transitioning from mdgs to sdgs - wordpress.com · 2016-12-02 · safely managed services:...

Safely managed services: transitioning from MDGs to SDGs

RWSN Forum, Abidjan

November 2016

Tom Slaymaker Rick Johnston Robert Bain

[email protected]

[email protected] [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Outline Time Topic Presenter

9:00-9:15 Global monitoring of SDG 6 Rick Johnston, WHO

9:15-10:00 Safely Managed Drinking Water and Sanitation Services

Tom Slaymaker, UNICEF Robert Bain, UNICEF

10.00-10:30 Discussion all

10:45-11:15 Coffee

11:15-12:00 Guidelines for Water Safety Planning and Sanitary Inspection in Rural Areas

Rick Johnston, WHO Fiorella Polo, UNICEF

12:00-12:30 Global monitoring of WASH in schools and healthcare facilities

Tom Slaymaker, UNICEF Rick Johnston, WHO

12:30-13:00 Discussion all

2

3

Global Monitoring of SDG targets for WASH

2030 Sustainable Development Agenda

4

17 Goals

169 targets

230 global indicators

Goal 6

6.1 Drinking

water 6.2

Sanitation and

hygiene

6.3 Water quality

6.4 Water

scarcity

6.5 Water

resource managem

ent

6.6 Eco-

systems

6.a International cooperation and capacity development

6.b Local

participation

Means of Implementation

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 6

6.1 Drinking

water 6.2

Sanitation and

hygiene

6.3 Water quality

6.4 Water

scarcity

6.5 Water

resource managem

ent

6.6 Eco-

systems

6.a International cooperation and capacity development

6.b Local

participation

Means of Implementation

Goal 6: Global monitoring initiatives

JMP

GLAAS

GEMI

6.1.1

6.2.1

6.a.1

6.3.1

6.3.2

6.4.1 6.4.2

6.5.1

6.5.2

6.6.1

6.b.1

Aspirational global targets

8

55. The Sustainable Development Goals and targets are integrated and indivisible, global in nature and universally applicable, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities. Targets are defined as aspirational and global, with each Government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances. Each Government will also decide how these aspirational and global targets should be incorporated into national planning processes, policies and strategies. It is important to recognize the link between sustainable development and other relevant ongoing processes in the economic, social and environmental fields.

Data flow for global reporting

9

SDG targets 'leave no one behind'

• SDG indicators to be disaggregated where relevant – income,

– sex,

– age,

– race,

– ethnicity,

– migratory status,

– disability and

– geographic location,

– or other characteristics

10

JMP timeline for global SDG baseline

Activity Date

1. Data request via UNICEF/WHO October – November 2016

2. Preliminary estimates November – December 2016

3. Country consultation January – March 2017

4. Final estimates March – June 2017

5. JMP global baseline report June 2017

6. UN SG SDG progress report July 2017

11

www.wssinfo.org/sdg-baselines

12

13

Target 6.1 Safely Managed Drinking Water Services

Target 6.1: Drinking water

By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

6.1.1: Population using safely managed drinking water services

Definition: Pop. using an improved drinking water source which is:

• located on premises,

• available when needed, and

• free of faecal and priority chemical contamination (E. coli/thermotolerant coliforms, arsenic, fluoride)

14

Accessibility

Quality

Availability

MDG/SDG Service ladder Progressive realization

SDG 6.1

Safely managed drinking water

services

Improved source located on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination

Basic service Improved source within 30 minutes round trip collection time

Limited service Improved source over 30 minutes round trip collection time

Unimproved Unimproved source does not protect against contamination

No service Surface water 15

P

rog

res

siv

e R

ea

lis

ati

on

Data sources Criterion Household Surveys Regulatory data

Accessibility Whether or not the main water

source is on premises

Travel time (or distance)

Household connections

(piped supplies)

Maximum distance/

travel time

Availability Availability from main source

In the last month, has there

been any time when you have

been unable to get sufficient

water when needed?

