetterunderstandingof theparticipants, lifeexamplescanbegiven.However,examplesshouldnotberelatedtoanyoftheriskstheyidentified,whichmaybias(orinfluence)theparticipantsopinion.

8. FacilitatorwillthenwritetwoseparatelistsofacceptableandunacceptablerisksandwilldiscusswiththeparticipantsthattheCRAprocesswillanalysetheunacceptablerisksduringthenextsessions.

1. This is theendof theday.However, theFacilitatorswill select23 representativesfromtheparticipantstoattendsessionsonDay2(forselectionofrepresentativesseeAppendix14)andclosethesessionforthedaythankingeverybody.

Example8:RiskAssessmentRisk Potentialconsequences Consequence Likelihood Rating Acceptability

1)Thereisriskthatfloodingin the delta will destroycropsandlivestock

Lossofcashcropsandlivestock.Shortageoffood.Damagetoproperty.

Major Possible High Unacceptable

2) There is a risk that theairport and nearby townwill be flooded resulting inlossoflives

RelocationSellassets/borrowmoneyIncreaseinantisocialbehaviourOutbreakofcommunicablediseaseshealthhazardsFamilyincomewillsuffer

Moderate Likely Moderate

Unacceptable

3)Thereisriskthatthe90%satellitehealthclinicandEPIcentreswillbeclosedforfourweeksduetosevereflood.

Pregnantwomenandchildrenunder6yearsofagewillbedeprivedfromtheessentialhealthservices.

Major Possible

High Unacceptable

4)Thereisriskthatmostofthethatchedhouses/shantywillbedestroyedbytidalsurge.

Lossoflifeamongthepeoplewithdisability,women,elderlyandchildrenwillbehigh.

Major Possible

High Un

acceptable

Output: List of potential consequences by the specific risk statements, itslikelihoodandwhethertherisk isacceptabletothecommunityand itsmembersorunacceptablerequiringactionstoeithereliminateorreducetheimpactoftherisk.

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Activity 5: Causal Analysis

Objective: To identify thepotentialcausesofspecific riskstatements in linewiththe vulnerable sector, community elements and the locations andpossibleoptionsforriskreduction.

t Time: 4Hours. Materials: Prioritised risk statement list (10 risks),vulnerable sectors/community

elements/locations, (Annex16),brownpaper,marker/sketchpen, tape,pushpin,displayboard,A4sizeprocessdocumentationformat,andclipboard.

" Method: Largegroupdiscussionsandansweringquestions.9 Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Drawatleast5formatsonbrownpapersassuggestedinAnnex16. Shouldhaveclearunderstandingofcausesandeffectsofspecificriskstatements.9 Processes:1. Displayanddiscussthelistofprioritisedriskstatements(atleast10)onceagain.2. Displaythecausalanalysisformatonboardorwallforparticipantsreferencewhile

identifyingthecausesofprioritisedrisksandpossibleoptionsforreduction.3. The Facilitator will discuss about different levels of causes and options i.e.

immediate,intermediaryandultimatecause/optionsforanyspecificriskstatement.4. Identifyoptionsforeachofthecausesorgroupofcauses.Whileidentifyingoptions

lettheparticipantsbeveryspecificregardingwhattodoandwhere.5. Forbetterunderstandingof theparticipants, lifeexamplescanbegiven.However,

examples should not be related to any of the priority risks they identified foranalysis,whichmaybias(orinfluence)theparticipantsopinion.

6. Once the participants identify any cause or option the facilitatorwillwritedowntheiropinionsintheformat.

Example9:CausalAnalysisofRiskStatements

Reason/Cause PossibleOptionsIdentifier/risk Immediate Intermediate Ultimate Immediate Intermediate UltimateDeath of 50 no. of people in ward no. 3

Lack of timely warning message Lack of interpretation of message

Lack of Warning System Lack of access to warning message

Less priority and national investment

Dissemination of warning messages with clear interpretation

Dissemination of warning to wider community within shortest possible time

Policy adoption & budgetary allocation

25% of severely injured person can be disabled

Lack of proper treatment

Lack of money or income

Lack of accountability of care providers

-------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------

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Socially disadvantaged people particularly children will suffer from malnutrition related diseases due to sever flood

Excessive rain fall in the upstream and opening / releasing sluice gates in the neighbouring countries

Interruption in the drainage system and siltation in the major rivers/ canals

Absence of treaty/ agreement with the neighbouring country in managing flood water.

-Early warning on flood with clear interpretation. - Provision should be in place to rescue marooned people (Specially people with disability, women, elderly)

Provision of safety net program for the socially disadvantaged group of people

(A) Country should have flood management treaty / agreement with the neighbouring country. (B) No development project which may create obstruction in drainage system (C) Each UDMC should have updated Preparedness Plan in hand.

Output: Potentialcausesofspecificriskstatementsandpossibleoptions.

Activity 6: Risk Priority for Management

Objective: Managementpriorityforcommunityunacceptablerisks.t Time: 1Hour. Materials: VIPPCards,filledinriskanalysisformat,requirednewformat(Annex

17), marker/sketch pen, tape, pushpin, display board, processdocumentationformat,andclipboard.

