tripura (c-sap) 2015-2020 comprehensive state …

TRIPURAComprehensive State Agricultural Plan

(C-SAP) 2015-2020 TRIPURAComprehensive State Agricultural Plan

(C-SAP) 2015-2020CO-ORDINATING AGENCY:

THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE,

LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110 003

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FINAL REPORT


(C-SAP) 2015-2020

CO-ORDINATING AGENCY: THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE,


TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 II

Disclaimer

This document has been prepared by The Energy and Resources Insitute (TERI) on behalf of Agriculture Department, Government of Tripura based on the information furnished in CDAPs and also several

rounds of discussion held with various agencies during preparation of the report. Views expressed in this report are advisory in nature. It does not represent or reflect the policy or views of TERI. TERI does not

accept any financial liability to anyone using this report for any purpose.

IIITRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

CONTENTS

Executive Summary V Introduction V The State of Tripura Vi Scenario of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in Tripura Vi Specific Development Initiatives Needed for the State Ix Recommonded Schemes Xi State Plan at a Glance Xiii Consultation Process Xiv

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Background 1 1.2 The Process And Methodology 1 1.3 Consultation Process 3

Chapter 2 General Description of The State 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Physical And Geographical Features 5 2.3 Historical Background 8 2.4 Agro Climatic Zones 8 2.5 Soil Types 9 2.6 Main Subsidiary Occupation 10 2.7 Water and Other Natural Resources 10 2.8 Industrial Establishments 11 2.9 Backdrop for Policy 15 2.10 Development Vision and Strategy 15 2.11 Development Strategy For The State 16

Chapter 3 Swot Analysis Of The State 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Swot Analysis 17

Chapter 4 Development Of Agriculture Sector 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 Land Use And Soil Status 23 4.3 Soil Suitability For Sustainable Agriculture Development 24 4.5 Varieties Of Major Crops 26 4.6 Agriculture Crop Scenario And Yield Gap Analysis 27 4.7 Input Management 34 4.8 Mechanization 37 4.9 Climate Change 38 4.10 Organic Farming 40 4.11 Constraints On Crop Production 41 4.12 Vibrant Growth Sectors & Regions 42 4.13 Thrust Areas Of Agriculture Sector 43 4.14 Strategies For The Major Crops To Increase Productivity 44 4.15 Vision For The Five Years Period 2015-2020 44 4.16 Input Requirement During Year 2015-20: 45

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 Iv

4.17 Interventions Recommended For The Plan 45 4.18 Rkvy Projects/Interventions Recommended For Agriculture 48 4.19 Physical And Financial Targets Of The Projects Recommended Under Rkvy 48 4.20 Projects Recommended Under Nmsa 67 4.21 Financial Allocations For The Plan Period 2015-20 68 4.22 Budget Requirement For Recommended Rkvy Projects 68 4.23 Budget Requirement For Recommended Nmsa Projects 68

Chapter 5 Horticulture 71 5.1 Horticulture Status 71 5.3 Potential Areas For Investment - Tripura 76 5.4 Constraints In Horticulture Sector 79 5.5 Strategies For Promotion Of Horticulture In Tripura State 80 5.6 Rkvy Schemes Proposed 85 5.7 Budget Requirement For Horticulture For The Plan Period 2015-20 91 5.8 Budget For Rkvy Projects For The Plan Period 2015-20 91

Chapter 6 Irrigation 93 6.1 Water Resources In Tripura 93 6.2 Irrigation Scenario 96 6.3 Project Recommendation For Year 2015-20 104

Chapter 7 ARDD 111 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 Constraints In Animal Husbandry-Livestock And Poultry 114 7.3 Growth Drivers: Animal Husbandry 114 7.4 Strategies For Growth Of Animal Resources: 114 7.5 Budget Requirements For Ardd For 2015-20: 114 7.6 Rkvy Projects/ Interventions Recommended And New Schemes Proposed 115 7.7 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (Rkvy) Projects Recommended Now In Tripura For Ardd 115 7.8 Financial Budget For Rkvy Schemes 125

Chapter 8 Fishery 129 8.1 Introduction 129 8.3 Constraints And Strategies 130 8.4 Strategies 130 8.5 Budget Requirements For Fishery For 2015-20 132 8.6 Rkvy Projects Recommended For Fisheries/ Aquaculture Schemes 132 8.7 Budget For Rkvy Projects 142

Chapter 9 Infrastructure And Credit Plan 145 9.1 Marketing 145 9.2 Projects Recommended Under Rkvy For Marketing 145 9.3 Infrastructure, Processing & Storages 147 9.4 Strategies To Tackle The Production Of Food Processing 148 9.5 Projects Recommended Under Rkvy For Infrastructure, Processing & Storages 148 9.6 Co-Operative Societies 150 9.7 Credit Plan 152 9.8 Rkvy Budget 156

Chapter 10 Sericulture 157 10.1 Introduction 157 10.2 Constraints In Sericulture 158 10.3 Strategies For Growth Of Sericulture In Tripura 160 10.4 Budget Requirements For Sericulture For 2015-20 160 10.5 Rkvy Schemes For Sericulture 161

Chapter 11 Research And Development And Capacity Building 163 11.1 Introduction 163 11.2 List Of Schemes Recommended Under Rkvy: 163 11.3 Rkvy Budget For Research And Developmend And Capacity Building 166

Chapter 12 State Plan 169 12.1 Introduction 169 12.2 Vision For Next Plan 169 12.3 State Plan 170 12.4 Budget For Rkvy Scheme 170 12.5 Budget For Nmsa Scheme 172 12.6 Aggregate Financial Outlay For The State 180

vTRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

IntroductionThe Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) to State Plans is administered by the Union Ministry of Agriculture over and above its existing Centrally Sponsored Schemes. The RKVY incentivize states to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro climatic conditions, natural resources, and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry, and fisheries more comprehensively. The RKVY has been launched by the Government of India to incentivize states to increase the share of agriculture in their state plans. The State plan aims at projecting the requirements for the development of agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development perspective of the state. The plan also presents the financial requirement and the sources of financing the agriculture development plans in a comprehensive way. Thus, the preparation of the state plan is an elaborate and exhaustive and every care has been taken to ensure that Comprehensive State Agricultural Plan (C-SAP) is properly and comprehensively made. The various parameters are studied and in conformity with the objectives and guidelines, the state plan is prepared. The main problems encountered in the agricultural sector, namely, investment, gaps in the yields, production and productivity levels, infrastructure, technology and extension, interdependence of various sectors, etc., were analysed in detail. For the systematic and scientific planning, a Strength Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the state was done. Further, the growth drivers of the state and the innovative schemes suitable and supportive for higher growth in agriculture were included in the plan.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The preparation of the report included three stages: (i) collection of data, (ii) analysis and interpretation of data, and (iii) report writing. The assumptions/forecast of the results are reasonable and based on the existing statistical information of the state.

The report took into the account of the following:

� Background of the each district and the selected Gram Panchayats;

� Mapping of the resource inventory, so as put it to a judicious use;

� SWOT analysis and listing of critical gaps among various programms and programms to be implemented;

� Summary of objectives/benefits expected to be achieved after implementation of the Perspective Plan in next 5 years.

It includes schematic details including the year-wise cost schedules, showing the targets for districts and line departments separately.

Similarly, appropriate suggestions are made for improvement of quality of the programms based on the feedback from the users and the scientific and technological information available and the expertise of the local people. A detailed roadmap is prepared to achieve the desired results for the benefit of the entire state. Thus, the final output highlights the way forward in the next five years to achieve the stated goals. The State Agriculture Plan thus formulated will not act as light house to the policy makers but also for the members of the scientific community and the researchers akin.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 vI

The State of TripuraThe state of Tripura, one of the seven sister states in North East India, is located between latitudes 22°57’ and 24°33’N and longitudes 91°10’ and 92°20’ E. With total geographic area of 1,049,169 hectares (10,491.69 sq.km.), the state shares a 53 km long border with Assam, a 109 km long border with Mizoram, and 856 km international border with Bangladesh. As per 2013-14 data, 60 per cent of the area is forest area and only 25 per cent is the net sown area, which is far below the national level of 43.40 per cent.

Total population of the state is 3,673,917 with a literacy rate of 87.22 per cent. Total 74 per cent of the state’s population live in rural areas. As per Census 2011, scheduled tribes (ST) population of the state was 1,166,813, which is 31.8 per cent of the total population of the state. More than 50 per cent of the total main workers depend on the farming practices.

The climate of Tripura is humid sub-tropical characterized by high rainfall. The annual rainfall ranges from 2,000 to 3,000 mm. The humidity ranges from 100 to 42 per cent. About 90 per cent of the rainfall is received during March to September.

The soils of Tripura state belong to five orders, such as Inceptisols, Entisols, Ultisols, Alfisols, and Histosols. Erosion, drainage, flooding, and water logging are the major soil problems in the state. Soil of Tripura is acidic in nature ranging from slightly acidic (6.1 to 6.5) to extremely acidic, in which 49.20 per cent of the state area belongs to strongly acidic category (5.1 to 5.5). About 93 per cent soils in Tripura are deep to very deep. Arable wetlands constitute 18.8 per cent of the total area of the state.

Tripura’s economy is primarily agrarian, and agriculture and its allied activities contribute nearly 18 per cent to the state’s Net Domestic Product. Agriculture in Tripura includes traditional Jhum (shifting) cultivation. Over 50 per cent of the total main workers depend upon farm based work, with agricultural labourers forming. Over 90 per cent of the farmers belong to the categories of small and marginal farmers, with low land holdings. Though contribution from the Agriculture sector towards the gross domestic product (GDP) has declined nominally during the eleventh and twelfth plan periods, yet it remains the predominant sector. In the year 2014, the share of agriculture and allied services was 18 per cent in the GDP.

In the state, total water body area is 7,878.76 hectares. There are seven rivers flowing through the state, viz Gomati, Manu, Haora, Burima, Khowai, Dhalai, and Juri. Groundwater resources have remained constant over the years with availability of total 2.19 BCM per year.

Tripura has witnessed slow industrial development on account of poor connectivity with forest of India. There are about 1,582 factories in Tripura engaging 6,504 workers. There are six industrial estates, located in Arundhutinagar, Badharghat, Dhajanagar, Dharmanagar, Kumarghat, and Dukli industrial area.

Gross cropped area is 474,498 hectares with cropping intensity of 186 per cent. In the cropping pattern, 47 per cent area is double cropped while 20 per cent is triple, and 33 per cent is single cropped area.

Scenario of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in TripuraAgricultureAs per 2013-14 data, 60 per cent of Tripura land area is covered by forest and only 25 per cent is the net sown area, which is far below the national level of 43.40 per cent. Gross cropped area of the state is 474,498 hectares with cropping intensity of 186 per cent, having different cropping patterns as 47 per cent area is double cropped while 20 per cent is triple cropped and 33 per cent is single cropped.

In Tripura, shifting (Jhum) cultivation ocured in hill regions while settled farming in the plains. Rice is the major crop of the state with more than 88 per cent area under rice cultivation followed by pulses and maize. The state grows three seasonal rice crops viz. aush, aman and boro in the settled farming areas including wide range of food and non-food crops. Among the pulses arhar is the major pulse of the state. Other pulses such as gram, black gram, lentil, and moong are also cultivated in the state. To enhance the productivity of rice System of Rice Intersification (SRI) was introduced in the state through demonstration in the year 2002-03 with 9 hectare land, which increased to 92341 during 2013–14 with 41 per cent share of the rice area under SRI which makes Tripura leader in SRI. SRI has contributed significantly in enhancing the production of rice from 7 per cent increase during 2006–07 to 42 per cent increase during 2013–14. Maize is also cultivated in the state in an area of 3743 hectare with

vIITRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

EXECUTIvE SUMMARY

production of 5,058 MT and yield of 1,351 Kg/ Ha. Tripura state has 8,500 hectares of land under pulse cultivation as per 2012–13 estimates ranking 24th among Indian states. Rapeseed, mustard, and Sesamum are the major oilseeds of Tripura with 44 per cent (2,132 Ha) and 43 per cent (2,085Ha) of area under rapeseed and Sesamum, respectively. Cotton, jute, mesta, and sugarcane are the commercial crops of Tripura state. Tripura’s cotton is short-stapled and in Kolkata market, this is commonly called “Comilla Cotton” The area under cotton crop in the state is very small, that is 922 hectares with production of only 1,341 MT and yield of 1.45 Kg/Ha. Area under jute crop in the state is 639 hectare. Trend in productivity of various crops in Tripura state reveals that except rice and maize, the productivity of all other crops has either remained stagnant or declined.

Seed replacement rate (SRR) of high yielding varieties has increased from 2.8 per cent to 33 per cent during 1999–2014. Bio-fertilizer popularization in the state started during 2000–01 and has increased significantly from 2010–11 onwards. Three bio-fertilizer production centres at Udaipur, Dharmanagar, and Ambassa are functioning under public private partnership (PPP) model. Consumption of chemical NPK fertilizer has increased from 4 Kg/ Ha in 1999 to 60 Kg /Ha during 2013–14. Total consumption of the chemical fertilizers has also increased four times from 15,940 MT during 2010–11 to 70,160 MT during 2013–14.

Tripura state has been slow in agricultural mechanization system. Main equipment reported are for paddy crop, particularly power tiller whose number increased from 808 in 2007–08 to 1,000 during 2011–12.

HorticultureApart from agriculture, horticulture plays an important role towards the economic up liftment of poor farmers of the state. A total of 136,570 hectare land is under horticulture crops in Tripura as per 2013–14 data, which is about 29 per cent of the gross cropped area of Tripura. Productivity (11,841 Kg/Ha) compares very well with national average of 11,462 Kg/Ha. The major fruits grown in the state are pineapple, banana, lemon, litchi, cashew nut, etc. Fruit crops are spread in all the eight districts of Tripura, however, South Tripura, Dhalai and North Tripura has very high area under fruit crops. South Tripura has also high area under potato

plantation. Sepahijala has highest area under vegetable cultivation. North Tripura also has high area under floriculture. Among the fruit crops Banana occupies the highest area (22 per cent) closely followed by pineapple with 20 per cent share of fruit crop area, Jackfruit with 15 per cent area occupies third place and Mango on the fourth place with 14 per cent. Mandarin occupies 9 per cent area and lemon & litchis have 6 per cent of fruit crop area. Jumpui Orange is very famous variety in the state.

Due to diversified climate, Tripura has huge potential for vegetable cultivation. They are good source of nutrition and extremely important for nutritional security of the state. Being short duration crops they fit well in multiple cropping systems and also provide good economic returns to the farmers. The major vegetables are potato, chilli, cabbage cauliflower, reddish, pumpkin, watermelon, french bean, groundnut, cow pea, cucumber, gourds, tomato, brinjal, etc. Vegetables are grown in both summer and winter seasons having almost equal area under cultivation, that is 17,910 Ha under summer vegetable and 18,870 ha under winter vegetables, however, productivity is higher during winter season. Potatoes have good scope for value addition as is the major vegetable crop of the state with 6,700 Ha land coverage.

Among the plantation crops, major products are bamboo, areca nut, rubber, etc. Betelnut, turmeric, chilli, and ginger are the major spices cultivated in Tripura with total area of 5,690 Ha during 2013–14. Floriculture is at a nascent stage in Tripura. Commercially produced flowers are marigold, gladiolus, tube rose, cheri gold in open field condition and some exotic flowers like gerbera orchids and anthurium are being cultivated under controlled condition.

ARDDAnimal Husbandry sector is one of the major thrust areas that need to be developed. There is a great demand for pig rearing, poultry farming, and fish cultivation. The people in Tripura rear pigs, goat, poultry, cow, buffaloes, etc. However, pig rearing and poultry farming stands out in terms of self-inclination of the farmers towards choosing these activities as one of their main occupations. Pig rearing can be especially boosted in the Autonomous District Council (ADC) areas as they are culturally related with it. Other

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 vIII

activities such as that of cattle rearing, can be scaled up in the Non-ADC areas of the state. Sheep and goat rearing in the state has been in practice since long, which can be improved by providing infrastructure facilities for creating employment opportunity in the rural areas, improving the grazing land, and in turn can help the farmers to improve their financial conditions. At present, in the state total exotic/cross breed cattle is 133,107, while the total indigenous cattle is 815,687. In the case of milk production, West Tripura is highest with 20 per cent of state share followed by Sephaizala, Gomati and South providing 16, 15 and 14 per cent of state milk production, respectively. In respect of yield, average yield of buffalo milk in Tripura is 2.48 kg, while in India, average is 4.91 per cent. Similarly, for goat, it is 0.21 versus national average of 0.45. In egg production, South district is highest with 22 per cent of state and lowest in Unakoti with only 5 per cent. In meat production, West Tripura has first rank with 21per cent of state production followed by Sephaizala, Gomti, South, and Khowai districts with 15, 15, 14, and 12 per cent, respectively. In the animal & bird, poultry has highest population with 48 per cent followed by cattle with 18 per cent, duck 15 per cent, goat 12 per cent and pig 7 per cent.

