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TRINIDAD & TOBAGO



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Contents 1

WHAT IS A DEVELOPED NATION ??

Trinidad and tobago.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 4

appendix 5

the end . 19



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WHAT IS A DEVELOPED NATION ??

The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in

which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate. Countries not fitting this definition may be referred

to as developing countries.

This level of economic development usually translates into a high income per capita and a high HumanDevelopment Index (HDI). Countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita often fit the above

description of a developed economy. However, anomalies exist when determining "developed" status by the factor

GDP per capita alone.

A developing country is a country which has an undeveloped or developing industrial base, and an inconsistent

varying human development index (HDI) score and per capita income, but is in a phase of economic development.

Usually all countries which are neither a developed country nor a failed state are classified as developing countries.

However, this is not true for all countries, as some 'developing countries' are far more developed than some

developed countries.



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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.



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THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

The achievement of developed country status has been an objective of the government of

Trinidad and Tobago for some years. Vision 2020 was a major national campaign to reach that

aim .And like any ambition, there has to have a way of knowing when it has been achieved .

It all comes down to something called the OECD DAC list. The OECD, the Organisation for

Economic Co-operation and Development, is an international economic organisation based in

Paris. It has 34 member countries, including the UK as well as most of the countries of the EU,Japan, Australia and North America. 2011The OECD, among other things, plays an important

role in co-ordinating the aid policies of the world’s biggest donor countries. This includes the

definition of which are actually developing countries – the so-called DAC list – that qualify for

aid money from the biggest donors, whether it’s the USA, Japan or major European countries.

In October 2011 the DAC list was updated. For the first time, Trinidad and Tobago is no longer

on that list, reflecting a sustained period of economic growth and relatively high per capita

income. This means that the premier international organisation that makes a judgement on such

matters considers TT to be a developed country. Of course, it would be simplistic to suggest that

being a developed country is the same as a country in which everyone has access to development.

All countries, whether officially regarded as developed or developing, are in a state of

development and change. This goes for the UK or Japan as much as for TT. And for some

purposes, being a developed country may seem a disadvantage – TT might no longer qualify for

certain types of aid or funding.

But there has to be a point in time when the consensus of opinion regards a change as havingtaken place. In the case of Trinidad and Tobago, that point was October of 2011 .



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APPENDIX

Trinidad and Tobago

Background:First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. Theislands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced withthe importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar productionas well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export.Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thankslargely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targetedfor expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.

Geography ::Trinidad and Tobago

Location:

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela

Geographic coordinates:

11 00 N, 61 00 W

Map references:Central America and the Caribbean

Area: total: 5,128 sq km

country comparison to the world: 174

land: 5,128 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than Delaware

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 362 km

Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin

Climate: tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Terrain: mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m



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highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, asphalt

Land use:

arable land: 14.62%

permanent crops: 9.16%

other: 76.22% (2005)

Irrigated land: 70 sq km (2008)

Total renewable water resources: 3.8 cu km (2000)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):total: 0.31 cu km/yr (68%/26%/6%)

per capita: 237 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards: outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical stormsEnvironment - current issues:

water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches;deforestation; soil erosion

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt

People and Society ::Trinidad and Tobago

Nationality: noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)

adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian

Ethnic groups: Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8%(2000 census)

Languages: English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese

Religions:

Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 25.8% (Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Seventh-DayAdventist 4%), Hindu 22.5%, Muslim 5.8%, other Christian 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none1.9% (2000 census)

Population: 1,227,505 (July 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 156Age structure:



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0-14 years: 19.5% (male 122,044/female 116,859)

15-64 years: 72.1% (male 455,148/female 429,990)

65 years and over: 8.4% (male 44,439/female 59,025) (2011 est.)

Median age:

total: 33.1 years

male: 32.6 years

female: 33.6 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate:-0.087% (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 204Birth rate: 14.35 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 142Death rate: 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)


Net migration rate: -6.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 202Urbanization:

urban population: 14% of total population (2010)

rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major cities - population: PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) 57,000 (2009)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.028 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Maternal mortality rate: 55 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)

country comparison to the world: 95Infant mortality rate:

total: 27.69 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 28.93 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 26.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 71.37 years


male: 68.51 years



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female: 74.3 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.72 children born/woman (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165Health expenditures: 5.6% of GDP (2009)

country comparison to the world: 122Physicians density: 1.175 physicians/1,000 population (2007)

country comparison to the world: 95Hospital bed density: 2.5 beds/1,000 population (2008)