" Method: Largegroupdiscussionsandansweringquestions. Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldpreparethefollowing: Draw1formatonbrownpapersassuggestedinAnnex17. WritedownprioritisedunacceptablecommunityrisksinVIPPcards. Colourthezipstickswithdifferentcolours Arrangetherelevantmaterialsasstatedabove Arrange5zipsticksperparticipants

9 Processes:2. FacilitatorwilldisplaytheunacceptableriskstatementsintheVIPPcardsplottedon

brownpaper.3. Thefacilitatorwillthenexplainthemhowtousezipstickforscoringtherisks.4. Readouteveryrisktotheparticipantsatleast2timessothateverybodyunderstands

andrecognizeseachoftherisks.5. Provide5zipstickstoeachparticipantandaskthemtoscoretherisksaccordingto

theirownchoice.Indoingso,eachparticipantscanfixallthe5zipsticksononeriskstatementor1,2,3,4zipsticksonrisksoftheirownchoice/priority.

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6. Thef ilitatorwill ques heparticipantstoconsidercauseandoptionsforeachriskstatementswhilescoringformanagementpriority.

ac re tt

7. All participants will put zip sticks onVIPPcardsasper theirownpriorityandorderby turns.Once the scoring isover,count the zip sticks and write it on theVIPPcards.

8. ArrangeVIPPcards(withscoredrisks)inascending order according to the scoreandwriteitonaseparateposter.

9. Facilitatorwill seek participants opinionifmore than one risk gets same score to prioritise these risks through consensusamongthemselves.

10. Facilitatorwill thenwrite the risks according to theirmanagementpriority in theformat(Annex17).

11. Thisistheendoftheday.However,theFacilitatorswillinviteparticipantstoattendsessionsonDay4forhalfdayatselectedvenue(9am1pm).

Output: ManagementPriorityforunacceptablecommunityrisks.

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CRA Step 4: Specific Risk Reduction Options

Activity 7 : Selection of Risk Reduction Options and Management Priority

Objective: To identify theappropriate risk reductionoptions for theelimination,reductionand/ormanagementofrisk.

t Time: 1hour. Materials: Compiled output of causal analysis (compiled output of Activity 7),

marker/sketchpens,displayboard,tape/pushpins,andatleast3copiesofriskreductionmeasuresformat

" Method: Largegroupdiscussionsandansweringquestions. Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Bring compiled output of Activity 7 and display on a big poster paper before

participantscometothevenue. Prepareat least3copiesofriskreductionOptionsformat(Annex18)onbigbrown

papers.Alsobringsomebrownpapers,whichthefacilitatormayrequiretodrawanymatrix/formatinstantly,ifrequired.

9 Processes:1. Displayandread thecompiledoutputofcausalanalysisandoptions identification

on display board and write if the participants have any addition, modification,deductionorchange inthecompiledoutput list intermsofpreparedness,responseand/orrecoveryforthespecificriskstatements.

2. Explain the subjectsofdiscussionsaccording to the format so that theparticipantscaneffectivelyparticipateinsession.

3. ThentheFacilitatorwillinvitetheparticipantstoranktheoptionsagainsteachoftheriskstatementsformanagementpriorityupondiscussionputtingnumbersaftereachoptione.g.(1),(2),(3).

4. After the options ranking is finished the facilitatorwill take 5 options (2 priorityoptions from the firstmanagementpriority risk statement,2priorityoptions fromthesecondmanagementpriorityriskstatementand1priorityoptionfromthethirdmanagementpriorityriskstatement)forfurtheranalysis.

5. The facilitatorwill thenwrite theselected risk reductionoptionsagainst the first3riskstatementsintheformat(Annex18).

6. Identify and write the ongoing measures already in ground against each of theselected options and possible constraints for success through detailed discussionwiththeparticipants.

Output: Identified prioritised risk reduction options against each of theprioritisedunacceptablerisksaccordingtoitsmanagementpriorityandexistingassociatedactionsinplaceanditssuccessconstraints.

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Activity 8: Impact Analysis of Risk Reduction Options

Objective: Evaluate prioritised risk reduction options through analysing sectorimpactsofimplementation.

t Time: 2:30Hours. Materials: Listofpriorityoptions identified inA4 sizepaper, and 1012A4 size

blankpaperwithTables(Annex19)drawnontonotedowntheImpactanalysisinformation,pensandpencilsetc.

" Method: Thefacilitators/fieldManagersoftherespectivePNGOwillpreparethelist in consultation with the GO/NGO officials and local experiencedpersons.

Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Sharetheselectedoptions(outputofActivity10) Prepare 1012 copiesof theoptions impact analysis format (Annex 19)onA4 size

whitepaper.

9 Processes:1. Shareanddiscusstheoptionsimpactanalysisformattoanalyse5selectedoptions.2. Explain the subjectsofdiscussionsaccording to the format so that theparticipants

caneffectivelygivetheirthoughtfullopinion.3. Basically, information in this activity will be collected through questions and

answers.Followingquestionscanhelp tofill thematrix(facilitatorcancitesuitableexamplesforlivelydiscussion):

Alternatives: Is thereanyalternativeoption tomeet theobjective (either fullyorpartially)?Cite

examplestoassistparticipantsunderstandingaboutalternativesolutions(e.g.breadisanalternativeforrice,etc).