There are only 16 veterinary hospitals in the state. Of which, Dhalai has four veterinary hospitals, while South, Sephaizala, and West Tripura have more veterinary dispensaries as compared to other district varying from four to seven in numbers. There are only four feed mixing plants in the state and only one training institute, which is in West Tripura.

For the future prospective to strengthen cattle rearing in the state, we should promote green fodder cultivation on common lands and outside forest area, preservation of grazing land, backyard fodder cultivation with simultaneous strengthening of fodder seed production facilities.

FisheriesFishery in the state has reasonably very good scope for the development. It also serves to supplement the income of farmers. In this regard, initiative was taken by the Govt. of Tripura to attain self–sufficiency in fish production by 2012 and more emphasis was given for horizontal expansion of water areas as well as to increase fish production in the state. Due to adoption

of scientific fish culture in most of the rest water bodies, an increase in fish production was reported. In the state, South district occupies first rank in culture fishing area while Gomati in capture fishing area. In terms of production, Gomati has first ranks and West is last. Total fish production, of the state is 58,655 MT. The post-harvest facilities for fishery in the state are very limited, which is matter of concern to increase fish production.

In the view of fishery as entrepreneurship in the state, the concept of commercial aqua-farming and fishery- based self help groups (SHGs) are being formed to provide avenue for self employment and income generation. There are 936 SHG formed (up to March 2008) and activated for entrepreneurship development through adoption of commercial fish farming. Fourteen fish feed manufacturing plants have been established in the state for preparing & supply of balanced fish feed. Pabda (O. bimaculatus) is a threatened fish species and has been declared as “State Fish” of Tripura. For purpose of its conservation & culture, the state has standardized the technique of breeding this species and attempts have been made to standardize the rearing techniques. Lembucherra Government Fish Farm, near Agartala, has 46 of the 69 generally occurring fish species in the state. Tripura is the only landlocked state in the Country producing seed of Giant Fresh Water Prawn (Macrobrachium resenbergii) in artificial sea water. For promotion of fishery, motivation to farmers should be given for taking up fishery as an economically profitable occupation. Cultured fish ponds should be promoted with proper training, inputs and hand holding from the Fisheries Department for promotion of inland fisheries in the state, as there is good source of water from river and its rivulets, which in turn would help the farmers to fetch additional income.

SericultureSericulture in the NE region comprises culture of four varieties of silk worms viz. Eri, Muga, Oak, and Tassar. Tripura state falls under high rainfall region and has sufficiently humid climate to support cultivation of mulberry plants and sericulture-supporting activities. Sericulture has been practised in the state through the cluster approach involving predominantly the women of the tribal community. Except Unakoti sericulture, clusters are present in seven district of Tripura. Total

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IXTRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

area under mulberry plantation in the state is 2,308 Ha with average yield range of 150–175 kg/ha. A total of 4,500 beneficiaries are directly involved in the subsidiary occupation. The average cocoon production is around 160–170 Kg/ha. The gap in yield is around 10–15 Kg/ha. Silk production gives an alternate option of livelihood to the people of Tripura. Tripura silk has its own Silk logo, which is internationally acclaimed. Mulberry Rearers Co-operative Society (MRCS) was formed for Sericulture promotion in the state.

Irrigation Water resource in Tripura are abundant. Yet the share of area under irrigation has remained one of the lowest in the country. Of the total cropped area of 266,142 Ha only 66,456 Ha is covered under irrigation, that is only 24.97 per cent. This varies across the districts with Dhalai having the lowest area under irrigation with only 7 per cent and Sepahijala having highest land under irrigation with 39 per cent. The Gomti, Khowai, and Manu are the three medium irrigation projects running in the state. The status of net irrigation potential created till March 2013 was 111,744 Ha. On the other hand, percentage of non-functioning is also very high in Unakoti with 42.4 per cent of the lift irrigation and pump-set being non-functional. The numbers are quite low in Khowai and Sephaizala district that is 6.7 and 2.9 per cent, respectively. Sephaizala district has highest command area of 12,802 Ha, closely followed by Khowai and South, which have 10,182 and 9,398 Ha of command area. A total 80 per cent of command area is under lift irrigation. Share of shallow deep tubewell is only 4 per cent.

Watershed DevelopmentMost of the land in the state (<70 per cent) is under rainfed farming. The soil and water management through watershed approach requires integrated efforts of the line departments. However in case of each of the eight districts, a State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) under the Department of Agriculture has been constituted for the creation of percolation tanks and other such structures for recharging ground water and the implementation of IWMP programs.

Marketing and StorageTripura state has 21 Regulated markets, 63 whole sale markets, and 470 primary rural markets, totalling

to 554 markets in the state. There is need to provide storage facilities for the food grains, pulses, and oilseed seeds. Tripura has a total food grain storage capacity (Government Warehouse) of only 46,130 MT, which is insufficient to cater the total food grain production of the state. The cold storage facility is very less in the state.

Specific Development Initiatives Needed for the StateTo achieve 4.5 per cent growth rate during the five-year period, the specific developmental initiatives needed in the state are given below. The required growth targeted during the twelfth Five-Year Plan not only includes the agriculture sector but also the allied sectors, such ashorticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries, sericulture, watershed, etc., as they also have a great role to play in improving the socio-economic condition of the people in the state, hence, the similar comprehensive plan for these line departments is also laid out here.

AgricultureMain reason for enhanced crop yield of rice is adoption of SRI practice. However, they have still not reached maximum yield reported in frontline demonstrations with SRI practices that is, 3,500 kg/ha to 7,000 Kg/ Ha. Therefore, there is a plenty of scope to enhance the productivity of rice. Yield gap is very high in case of maize. Against India average of 2,478 Kg/Ha, yield of maize in Tripura state is only 1,311 Kg/Ha. Yield gap in wheat is 701 Kg. Among pulses, productivity of Arhar is 716 Kg/ Ha against India average of 806 Kg/ Ha reflecting yield gap of 90 Kg. In gram, yield gap is 404 Kg. Among oilseeds productivity of sesamum is better in Tripura than the national average of 420 Kg/ Ha. But rapeseed–mustard productivity is lower by 436 Kg with state average of 798 Kg/ha as compared to 1,234 Kg/ Ha yield in India.

The specific areas of the agriculture that need attention and be prioritized by the government includes: Introduction of high yielding seeds of pulses and oilseeds, Breeding of seeds for biotic and abiotic stresses, Promotion of seed treatment with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas. Climate is also leading to increased outbreak of pests and diseases, and strategy to combat this would to develop resistant variety and promotion of IPM.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 X

Demand of the bio-pesticide has increased over the years. There is a need to strengthen the promotion of bio-pesticide to reduce the bad effects of synthetic pesticides. There are many new bio-pesticides that are registered in India, such as Neem, Karanja, Eucalyptus leaf extract, etc; however, they are not available in the state. State should make efforts to introduce them through demonstrations for the benefit of the farmers as pest and disease pressure lead up to 30 per cent of crop loss.

Farm MechanizationThe total farm power available in the state is 0.99 hp/ha, which is quite low as compared to the national average. As the farm power is limited, most of the agricultural operations are performed by using animated power source. The seed bed operation should be mechanized by introducing small size tractor and power tiller as sources of farm power. For sowing seed, improved type of seed drill and zero tillage seed drill may be used. For harvesting of paddy, self-propelled reapers and for threshing, multi-crop thresher may be introduced. In the hilly region, pedal operated thresher may be used.

HorticultureIntroduction of new horticultural crops such as Mushroom, Beetelvine, Tapioca, Broccoli, Caster pea, etc. should be promoted as weather and soil conditions of the state are favourable for these crops. Demonstrations of these crops should be conducted in the identified areas of the state. Training of SHGs for mushroom cultivation can help. The tapioca plantation, which is largely confined to the ADC areas, can be encouraged. Tapioca has a tremendous potential as the processed products such as sago has huge demand while the by-products can be used as cattle fodder.

In view of the varieties of fruits and vegetables grown in the state, there is scope for encouraging agro-based industries in the state. The strong production base creates opportune conditions for investment in setting up of processing units. The state is the highest pineapple and jackfruit producing area in the country. Pineapple production is good in Tripura and as such its processing unit in the form of jams, squash, juice, etc. will boost up the economy. The number of cold storages has to be increased. Also, Dry Land Horticulture can be promoted with expert advises from ICAR.

Promotion of agro forestry by replicating successful models developed in JICA project in Gomati disctrict such as cultivation of bamboo, areca nut, delburgia, maize, and black pepper, mango, maize, and pineapple. In Tripura, the tea industry holds considerable scope for investment. The state has suitable agro-climatic conditions for development of tea plantation. The soils are generally fertile and have no major problems of toxicities or deficiencies.

Tripura has taken a lead role in True Potato Seed (TPS) production. The area under potato can be increased through use of TPS seedling tuber (tuberlet) along with application of appropriate use of fertilizer and improved packages of practice. In Tripura, the fruit-processing industry is still at a budding stage but the setting up of food-processing units holds a vast potential in the state. With regard to pineapple processing, food processing has been identified as a major thrust area in Tripura by the state government and has been provided with state incentive package.

IrrigationLift Irrigation through pump sets can be promoted more, Improving the non-functional minor irrigation facilities especially in North Tripura Unakoti, Khowai, West Tripura, and Dhalai. Provision of switch gates/check dams on the cherras (small streams), it will recharge the groundwater; innovative methods of rainwater harvesting should be implemented especially in hilly ADC areas.

ARDDPromotion of green fodder cultivation on common lands and outside forest area, preservation of grazing land, backyard fodder cultivation with simultaneous strengthening of fodder seed production facilities can strengthen the cattle rearing in the state. Breed Improvement through AI, introduction/supply of quality animals, calf rearing as part of animal quality up-gradation should be promoted. Milk processing and marketing through dairy cooperatives and supply chain management through SHGs and milk societies need to be promoted and expanded. There is need of more veterinary centres in addition to existing ones.

FisheryGive priority for increasing the productivity of fish ponds in the state to boost cultured fishery through training and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

XITRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

capacity building of fish farmers on scientific farming. Motivation to farmers should be given for taking up fishery as an economically profitable occupation. New fish varieties should be introduced and promoted in the state by the concerned line department. Presently available post-harvest facilities for fishery in the state are very limited and are of preliminary nature. The capacity of employment generation of the farmers can be enhanced by induction of the processing unit for fish drying. There is huge gap between the demand and supply of these value added products that are otherwise sourced from neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh and Myanmar and the state of Assam. Also, factories can be established for the manufacturing of the fish pellets, which would definitely plug the gap in the feed and fodder inputs for the poultry and fisheries. Coordinated development of crop, animal husbandry, and fisheries through integrated farming leading to higher production, particularly in the drought-prone areas should be focused upon. There should be promotion of insurance scheme for the farmers involved in husbandry.

SericultureThis sector can be developed further as there is always a gap between the demand and the supply. The value chain analysis of the silk-rearing industry can be quite rewarding as the profit margins are comparatively huge with respect to the input cost. This can be taken up as additional income-generating occupation to the mono-cropping prevalent due to the rubber plantation in the state. However this sector is reeling under some common problems of irrigation, infrastructure, lack of training, and untimely availability of credit. Furthermore, the backward and forward linkages too need to be strengthened by the help of co-operative societies and clusters so formed. The centrally sponsored Catalytic Development Program for promotion of silk needs to gain momentum in the state along with assured irrigation for mulberry plantation, cocoon rearing in controlled condition, enhanced area under mulberry plantation, provide better transportation facility, provide more number of trained village level workers, timely provision of financial resources, one- month training should be provided before plantation of mulberry and 1 month post plantation before rearing worms, and promotion of new varieties of mulberry and cocoon.

Marketing Development and StorageThe problem of improper marketing facility to the farmers at the village level can be improved by setting up of the marketing facilities at least at the gram panchayat level. There should be at least one agri-produce registered market in each block, creating backward & forward linkage using ICT, improving implementation of KCC, providing proper road connectivity particularly in backward areas such as Damcherra, in North Tripura, providing more godowns and storage facilities. Policy interventions (Amendments to APMC Act) to facilitate private sector participation in strengthening market infrastructure and also facilitate producer–user industry tie-up for contract farming are suggested.

Recommended SchemesThe present CDAP has been prepared for the five-year plan based on the requirements and potential of the state in accordance with the priorities laid down relating to agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, sericulture, fisheries, social forestry, co-operative, and other sectors.

List of Projects/Interventions Recommended under RKVY, NMSA, and AIBPAgriculture � Area expansion under HYV and HYB seeds for rice

improvement � Area expansion of paddy under SRI � Promotion of seed treatment � Pulse improvement demonstrations � Area expansion under maize cultivation � Area expansion of oilseeds crops � Area expansion under plant nutrients � Utilization of rice fallow/seasonal fallow by

promoting crop diversification with pulses, oilseed etc.

� Strengthening of farm mechanization � Establishment of bio-pesticide production units � Establishment of bio-fertilizer production units � Establishment vermicomposting production units � Promotion of bio-pesticides and bio-fertlizers � Promotion of IPM � Assistance for agricultural crop production in FRA

areas including Jhum � Innovative seed village models � Promotion of agroforestry

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TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 XII

� Distribution of different farm implements to small and marginal farmers through subsidy

� Installation of automatic weather station and rain gauge

� Establishment of farmers knowledge centres � Establishment of technology dissemination centres

at state and district level � Strengthening of research centre at Arundhati Nagar � Capacity building of farmers on bio-fertilizer � Farmers exposure visit and Krishi Mela � Infrastructure development of KVKs � Improvement and development of government

farms

Horticulture and Soil Conservation � Promotion of cultivation of new fruits, vegetables,

and plantation crops � Area expansion under TPSs � Strengthening of Research and Development

Center, Nagichera and Maichera for TPS production (assistance to TPS center)

� Replacement of senile plantation of Jampui Orange � Promotion of agroforestry (also suggested in

agriculture section) � Promotion of tissue culture for banana � Development of horticulture under protected

cultivation � Promotion of greenhouse and polyhouse cultivation

for off seasonal verities � Production of planting materials (establishment

of Hi-Tech nurseries and certification of planting material)

� Area expansion under pineapple � Fruits and vegetables seed production � Promotion of mushroom cultivation � Provision of refrigerated vans for transportation of

fruits and vegetables � Horticulture database � Establishment of cold storage for fruits and

vegetables (given in infrastructure section) � Establishment of fruits and vegetables processing

units (given in infrastructure section)

Irrigation

List of RKVY Projects

� Establishment of rain water harvesting structures � Development of check dam

� Construction of percolation tank � Constriction of modular storage tank � Use of solar pumps in lift irrigation � Maintenance of lift irrigation systems � Renovation of water bodies/farm pond

List of NMSA and AIBP Projects

� Construction of farm ponds � Provision of power-based pump sets for lift

irrigation � Construction of shallow tube wells � Enhancing the use of sprinkler/drip irrigation

ARDD � Construction of ARDD sub-center � Poultry-based farming system � Strengthening of poultry farm � Promotion of cross breed based farming system � Piglet production fattening. � Construction of veterinary dispensary center. � Goatry development � Fodder production � Construction of rat proof go-down for storage of

CGM � Skill development training of farmer on milk sector,

meat sector, egg sector and fodder sector � Strengthening of publicity/ extension wing of ARDD � Construction of poultry sheds � Strengthening of cattle farm at R K Nagar � Construction of district veterinary medicine store � Animal diseases and surveillance facility � Strengthening of animal vaccination programme � Fodder kit distribution � Construction of brooder house

Fishery � Demonstration on feed-based fish culture

technology � Utilization of big water bodies for culture-based

capture fisheries � Pisciculture in newly created/reclaimed water

bodies � Skill up-gradation of fish farmers � Diversification of aqua culture � Popularization of integrated fish farming � Production of stunted growth fingerlings � Establishment of mini fish feed plan in private sector � Establishment of technology dissemination centre

at block level

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XIIITRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020

� Popularization of Magur and Pabda breeding in captivity using low-cost hatchery

� Installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in private sector

� Intensification on use of aerator in fish culture � Setting of flake ice plant � Establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis

and soil–water testing � Development of village knowledge centre � Upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries � Construction of hygienic market shed for fish sale � Construction of fish seed market

Infrastructure and Credit Plan � Provision of post-harvest and marketing infrastructure � Demonstration unit for varietal development � Setting up custom hiring centres � Establishment of rural godowns � Seed storage unit � Establishment of cold storage for fruits and vegetables � Establishment of fruit and vegetable-processing units � Establishment of soil-testing laboratory and

distribution of soil health cards � Establishment of cold storage for fish storage

SericultureExpansion of area under mulberry cultivation

Research and Development � Varietal development for biotic and abiotic stresses

and nutritional quality � Set-up SRI research center � Research on conservation agriculture including

organic farming � Research on conservation and value addition of

traditional varieties of crops and animals � Development of site specific IPM modules

� Introduction of advanced technology for production upliftment

Capacity Building � Training and capacity building of VLWs, farmers,

block officers, KVKs, PRIs, etc. � Establishment of farm advisory support system

for weather forecasting, pest surveillance, market intelligence (including pricing), animal disease, and soil status

State Plan at a GlanceThe state is predominantly agrarian that needs additional financial assistance for its agriculture growth. Of the total budget of Rs 3,742.82 crore proposed for Five year plan, agriculture sector has the major share of Rs 1,979 crore followed by horticulture with a total allocation of Rs 758.44 crore, animal husbandry with Rs 377.57 crore (Figure A). Other line departments have projected budget of Rs 354.01, Rs 50.5, and Rs 223.3 crore to irrigation, sericulture, and fisheries, respectively (Table A).