Continuity of (piped)

supplies

Hours of service

Quality Water quality testing at the source

and in the household

Compliance with

national norms

Risk management

16

Accessibility

Household surveys and censuses • On premises (piped water)

• Travel time (or distance)

• Within 30 minutes for basic service

Regulatory data • Household connections

(piped water)

17

Availability

• Household surveys and censuses • Continuity (hours of service) of

piped water supplies

• In the last month, have you been unable to get water from your main drinking water source?

• Regulatory data • Continuity of piped supplies

• Different benchmarks (24/7, 20, 18, 12 hours per day)

18

Quality

• E. coli/thermotolerant coliforms, arsenic, fluoride

• Household surveys and censuses

– New module to test E. coli in household surveys

• Regulatory data

– Many for only formal systems, mainly urban

– Some lack E. coli or thermotolerant coliforms

– Many lack arsenic and fluoride

19

Water Quality Module Experiences

20

Bangladesh (MICS) Ecuador Lebanon Nepal (MICS) Pakistan (MICS) Paraguay (MICS)

Bangladesh global MICS5 pilot

Belize field test

Water quality module has now been included in 11 countries, five in Africa:

Congo (MICS)

Cote d’Ivoire (MICS)

Ethiopia

Ghana

Nigeria (MICS)

10+ more in planning

MICS Paraguay, 2016

21

What to measure?

Top priority is faecal contamination – Source and household

– E. coli testing

– Grow bacteria

22

Not contaminated (“clean”)

Heavily contaminated

Water testing supplies

23

Most items are available from UNICEF Supply Division: • Allow 2-3 months for

delivery

Local procurement needed including for • Hand sanitiser • Marker pen

Optional electric incubator

Resources + support

Resources

Manual for water quality

Questionnaire

Training materials

Global experts for training

Tabulation plan/syntax

Further analysis

24

Water sources can be contaminated

• Intermittent water supply, leaking distribution systems

• Infiltration of surface water into wells

• Leaks in septic tanks and latrine pits

• Agricultural runoff containing chemicals or microbiological contamination

Households can contaminate water

• Touching the water during collection

• Collecting water from the source in dirty containers

• Storing the water at home in open/dirty containers

• Touching the water at home with dirty utensils or hands

Improved sources are designed to protect against contamination, especially fecal contamination, and are less likely to be contaminated than unimproved sources

Improved is not always safe

Improved is not always safe

27

28

Example of Safely Managed Drinking Water

29

Target 6.2 Safely Managed Sanitation and

Hygiene

Target 6.2: Sanitation and hygiene

By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

6.2.1: Population using safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility with soap and water

Definition: Pop. using an improved sanitation facility which is:

• not shared with other households and where

• excreta are safely disposed in situ or

• transported and treated off-site

30

Accessibility

Quality

31

Service ladder Progressive realization

SDG 6.2 Safely managed

sanitation services

Private improved facility where faecal wastes are safely disposed on site or transported and treated off-site

Basic service Private improved facility which separates excreta from human contact

Limited service Improved facility shared with other households

Unimproved Unimproved facility does not separate excreta from human contact

No service Open defecation P

rog

res

siv

e R

ea

lis

ati

on

32

From basic to safely managed sanitation

Example of Safely Managed Sanitation

Universal basic sanitation by 2030

34

1280

946

909

798

277 638

2852

4936

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Po

pu

lation

by s

an

ita

tio

n fa

cili

ty (

tho

usa

nd

s)

Open defecation Other unimproved Shared Improved

201

5

201

6

201

7

201

8

201

9

202

0

202

1

202

2

202

3

202

4

202

5

202

6

202

7

202

8

202

9

203

0

Universal basic An estimated 3.5 billion people need to gain access between 2015 and 2030 (8.4 billion globally)

1990 2015 2030

SDG global indicator on hygiene

By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

Hygiene is the conditions and practices that help maintain health and prevent spread of disease, including handwashing, menstrual hygiene management and food hygiene

(JMP hygiene working group)

SDG global indicator 6.2.1

Population using safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility with soap and water