Political/social: Willtheproposedoptionsbenefitthesociallydisadvantagedgroup? Wouldanyoccupational/socialgroupmightbeaffectedduetothe implementation

oftheproposedoption? Wouldanyoccupational/socialclassopposethisoption? Would any assistance from others be required for implementation of this

intervention? Wouldpriorpermission required for implementationof this intervention fromany

agency?

Technical/financial: Wouldanytechnical/economicconsiderationsberequiredforimplementation? Wouldanyanybodylooseorgainbythisintervention?

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Whenisthesuitabletime(month)forcarryingoutthesaidintervention? Wouldany committeebehelpful for smooth functioningof implementation?Who

willbethecommitteemembers? Whatisthesourceoffunding,approximatecosttocompletethework.

Environmental: Wouldtherebeanypositiveimpactonenvironmentafterprojectimplementation?If

yes,whatimpacts? Wouldtherebeanynegativeimpactonenvironment?Ifyes,thenwhatimpactsand

howitcouldbereduced?

Sustainability: Howlongthisoptioncouldbesustainedifimplemented? Whatstepscouldmakethisoptionmoresustainable?

Example10:ImpactAnalysisofOptions

Option Purpose Alternative Political/Social Technical/Financial Environmental Sustainability

Constructionofsubmersibleembankment

Reducefloodvulnerability

Protectionofricefromwaterlogging

ReclaimlandforAmanrice

Constructsluicegateontheriver

Govt.assistancefordredgingequipments

Formlocalcommittee

Discusswithlocalchairmanandmembers

Usedredgingmachineforexcavation

FinancialassistancefromGovt.anddonors

Plantationontheslopeofembankment

Reducewaterloggingproblem

Constructionofsubmersibleembankmentforcropsecurityflowandlesssiltation.

AlternativesiteselectionforthesatellitehealthclinicsandEPIcentres

Ensurecontinuedimmunizationprogram/healthservices.

Reducehealthhazards

ProvisionsoffloatinghealthclinicsandEPIcentres(inBoats)ifnofloodfreeroomisavailable.

UDMCsassistanceforalternativesiteselectionandtocommunicatewiththegeneralpeople/community.

Nosuchtechnicalsupportisneeded

Financialassistancefromgovt./donor/community.

Reducehealthhazardandensureenvironmentconducivetohealth.

InvolvementofUDMCwillensuretheavailabilityofalternativeroomsforcontinuoushealthservices.

Output: Impactanalysisof5priorityoptions. Activity 9: Options Implementation Strategy selection in Final Plenary including

alternative options

Objective: To build consensus among the participants on proposed options andimplementationstrategy.

t Time: 45Hours. Materials: Meter scale, marker, note pad, pen, prepared posters, brown paper,

displayboard, fluidpen, flipchart,SocialMapdeveloped inPreCRAstage(Task4)

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" Method: Discussions, exchange of views, display of posters and opendiscussions.

Preparation:Facilitatorsshouldtakepreparationonfollowingaspects: Invite secondary stakeholders (includingUpazilaLocalGovernment and specially

the representatives from line agencies e.g. agriculture officer, fisheries officer, etc.dependingonthetypeofoptionsidentifiedasmanagementpriority)

Writethecompiledfindingsfromallgroupsonposterssothattheycanbedisplayed.Prepare thepostersusing largefontswithcolouredmarkerpensso thateverybodycanreadthemeasily.

Checkwhetherpostersaredisplayedinspecificlocationsbeforethesessionstarts. Checkwhetherallnecessarymaterialsaretakentothevenueintime. Prior to starting the session, ensure that at least 2 cofacilitators are available to

documenttheprocesses,discussionsandcommentsorsuggestionsthatariseduringthediscussions.

Prepare5copiesofoptionsimplementationformataspertheAnnex20. DisplaytheoutputmatrixforActivity11(impactanalysisofriskreductionoptions) Checkwhetherallnecessarymaterialsaretakentothevenue.

9 Processes:1. Attheoutset,theFacilitatorwillexplaintheactivitiestobecarriedoutinthissession

totheparticipants.2. Facilitatorexplainsthefindingsofallthesessionsconductedoverthelastfewdays

and all the preparatory works to the participants (primary and secondarystakeholders)sothattheycanunderstandwhatactivitieshavebeendonesofarandwhatactivitiestobecarriedout.

3. Thefacilitatorthenhelpsdividingtheparticipantsbothsecondaryandprimaryintothreedifferentgroups.Identifyoneparticipantfromeachgrouptoreadoutallthepostersdisplayed.The facilitatorshouldbecareful toensure that theparticipantsconcentrateondisplayedpostersandclearlyunderstandthecontents.

4. Showthemasampleformat(Annex20).5. Citeanexamplerelatedtoimplementationstrategyformatsothattheycanfillthe

formatproperlyingroupandreferthelistofthepriorityriskidentifiedinactivity#06.

6. The participants in group work will locate proposed inte