Table A: A sector-wise and year-wise budget requirement for Five-Year Plan, 2015–20 (Rs in Crore)Financial allocation (in crore) of various district by sector under Agriculture and Allied sector

Sector 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture 367.28 381.54 395.8 410.06 424.32 1979

ARDD 69.41 72.66 75.91 79.17 80.42 377.57

Fishery 36.59 40.23 44.26 48.68 53.54 223.3

Horticulture 116.59 134.14 151.69 169.23 186.78 758.44

Irrigation 76.64 73.72 70.8 67.88 64.96 354.01

Sericulture 8.68 9.39 10.1 10.81 11.52 50.5

Total 675.19 711.68 748.56 785.83 821.54 3,742.82

Figure A: Budget requirement for Five Year Plan, 2015-2020 (Rs in crore)

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TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 XIv

Consultation ProcessThe PRI body, the nodal officials from various line departments of the subdivisions, and overall of the district are taken into consideration for knowing the farming community, aspirations, needs, and preferences while assessing the gap in economic condition in the panchayats. All the feasible schemes suggested by GPs

and blocks were taken into consideration in preparation of the comprehensive plan.The plan was discussed in detail in the general body meeting of the district. The draft report was prepared by considering the major points discussed by the members in the agriculture standing committee, selected people representatives, and progressive farmers. The process of consultation is shown in the Table B.

Table B: Stakeholders, consultationsCoordinator : Deputy Director Agriculture

FGD (Dy. Director Agriculture ) West Tripura 25 GPs

Gomati 12 GPs

South Tripura 11 GPs

Unnakoti 9 GPs

North Tripura 11 GPs

Khowai 9 GPs

Dhalai 10 GPs

Sepahijala 13 GPs

Institutional Interaction Deputy Director (Agri) Deputy Director (Horti)Deputy Director (ARDD)Assistant Director (Sericulture)Deputy Director (Co-Op)CEO–Soil and Water Conservation (SLNA)Deputy Director (Fisheries)Superintendents of AgricultureVLWsPRI bodies

Interview with Agriculture sector officer

Experts Scientists consultation AgricultureHorticultureWatershedVeterinary SericultureFisheries

All concerned line departments

Social Scientists/ Economist

Expert in decentralized planning

NGO NGO consultation

Farmer Farmers

Introduction

1.1 The BackgroundThe Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) launched by the Government of India in 2007 sought to provide autonomy to the states in drawing up their plans to increase the allocation for agriculture in their State Plans and to incentivize them with additional central assistance. This is in pursuance of the resolution adopted in the Fifty third meeting of the National Development Council on Agriculture and related issues held on May 29, 2007 and also upon the observation and suggestion of the Accountant General (Audit), Tripura, on the audit conducted for the period of Eleventh Plan on RKVY implemented in Tripura State. The assistance through RKVY to State Plans is administered by the Union Ministry of Agriculture over and above its existing Centrally Sponsored Schemes. The RKVY encourages states to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively by taking into account local requirements; agro climatic conditions; cropping patterns; availability of natural resources and technology, and integrating the allied sectors of livestock, poultry, and fisheries so as to significantly increase the productivity and maximize returns to farmers. Special schemes are introduced for the beneficiaries of land reforms.

Under RKVY, the state is expected to formulate a state and district agriculture plans by taking into account the resources available from the on-going schemes such as National Food Security Mission (NFSM), National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture

CHAPTER 1

( MIDH), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), Integrated Dairy Development Programme (IDDP), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (MGNAREGA), and such other state and district plans that aim at projecting the requirements for the development of agriculture and allied sectors. The plan should also present the financial requirement and the sources of financing agriculture development plans in a comprehensive way. Thus, the preparation of the state and district agriculture plan is an elaborate and exhaustive exercise and every care is taken to ensure that the Comprehensive State Agriculture Plan (CSAP) is properly and comprehensively made.

1.2 The Process and Methodology

Process Followed in Preparing State Agricultural PlanThe state plan has been prepared after making a detailed situational analysis of the various parameters relating to the agriculture and allied sectors in conformity with the objectives and guidelines. As stated earlier, a holistic approach is needed for agriculture sector’s development. Hence, while preparing the CSAP almost all sectors/programmes concerning rural development, farming, and vulnerable sections have been taken into consideration. Some of the important sectors and programmes included were horticulture, sericulture, fishery, animal husbandry, irrigation, watershed, agricultural marketing, technology and extension, rural industries, rural credit, etc. The CDAP

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TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 2

is prepared keeping the Eleventh and Twelfth Five Year Plan parameters as benchmark. For Budgeting trend analysis, years 2009–10 to 2013–14 was taken as base year.

The main problems encountered in the agricultural sector, namely investment, gaps in the yields, production and productivity levels, infrastructure, technology and extension, interdependence of various sectors, etc, were analysed in detail. For ensuring a systematic and scientific planning, a detailed Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis of the state was done. Further, the growth drivers of the state as well as the innovative schemes suitable and supportive for higher growth in agriculture were identified.

Sampling DesignThe CSAP envisages planning from bottom up. The plan has to be aggregated from Panchayat/Village Plan to Block Plan to District Plan and later consolidated to a comprehensive State Plan. Keeping this in background, the State Plan has been prepared. For this, it was decided to constitute the District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU) chaired by Sabhadipati of Zila Parishad with District Magistrate and Collector as Vice Chairman, Deputy Director Agriculture as Member Secretary, and elected representative of Tripura Areas Autonomous District Council, Planning Officer of the Department of Agriculture and other district officers of agriculture and allied departmental representatives, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Representative, etc. as the members. Also, Block Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU) was formulated with the Chairperson of the Panchayat Samiti/Block Advisory Committee as the Chairman; President of Agristanding Committee as the Vice Chairman; and SA as the Member Secretary with the BDO, AD, Animal Resource Development Department (ARDD) Block level Veterinary Officer, SFs/SH/DDH, progressive farmers, etc. as members of the BAPU. Village Agriculture Planning Unit was constituted with Chairperson of Gram Panchayat / VDC as its Chairman; Agri Assisstant as its Member Secretary and Livestock Supervisor, Fishery Assistant, progressive farmers, Panchayat Secretary, etc. as members. The district plan includes programmes of allied departments such as ARDD, Fisheries, Horticulture and Soil conservation, Sericulture, Minor Irrigation, and Watershed Development.

For this purpose, the sample is drawn essentially of primary sampling units namely the villages. The

villages not only represent the economy at the bottom most level but also the aspiration at the bottom level that can be further upscaled at the district level.

There can be two methods of preparing the plan at the village or at the Panchayat level. In the first method, one can take the wider survey of the individual households and ascertain the need and aspiration as well as their views about the future plan. The second method is through discussions and interviews with the leaders of the Panchayats or those who are managing them. Since each household is not well informed about the village economy and Panchayat economy and the information about the village economy can largely be found with the leaders of the Panchayats or those who are managing the Panchayats, we decided to hold a Focus Group discussion (FGD) with the leaders of the Panchyats, that is, i.e. the sitting members and the prominent members of the Panchyats/villages. The second group may not be ruling the Panchayat but they have sufficient experience and information about the process of development at the Panchayat level so as to throw light on the future path of growth. Taking these into consideration, we planned to conduct the FGD at three levels, namely:

� Members of the Panchayats � Informed citizens of the villages � Block level officials

As far as the selection of the villages were concerned, we considered two methods of sampling:

� The first method is to stratify the villages according to the agro–climatic/topographical classification

� The second method is to select the villages randomly from the list of all the Villages and post -stratify them according to the agro-climatic/topographical regions.

In the absence of maps and non-availability of data about the villages on basis of the agro-climatic regions or their topography, we chose the second method of sampling of the villages. The sample villages selected in the state for making Panchayat/village plans are shown in Table 1.1.

Details of list of villages and brief summary of FGD are provided at Annexure 1. The database of the plan is both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data consisted of secondary sources, and the latter on the observations and discussions held with various stakeholders such

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3INTRODUCTION

as progressive farmers representatives from all the villages, elected representatives of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) at different levels, and the NGOs. The Comprehensive State Agricultural Plan and (CSAP) and CDAR is prepared broadly on the framework suggested by the Planning Commission, that is decentralized and integrated approach. As per this direction, the plan preparation began in consultation with stakeholders at different stages starting from the village (Gram Panchayat) level. At the village level, consultations were held with leaders/model farmers, presidents, and vice presidents, and knowledgeable members of GPs who were the stakeholders. The same method was adopted at the block and subdivision levels. In particular, the members of Standing Committees for Planning and Agriculture were actively involved throughout the preparation of the CSAP. Above all, guidance and advice was sought from time to time from the in-house experts from TERI, New Delhi; Economists, Prof R S Deshpande; former - Director of the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore; Dr B C Barah, Chair Professor, NABARD and former Director, NCAP IARI. The Senior Officers of the Department of Agriculture at the state level and district level were also consulted for interactive discussions on the draft plan and their useful inputs and suggestions were taken into consideration while preparing the draft report.

1.3 Consultation ProcessThe PRI body, the nodal officials from various line departments of the subdivisions, and the districts,

were taken into consideration for knowing the farming community’s aspirations, need, and preferences while assessing the gap in economic condition in the panchayats/villages. All the feasible schemes suggested by GPs and blocks were taken into consideration in preparation of the district comprehensive plan.

The plan was discussed in detail in the general body meeting of the district. The draft report was prepared by considering the major points discussed by the members of the agriculture standing committee, selected people representatives, and progressive farmers. The process of consultations is shown in Table 1.2.

Table 1.1: District-wise sample villages selected for village plans

District Population Total villages No of selected village

Gomati 342,230 122 12

Khowai 179,649 54 9

North Tripura 335,550 87 11

Siphahijala 430,629 115 13

South Tripura 366,991 129 11

Unakoti 235,430 77 9

Dhalai 377,988 130 10

West Tripura 328,165 76 25

Total 2,596,632 790 100Table 1.2: Stakeholders consultations

FDG Districts in Tripura state

DhalaiGomatiKhowaiNorthSepahijalaSouthUnakotiWest

10 GPs (10 villages)12 GPs (12 villages) 9 GPs (9 villages)11 GPs (11 villages13 GPs (13 villages)11 GPs (11 villages) 9 GPs (9 villages)25 GPs (25 villages)

Institutional Interaction

Deputy Director (Agri)–Member Deputy Director (Horti)–MemberDeputy Director (AV& H)–MemberDeputy Director (Watershed)–MemberDeputy Director (Sericulture)–MemberDeputy Director (Co-Op)–MemberCEO–Soil and Water Conservation (SLNA)Deputy Director (Fisheries)–Member

Experts Scientists consultation

AgricultureHorticultureWatershedVeterinarySericultureFisheries

All Concerned Line Departments

Social Scientists/ Economist

Expert in decentralized planning

NGO Non Government organization consultation

Farmers Farmers

General Description of the State

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Introduction Tripura is a state in North-East India which borders Bangladesh, Mizoram, and Assam. It is surrounded by Bangladesh on its north, south, and west. The length of its international border is 856 km (84 per cent of its total border). It shares a 53 km long border with Assam and a 109 km long border with Mizoram. The state is connected with the rest of India by only one road (NH-44) that runs through the hills to the border of Karimganj District in Assam and then winds through the states of Meghalaya, Assam, and North Bengal to Kolkata.

At the time of Tripura’s merger in 1949 with the Indian Union, the major mode of farming was shifting cultivation or ‘Jhum’, which produced little surplus. A small proportion of the plane land of the State was under settled agriculture undertaken by Bengalis, and the main crop was rice. Most of the plane land of the state was not under cultivation and it was largely covered with cane-brakes and marshes. Thus at the time of formation of the state, the economy was predominantly agricultural and forest-based, with no industrial base, a low level of urbanization, and limited infrastructure.

Weather conditions in the state encourage crop diversification and cultivation of seasonal fruits and vegetables. Apart from this, areca nut, coconut, tea, bamboo, and rubber hold potential for cultivation. Among spices, chilli and ginger are also grown. A sunrise industry, floriculture is spreading rapidly with a demand for commercially grown flowers, such as gladioli, marigold and tuberose and exotic flowers such

anthurium which is grown under controlled conditions.For administrative convenience and decentralization of power, Tripura has been divided from a single district in to eight districts, which has 23 subdivisions and 58 rural development blocks. Besides, a special feature of the state is the vibrant existence of an Autonomous District Council (ADC) for Tribals based on the sixth schedule of the Indian constitution. These ADCs in Tripura encompass more than 68 per cent of the total geographical area of the state and is a home to roughly one–third of its population.

2.2 Physical and Geographical Features

Tripura is located in the South-West extreme corner of the North-Eastern region, between latitudes 22057’ and 24033’ N and longitudes 91010’ and 92020’ E. It has total geographic area of 1,049,169 hectares (10,491.69 sq. km.). As per 2013–14 data, 60 per cent of the area is forest and only 25 per cent is the net sown area which is far below the national level of 43.40 per cent (Figure 2.1).Dhalai is the largest district in terms of geographical area accounting 23 per cent of the geographical area while Unakoti is the smallest with only 6 per cent geographical area (Figure 2.2). The land has hills known as Tilla land and lowland valley. About 60 per cent of the state land is Tila land only 19 per cent is valley land (Table 2.1, Figure 2.4).The total population of the state accounts to 36,73,917 with a literacy rate of more than 87 per cent (in 2011). Its 74 per cent population lives in rural areas.

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TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTRAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015–20 6

Figure 2.1: Map of the State

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7GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE

Table 2.1 Land classification across districts

S.No District* Tia Land (hectare)Medium Up land (hectare)

Lowland Valley (hectare)

Total (hectare)

1. North Tripura 161,023 9,652 40,625 211,300

2. Dhalai 200,342 13,970 11,850 226,162

3. South Tripura 144,018 68,900 92,082 305,000

4. West Tripura 120,269 125,604 55,427 301,300

Total 625,652 218,126 199,984 1,043,762

Watelogged area 5,407

Total geographical area 1,049,169

*Undivided districts

Figure 2.2: Land Use Pattern of Tripura State (area in hectares) 2013–14

Figure 2.3: Distribution of Land Area (in hectares) across Districts in Tripura

Figure 2.4: Land Classification in Tripura by Type of Topography

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The population of Tripura is characterized by diverse social identity. The population of Scheduled Tribes (STs comprises 31.8 per cent with 19 tribes having their own distinct cultural identity. These include Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Chakma, Lusai, Mog, Garo, Kuki, Chaimal, Uchai, Halam, Khasia, Bhutia, Munda, Orang, Lepcha, Santal, Bhil and Noatia (Economic Review of Tripura 2012–13).

Table 2.2 shows district level area, population, literacy, sex ratio, and density based on Census 2011 data. The population density is substantially high in West Tripura accounting 974 per/sq. km while it is lowest at 158 per/sq. km in Dhalai. Literacy rate is ranging from 84 per cent in Sepahijala to 91 per cent in West Tripura (Figure 2.5).

