transcription chapter 25. objectives understand the process of transcription recognize the role of...

Transcript ion Chapter 25

Upload: anna-osborne

Post on 18-Jan-2016

215 views

Category:

Documents

1 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

TranscriptionChapter 25

Objectives Understand the process of transcription

Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase

Recognize the significance of promoter and terminator regions of DNA

Explain how transcribed RNA is modified prior to exiting the nucleus. Understand the significance of this process

Page 3: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Transcription Consists of three stages

Initiation: attachment of RNA Polymerase to the promotor region on DNA

Elongation: building of the mRNA from the 3’ end of the DNA

Termination: release of RNA polymerase and mRNA following transcription of the terminator region of the DNA

Page 4: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Page 5: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Initiation

Genes on the DNA begin with a promoter region -- a sequence of A & T (TATA box)

Transcription initiation complex: transcription factors & RNA polymerase are bound to the promoter region on the DNA

Page 6: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Page 7: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Elongation Termination Once initiation is complete

the 2 strands of the DNA unwindto be copied into mRNA

RNA polymerase builds a mRNA strand complimentary to the DNA

Once the RNA Polymerase (Transcriptase) is done copying, the DNA strands zips back up to form their double helix

When the RNA Polymerase reaches the terminator region of the DNA, it lets go and releases the mRNA

The transcribed termination sequence on the mRNA is AAUAAA

Page 8: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Transcribed mRNA (pre-mRNA) must be modified before leaving the nucleus

There are special “dividers” in the mRNA that need to be cut out. They are not part of the genetic information, just organizers.

Modification of mRNA

Page 9: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Transcribed mRNA is too long and is shortened before it leaves the nucleus by a special cutting process

Exons are segments of the pre-mRNA that contain genetic information that will be create proteins

Introns are just divisions between the EXONS

Further Modifications

Page 10: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

How is this done?

Spliceosomes remove introns while connecting exons together

Ribozymes also help catalyze the removal of introns from mRNA

Page 11: Transcription Chapter 25. Objectives Understand the process of transcription Recognize the role of RNA Polymerase Recognize the significance of

Why bother with introns?

Introns may regulate gene activity and the passage of mRNA into the cytoplasm

Genes may play roles in multiple proteins, introns may enable a gene to be diverse in function

May increase recombination of genetic material (easier to cut and paste)

Figure 6-16. Initiation of transcription of a eucaryotic gene by RNA polymerase II. To begin transcription, RNA polymerase requires a number of general

Determining the Rate of Transcription of T7 RNA Polymerase

GreA and GreB enhance Escherichia coli RNA polymerase ... · 1 GreA and GreB enhance Escherichia coli RNA polymerase transcription rate in a reconstituted transcription-translation

Chapter 31 Transcription and RNA processingpersonal.tcu.edu/yryu/50133/Transcription.pdf · Transcription and RNA processing. RNA polymerase (RNAP) ... Posttranscriptional processing

Arrest of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription by the

K1 Basic principles of transcription K1 Basic principles of transcription K2 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase K2 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase K3 The

Active transcription and essential role of RNA polymerase

Inhibition of RNA Polymerase I Transcription in ...cgd.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/11/1/63.pdfInhibition of RNA Polymerase I Transcription in Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Transcription by RNA polymerase II: initiator-directed formation

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ...icmr.nic.in/ijmr/2015/october/1015.pdf · Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for identification

Transcription and Translation - Semantic Scholar...signals transcription start site • Transcription Factors = proteins that attract the RNA polymerase and regulate • RNA Polymerase

Potentiation of RNA polymerase II transcription by GaI4-VP16 ...genesdev.cshlp.org/content/7/9/1779.full.pdfPotentiation of RNA polymerase II transcription by GaI4-VP16 during but

Analytical Variables of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase ... · Analytical Variables of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Detection of Disseminated Prostate Cancer

Polymerase Subunit Homology among Cyanobacteria, Other ... · polymerase core P'PYa2 wasunable to initiate transcription TABLE 1. Subunit molecularweights ofcyanobacterial RNApolymerases

Transcription par une ARN Polymerase: mesures de forces à

mTERF8, a Member of the Mitochondrial Transcription … · Transcription analysis using the in vitro T7 RNA polymerase 58 system showed that mTERF8 terminates psbJ transcription

RNA Folding during Transcription by T7 RNA Polymerase … · 2008. 1. 6. · RNA Folding during Transcription by T7 RNA Polymerase Analyzed Using the Self-cleaving Transcript Assay+

Section M – Transcription in eukaryotes. M1 The three RNA polymerases: characterization and function Eukaryotic RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase subunits,

First-in-Human RNA Polymerase I Transcription …...2019/05/15 · 1 First-in-Human RNA Polymerase I Transcription Inhibitor CX-5461 in Patients with Advanced Hematological Cancers:

(Bustin 2000 - Gene- · PDF fileAbsolute quantiﬁcation of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain ... The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

TRANSCRIPTION Structures of the RNA polymerase-s · TRANSCRIPTION Structures of the RNA polymerase-s54 reveal newand conserved regulatorystrategies Yun Yang,1,4* Vidya C. Darbari,

Transcription *RNA polymerase (from E. coli ) 2 ’ Core Sigma factor Holoenzyme

The role of the transcription elongation factor SPT4-SPT5 ... Dürr Dissertation.pdf · 1.1 Initiation of transcription..... 3 1.2 Transcription by RNA Polymerase II..... 3 Initiation

RNA polymerase III-specific general transcription factor IIIC contains

Chapte r 9 Transcription. 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase 9.3 The transcription reaction has three stages 9.4 A stalled

Structural Basis of Transcription: RNA Polymerase II at 2

Transcription by Polymerase II in Drosophila

Transcription - WordPress.com...•Eukaryotic transcription initiation must deal with the packing of DNA into nucleosomes •While bacterial RNA polymerase is able to initiate transcription

Translesion DNA Polymerase eta functions in transcription

RNA polymerase and the transcription cycle The

The Transcription Bubble of the RNA Polymerase–Promoter … · 2014. 9. 2. · The Transcription Bubble of the RNA Polymerase–Promoter Open Complex Exhibits Conformational Heterogeneity

RNA Polymerase binding *Constitutive or basal level transcription

A cell cycle-coordinated Polymerase II transcription ... · ARTICLE A cell cycle-coordinated Polymerase II transcription compartment encompasses gene expression before global genome

Review of Protein Functions. Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is divided into two phases: TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION Transcription A.RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase and transcription elongation factor … · RNA polymerase and transcription elongation factor Spt4/5 ... in all three domains of life and ... unify basic transcription