35

JMP handwashing ladder

37

Discussion: implications for rural service provision

• Drinking water – Accessibility: On premises vs within 30 minutes

– Availability: available when needed

– Quality: faecal contamination, arsenic, fluoride

• Sanitation – Emptying of latrines

– Faecal sludge management

• Hygiene – Handwashing with soap and water

Coffee

38

Outline Time Topic Presenter

9:00-9:15 Global monitoring of SDG 6 Rick Johnston, WHO

9:15-10:00 Safely Managed Drinking Water and Sanitation Services

Tom Slaymaker, UNICEF Robert Bain, UNICEF

10.00-10:30 Discussion all

10:45-11:15 Coffee

11:15-12:00 Guidelines for Water Safety Planning and Sanitary Inspection in Rural Areas

Rick Johnston, WHO Fiorella Polo, UNICEF

12:00-12:30 Global monitoring of WASH in schools and healthcare facilities

Tom Slaymaker, UNICEF Rick Johnston, WHO

12:30-13:00 Discussion all

39

40

Water Safety Planning and Sanitary Inspections

in Rural Areas

Water Safety Programming

• Joint advocacy to make water safety a priority

• Water safety frameworks

• Capacity building for regulators and operators to switch to risk management approaches

• Behaviour change programmes at community level

41

Strategic advocacy to shift government and sector priority

42

Entry points

• SDG planning processes in country

• SWA High Level Meetings and country dialogue

Joint voices

• Government, development partners, NGOs, private sector

Water safety frameworks

43

Health-based targets

Water safety planning

Surveillance

Public health contexts

Managing risks is more cost-effective than treating

Risk management

Risks Control/

preventive barriers

Water safety

Should I wait until

an accident happens?

Water safety planning identifies barriers to risks and aims at concrete implementation

Step 1: Engage stakeholders

Step 2: Describe water

systems

Step 3: Identify and rank hazards,

risks, control measures

Step 4: Develop and implement

incremental WS plans

Step 5: Monitor control measures

and effectiveness of plans

Step 6: Review

WS plans

Adapted from WHO guidance

Steps for small

systems

In small systems sanitary inspections can be used as a simplified risk assessment tool


Step 2: Describe water

systems



Step 4: Develop and implement

incremental WS plans

Step 5: Monitor control measures

and effectiveness of plans

Step 6: Review

WS plans

Adapted from WHO guidance

Steps for small

systems

Sanitary inspections

In community managed systems, barriers’ implementation requires behaviour change

Catchment

Source

Consumer

Barriers

HWTS can be a ‘last

mile’ barrier

We can build on lessons learnt from behaviour change programmes like CLTS…


Step 2: Describe water systems



Step 4b: Implement WS

plans

Step 5: Monitor control

measures and effectiveness of

plans

Step 6a: Review

WS plans

Step 4a: Develop incremental WS

plans Post-

Triggering

WS

Ce

rtif

icat

ion

Step 6c: Upgrades that require

external support

Visual tools leveraging emotions

RWSN Forum

Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality:

Small Water Supplies

An Update

Rick Johnston

Jen DeFrance

2 December 2016

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

Need to update the Community

Supplies Guideline

2nd ed, 1993

• Volume 3 (1997): Surveillance and Control of Community Supplies

• Sanitary Inspections (SIs)

3rd ed, 2004

• Framework for Safe Drinking Water introduced

• Shift to risk-management approaches

• Water Safety Plans (WSPs)

Since then

• 4th ed, 2011

• Additional experience with managing small water supply systems, including Sanitary Inspection forms

Risk Assessment/

Risk Management

WSPs and (SIs)

Health-based targets

Surveillance

Public health context

and health outcomes

WHO’s Framework for Safe Drinking-water

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality:

Surveillance & Control of Community Supplies

The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety

of a drinking-water supply. “

”

A comprehensive risk assessment and risk

management approach that includes all

steps in the water supply from catchment to

consumer

WATER

SAFETY

PLAN:

Key definition:

WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

Small Water Supplies Guideline:

Activities to Date

Gap analysis of the Guideline and consultations with experts and stakeholders (2009+)

Updated structure and table of contents of the Guideline (2014)

First draft of updated Guideline (2015)

Literature review and expert interviews on SI forms (2015)

Revision of SI forms and second draft of guideline initiated (2016)