Table 2.2: Area, Population Size, Sex Ratio, Literacy Rate, and Density across Districts in Tripura—2011

Districts Area (in sq.km) Total Population LiteracySex Ratio (Females per thousand males)

Density (per sq.km)

West Tripura 942.55 918,200 91.07 970 974

Sepahijala 1,044.78 483,687 84.68 952 463

Khowai 1,005.67 327,564 87.78 957 326

Gomati 1,522.8 441,538 84.53 959 290

South Tripura 1,534.2 430,751 84.68 956 281

Dhalai 2,400 378,230 85.72 944 158

Unokati 591.93 276,506 86.91 972 467

North Tripura 1,444.5 417,441 87.9 963 289

Tripura 10,486.43 3,673,917 87.22 960 350

Source: Census of India, 2011

Figure 2.5: Area, Population Size, Sex Ratio, Literacy Rate and Density across Districts in Tripura—2011

2.3 Historical Background The state of Tripura has a long history. The Kingdom of Tripura at its peak included the whole eastern region of Bengal from the Brahmaputra River in the north and west, the Bay of Bengal in the south, and Burma in the east during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD.

The last ruler of the princely state of Tripura was Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur who reigned between 1947 to 1949 in Agartala after whom the kingdom was merged with India on 9 September, 1949, and the administration was taken over on 15 October, 1949.

The partition of India in 1947 and political upheavals that had preceded and followed the momentous development had brought an end to the princely rule of Manikya dynasty in Tripura. After India became independent, Tripura acceded to the Indian Union on October 15, 1949 as a ‘C’ category state and became a Union Territory in November 1956. A popularly elected ministry was formed in Tripura in July 1963 and since then the State has had governments elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. Tripura attained full statehood on January 21, 1972. Tripura is also rich in its composite cultural heritage embodied in archaeological remains, architecture, and sculpture.

2.4 Agro Climatic ZonesTripura has a humid sub-tropical climate characterized by high rainfall. The annual rainfall ranges between 2,000 to 3,000 mm; while humidity ranges between 100 to 42 per cent. The monsoon generally breaks

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out by the end of May. Based on the variability in rainfall (P), Potential evapotranspiration (PE), actual evapotranspiration (AE), relation between P and PE, AE and PE and length of growing period (LGP) for normal cropping system, the entire terrain of Tripura has been divided into eight agro-ecological zones (Table 2.3). Figure 2.6 provides the distribution map of the 8 agro-ecoloical zones in Tripura. The state receives good amount of rainfall, making it highly suitable for rice cultivation. Total annual rainfall was 1,881 mm during 2012–13. About 90 per cent of the rainfall is received during March to September. June alone witnessed 26 per cent of total rainfall (Figure 2.7).

The rainfall between March to September in Tripura is 1,667 mm, which is marginally lower than the annual rainfall of 1,881 mm. It has been noticed that more than 26 per cent of the total rainfall occurs in the month of June. The total number of rainy days is 81.

2.5 Soil TypesSoil is the basic natural resource to support life on earth. Maintenance of this valuable resource in a state

Table 2.3: Agro-climatic zones in Tripura

S. NoName of the ACZ

Area (hectare) (Agro-ecological zone wise)

District Major soils Rainfall Major crops

1 Mild Tropical plain zone code no-127

15bi-46,875 15bii-38,750 15bii(i)-1,875 17 a-96,300 17 a(i)-27,500 Total - 2,11,300

North Inceptisols, Entisol, Ultisols

2,427 mm Rice(Aus & Aman), vegetable (Kharif & Rabi), pineapple , banana, arecanut


15a- 4,375 15bi-25,625 15bii-137,194 15bii(i)-15,000 17 a-43,750 17 a(i)-5,625 Total - 231,569

Dhalai do 2,232 mm Rice(Aus & Aman), vegetable (Kharif & Rabi), pineapple , banana


15bi-170,000 15bii-93,000 15biii-25,750 15bii(i)-16,250 Total - 305,000

West Inceptisols, Ultisols, Alfisols

2,065 mm Rice(Aman & Boro), vegetable (Kharif & Rabi), pineapple, mango, banana, coconut

4 Mild Tropical plain zone

15bi-7,475 15biii-49,738 15bii-143,000 15a-92,125 15bii(i)-8,962 Total - 301,300

South Inceptisols, Entisol, Ultisols

2,678 mm Rice(Aman & Boro), vegetable (Kharif & Rabi), pineapple, mango, banana, cashewnut, coconut

Figure 2.6: Agroecological Zones of Tripura

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Figure 2.7: Monthly Rainfall (mm) and Number of Rainy Days in Tripura during 2013

of high productivity is most important for providing the ever increasing population with their basic needs on sustainable basis. Thereafter, basic and reliable data on soils is imperative for scientific utilization of these natural resources.

The soil of Tripura belongs to five orders, seven Suborder, nine Great Groups, and 19 subgroups. The soil orders are Inceptisols, Entisols, Ultisols, Alfisols, and Histosols which occupy 80, 9, 7, 5 and 0.2 per cent respectively. Erosion, drainage, flooding and waterlogging are the major soil problems in the state. Two categories of soil degradation processes are recognized in Tripura. The first relates to degradation by displacement of soil material, principally by water erosion. An assessment of soil degradation in Tripura indicates that 6.28 lakh ha (about 60 per cent of TGA) is affected by different types of degradation, of which water erosion predominates.

The soil of Tripura is acidic in nature ranging from slightly acidic (6.1 to 6.5) to extremely acidic (<4.5) (Table 2.4). More than 49 per cent of the state area belongs to strongly acidic category (5.1 to 5.5) (Figure 2.8). The organic carbon content is moderate. Majority of the soil (36 per cent of the state) have medium status (280 to 450 kg/hectare). Soils have low phosphorus content (33 per cent). Due to acidic nature phosphorous is fixed with Al and Fe. Most of the soils are rated as medium (140 to 340 kg/hectare). Soils are sufficient in terms of availability of Iron and Manganese content. More than 16 per cent area of the state is deficient (<0.5 mg/kg) in terms of available Zinc. The soil of Tripura (33 per cent area) is also deficient in terms of available copper (1.0 mg/kg).

2.6 Main Subsidiary Occupation

The economy of Tripura is primarily agrarian in nature. The agriculture and its allied activities contribute nearly 18 per cent to the state’s Net Domestic Product (NDP). Agriculture in Tripura includes traditional Jhum (shifting) cultivation. Agriculture and allied activities (like fisheries, animal husbandry, forest based livelihoods, etc.) provide a substantial part of the economic output and employment in the state. In fact, over 50 per cent of the total main workers depend on farm based work, with agricultural labourers forming a substantial part of the same. However, the availability of cultivable land is limited to just over a quarter of the total geographical area of the state. Over 90 per cent of the farmers belong to the categories of small and marginal farmers, with low land holdings.

The farming community has taken to cultivation of field crops (paddy, maize, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, jute, and mesta), horticulture (mainly fruits and vegetables), and floriculture as well as animal husbandry and pisciculture. Over half the population depends on agriculture and related activities for livelihood making farm the largest provider of employment and income (Table 2.5). Farming is generally in fragmented landholding.

2.7 Water and other Natural Resources

Inland Water Resources Tripura has a total geographical area of 7,878.76 hectares under water bodies. Gomati district has highest share with 37 per cent closely followed by Dhalai with 30 per cent of total state’s water resources (Figure 2.9 and Table 2.6). The remaining districts

Figure 2.8: Land Classification of Tripura State by Soil pH

FINAL REPORT


Table 2.4: Status of Soil Reaction (pH) in different districts of Tripura State (area in hectare)Class West South Dhalai North State

Extremely acidic 17,419.5 (5.81)

10,135 (4.70)

50,145 (19.65)

17,771 (6.30)

95,470.5 (9.09)

Very strongly acidic 91,038.7 (30.37)

82,239 (38.21)

55,311 (21.67)

28,090 (9.96)

256,678.7 (24.46)

Strongly acidic 150,587.28 (50.26)

112,094 (52.09)

58,515 (22.92)

195,085 (69.16)

516,281.28 (49.20)

Moderately acidic 15,761.60 (5.26)

4971 (2.31)

20,660 (8.10)

39,208 (13.90)

80,600.6 (7.68)

Slightly acidic 5,304.00 (1.76)

191 (0.10)

12,316 (4.82)

1,909 (0.68)

19,720 (1.87)

Table 2.5: Share of cultivators and agriculture laboureres (Main Workers) 2011

Cultivators Agricultural Labourers

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

28 27 28 18 17 24

Source: Census of India, 2011

have a small proportion of area under water resource that includes South with 3 per cent, North with 4 per cent, Unakoti with 3 per cent and Sepahijala with 3 per cent. Rivers, canals, and reservoirs are the major source of water in Tripura (Figure 2.10). There are seven rivers flowing through the state viz., Gomati, Manu, Haora, Burima, Khowai, Dhalai, and Juri (Table 2.7). Ground water resources have remained constant over the years with availability of total 2.19 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM) per year (Table 2.8). Sources wise water spread area (WSA) in the Districts of Tripura is given in Table 2.9.

Table 2.6: Area under water bodies across districts in Tripura State (2012–13)

S. No. Name of District Area ((in hectare).

1. North 337

2. Unakoti 254

3. Dhalai 2,336

4. Khowai 614

5. West 917

6. Sepahijala 251

7. Gomti 2,948

8. South 222

9. Tripura 7,879

2.8 Industrial EstablishmentsIndustrial development of any state reflects its stage of economic development. Tripura has witnessed slow industrial development on account of poor connectivity with main land India. There are about 1582 factories in Tripura engaging 6504 workers. There are 29 Tea industry which are predominantly situated in North,

Figure 2.9: District–wise Distributions of Water Bodies (in hectare) in Tripura State (Source Fishery

Department)Figure 2.10: Area under Water Bodies by Sources in

Tripura

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Table 2.7: Basic information of major and medium rivers in TripuraName of River

Name of State

Important Tributaries Catchment Area Average Annual Runoff (ml-cub-m)

Total Length of the River (km)

Nameof Discharge Collection Sites(Sq. km)

Gumti Tripura Sarma chhera, Malik chhera, Maharani chhera, San gang, Ganga chhera

2,492 Sonamura 2,748 at Sonamura

167 Sonamura, Udaipur

Manu Tripura Dep R, Chamanu chhera, Chailengtha chhera, Kanan chhera, Lakhmi chhera, Madhal chhera

2,278 Kailashar 2,273 at Kailashar

140 Kailashar, Kumarghat

Haora Tripura Donaigaon, 488 Bordwali 200 at Bardwali

53 Bardwali

Ghoramora, Debtagang, Champanadi, Debatila chhera

Burima Tripura Rangpani chhera 414 98 at Bishalgarh

54 Bishalgarh

Bishalgarh

Khowai Tripura Balu chhera, Jeel chhera, Chamal chhera, Ahiadia chhera, Bhaskar chhera,

1,328 Khowai 862 at Khowai

166 Khowai

Maharani chhera, Trirupa chhera, Samru chhera, Lal chhera

Dhalai Tripura Bahuri chhera, Chandrai chhera, Sofema chhera, Tamthung chhera, Surma chhera, Kulai chhera, Dalu chhera, Nali chhera

630 at Kamalpur 540 at Kamalpur

117 Kamalpur

Juri Tripura Deo chhera, Kakri chhera, Lal chhera, Bali chhera, Hakai N, Lchailal chhera

482 at Radhapur 155 at Radhapur

79 Radhapur

West and Unakoti Distict. Of total 34 Rubber plastic industries, 22 are located in West Tripura (Table 2.10). There are six industrial estates in the state located in Arundhutinagar, Badharghat, Dhajanagar, Dharmanagar, Kumarghat, and Dukli industrial area (Table 2.11). There are nine centrally sponsored projects on development of industrial infrastructure in Tripura state (Table 2.12). This includes one food processing and one rubber park in Bodhjungnagar, West Tripura. Industrial Infrastructural Development Centers (IIDCs)

Table 2.7.1 Total area under water bodies in TripuraDistrict River & Canals

(kms)Reservoirs Tanks & Ponds

(Lakh Ha.)Flood plain Lakes & Derelict Water bodies (Lakh Ha.)

Brackish Water (Lakh Ha.)

Total Water Bodies (Lakh Ha.)

Tripura 1,200 0.05 0.13 - - 0.18

India 195,210 29.07 24.14 7.98 12.4 73.59

Source: Annual Report 2010-11, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (data does not match fisheries deptt data)

Table 2.8: Annual Replenishable ground water resource (BCM/Year)

States

Total Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resource

2008 11.08.2010 25.08.2011

Tripura 2.19 2.19 2.19

India 433.03 433.02 433.02

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Table 2.9: Sources wise water spread area (WSA) in the Districts of Tripura

S. No.Name of District

Gram Panchayat Tanks Department TanksReservoir River

Less than 40 ha. More than 40 hectare

No WSA (ha) No. WSA (hectare) No. WSA (hectare) No. KM

1. North 22,588 2,866.8 0 0 0 0 1 79

2. Unakoti 14,869 1,910.82 0 0 0 0 1 140

3. Dhalai 23,385 3,767.04 0 0 Half 1,524.67 2 125.85

4. Khowai 21,753 2,787.13 0 0 0 0 1 166

5. West 21,707 2,446.42 0 0 0 0 1 35.9

6. Sepahijala 25,699 3,376.38 0 0 0 0 1 50

7. Gomti 25,720 4,490.93 0 0 Half 1,524.67 1 163.4

8. South 29,779 3,058.52 0 0 0 0 2 142.8

Grand Total 185,500 24,704.04 0 0 1 3,049.34 10 902.95

Table 2.10: Type and Number of Factories across Districts in Tripura as on March 31st, 2013District Stone/

BrickSaw mill

Tea In-dustry

Steel Fabrication

Rubber plastic

Electric Printing press

Engg Work-shop

Water treatment

Other Total Workers

West 110 42 7 185 22 7 61 115 39 144 732 22,852

Khowai 29 0 0 10 0 3 4 2 3 15 66 4,032

Sepahijala 30 8 1 58 3 0 8 7 4 40 159 5,195

South 59 2 2 15 3 0 4 12 5 13 115 7,502

Gomati 49 6 0 60 2 4 9 45 11 26 212 7,280

North 62 12 7 16 4 2 18 12 3 13 149 7,331

Unakoti 24 3 9 4 0 1 4 2 5 9 61 4,243

Dhalai 49 2 3 10 0 1 4 1 4 14 88 6,629

Tripura 412 75 29 358 34 18 112 196 74 274 1582 65,064

Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2012-13

Tables 2.11: Name of existing Industrial Estates/ Areas and other details, 2010-11

Sl. No. Name of Area No. of ShedsSheds for DPU/PSU

Private Allottee

Shed Land

Industrial Estate

1. Arundhutinagar 25 06 19 8.90

2. Badharghat 14 08 06 9.26

3. Dhajanagar 06 01 05 7.45

4. Dharmanagar 05 00 05 5.00

5. Kumarghat 17 03 07 25.66

6. Industrial area, Dukli Nil Nil Nil 33.00

Total 67 18 42 89.27

Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2010–11

FINAL REPORT


are to be set up in North Tripura, Dhalai, and South Tripura Districts. Each IIDC has to be developed over an area of about 4,050 acres. In North Tripura District, IIDC is being set up at Dewanpasha. The total project cost is Rs. 4.56 crore, of which Government of India has released Rs. 1.80 crore and the state’s share is about Rs. 1.80 crore. The states, share of Rs. 0.91 crore has also been released. In Dhalai District, land with a total area of 57.01 acres has been identified at Lalchari near Ambassa. In South Tripura District, 41.01 acres of land has been identified at Sarasima in Belonia. Moreover, at Jalefa in Sabroom, 38.62 acres of land has been identified. Majority of the industries are located in West Tripura.

Department of Commerce, Government of India has released fund under the scheme named Critical Infrastructure Balance Scheme (CIBS), now known as Assistance to the States for Infrastructure Development related to Exports (ASIDE) for four out of seven notified Land Custom Station. In 2013-14, largest items of import were cement, fish (including hilsa fish and dry fish), stone chips, PVC pipe, bricks, broken stones, lay flat tube, mattresses of cellular, rope of jute, ceramic

Table 2.12: Location–wise centrally sponsored schemes for industrial infrastructure in the State in 2010–11S. No.