Drinking water source:

improved:

urban: 98% of population

rural: 93% of population

total: 34% of populationunimproved:



total: 6% of population (2008)

Sanitation facility access:

improved:



total: 92% of population

unimproved:



total: 8% of population (2008)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 1.5% (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 35HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 15,000 (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 85HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 4.4% (2000)

country comparison to the world: 87Education expenditures:NA

Literacy:



10

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration;accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003)

head of government: Prime Minister Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 26 May 2010)cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament

elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate andHouse of Representatives, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11February 2008 (next to be held by February 2013); the president usually appoints as prime minister theleader of the majority party in the House of Representatives

election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA

Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by theruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party to serve a maximum term of five years) and theHouse of Representatives (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held on 24 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - NA; seats by party - UNC 21, PNM 12,COP 6, TOP 2

note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms; lastelection held in January 2005; seats by party - PNM 11, DAC 1

Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and theleader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial andLegal Service Commission); the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London; member of the

Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)

Political parties and leaders: Congress of the People or COP [Winston DOOKERAN]; DemocraticAction Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago); Democratic National Alliance orDNA [Gerald YETMING] (coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND); Movement for National Development orMND [Garvin NICHOLAS]; National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Dr. Carson CHARLES];People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Tobago Organization of the People or TOP[Ashworth JACK]; United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]

Political pressure groups and leaders: Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]

International organization participation: ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB,IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO,ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:



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chief of mission: Ambassador Neil PARSAN

chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490

FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130

consulate(s) general: Miami, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Beatrice W. WELTERS

embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain

mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port of Spain

telephone: [1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376

FAX: [1] (868) 822-5905

Flag description:

red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side; the colorsrepresent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black stands for the wealth of the land and the dedicationof the people; white symbolizes the sea surrounding the islands, the purity of the country's aspirations,and equality; red symbolizes the warmth and energy of the sun, the vitality of the land, and the courageand friendliness of its people

National symbol(s): scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad); cocrico (bird of Tobago)

National anthem:

name: "Forged From the Love of Liberty"

lyrics/music: Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE

note: adopted 1962; the song was originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation;it was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962

Economy ::Trinidad and Tobago

Economy - overview:Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businessesand has one of the highest growth rates and per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growthbetween 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8%, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7%for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then and contracted about 3.5% in 2009,before rising more than 2% in 2010. Growth has been fueled by investments in liquefied natural gas(LNG), petrochemicals, and steel. Additional petrochemical, aluminum, and plastics projects are invarious stages of planning. Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its



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economy is heavily dependent upon these resources but it also supplies manufactured goods, notably foodproducts and beverages, as well as cement to the Caribbean region. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports, but only 5% of employment. The country is also a regional financial center, andtourism is a growing sector, although it is not as important domestically as it is to many other Caribbeanislands. The economy benefits from a growing trade surplus. The previous MANNING administrationbenefited from fiscal surpluses fueled by the dynamic export sector; however, declines in oil and gas

prices have reduced government revenues which will challenge the new government's commitment tomaintaining high levels of public investment.

GDP (purchasing power parity): $26.1 billion (2010 est.)


note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate): $20.59 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: 0% (2010 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP): $21,200 (2010 est.)


note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 0.4%

industry: 58.8%

services: 40.8% (2010 est.)

Labor force: 634,300 (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 152Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 3.8%

manufacturing, mining, and quarrying: 12.8%

construction and utilities: 20.4%

services: 62.9% (2007 est.)

Unemployment rate: 6.4% (2010 est.)


Population below poverty line: 17% (2007 est.)Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%:NA% ,,highest 10%: NA%

Investment (gross fixed): 11.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 180Budget:

revenues: $6.6 billion



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expenditures: $7.199 billion (2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:

32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)


Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):-2.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 95Public debt: 29.8% of GDP (2010 est.)


Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.5% (2010 est.)


Central bank discount rate: 4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate: 9.3% (31 December 2010 est.)


Stock of narrow money: $4.577 billion (31 December 2010 est.)


Stock of broad money: $13.94 billion (31 December 2010 est.)


Stock of domestic credit: $5.75 billion (31 December 2010 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares: $12.16 billion (31 December 2010)


Agriculture - products: cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry

Industries: petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea,steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles

Industrial production growth rate: 2.5% (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 123Electricity - production: 7.419 billion kWh (2008 est.)


Electricity - consumption: 7.246 billion kWh (2008 est.)country comparison to the world: 97Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production: 144,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 47Oil - consumption: 41,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)



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country comparison to the world: 106Oil - exports: 242,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48Oil - imports: 95,240 bbl/day (2009 est.)