Small Water Supplies Guideline

54

Part 1:

Policy Framework

Part 2:

Field Guide

Purpose Provides the

overarching policy

framework for

managing small

water supplies

Support surveillance

activities (WSPs, SIs

and water quality

testing)

Target

Audience

Decision makers/

planners/managers

at various levels of

government

Field workers

undertaking water

quality surveillance

activities


55

Part 1: Policy Framework

1 Introduction

2 Policies and regulations

3 Standards and guidelines

4 Water Safety Plans

5 Technical interventions

6 Surveillance

7 Using information and taking action


56

Part 2: Field Guide

1 Introduction

2 Considerations for field workers

3 Procedures for field work visits and record keeping

4-5 Review of WSP process & SIs

6-7 Water sampling and analysis and QC

8-9 Interpretation of findings and reporting

10 Using surveillance data


57

Part 2: Field Guide

1 Introduction

2 Considerations for field workers

3 Procedures for field work visits and record keeping

4-5 Review of WSP process & SIs

6-7 Water sampling and analysis and QC

8-9 Interpretation of findings and reporting

10 Using surveillance data

Annexes: examples of small water supply inventory

forms, SI forms, etc.

Small Water Supplies Guideline and

Sanitary Inspection Forms

• SI forms continue to be a

useful tool in their own right to

identify hazardous events and

prioritize management actions

– for both the individual supply

and surveillance agency

• SI forms can be a useful tool

to support WSPs, in particular

to identify hazardous events to

inform risk assessment

Revision of SI forms

• Needs to be informed by evidence base, practical

experience, new technologies/construction materials, etc.

• Can SI forms be updated to better align with WSPs? – Standard ‘Yes’ / ‘No’ method of scoring assumes equal weighting of each

hazardous event while within WSPs each hazardous event should be

ranked (e.g. high, medium, low)

• Can SI forms be made more useful?

• Improve graphics – Figures in earlier WHO guidance (1976) provided more technical detail

Need to ensure SI forms remain to be simple, brief and serve both

surveillance authorities and water suppliers

Revision of SI forms: Evidence Base Review

Method: Literature reviews + expert interviews

Aims: To address and analyse the evidence related to

• experiences, practices, reported benefits and

challenges with SIs

• scientific validity of the questions covered by the SI

forms to support prioritization of hazardous events

• experience with use of SI forms in the current Guideline

versus nationally/locally adapted ones

• any experiences with use of SIs as part of water safety

plans (WSPs)

Part 1:

Technology

fact sheet

• Diagram + description of key elements and protective features

• Drawing depicting risk factors?

Part 2:

SI form

• Yes/No section

• Modify questions and add/delete questions based on review

• Option to assign a risk grade (low, med, high)?

Part 3:

Explanatory

notes

• To support answering the SI questions

Part 4:

Management

advice

• To support remedial actions associated with each question

Revised SI Package

Example SI Form: Assessment

Sanitary inspection questions

(Rainwater Harvesting) Yes No

Is there any visible contamination of the roof

catchment area (plants, dirt, or excreta)?

Water quality is at risk if the roof catchment is unclean.

Water may be contaminated before entering the storage

tank, or contaminants present on the catchment could be

washed into the tank.

☐ ☐

Are the guttering channels that collect water dirty?

Unclean gutters can contaminate the water or introduce dirt

into the storage tank in the same way the roof can.

☐ ☐

Example SI Form: Assessment

Sanitary inspection questions

(Rainwater Harvesting) Yes No

Complete this portion

only for questions

answered ‘YES’.

Grade the risk by

placing a tick over Low,

Medium or High.

Is there any visible contamination of the roof

catchment area (plants, dirt, or excreta)?

Water quality is at risk if the roof catchment is unclean.

Water may be contaminated before entering the storage

tank, or contaminants present on the catchment could be

washed into the tank.

☐ ☐ Low Medium High



into the storage tank in the same way the roof can.