Name of Project LocationArea (in acres)

Project Cost Status

1 Growth centre Bodhjungnagar,West Tripura

208.00 15.0 Completed

2 Bodhjungnagar export promotion industrial park

Bodhjungnagar,West Tripura


3 Food processing park Bodhjungnagar,West Tripura


4 Dewanpasa Integrated Infrstructure

Dewanpasa,North Tripura

45.00 4.56. Under implementation

5 Rubber park Bodhjungnagar,West Tripura

58.00 23.0 Under implementation

6 Industrial area Dukli,West Tripura


7 Extended growth centre Bodhjungnagar,West Tripura


8 Integrated infrastructure development centre

Belonia, South Tripura

49.78 5.0 Yet to be sanctioned

9 Integrated infrastructure development centre (Rs. 5.0 cr.)

Laicherra, Dhalai 57.01 5.0 Yet to be sanctioned

Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2010–11

tiles (glazed), cement, fabrics, furniture, cotton waste, palm/soya oil, and food items. Similarly, major items of export in 2013–14 were fresh ginger, sanitary ware, colour woven fabric, teipatta, agarbatti, wooden door, raw hides and skin of bovine, iron oxide, fruits, registrant latex, rubber thread, craft paper, and paper board.

In tune with the rest of India, the food processing industry in Tripura is mainly unorganized and works on a smaller scale. Own-account enterprises hold the highest share in the unorganized sector (Table 2.13). The huge presence of the unorganized sector can be attributed to the fact that most of the units in the unorganized sector are less capital intensive, and the easy availability of raw materials make it more attractive for small entrepreneurs.

Table 2.13: Number of unorganized manufacturing enterprises present in food processing industry in

Tripura (2010–11)

No. of Own Account Enterprises (OAE)

No. of Enterprises (Establishment)

Tripura 13,782 4,843

FINAL REPORT


2.9 Backdrop for PolicyThe Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) has been launched by the Government of India to incentivize states to increase the share of agriculture in their State Plans. This is in pursuance of the resolution adopted in the 53rd meeting of the National Development Council on Agriculture and related issues held on May 29, 2007 and pursuant upon the observations and suggestions of The Accountant General (Audit), Tripura on the Audit conducted for the period of eleventh Plan Period on RKVY implemented in Tripura State. The RKVY component of State Plans will be administered by the Union Ministry of Agriculture over and above its existing Centrally Sponsored Schemes. (The RKVY will incentivize states to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro– climatic conditions, natural resources, and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry, and fisheries more comprehensively). Special schemes for beneficiaries of land reforms would be introduced. Under the Scheme, the States will have the freedom to develop and pursue activities on the basis of their priorities through State and District Agriculture Plans.

To align with RKVY objectives and to achieve a target of 4.5 per cent agricultural growth rate, the Government of Tripura initiated the process of development of District and State Plan for the period 2015–20 involving all the allied departments of the Agriculture sector. The state agricultural production should take into account the market forces and quality requirement prevailing in the world market in order to orient the farmers and empower them to become globally competitive. The continued fragmentation of land holdings has made farming more uneconomical and challenging.

Keeping this in background, the state agri plan has been prepared. For this, it was decided to constitute the District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU) chaired by Sabhadipati of Zilla Parishad with the DM and Collector as Vice Chairman, and District developmental authority (DDA) as Member Secretary and elected representative of The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC), and Planning Officer of the Department of Agriculture as member secretary and other district officers of agriculture, and allied departmental representatives. Also included were KVK representatives from agriculture research station as the members of the task force. Block agriculture

Planning Unit (BAPU) was formulated with the Chairperson of the Panchayat Samiti/Block Advisory Committee as the chairman and president of Agri-standing committee as the Vice Chairman and Superintendent of Agriculture as the Member Secretary with the BDO,AD, ARDD/ Block level Veterinary Officer, SFs/ SH/DDH, progressive farmer etc. as members of the BAPU. Village Agriculture Planning unit (VAPU) was constituted with Chairperson of Gram Panchayat/ VDC as its Chairman and Agriculture Assistant as its Member Secretary with Livestock Supervisor, Fishery Assistant, progressive farmers, Panchayat Secretary, etc., as members. The state plan includes the programmes of allied departments like ARDD, Fisheries, Horticulture and Soil conservation, Sericulture, Minor Irrigation, and Watershed Development.

2.10 Development Vision and Strategy

Keeping in view the new perspective plan of Tripura, Comprehensive State Agriculture plan has been proposed for the period extending up to 2020 by efficient utilization of available natural resources (sector-wise).

� Extensive agriculture by converting areas under mono/double cropped into triple cropped where irrigation facility can be provided.

� Redevelopment and improvisation of Jhum and maximizing Jhum production.

� Promoting integrated livestock, fishery, and farming system at household level.

� Gainful utilization of forest land for sustainable farming and livelihood on which rights were vested with tribal forest dwellers.

� Encouragement of crop diversification and sustainable agriculture.

� Integrated Crop Management (ICM) to be encouraged.

� Area under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) to be increased.

� Popularizing hybrid paddy and maize cultivation to increase productivity.

� To put the economy on a sustainable growth path with a growth rate of about 8 per cent or above by the end of the plan so as to create productive employment at a faster pace and increase the annual agricultural growth at 4.5 per cent.

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� The vision is aimed to reduce the poverty and disparity by ensuring access to basic and fundamental needs.

� To sufficiently improve the income of the general people and bring about an improvement in their living condition.

� Self sufficiency in food, feed, fodder, vegetable, fish, dairy products, meat, and egg.

� Nutritional and economic security. � Maximization crop productivity with bio-intensive

crop management. � Modernisation of markets and marketing system. � Maximisation of water use efficiency and harvesting

rainwater.

2.11 Development Strategy for the State

� Realistic and time bound resource based planning and mobilization of all resources.

� To ensure self-sufficiency in the food grain production and development of allied sector thrust will be given on the extension of irrigation, adequate credit flow, timely availability of seeds and fertilizers, improve the seed replacement rate, transfer of the tested farming technologies such as dryland farming know-how in collaboration with ICAR development of infrastructure along with the development of a strong extension network.

� Use of biotechnology for enhancing food and nutritional security.

� Appropriate use of available land and water resources.

� Wise and judicious use of the cultivable land available without compromising development of the state.

SWOT Analysis of the state

CHAPTER 3

3.1 Introduction Before preparing the comprehensive state agriculture plan, an effort was made to analyse the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the state based on the focussed group discussions conducted in 100 villages across 8 districts of the state (Annexure-1). This helped us to prepare the plan effectively based on the strengths and weaknesses of the state and also future plans based on the opportunities and threats.

3.2 SWOT Analysis Sectore-wise SWOT analysis is provided below.

Agriculture

Strengths

� Average rainfall is 2,000 to 3,000 mm, distributed over 8-9 months in a year, conducive for agriculture

� Crop diversification has a good scope like maize, peas, etc., along with the staple crops, owing to the highly suitable agro-climatic conditions of the state

� Farming community is open to adopt new technologies and is hard working

� The programmes like NFSM and MIDH have good coverage

� Pulses, oilseeds, and peas have good scope there � Paddy and potato are the major crops giving good

returns � New technologies have been introduced and

accepted by the people, the most effective example being that of SRI

� A number of training programmes are organized by Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA)

Weakness

� Land holding of the farmer is very small, the average land holding is 0.54 hectare, thereby subjected to limited access to agricultural credit.

� More than 70 per cent of the cultivated area is under rain fed condition and rice which requires more water is cultivated in 90 per cent of the cultivated area. Assured and well managed irrigation is meager (are mostly seasonal depended).

� Unreliable input supply viz. fertilizer, seeds etc. � Single crop of paddy is vulnerable to risk and leads

to low level of productivity � Large area of the state remains fallow in the dry

season � Untrained traders of agricultural inputs and

unavailability of agricultural input distributor dealer network causing very less area under hybrid paddy. It has also made government more responsible for inputs

� Low per unit consumption of fertilizer � Low investment capacity of the farmers and

subsequently less farm mechanization � People have no technical support in case of

identifying proper plant protection chemicals for their crops; consequently, at times they end up applying wrong chemicals and wasting a lot of money

FINAL REPORT

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTURAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015–2020 18

� Untimely arrival and insufficient quantity of seeds and fertilizers at the agro stores due to transportation issues

� Insufficient technical manpower in field execution � Poor post-harvest infrastructure facilities � Lack of mechanized boilers in the rice mills � Lack of adequate surveillance system of pests and

diseases � Lack of profitable production technology especially

for the pulses and the oilseeds � Low per unit consumption of fertilizer and less

farm mechanization. Soil fertility is decreasing in the state due to non-use of micro nutrients. Farmers are ignorant about soil health, especially due to absence of soil health cards.

� Apathy of financial institutions towards credit disbursement

Opportunities

� Great scope to bring paddy area under High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) and Hybrid (HYB)

� Crop diversification and livelihood diversification is possible. Cultivation of pulses and oilseeds has already started under NFSM to retain the soil fertility and increase crop intensity of paddy in the next season, it could be encouraged more

� Bini rice can give good production in Jhum crops along with other vegetables

� Jhum crops can be promoted more being high in nutritional value and it fetches good price too being very close to organic, efforts should be made to make organic certification process easy for the Jhum crops

� Biofertilizers, biopesticides, and vermibeds should be promoted more

� Increasing the organic content of the soil through conservation tillage, otherwise known as Zero Tillage Method of farming to prevent erosion and resource conservation

� Scope for farm mechanization in various farm activities with the help of government agencies

� IPM demonstration, etc., can be easily transferred to the farmers

Threats

� Lack of irrigation facilities affects the production of the crops

� Deficiency of micro nutrients in irrigated area, resulting in decreased productivity

� Jhum crops are severely damaged due to heavy rains

� Monocropping leads to soil degradation and pest attack

� People are unaware of the right pesticides to be used as the market is totally privatized

� Soil erosion due to indiscriminate deforestation and lack of irrigation facilities

� Poor and unwise usage of the water harvesting potential

� Uneven distribution of rainfall leading to floods � Perennial sources of water are silted and water

table is low � The crops are destroyed by the elephants in the

Kalyanpur block � Monkey and elephant raiding in crop fields leads

to sudden and complete loss of the crops � Sand deposition in the crop field after heavy rainfall

or floods is a threat to crop productivity

Horticulture

Strength

� Rich germ plasm and presence of indigenous gene pool of the different varieties of the horticulture crops and paddy

� Cultivation of horticultural crops under MIDH has gained momentum and people are reaping huge benefits out of it, therefore it should be promoted at a large scale

� Pineapple and jackfruit have good production and unique taste

� Unconventional dry fruits like cashew nuts and almonds are also grown which earns good income

� Areca nut in Panisagar subdivision has been successfully produced by the government on a large scale and can be replicated at other places

� Widespread bamboo cultivation in forest and non-forest areas

� Tea of North Tripura is very famous - Manu valley tea has a brand name

Weaknesses

� The production of famous Jampui oranges is going down due to disease in plants and mis-management

FINAL REPORT

19SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE STATE

� Pineapple production was more but it was replaced with rubber and now rubber prices have fallen down drastically, leading to huge economic loss to the people

� Mushroom spawn production unit at Kumarghat is not functioning properly

� Lack of proper cold storage facilities in many districts

� Agro-processing units are not available in many districts

� Lemon production suffers loss due to the lack of maintenance as inputs are provided just once

� Bamboo production is going down drastically

Opportunities

� Large area under grapes, oranges, pineapples, lime, banana crops already exists which could be exploited for growing many vegetable and plantation crops such as inter crop like chilly, turmeric, ginger, tomato, etc., based on the suitability.

� Bamboo products (e.g. baskets, incense sticks, etc.) should be promoted as it fetches good price outside and will generate income for the people

� Areca nut, pineapple, and banana (Supri) production can be promoted on large scale in hilly ADC areas as the agro-climatic conditions are most suitable

� Betel palm, lemon, and watermelon can be promoted in the plain areas. Betel palm fetches very good price so it can be promoted in the state (Tulashikhar block has some successful plantations)

� There is great scope for agro forestry so dry land horticulture and agro forestry can be promoted in collaboration with ICAR

� Mushroom production can be promoted

� Nursery activities can be promoted to meet the growing demand for planting materials of horticulture crops

� Government has introduced the watermelon cultivation under MIDH which can be promoted at a large scale

� Scope for enhancing commercial cultivation of the fruits like mango, banana, pineapple, citrus, Amla, and all tropical and subtropical vegetables

� Expansion of area under horticulture by adopting micro irrigation, establishment of cold storage units, strengthening of extension activities by creating technical staff at the block level

� Agro processing units can be set up here both at the industry and household level as there is a good production of lemons, watermelons and pineapples

� Jhum pumpkin goes upto 2 kg in weight and fetches price upto even Rs. 100 per piece

� Orange is newly introduced and has a large scope to be promoted further

� Incense stick production was supported by an NGO but now it has stopped; it can be restarted with the government initiative.

Threats

� Lack of quality planting material � Old plantations

Irrigation

Strengths

� The state has rivers and many small cherras which help in creating irrigation potential for growing crops in the Rabi season

� The state has a good amount of rainfall in the months from April to September making it conducive for the cultivation of Kharif crops

Weaknesses � More than 70 per cent of the area is under rainfed

which affects the productivity of the agricultural crops, Irrigation sources are still a challenge; people suffer from water scarcity in dry season

� Many Lift Irrigation systems (LI) are in non-functional condition

� Heavy rains lead to flood-type situation, especially in areas near Juri river

Opportunities � As the area experiences good amount of rainfall,

rain water harvesting structures should be promoted � Promotion of micro irrigation, drip-sprinklers

irrigation in the high lands, bore well, lift irrigation, rain water harvesting, watershed development, is highly recommended.

Threats

� Lack of irrigation facilities � Uneven distribution of rainfall, leading to floods

FINAL REPORT


ARDDStrengths

� There is enough interest among the farming community to adopt crossbreed cattle, goats, pigs, poultry and duckery. This interest can be taken care of in order to promote livestock activities in the district.

� The world’s best breed of goat i.e. Black Bengal is predominant, West Tripura has got good conditions for goat development in Mohanpur - Barkathal blocks

� Traditional habit of rearing of pigs both exotic and local breeds in the Autonomous Disctrict Council (ADC) areas

� High involvement of women in goat, piggery, and poultry rearing

� State has good agro-climatic conditions for sheep and goat rearing and high involvement of women in animal rearing is a great strength of the state

� Existence of a number of SHGs is of great help in the marketing, processing, and supply of livestock products.

� There is a good market demand for meat, poultry, milk and eggs throughout the state. So, marketing prospects are quite high.

Weaknesses

� There is a traditional mind set among the farming community about livestock rearing as it is always considered only as subsidiary income.

� Shortage of fodder leads to decrease in the number of cattle feed for animals and birds. It is procured from outside the state, which increases the cost of feed.

� Negligible activities for the production of feed and fodder

� The high cost of the livestock and the feed for them hinders many people from rearing them

� Number of veterinary centres is less, lack of Artificial Insemination (AI) centre at village level

� Lack of improved breed of the cattle, Approx. 85% livestock is of local breeds that is the major reason for low production in the livestock products.

� Shortage of fodder and grazing land is a major shortcoming of the state and it makes difficult to the livestock rearing especially in rearing crossbreeds.

� High mortality rate of poultry birds due to diseases like Ranikhet discourages farmers to take up poultry as an alternative occupation.

Opportunities � Along with piggery, poultry, fishery, SHGs are very

active, they should be promoted more � There is scope for establishment of dairy and

poultry units � Export-oriented production of Black Bengal breed

of goat � There is a lot of scope for introduction of crossbreed/

high yielding varieties of cattle and poultry � Restoration of barren land into pasture land

can solve the problem of fodder shortage. Also, backyard fodder cultivation can be promoted.

� There is scope for cultivation of hybrid fodder crops for more yield

� Doorstep artificial insemination workers are rendering door to door service to cattle rearers for crossbreeding programme.

� Animal Resource Development Department (ARDD) continued its service for treatment and preventive measures towards animal health care for bringing down mortality and morbidity.

Threats � The ADC area people are mostly dependent on

piggery and poultry but at times due to remote locations, they suffer from huge loss as the veterinary services don’t reach them in time

� The diseases like Black quarter, FMD, Brutellosis in cattle; swine fever in pig; Ranikhet and IBD in poultry, and goatpox in goat are the major threats for the livestock production

� The border areas face the acute problem of cattle smuggling

� Inflow of processed milk and eggs from outside the state also poses a threat for developing livestock in the state

� Frequent crisis of fodder due to dry spells and lack of pasture land is a threat for the farmers opting for livestock rearing

FisheriesStrengths � The state has good number of fishery resources like

natural tanks, reservoirs, rivers, and canals

FINAL REPORT

21SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE STATE

� As fish is like major and most consumed commodity in the state of Tripura as a whole, there is high market demand for fish and as such there are widespread fish markets in the state

� Availability of fish seed is quite good with the support of the department

� Farmers are receptive about culturing fishes and prawns as they are serve both household consumption and local market needs

� Profitability in fish farming is high due to increased local demand for fish

Weaknesses

� People are either unaware of or unwilling for different varieties of fish

� Poor adoption of technology in fisheries � Inadequate number of fish seed/feed production

farms both in public and private sector hinders the development of fisheries in the state. Hatchery facilities are not up to the mark in the state

� Lack of scientific and modern training is the major weakness which leads to low productivity in fisheries

� Reluctance of farmers to put any input and there is sudden dryness of ponds

� Fisheries are hardly taken up as an occupation rather it is mostly done to meet domestic consumption needs and thus, there is very poor adoption of technology

� Non-availability of water throughout the year also makes it hard to adopt pisciculture on a commercial scale.