Oil - proved reserves: 728.3 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42Natural gas - production: 42.38 billion cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21Natural gas - consumption: 21.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32Natural gas - exports: 20.41 billion cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 187Natural gas - proved reserves: 408.2 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32Current account balance:

$3.944 billion (2010 est.)


$1.614 billion (2009 est.)

Exports: $12.72 billion (2010 est.)


$9.175 billion (2009 est.)Exports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol,ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus fruit,vegetables, flowers

Exports - partners: US 44.2%, Spain 6.1%, Jamaica 5.1% (2010)

Imports: $8.187 billion (2010 est.)


$6.973 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities: mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufacturedgoods, food, chemicals, live animals

Imports - partners: US 27.8%, Russia 11.5%, Brazil 7.8%, Colombia 6.9%, Gabon 4.3%, China 4.2%,Canada 4.2% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $9.659 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 72 $9.246 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external: $4.289 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 120 $3.857 billion (31 December 2009 est.)



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Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $102 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33 $12.44 billion (2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $3.829 billion (2007)


Exchange rates:

Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -

6.3337 (2010)

6.3099 (2009)

6.2896 (2008)

6.3275 (2007)

6.3107 (2006)

Communications ::Trinidad and Tobago

Telephones - main lines in use: 293,300 (2010)


Telephones - mobile cellular: 1.894 million (2010)


Telephone system:

general assessment: excellent international service; good local service

domestic: mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 185 telephones per 100 persons

international: country code - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US and parts of theCaribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter toBarbados and Guyana

Broadcast media:5 TV networks each broadcasting on multiple stations; one of the networks is state-owned; multiple cableTV subscription service providers; multiple radio networks, one state-owned, broadcast over about 35stations (2007)

Internet country code: .tt

Internet hosts: 168,876 (2010)



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country comparison to the world: 68Internet users: 593,000 (2009)


Transportation ::Trinidad and Tobago

Airports:

6 (2010)

country comparison to the world: 176Airports - with paved runways: total: 3,

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 3914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 2 (2010)

Pipelines: gas 671 km; oil 334 km (2010)

Roadways:

total: 8,320 km


paved: 4,252 km

unpaved: 4,068 km (2001)

Merchant marine:

total: 6


by type: passenger 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1

registered in other countries: 2 (Bahamas 1, unknown 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals: Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Scarborough

oil terminals: Galeota Point terminal

Military

Military branches: Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Army, CoastGuard, Air Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (2010)

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age withparental consent); no conscription (2010)

Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 341,764, females age 16-49: 317,899(2010 est.)



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Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 269,824

females age 16-49: 261,735 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 8,164

female: 7,503 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures: 0.3% of GDP (2006)


Transnational Issues: :Trinidad and Tobago

Disputes - international:

Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decisiondelimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusiveeconomic zone; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory internationalarbitration under UNCLOS challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's andVenezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention toinclude itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may extend intoits waters as well

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Current government officials

Member of Commonwealth of Nations

Languages: English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese

Ethnicity/race: Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8%(2000)

Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Anglican 8%, Baptist 7%, Pentecostal 7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4%,other Christian 6%, Hindu 22%, Islam 6%, none 2%

Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $28.41 billion; per capita $23,100. Real growth rate: –3.5%. Inflation: 7.6%. Unemployment: 7.5%. Arable land: 15%. Agriculture: cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee,vegetables; poultry. Labor force: 615,000; construction and utilities 17.5%, manufacturing, mining, andquarrying 12.9%, agriculture 4%, services 65.6% (2006 est.). Industries: petroleum, chemicals, tourism,food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas,asphalt. Exports: $10.64 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel



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products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers. Imports: $7.449 billion (2009 est.): machinery,transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals. Major trading partners: U.S.,Jamaica, France, Venezuela, Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy (2004).

Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 252,000 (1999); mobile cellular: 17,411 (1997). Radiobroadcast stations: AM 2, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998). Radios: 680,000 (1997). Television broadcast

stations: 4 (1997). Televisions: 425,000 (1997). Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 17 (2000). Internetusers: 120,000 (2002).

Transportation: Railways: minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service wasdiscontinued in 1968 (2001). Highways: total: 8,320 km; paved: 4,252 km; unpaved: 4,068 km (1999est.). Ports and harbors: Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough,Tembladora. Airports: 6 (2002).



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THE END .

CREATED AND PRESENTED BY :

. KEVIN CHRISTOPHER

MIKHAIL CHARLES

MEERA MAHASE

DAVID FORGENIE

BRANDON SPENCER

RONAN NARINE

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