☐ ☐ Low Medium High

Total number of risks

YES LOW MED HIGH

Number of risks Score

LOW X 1 =

MED X 3 =

HIGH X 5 =

YES RISK SCORE =



into the storage tank in the same way the roof can. ☐ Low Medium High

SI form package and Guidelines: Next steps

• Finalize SI package for 3-4 technologies (Q1 2017)

– rainwater harvesting, covered dug-well with handpump,

protected spring source and household storage

• Pilot SI package (Q1 2017)

• Draft updated Guideline (Q1 2017)

• Revise SI package for selected technologies and

develop for other technologies

• Adapt to digital platform?

• Peer review

• Finalize Guideline 2018

Feedback

• Feedback on SI Package

• Feedback on SI form format

–Feasibility of assessing the risk for each individual

question?

–Need for overall risk score?

Looking for volunteers to pilot SI form package and

peer reviewers of Guideline including SI form package

Discussion

• Experiences with sanitary inspections

–What has worked well (or not)?

–How do they link to action?

68

Monitoring WASH in Schools and Healthcare

facilities in the SDGs

WASH in Institutions in the SDGs

Target 6.1: achieve universal and equitable access to safe and

affordable drinking water for all

Target 6.2: achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in

vulnerable situations Universal and for all imply all exposures and settings including households, schools, health facilities, workplaces, etc.

Target 4.a: proportion of schools with access to basic WASH services

Basic services

Schools Health care facilities

Basic water

Basic sanitation

Basic hygiene

Basic waste management

70

WASH in Schools in the SDGs

Targets 6.1, 6.2

Universal and for all imply all exposures and settings including households, schools, health facilities, workplaces, etc.

Target 4.a Indicator:

‘Proportion of schools with access to:…

(e) basic drinking water;

(f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and

(g) basic handwashing facilities

(as per the WASH indicator definitions)’

Indicator Definitions of Basic Service

Basic drinking water

Drinking water from an improved source is available at the school

Basic sanitation

Improved facilities, which are sex-separated and usable (accessible, functional, prviate) at the school

Basic handwashing

Handwashing facility with water and soap available to students

Basic service

Drinking water from an improved source

is available at the school

No service

No water source or unimproved source

(unprotected well/spring, tanker-truck

surface water source)

Basic service

Improved facilities, which are single-sex

and usable at the school

No service

No toilets or latrines, or unimproved

facilities (pit latrines without a slab or

platform, hanging latrines, bucket

latrines)

Basic service

Handwashing facility with water and soap

available to students

Limited service

Handwashing facility with water, but no

soap

No service

No handwashing facilities at the school or

handwashing facilities with no water

Drinking water Sanitation Hygiene

Limited service

There is an improved source (piped water,

protected well/spring, rainwater, bottled

water), but water not available at time of

survey

Limited service

There are improved facilities (flush/pour

flush, pit latrine with slab, composting

toilet), but not sex-separated or not

usable

Service ladders allow for progressive realization SD

G T

arge

t

Basic service

Drinking water from an improved source

is available at the school

No service

No water source or unimproved source

(unprotected well/spring, tanker-truck

surface water source)

Basic service

Improved facilities, which are single-sex

and usable at the school

No service

No toilets or latrines, or unimproved

facilities (pit latrines without a slab or

platform, hanging latrines, bucket

latrines)

Basic service

Handwashing facility with water and soap

available to students

Limited service

Handwashing facility with water, but no

soap

No service

No handwashing facilities at the school or

handwashing facilities with no water

Drinking water Sanitation Hygiene

Limited service

There is an improved source (piped water,

protected well/spring, rainwater, bottled

water), but water not available at time of

survey

Limited service

There are improved facilities (flush/pour

flush, pit latrine with slab, composting

toilet), but not sex-separated or not

usable

Advanced service

May include: water is available when

needed, accessible to all, and free from

faecal and priority chemical

contamination based on water quality

testing

(to be defined at national level)

Advanced service

May include: facilities are accessible to

all, of sufficient quantity, inspected for

cleanliness & appropriate facilities for

menstrual hygiene management are

provided


Advanced service

May include: handwashing facilities

available at critical times and accessible

to all; menstrual hygiene education and

products provided


Service ladders allow for progressive realization and more ambition SD

G T

arge

t

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