Opportunities

� In the blocks like Udaipur and Amarpur where there is surplus fish production, fish drying units can be put up

� There is still a large gap between the local demand and supply of fresh & dry fish and to meet the rising demand, fish is imported from neighbouring states. So there is good scope to increase the production to meet the local market demand.

� There is high potential available to export fish to neighbouring states as fish is a staple food throughout East & North East region

� Sepahijala has high area under lakes which is more than 60 per cent area in the state highlighting its potential for inland fisheries

Threats

� Sudden increase and decrease in water level poses a great threat for fish ponds and thus, affects production

� Occurrence of diseases in fish and unawareness about the same among farmers is a major threat to the fisheries in the district

Infrastructure and Marketing

Strengths

� Bee keeping has emerged as a very beneficial sector, NGOs are helping people in it in Teliamura block

� Existence of long international border facilities for cross border trade

� Wide varieties of forest species of timber and medicinal values

� PRI bodies are very strong in the state � Existence of supporting line departments � Successful training programmes are organized by

the government like for rubber plantation, SRI, etc. � Existence of local, weekly, and bi-weekly markets � SHGs are working towards many activities like

bee keeping, renting power tillers, preparing fish fodder for the fisheries department, etc.

Weaknesses

� Poor implementation of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) � Lack of adequate farmers exposure visits and

training in several modern techniques of farming � The transport infrastructure to far off places is still

to be improved � Shortage of staff, less investment, and lack of inputs

is a hurdle in sericulture development � Very poor road and electricity infrastructure at

some places like Nonacherra in Mungiakami block which further impacts their accessibility to basic necessities of life

� Weather forecasting facilities and technology transfer through the ICT is poor

� Tea estates owned by outsiders although provide employment to nearby villagers but deprive them of cultivating crops (due to lack of cultivable land) or rearing animals (animals get lured towards tea gardens creating problems for both the tea estate owners and the villagers)

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� Inadequate marketing mechanism and ineffective extension system

� Research activities are still at a nascent stage � Lack of disaster management facilities � Instability in market price � Number of VLWs should be increased, as of now

one VLW serves 5–6 gram panchayats

Opportunities

� SHGs should be promoted for the activities of all the sectors

� Bee keeping and sericulture could be a good option for extra income

� South Hurua GP in Kalacherra block is one of the most flourishing areas for sericulture in the state; it can be developed further and newer areas should be brought under it

Threats

� Absence of proper entrepreneurship in agriculture and allied sector

� The agro processing unit like NERAMAC near Pecharthal and mushroom spawn production unit at Kumarghat not functioning due to shortage of staff leading to economic loss

Development of Agriculture Sector

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Introduction The contribution from the agriculture sector towards the gross domestic product (GDP) remains predominant even after its nominal decline during the 11th plan period. In the year 2014, the share of agriculture and allied services was 18 per cent (Figure 4.1) in Tripura. Agriculture has an important potential demand base and source of primary products for the industry and

services sector in addition to supplying food and raw materials. Therefore, a better performance of the sector is highly required.

4.2 Land Use and Soil StatusAs per 2013–14 data, 60 per cent area of the state is forest covered and only 25 per cent is the net sown area, which is far below the national level of 43.40 per cent. Gross cropped area is 474,498 hectares with cropping intensity of 186 per cent. About 47 per cent of area is double cropped, while 20 per cent is triple cropped and 33 per cent is single cropped (Figure 4.2). By enhancing water availability, the single cropped area can also be brought into double cropped area. The state, therefore, needs to implement the post-perspective planning strategy by integrating agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry, and irrigation sub-sectors into a farming system approach to address the future demands of food effectively and efficiently.

Soil resource mapping The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP) undertook the task of soil resource mapping with the help of the Government of Tripura and financial assistance from the Rubber Board India for of the state as well as for generating soil database useful for land use planning on sustainable basis.

The soil resource mapping of Tripura has brought out some salient land characteristics in different parts of the state. The available data indicate different kinds of problems associated with soils such as depth, drainage, erosion, and flooding. This information is

Figure 4.1 Sector-wise Contribution in Tripura GDP in 2014

Figure 4.2: Cropping Intensity (Percentage)

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important for effective land use planning. The limiting soil characteristics, their extent, and distribution are described briefly in the following paragraphs.

Depth is an important soil characteristic that governs the choice of crops in a particular landscape since it helps better root development. About 93 per cent soil in Tripura is deep to very deep. Most of the soils in the valleys (lungas) as well are deep to very deep. Due to high degree of weathering, the hill soils are also deep to very deep and can support deep-rooted forest and plantation crops. Arable wetlands constitute 18.8 per cent of the total area of the state. They are located in the inter-hill basins that are narrow in the north, northeast, western, and southern part of the state and relatively broad in western and southern part of Tripura. These areas are characterized by an aquic moisture regime. These areas are traditionally utilized for paddy and some part of the river bed areas are also used for vegetable cultivation. Fishery and duckery are other promising activities.

4.3 Soil Suitability for Sustainable Agriculture Development

NBSS&LUP on the basis of the soil information, its suitability for different crops and present land use has suggested land pieces indicated as ‘window’. We are describing here the Jirania and Teliamura window.

Jirania WindowThe Jirania window encompasses the villages of Lakashipur, Kheaeyrpur, Bridhanagar, and Meklipara. About 50 per cent area of the window falls under the river bed alluvium of the Haora River. Part of this floodplain situated south of Agartala is sandier in nature, while the areas in the east are finer in texture. The drainage is poor in both the cases. Paddy is the traditional crop in this area. However, the river beds can profitably be utilized for vegetables to avail the market since the city is near the window (Table 4.1).

About 25 per cent area of the window is undulating plains and low mounds with very deep and well-drained soils. These are used for plantation crops as well as horticulture crops. However, these are suitable for a wide range of crops.

Table 4.1: Soils and Land Use of Jirania Window Area

Soil-Site Description (Mapping Unit)

Present Land Use

Suggested Land Use

Very deep, well-drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard under degraded forest

Plantation and horticultural crops

Coconut, papaya, arecanut, lemon, black pepper, rubber, ginger, turmeric, banana, pineapples

Very deep, well-drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard

Plantation and horticultural crops

Coconut, papaya, arecanut, lemon, black pepper, rubber, ginger, turmeric, banana, pineapples, betel vine, potato, jute, vegetables

Very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard under intensive cultivation associated with very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils and very deep, well drained, sandy soils

Paddy and potato

Betel vine, potato, jute, vegetables.

Teliamura WindowTeliamura and its nearby villages along the Khowai River are known as a profitable vegetable-growing area. This window covers villages such as Brahmacherra, Krishnapur, Moharcherra, and Laxmipur. More than half of the window area falls under the river valley, where the soils are clayey to clay loam, poorly drained, with the problem of flooding (Table 4.2). Part of this valley near the river bed has coarse loamy texture followed by a sandy layer. These are well-drained soils and area extensively cultivated for vegetables. Part of the area is also used for paddy.

About 25 per cent area falls under tilla lands where the soils are clay loam, well drained, and have poor nutrient holding capacities. These areas may be used

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25DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR

for plantation and horticulture crops. Few areas in this tilla lands fall under very narrow inter-hill basins, where the soils have poor to imperfect drainage. These are suited for paddy cultivation.

A small portion in the eastern side of the window has very deep, fine loamy soils with slight problem in drainage and soil erosion.

4.4 Agriculture and Land Holdings Fragmentation of land holding continues as a part of social phenomenon. The average size of holding has

Table 4.2: Soils and land use of Teliamura Window areaSoilsite Description (Mapping Unit) Present Land Use Suggested Land Use

Deep to very deep, well-drained, fine loamy soils on moderately slopping , moderately dissected, sideslopes of ridges having loamy surface with severe erosion hazard under dense forest with 10-20 per cent area under jhoom cultivation associated with deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy soils on the moderately steeply sloping ridges with moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness

Forestry Forestry and Agro-forestry

Very deep, moderately well-drained to well-drained, fine loamy soils on gently to moderately slopping undulating plains with low mounds having clay loam surface with moderate erosion hazard under moderately dense with cultivation in patches associated with very deep poorly to imperfectly drained fine loamy soils on very gently sloping narrow valleys with slight flooding hazard and moderate erosion hazard generally under paddy cultivation and very deep, well-drained , coarse loamy soils on gently slopping undulating plains

Plantation crops Agro-forestry and social forestry, paddy (in valleys), rubber(on low mounds)

Very deep, moderately well-drained clayey soils on the upland of gently to very gently slopping inter-hill valleys having fine loamy surface with moderate to slight erosion associated with very imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils on very gently sloping, narrow inter-hill valleys with slight erosion and very deep, poorly drained fine loamy soils on very gently sloping narrow inter-hill valley

Paddy Summer vegetables and paddy

very deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on very gently sloping flood plain having clay loam surface with survey flooding hazard and very slight erosion associated with very deep, poorly to very poorly drained, fine loamy soils and very deep moderately well drained, coarses loamy soils along with river belt (d)

Vegetable Summer Vegetables(kalrol, Brinjal) Winter Vegetables (Pea, Water-melon)

declined from 1.25 hectares in 1976–77 to 0.97 hectares in 1990–1991, which is the lowest amongst the seven sisters of the Northeast Region. The operational holdings in the state, as available from the data of Agricultural census, 2010–11, depicted in Table 4.3, has further declined to 0.53 hectares in 2011 (Table 4.4).

From the above-mentioned tables it is clear that 95 per cent of the total operational holdings in the state is below the size of 2 hectares and they operate 75 per cent of the operated area. In other words, only 5 per cent of operational holdings are in the size class

Table 4.3 Land Holdings in Tripura State (1990-91)i) Number of marginal holding (Below 1.0 hectare) 247,380 (82 per cent)

ii) Number of small holding (1.0 hec-2.0 hectare) 40,409 (13 per cent)

iii) i)

Number of medium and large holding (above 2.0 hectare) Area operated: Marginal holding (in hectare)

13,238 (5 per cent) 80,513 (44 per cent)

ii) Small holding (in hectare) 55,879 (31 per cent)

iii) Total marginal and small holdings (in hectare) (i+ ii) 136,392 (75 per cent)

iv) Medium and large holdings(in hectare) 44,829 (25 per cent)

Average size of holdings Total number holding(in nos) 301,027

Total operated area (in hectare) 181,221

Average size of holdings (in hectare) 0.60

Source: Agriculture Census of India, 1990–91

FINAL REPORT


of 2 hectares and above with 25 per cent of operated area. The average size of operational holdings has been declined in the state over the years, and it declined from 1.07 hectares in 1980–81 to 1.02 hectares in 1985–86 further to 0.97 hactares in 1990–91, 0.60 hectares in 1995–96, and 0.53 hectares in 2010–11. About 32 per cent of operational holdings belong to scheduled tribes (ST) and a 15 per cent operational

Table 4.4: District wise operational land holdings in Tripura (2011)

DistrictSize of Holding (in hectares)

Individual Holdings

Joint Holdings

Sub Total (Individual+Joint)

Institutional Holdings

Total Holdings

West Tripura All size class 0.36 0.55 0.3675 3.315 0.37

Sepahijala All size class 0.52 0.56 0.52 0.00 0.52

Khowai All size class 0.42 0.485 0.43 0.525 0.43

Gomati All size class 0.55 0.49 0.55 0.99 0.55

South Tripura All size class 0.53 0.72 0.53 3.83 0.53

Dhalai All size class 0.71 0.26 0.72 0.03 0.71

North Tripura All size class 0.62 0.96 0.65 3.6 0.65

Unakoti All size class 0.49 0.225 0.49 1.525 0.49

Tripura All size class 0.52 0.53 0.53 1.73 0.53

Source: Agriculture Census of India, 2010–11

Table 4.5: Land holding of Tripura depicting number of Farmers

Marginal Farmers Small FarmersMedium Large farmers (above 2.00 Hectares)

Total Landless

No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area

247,380 83,513 40,409 55,879 13,238 44,829 301,027 181,221 Yet to be assessed

Note: Less than 1 hectares marginal farmers, 1-2 hectares small farmers, 2-4 hectares semi- med, farmers, 4-10 hectares medium farmers, and more than 10 hectares: large farmers. Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2012–13

4.6: Varieties adaptable to Tripura (varieties released and recommended)SNo Crop Name Popular Variety New Varieties Recommended by ICAR

1 Paddy (dhan) a) Aus Paddy–NDR-97, Local varieties viz, Haittya, Jhum Malati, Aduma

b) Aman-MTU–7029, Puja, Ranjit, Pyzam, Kali Kasa, Hari Naraayan

c) Boro–Krishna Hamsa, Satabdi, NDR–359, IR 64, K.R.H-2

d) Others—Kali Kasa (Black Rice) only for Baishakh Season for festival

Tripura Khara 1, Tripura Khara 2, Tripura Jala, Tripura Chikan Dhan, Tripura Sarath, Tripura Nirogi, Tripura Hakuchu 1, Tripura Hakuchu 2, Tripura Aus

Naveen TRC–2005–I (Gomati Dhan)TRC–2005-3

2 Maize (makka) Navjyot , Vijay, Jhum varities, local

3 Green gram (moong bean/ moong)

Tripura Moong, Tripura Mashkolai

4 Wheat P.B.W–343

holdings belong to scheduled tribes (SC) communities of the state. According to Table 4.5, there are 247,380 marginal and 40,409 small farmers in Tripura.

4.5 Varieties of Major CropsList of the varieties popularly grown and recommended in the state is given in Table 4.6.

FINAL REPORT


4.6 Agriculture Crop Scenario and Yield Gap Analysis

In Tripura, cropping pattern is typical of a hilly region: Shifting cultivation in hill regions and settled farming in the plains. Rice is the major crop of the state with more than 88 per cent area under rice cultivation (Figure 4.3) followed by pulses and maize. The state grows three seasonal rice crops viz. Aush, Aman and Boro in the settled farming areas including wide range of food and non-food crops. Among the pulses, Arhar is a major crop. Other pulses are gram, black gram, lentil, and moong.

Food GrainAnalysis of area under food grain crops in Tripura from 2003 to 2010 reveals a declining pattern in 2009–10 (Figure 4.4); however, it increased during 2011–12 (Figure 4.5). The cropping intensity has increased significantly from 172 per cent in 2000–01 to 186 per cent in 2013–14 after declining pattern till 2010

(Figure 4.6). There has also been an improvement in production of major crops in Tripura after the year 2010. Area under food grain production has increased from 258,500 hectares in 2001–02 to 278,600 hectares in 2011–12. Food grain production in Tripura has increased from 597,500 MT in 2001–02 to 729,900 MT in 2011–12 (Figure 4.7). Yield has also enhanced

Figure 4.3: Cropping Pattern in Tripura

Figure 4.4: Trends in area(‘000 hectare) Under Major Crops in Tripura, 2003–04 to 2009–2010

Figure 4.5: Area, Production, and Yield of Food Grains in Tripura (Source: NEDFI)

Figure 4.6: Trend in Cropping Intensity of Tripura

Figure 4.7: Trend in Production (in MT) of Major Crops of Tripura

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from 2,111 kg/hectares in 2001–02 to 2,620 Kg/hectares. Distric-wise area and production of major crops of Tripura is provided at Table 4.7.

