translation strategies pragmatic chesterman

8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman

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pragmatic strategies

1. cultural filtering

2. explicitness change

3. information change

4. interpersonal change5. illocutionary change

6. coherence change

7. partial translation

8. visibility change9. transediting

10. other pragmatic changes


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Pragmatic translation problems result from the contrast

between ST situation and the TT communicative situation.

Culture-bound terms, references to place and time, proper

names, addressee specifications are examples of this type.

Pragmatic strategies tend to involve bigger changes from the

ST, and typically incorporate syntactic and/or semantic

changes as well.

If syntactic strategies manipulate form, and semantic

strategies manipulate meaning, pragmatic strategies can besaid to manipulate the message itself. These strategies are

often the result of a translator's global decisions concerning

the appropriate way to translate the text as a whole.


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The decision on the most appropriate translation strategy in

the case of the pragmatic translation problems depends on

the purpose of the TT

Is a documentary or an instrumental translationnecessary?

Is the text to convey an "exotic" flavour of the

source culture?

the knowledge of the addressees

Are the addressees familiar with the source culture

or not?

situational aspectsWhen and where will the TT be used?

Will the addressees receive the TT in the target culture

or in the source culture?


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cultural filtering

naturalization, domestication or adaptation

it describes the way in which SL items, particularly culture-

specific items, are translated as TL cultural or functional

equivalents, so that they conform to TL norms.

exoticization, foreignization or estrangement

the opposite procedure, whereby such items are not

adapted in this way but e.g. borrowed or transferreddirectly


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explicitness change

explicitation or implicitation

explicitation is one of the most common translatorial

strategiestranslators add components explicitly in the TT which are

only implicit in the ST

implicitationbearing in mind what the readers can be reasonably

expected to infer, the translator leaves some elements of

the message implicit.


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information change

the addition of new (non-inferrable) information which is

deemed to be relevant to the TT readership but which is

not present in the ST, or the omission of ST information

deemed to be irrelevant (this latter might involvesummarizing, for instance).

Omission is the opposite process. Omitted information in

this sense cannot be subsequently inferred: it is this thatdistinguishes this strategy from that of implicitation.


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interpersonal change

This strategy operates at the level of the overall style: it

alters the formality level, the degree of emotiveness and

involvement, the level of technical lexis and the like:

anything that involves a change in the relationship between

text/author and reader.


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illocutionary change

changes of speech act

these changes often include obligatory changes at other

levels, such as the mood of the verb

the use of rhetorical questions and exclamations in text (toproduce a more dialogic text)

there can also be changes within particular classes of

speech acts. For example, within the class of acts known as

representatives (such as stating, telling, reporting), atranslator may choose to shift from direct to indirect

speech.


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coherence change

cohesion change - formal markers of textual cohesion

coherence change - logical arrangement of information in

the text, at the ideational level

rearranging, combining or splitting paragraphs or larger

sections of a text

relocation or dislocation


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partial translation

any kind of non-integral translation

summary translation, transcription, translation of the

sounds only

symbolist translations of literary texts

My heart leaps up when I behold

A rainbow in the sky (Wordsworth)

Mai hart lieb zapfen eibe hold

er reen bohr in sees kai (Jandl)


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visibility change

a change in the status of the authorial presence

overt intrusion or foregrounding of the translatorial

presence

translator's footnotes

bracketed comments (such as explanation of puns)

added glosses


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transediting

radical re-editing that translators have to do on badly

written original texts

drastic re-orderingrewriting


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other pragmatic changes

changes in the layout

choice of dialect

translation strategies pragmatic chesterman

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