Rice Rice is the major food grain in Tripura. It is cultivated in three seasons. Highest area is under Aman followed by Boro (Figure 4.8). To enhance the productivity of

Table 4.7: Area, production, and yield of major crops in Tripura (area in hectares, Production in tonnes, yield in kg/hectres)

Rice Tripura North Unakoti Dhalai Khowai West Sepahijala Gomati South

Area 254,254 32,584 17,245 32,839 24,338 24,283 49,364 31,355 42,246

Production 711,831 82,938 47,101 82,847 69,580 69,932 145,436 92,293 121,704

Yield 2,800 2,545 2,731 2,523 2,859 2,880 2,946 2,943 2,881

Maize

Area 4,549 938 310 862 511 382 490 327 729

Production 5,805 1,153 438 1,141 613 514 617 425 904

Yield 1,276 1,229 1,413 1,324 1,200 1,346 1,259 1,300 1,240

Pulses

Area 12,150 1,162 2,974 1,437 756 658 521 2,032 12,150

Production 8,696 828 2,032 1,087 539 464 425 1,479 8,696

Yield 728 708 695 760 713 705 868 750 728

Oilseeds

Area 3,086 295 207 1,052 294 180 247 259 552

Production 1,990 169 151 635 165 123 155 152 440

Yield 844 775 1130 791 871 863 812 828 901

Potato

Area 6,700 1,139 986 457 787 620 1,761 681 269

Production 116,198 23,265 17,470 7,182 15,509 11,625 27,699 9,635 3,813

Yield 16,568 17,967 18,051 16,022 19,125 18,051 16,267 14,148 13,433

rice, system of rice intensification (SRI) was introduced in the state through demonstration in the year 2002–03 with 9 hectares land, which increased to 14,678 during 2006–07 (Figure 4.9). It increased to 92,341 during 2013–14 with 41 per cent share of the rice area under SRI (Figure 4.10). The success of SRI is prominent in Tripura. SRI area during Aman season is highest closely followed by Boro season (Figure 4.11). SRI has

Figure 4.8: Area (1000 hectares) under Different Methods of Rice Cultivation in Tripura 2004–2010

Figure 4.9: Trend in Area under SRI , High Yielding Varity (HYV) Paddy, and Hybrid Paddy in Tripura

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contributed significantly in enhancing the production of rice from 7 per cent during 2006–07 to 42 per cent increase during 2013-14 (Figure 4.12).

Pattern of growth in rice

Growth of area, production, and yield of rice during past half a decade has been impressive. The growth rate of area varies from 1.51 per cent in Sepahijala to 15.51 per cent in North district as compared to 4.22 per cent at state level (Table 4.8). Similarly, production growth rate varies from 1.38 per cent in Sepahijala to 16.68 per cent in North district. The yield growth is almost uniform across districts, except in Khowai and West district, where impressive growth in yield occurred.

After attaining self-sufficiency in food grain production, further focus should be on enhancing coverage under SRI and release the land for crop diversification.

Figure 4.10: Trend in Percentage Share of Area and Production of SRI in Tripura in 2006–14

Figure 4.11: SRI Area in Three Different Seasons in Tripura (in thousand hectares)

Figure 4.12: Trend in Percentage Increase in Rice production Due to SRI

Maize

Maize is also cultivated in the state in an area of 3,743 hectares with production of 5,058 MT and yield of 1,351 Kg/hectares. Dhalai district has highest area under maize cultivation in the state with 1,041 hectares area under maize cultivation. Area under wheat crop is only 334 hectares with maximum in Dhalai district (100 hectares) during 2012–13. The production of wheat during same year was 827 MT with average yield of 2,476 Kg/hectares.

PulsesTripura state has 8,500 hectares of land under pulse cultivation as per 2012–13 estimates ranking twenty fourth among Indian states (Table 4.9). The production of pulses has doubled from 44,000 MT in 1999–2000 to 89,000 MT during 2013–14 (Figure 4.13). Figure 4.14 depicts the area, production, and yield of different pulses during Rabi and Kharif season in 2012–13. Among the pulses Arhar is the major pulse of the state with 1,497.5 hectares area in 2012–13. Other pulses are gram, black gram, lentil, and moong (Figure 4.15).

Table 4.8: Compound growth rate of area, production and yield of rice

Growth Rate in Percentage

District Area Production Yield

Dhalai 11.81 14.14 2.18

Gomati 0.81 0.93 1.74

Khowai 11.43 10.60 4.15

North 15.51 16.80 2.69

Sepahijala 1.51 1.38 2.61

South 4.88 4.62 2.65

Unakoti 5.72 6.61 2.09

West 4.81 5.58 3.80

Tripura 4.22 4.23 2.29

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Table 4.9: Area under pulse cultivation in TripuraArea (in thousand hectares)

Pulses Ranking

2011–12 2012–13 2013–14

Tripura 8.6 8.5 - Twenth forth

India 24,462.2 23,256.8 25,227.0

Figure 4.13: Trend in Production of Pulses in Tripura (in Lakh MT)

Figure 4.14: Area, Production, and Yield of Different Pulses during Rabi Season during 2012–13.

Figure 4.15: Area, Production, and Yield of Different Pulses during Kharif Season during 2012–13

Figure 4.16: Area, Production, and Yield of Various Oilseeds in Tripura

OilseedsRapeseed, mustard, and sesamum are the major oilseeds grown in Tripura with 44 per cent (2,132 hectares) and 43 per cent (2,085 hectares) of area under rapeseed mustard, and sesamum respectively, (Table 4.10, Figures 4.16 and 4.17).

Cash CropsCotton, jute, mesta, and sugarcane are the commercial crops of Tripura. Tripura’s cotton is short-stapled, and in Kolkata market, this is commonly called “Comilla Cotton.” Kanchanpur in North District and Chawmanu and Salema in Dhalai District have comparatively more area under cotton (Figure 4.18). Amarpur in South Tripura also has more cotton as compared to other sub-divisions in the South Tripura.

The area under cotton crop in the state is very small, that is, 922 hectares with production of 1,341 MT and yield of 1.45 Kg/hectares (Table 4.11).

Area under jute cultivation is high in South and North Tripura (Figure 4.19). Area under jute crop in the state is 639 hectares (Table 4.12).

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.10: Oilseed production in Tripura Area in Hectares Production in MT Yield in Kg/Hectares

Crop 2012–13 2011–12 2012–13 2011–12 2012–13 2011–12

RM 2,132 2,131 1,701 1,683 797.8424 789.7701

Sesamum 2,085 1,942 1,188 1,095 569.7842 563.8517

R G NUT 365 369 480 480 1,315.068 1,300.813

KGNUT 232 219 251.162 235 1,082.595 1,073.059

Total 4,814 4,661 3,620.162 3,493 3,765.29 3,727.494

Figure 4.17: Percentage Share of Area of Various Oilseeds in Tripura

Figure 4.18:Agri Sub-Division Wise Final Estimate of Cotton During 2012-13

Mesta crop is grown across Tripua on small scale except Mandai and Dukli agricultural sub-division (Figure 4.20 and Table 4.13) with total area of 641 hectares.

Figure 4.19: Agricultural Sub–Division Wise Final Estimate of Jute During 2012–13

Table 4.11: Area, production and yield of cotton in Tripura during 2011–12 and 2012–13

Area in Hectares

Production in MT

Yield in Kg/Hectares

2012–13

2011–12

2012–13

2011–12

2012–13

2011–12

922 949 1,341 1,348 1.45 1.42

Table 4.12: Area, production and yield of jute in Tripura

Area in Hect. Production in MT Yield in Kg/Hectares

2012–13

2011–12

2012–13

2011– 12

2012–13

2011–12

639.5 639 5,261 5,483 8.23 8.58

Table 4.13: Area, production and yield of mesta in Tripura

Area in Hectares Production in MT Yield in Kg/Hectars

2012–13

2011–12

2012–13

2011–12

2012–13 2011–12

641 628 5,077 5,212 7.92 8.30

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Sugarcane in Tripura is grown in 898 hectares area on small level in almost all agricultural-sub-divion except Tulshikar. Gandachhera started cultivation during 2012–13 (Table 4.14 and Figure 4.21).

Figure 4.20: Agricultural Sub-Division-Wise Final Estimate of Mesta during 2012–13

Figure 4.21: Agricultural Sub-Division-Wise Final Estimate of Sugercane during 2012–13

Rice yields in the Tripura with 2,800 Kg/Ha are more than the national average of 2,424 Kg/Ha (Figure 4.23). Main reason for enhanced crop yield of rice is adoption of SRI practice. However they have still not reached to the maximum yield reported in frontline demonstrations with SRI practices, that is 3,500 Kg/Ha to 7,000 Kg/Ha. Therefore, there is a plenty of scope to enhance productivity of rice.

Yield of pulses and wheat in Tripura is lower than the national average (Figure 4.23). Wheat yield is 1,075 Kg less while pulses are 147 Kg less. Figure 4.24 provides

Table 4.14: Area, production and yield of sugarcane in Tripura

Area in Hectares Production in MT Yield in Kg/Hectares

2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12

898.9 921 45,437 45,002 50,547 48,862

Yield GapTrend in productivity of various crops in Tripura reveals that except rice and maize productivity of all other crops has either remained stagnant or declined, as in case of wheat (Figure 4.22).

Figure 4.23: Yield Comparison of Major Crops with Indian Average

Figure 4.24 Crop-wise Yield Gap

Figure 4.22: Trend in Productivity (Kg/Ha) of Various Crops in Tripura

FINAL REPORT


Figure 4.25: Production Gap in Food Grains

crop-wise yield gap. Yield gap is very high in case of maize. Against Indian average of 2,478 Kg/Ha, yield of maize in Tripura is only 1,311. Yield gap in wheat is 701 Kg. Among pulses, productivity of Arhar is 716 Kg/Ha against India average of 806 Kg/Ha reflecting yield gap of 90 Kg. Gram yield gap is 404 Kg. Among oilseeds, productivity of sesamum is better in Tripura than the national average of 420 Kg/Ha. But rapeseed–mustard productivity is lower by 436 Kg with state average of 798 Kg/Ha as compared to 1,234 Kg/Ha yield in India.

Year-wise targets and achievements of area and production for the XI and XII plan are provided in Table 4.15. The achievement varies from 45 per cent in jute and mesta to 103 per cent for maize area. In production, it varied from 34 per cent in oilseed to 85

Table 4.15: Monitor able Targets and Achievements (Area in ‘000 Ha)

CropTarget of XI Plan

Achieve- ment ofXI Plan

Percentage achieved

Target of 12th Plan

Target 2012–13

Achieve-ment 2012–13

PercentageAchieved

Target 2013–14

Antici- pated Achievement 2013–14

Target 2014–15

Rice 275.076 265.999 96.70 290.3 275.6 254.743 92.432 276.3 254.254 278.3

Wheat 0.665 0.274 41.20 1 1 0.65 65 1 0.45 1

Maize 5 5.184 103.68 16 5 4.639 92.78 6.9 4.549 11.64

Pulses 12.5 8.582 68.65 25 10 8.439 84.39 14.28 12.15 22.14

Oilseeds 10 4.661 46.61 17.1 7.5 4.814 64.18 10.19 6.086 14.74

Cotton 1.44 0.949 65.90 1.75 1.5 0.922 61.47 1.55 0.949 1.6

Jute & Mesta

2.77 1.267 45.74 3.2 2.7 0.881 32.63 2.85 1.497 3

Sugarcane 1.35 0.921 68.22 1.55 1.3 0.899 69.15 1.36 0.964 1.45

Proposed cropping Intensity

190% 186% 192%

Source: Economic Review

per cent in rice (Table 4.15). The production gap in food grains has reduced over the period of time from 1.54 to 1.29 lakh tonne (Figure 4.25).

Table 4.16: Monitor able Targets and Achievements (production in ‘000 tons)

CropTarget of XI plan

Achieve -mentXI plan

Percentageachieved

Target of 12th Plan

Target 2012–13

Ach 2012–13

Percentage achieved

Target 2013–14

Antici-pated Ach 2013–14

Target of 2014–15

Rice 839.141 718.304 85.60 876.66 763.006 713.222 93.48 791.16 748.379 825.26

Wheat 1.3 0.536 41.23 2 2 1.3 65.00 2 0.9 2

Maize 10 5.058 50.58 24.256 6.625 4.703 70.99 9.143 5.805 15.423

Pulses 11.251 6.005 53.37 21 7.5 5.958 79.44 11.067 8.696 17.714

Oilseeds 10.19 3.493 34.28 17.45 6.025 3.62 60.08 8.641 4.645 13.135

Cotton 2.138 1.348 63.05 2.905 2.25 1.341 59.60 2.403 1.395 2.528

Jute &

Mesta

21.752 10.695 49.17 36.083 24.75 10.338 41.77 27.445 12.372 30.635

Sugarcane 67.475 45.002 66.69 94.101 71.5 45.436 63.55 76.67 49.598 83.787

FINAL REPORT


4.7 Input managementSeedsSeed replacement rate (SRR) of high yielding varieties (HYVs) has increased from 2.8 per cent in 1999 to 33 per cent in 2013–14 (Figures 4.26 and 4.27). The state was fully dependent for HYV seeds from outside, but special initiatives were taken to make the state self-sufficient in respect of HYV seeds. Now, the state is producing surplus quantity of HYV seeds. The surplus production is being marketed to the neighboring seven North eastern states through National Seed Corporation (NSC). The status of seeds production for paddy and its supply to NSC over last three years is presented in the Figure 4.27.

Biofertilizer and FertilizersBiofertlizer popularization in the state started during 2000–01 and has increased significantly from 2010–11 onwards (Figures 4.28 and 4.29). Three bio-fertilizer production centers at Udaipur, Dharmanagar, and Ambassa are functioning under Public–Private Partnership (PPP) model.

Figure 4.26: Trend in SRR of HYV Seeds in Tripura

Figure 4.27: Seed Production in Tripura

Consumption of chemical Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium (NPK) fertilizer has increased from 4 Kg/Ha in 1999 to 60 Kg/Ha during 2013–14 (Figure 4.30). Total consumption of the chemical fertlilizer has also increased four times from 15,940 MT during 2010-11 to 70,160 MT during 2013–14 (Table 4.17a). Among different fertilizers, Urea and SSP are the main fertilizer applied in Tripura. A total of 64 per cent of the Urea, 51 per cent of SSP, and 58 per cent MoP is distributed through government channels (Tables 4.17–4.19 and Figure 4.31). Among various districts, West Tripura has highest consumption followed by South Tripura. Dhalai district has very low fertilizer consumption (Table 4.21). Fertilizer requirement is equally distributed in Kharif and Rabi season in West and North Tripura however in South Tripura, fertilizer requirement is more during Rabi season, and in Dhalai, it is more during Kharif season. West Tripura also has highest NPK consumption of 76 kg/hectares against state average of 60 kg/

Figure 4.28: Trend in Biofertilizer Use (in MT) in Tripura

Figure 4.29: Biofertilizer production (in MT) in Tripura

FINAL REPORT


hectares South Tripura is below than the state average with 46 kg/ha while Dhalai has very low that is 19 kg/hectares (Table 4.21). Against the ideal NPK ratio of 4:2:1 Tripura has NPK ratio of 2.5:1.8:1, which varies across the districts (Table 4.22). Availability of fertilizer in Tripura on a whole is very low as is clear from the fact that only 50 per cent of the urea required to the state was available for application during 2013–14 (Table 4.23).

Figure 4.30: Trend in NPK consumption (Kg/hectares)

Table 4.17a: Consumption of fertilizer ) in Tripura (in thousand Tonnes)

State 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14

Tripura 15.94 18.64 25.44 70.16

Table 4.17b: Supply of fertilizers by different channels in 2013-14

Name of the ChannelName of Fertilizer

Urea SSP RP MOP DAP

Government channel 14,228.428 MT 15,921.080 MT 9.711 MT 4,563.360 MT 0.000 MT

Private channel 7,924.831 MT 15,129.210 MT 5,281.834 MT 3,342.757 MT 3,705.105 MT

Grand total 22,153.259 MT 31,050.290 MT 5,291.545 MT 7,906.117 MT 3,705.105 MT

Table 4.18: Supply of fertilizers by different channel (in thousand Tonne 2014–15 April 14 to Dec 14

Name of the ChannelName of Fertilizer

Urea SSP RP MOP DAP

Government channel 8,311.225 MT 7,994.125 MT 0.241 MT 2,223.645 MT 0.000 MT

Private channel 4,163.463 MT 6,963.260 MT 7,982.155 MT 2,043.095 MT 1,713.131MT

Grand total 12,474.688 MT 14,957.385 MT 7,982.396 MT 4,266.740 MT 1,713.131 MT

Table 4.19: Fertilizer utilization for last five yearsName of Fertilizer 2009–10 2010–11 2011–13 2012–13 2013–14

Urea 41,600 MT 50,000 MT 51,000 MT 51,000 MT 53,282 MT

SSP 16,125 MT 48,200 MT 49,400 MT 48,000 MT 54,657 MT

MOP 7,200 MT 18,300 MT 19,300 MT 17,000 MT 18,026 MT

Main constraints with regard to bio-fertilizer and fertilizers are: � Low availability � Untimely supply � 50 per cent of share is held by private sector, which

leads to increase in price of the inputs � NPK ratio is not ideal � Varied consumption pattern among district.

Strategies to overcome the problem are: � Promote bio-fertilizer use � Set-up more bio-fertilizer production units, at least

one in each agricultural subdivision.

Figure 4.31: Percentage Share of Fertilizer Consumption by Government and Private Channel

FINAL REPORT


� Promote vermicompost at large scale: some districts have done really well in promoting vermi composting

� Enhance availability of chemical fertilizers through agri-stores with ensured timely supply

Table 4:20: District-wise season-wise consumption of Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash in Tripura (2013–2014) (in Tonne)

District Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P2O5) Potash (K2O) N+P2O5+K2O

Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total

West Tripura 2,436 2,706 5,142 3,014 2,401 5,415 1,153 1,016 2,169 6,603 6,123 1,2726

South Tripura 1,402 2,235 3,637 763 857 1,620 538 855 1,393 2,703 3,947 6,650

North Tripura 711 645 1,356 295 352 647 252 278 530 1,258 1,275 2,533

Dhalai 395 130 525 159 50 209 182 70 252 736 250 986

Tripura 4,944 5,716 10,660 4,231 3,660 7,891 2,125 2,219 4,344 11,300 11,595 22,895

Source: Fertiliser Association of India

Table 4.23: Requirement, availability, and sales of fertilizers(Figures in LMT)

States/UTs

2013-2014 2014–2015 (up to June 2014)

Urea Phosphate and Potash Urea Phosphate and Potash

Require-ment

Availability Sales Require-ment

Avail-ability

Sales Require-ment

Avail-ability

Sales Require-ment

Avail-ability

Sales

Tripura 0.53 0.22 0.2 0.17 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.1 0.06 0.08 0 0

India 316.9 306.75 304.54 252.37 175.57 165.64 66.04 69.17 57.26 51.1 40.18 23.68

Table 4.22: Season-wise consumption ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O in districts (Tripura) (2013–2014)District Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P2O5) Potash (K2O)

Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total

West Tripura 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

South Tripura 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

North Tripura 2.8 2.3 2.6 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

Dhalai 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

Tripura 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

� Promotion of leguminous crop to enhance soil fertility.

Bio-pesticides and pesticides Sole reliance on chemical pesticides and their indiscriminate and unilateral use as plant protection tool involves three ‘R’ (Resurgence, Resistance, and Residue) problems resulting in environmental and human contamination. Owing to this, pesticide demand has fluctuating trend (Table 4.24). Crop protection measures ought to be such that they are environmentally benign and safe for human consumption, which will help in maintaining the natural enemies of the pests in a balance state. One state bio-control laboratory was set up in the state in the year 2001 for mass production of bio-agents for their field application. The products

Table 4.21: District-wise fertilizer consumption per unit (Tripura)

(2013–2014) (in Kg./hectares)District N P2O5 K2O NPK

West Tripura 31 32 13 76

South Tripura 25 11 10 46

North Tripura 20 10 8 37

Dhalai 10 4 5 19

Tripura 25 18 10 53

FINAL REPORT


of state bio-control laboratory are nowadays popular under the brand name of ‘TRIP’ (viz. TRIP TV, TRIP TH, TRIP FLURO, TRIP BACIL, TRIP GRAMMA, AND TRIP GREEN) among the farmers of Tripura. More such bio pesticide production units are set-up in the state.

Demand of the bio-pesticide has increased over the years (Table 4.25). There is a need to strengthen

4.25: Demand and consumption of bio-pesticides in (Kharif and Rabi) season in Tripura and India (MT)(2011–2012 and 2012–2013-up to September 13, 2012)

States/UTs

Kharif Rabi Total 2011–12 Projected Demand for 2012–13Estimated Demand

Actual Consumption

Estimated Demand

Actual Consumption

Estimated Demand

Actual Consumption

Kharif Rabi Total Demand

Tripura 145.39 100.03 93.47 63.12 238.86 163.15 145.01 91.67 236.68

India 5,314.43 2,914.67 3,268.32 1,926.16 8,582.75 5,170.69 4,602.26 3,136.33 7,738.59

Table 4.24: Demand (MT technical grade) of chemical pesticides in Tripura and India

Year Tripura India

1998–1999 34 57,240

1999–2000 30 54,135

2000–2001 30 50,464

2001–2002 25 50,022

2002–2003 25 49,220

2003–2004 18 48,736

2004–2005 18 45,412

2005–2006 28 44,324

2006–2007 25 43,718

2007–2008 25 42,827

2009–2010 40 42,264

2010–2011 36 54,637

2011–2012 45 59,046

Projected 2012–13 30 55,590

the promotion of bio-pesticide to reduce the bad effects of synthetic pesticides. There are many new bio-pesticides that are registered in India like Neem, Karanja, Eucalyptus leaf extract, etc. however, they are not available in the state. The state should make efforts to introduce them through demonstrations for the benefit of the farmers as pest and disease pressure lead to up to 30 per cent of crop loss.

4.8 MechanizationFor promotion of agricultural mechanization, the strategy and programmes of the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India, have been directed towards promotion of eco-friendly and selective agricultural equipment. The aim is to optimally and efficiently utilize the different sources of human, animal, and mechanical/electrical power; increasing productivity of land and labour; improving supply and quality of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water; improving the quality of the farm operations by promoting equipment having appropriate technology thereby reducing the cost of production and the drudgery associated with various agricultural operations. The total farm power availability in India is estimated to have increased from 0.295 kw/hectare in 1971–72 to 1.502 kw/hectare in 2005–06.

Table 4.26: Status of farm mechanization in TripuraImplements 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12

Power tiller distribution 808 201 373 1,281 1,000

Paddy reaper harvester 14 24 2 0 0

Paddy transplanter 0 0 0 0 0

Other improved farm implements, such as paddy weeder, paddle thresher etc.

43,956* 16,623 13,188* 12,786 37,157

* SRI marker

FINAL REPORT


Tripura has been slow in Mechanization. Main equipment reported are for paddy crop, particularly power tiller whose number increased from 808 in 2007–08 to 1,000 during 2011–12 (Table 4.26). Other farming implements are paddy reaper harvester and SRI marker.

Scope of Farm Mechanization in the StateThe total farm power available in the state is 0.99 hp/hectares which is quite low as compared to the national average. As farm power is limited, most of the agricultural operations are performed by using animated power source. Engine and electric motors are rarely used in irrigated area as a source of power. Since most of the farm operations are done using manual power and in the hilly regions by conventional hand tools, there is a great scope of using improved type of hand tools in the field of agriculture. The major crops grown in the state are: rice, maize, pulses, and oilseeds. The seed bed operation should be mechanized by introducing small size tractor and power tiller as a source of farm power. For sowing seed, improved type of seed drill and zero tillage seed drill may be used. For harvesting of paddy, self-propelled reapers and for threshing, multi-crop threshers may be introduced. In the hilly region, pedal operated thresher may be used.

4.9 Climate changeClimate change is a major concern in current decades that affects the agriculture productivity. Climate is related to natural balance of environment, which is getting disturbed by pollution, increasing unregulated industrialization, and human activity. The outcomes of climate change affected agriculture by unpredicted rain, flood, and drought in the state. Climate change is impairing agriculture production. Floods and drought are threats to the agriculture crop. In the recent past, frequent flooding has been observed, August and November 2002, May and June 2003, June 2004, September 2005, June to November 2007, March and April 2010, May 2011, May 2013, affecting Aush rice, sesamum, groundnut, boro paddy, summer vegetable, beetle vine, Jute, Mesta. Heavy showers and hailstorm also caused several damage to paddy, vegetables, and pulses.

Drought-like situation during April to July 2009, dry spell during December 2008 to March 2009, November 2011 to March 2012, affected potato, boro paddy, papaya, ground nut, sugarcane, watermelons, oilseed (Table 4.27).

Strategies to Combat Climate Change:There is a need to make enough provision of rain water harvesting, building proper drainage system to avoid

Table 4.27 Calamity report for the last ten years inTripura from 2002–03 to 2011–12Year Calamity /Month Crops Damaged Area

AffectedArea Damaged

Production Loss (MT)

Value No. of Families affected(Hectare) (Hectare) (Rs in Lakhs)

2002–03 Flood and hailstrom (May–August 2002 and November 2002)

Boro paddy 7,330 545.51 877.15 75.04 24,055

Aush Seedling 245.5 44.45 0 0.52

Aush Paddy 1,663 277.2 667.75 35.17

Seasamun 64 9.58 4 0.4

Kh. Pulses 63 9 3.78 0.56

Summer Vegetables 1,937 430 2,995 198

Beetalvine 41 15 0 62

Jute 110 35 36.45(B) 1

Mesta 26 26 5.71(B) 0

Horti. Crops 254 65 430 42

2003–04 Flood (May and June 2003 and December 2003)

Aman Paddy 88 44 110 5.52 46,532

Potato 4,192 1,050 16,768 658.46

Vegetables 1,148 580 5,738 262.19

Wheat 5 1.6 2 0.16

Others 1,120 280 842 98.41

2004–05 Flood (June) Aus paddy 4,153 695.132 1,927.05 96.352 32,530

Aman paddy 18,593 5,212 14,476 980.05

FINAL REPORT


2005–06 Flood in September 2005

Aush 31 19 57 3.99 10,132

Aman 3,398 2,601 7,803.4 546.54

Summer Vegetables 235 164 654 45.78

Sesamun (chilli and Jhum)

156 108 87 25.09

Pulses 88 70 42.24 2.96

2006–07 Hailstrom in February 2007

Potato 3,625 305 5,570 279 7,177

Winter vegetables 3,288 182 1,824 418 3,870

Paddy seedbed 2,004 53 256

Bettlevine 332 22 33 Lakhs 4 387

Water melon 32 20 294 15 139

Cashe nut 2,181 52 16 3 185

2007–08 Flood in June, July, September, October and November 2007

Aush 2,318 1,706 6,061 477.27 67,433

Amam seedling 4,056 3,078 769 67.3 3,492

Boro paddy 3,045 1,527 5,346 427.65 8,478

Aman 18,690 11,396 46,226 3,381.76 22,612

Winter vegetables 2,745 2,261 7,880 994.39 9,657

Mustard 35 12 3 0.85 53

Bettlevine 9 5 45 Lakh leaves

4.2 25

2008–09 Heavy October 24–27, 2008)

Aman paddy 91,054 176.94 619.29 49.54 6,025

Vegatables 2,381 337.65 337.65 33.77 5,019

Kharif pulses 110.2 2 1.2 0.23 75

Dry spell (December 2008 to March 20, 2009)

Boro paddy 62,185 2,498.78 6,695.52 591.33 23,937

Rabi vegatable 4,103 299.4 299.4 29.94 3,366

Moong 53 27.1 8.98 343.86 144

Lentil 104 31.2 21.84 764 212

Wheat 165 57.75 115.5 9.24 168

Ground nut 70 17.5 15.56 3.11 66

Water melon 46 18.4 82 12.2 144

Papaya (seedling) 25 6.25 0 2.12 114

2009–10 Drought-like situation (April to July 2009)

Auish 10,999 26,236 3345 24,000

Aman 8,000 15,000 1,912.5

Jhum 1,044 3,739 476

Jute and Mesta 763 1,038 108

Kharif pulse 70 42 18

Kharif oilseed 409 409 143

Sugarcane 123 6,010 Canes (962 MT Gur)

351

2009–10 Flood (March 24, to April 1, 2010)

Boro paddy 234 147.75 517.125 51.7125 143

Vegatables 935 378.6 3,136 313.6 2,492

2010–11 NIL

Year Calamity /Month Crops Damaged Area Affected

Area Damaged


Value No. of Families affected(Hectare) (Hectare) (Rs in Lakhs)

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.27 Calamity Report for the lastTenYears inTripura from 2002-03 to 2011-12Year Calamity /Month Crops damaged Area

AffectedArea damaged


Value No. of Families affected(Ha) (Ha) (Rs in Lakhs)

2011–12 Flood (May 2011) Boro paddy 488 107 319.74 2,512

Aush paddy 136 54 36.95 128

Summer Vegetables 1,030 361 2,003.728 3,860

Groundnut 1 1 1.68 9

Bettlevine 44 28 774.6 804

Chilli 12 4 1.44 170

Spine gourd 6 2 3.24 105

Ridge gourd 5 1 0.5 100

Patal 5 1 0.5 108

Brinjal 7 2 0.364 135

2012–13 NIL

2013–14 Flood (May 2013) Aush 77 33 97 109

Aush seed bed 243 121 6.18 2,551

Boro 3,711 1,168 4,354.7 11,196

Sesamum 5 3 2.45 45

Groundnut 38 29 76 230

Kharif pulse 29 3 2 150

Kharif oilseed 36 4 4 180

losses due to drought and flood. Climate is also leading to increased outbreak of pests and diseases. Strategy to combat this would to develop resistant variety and promotion of integrated pest management (IPM). Promote protected cultivation.

4.10 Organic FarmingTripura ranks twenty ninth in terms of the land under

Table 4.28 Calamity report for Tripura in 2001–2006 during winter seasonYear Calamity/

MonthCrops Damaged

Area Affected (Ha)

Area Damaged (Ha)

Percentage of Damage (Ha)


Value (Rs in Lakhs)

No. of Families affected

2005-06

Dry spell (November to March)

Boro paddy 26,611 7,195 27 17,387.4 1,666.715 49,151

Summer vegetables

4,447 1,619 36 15,839 1,267.12 17,444

Rabi Vegetables 218 52 24 520.5 33.64 1,970

Wheat 161 48 30 96 9.6 814

Potato 7 4 50 63 346.5 42

Bettenvine 288 70 24 560 lakhs 56 2,177

Total 31,732 8,987 28 33,905.9 3,379.575 71,598

2001-02

Dry spell (November to March)

NA 2,624 824 31 824 4,929

organic farming in India (Table 4.29) revealing the fact that organic farming has not picked up in the state. There is great scope for promotion of organic farming in the state, particularly in Jhum areas.

Table 4.29: Area under organic farming (In hectares)

Tripura 209.72

India 5,211,142

FINAL REPORT


4.11 Constraints on Crop Production

Constraints identified for crop production in Tripura based on focused group discussions in 100 villages across eight districts of the state are given below.

Natural Constraints � More than 75 per cent of the area is rainfed � Natural calamities of flooding, drought, excessive

leaching of the top soil, lack of organic carbon, and incur heavy losses in crop production. Jhum crops are severely damaged due to heavy rains

� Erosion of top soils has resulted in poor fertility of the soil

� Insect-pests and no diseases like Rice Blast, potato wilt etc. leads to crop losses

� Drought during growing stage of crop � Large area of the state remains fallow in the dry

season � Sand deposition in the crop field � The crops are destroyed by the elephants and

monkeys

Input Constraints � Inadequate distribution of chemical fertilizers in

the region (more quantity of fertilizers has been diverted to irrigated regions)

� Inadequate number of agristores, untimely supply of inputs

� Lack of farm machineries such as power tillers, thrashers available as well as of hiring centres

� Less importance is given towards improving soil fertility, no soil health cards available, no micronutrient demonstrations carried out

� Inaddequate use of organic/bio-fertilizers resulting in the fertility depletion in rainfed farming

Infrastructure Constraint � Many lift irrigations (LIs) are in non-functional

condition � Lack of water harvesting structures � Poor irrigation development is still a challenge;

people suffer from water scarcity in dry season

� Very few farm machines such as power tillers, thrashers are available and hiring centres are also insufficient

� Lack of cold storages, warehouses, and procurement units

Technology Constraints � No adoption of mulching � Mono cropping as majority of farmers are dependent

on paddy cultivation, which is exhausting the soil fertility

� Low productivity in major crop such as paddy and maize. Also, low production and lower area under crop in pulses and oilseeds

� Meagre use of advanced agricultural tools and implements

� Low awareness about modern technologies such as agro forestry, land use planning, settled farming system, particularly in Autonomous District Council (ADC) areas

� Wide gap in transfer of technology from laboratory to land.

Extension Constraints � The village level workers and assistants are at times

not sufficiently technically sound, leading to gap in extension of new technologies and the number to trained workers is too few

� The Agricultural-staffs are frequently being engaged by the district administration in their activities; therefore, they are not able to contribute to the development of the agriculture

� People are unaware of the right plant protection chemicals to be put as the market is completely privatized

� No programmes regarding pest and disease identification and control are availbale

� Communication gap between Agricultural-experts and farmers

� Wide gap in transfer of technology from labratory to land

� Limited front line demonstrations on few pulses crops by agriculture department

Research Constraints � Lack of need-based and location-specific research

� The only research station at the AD Nagar with the help of ICAR has not been able to meet the expected outcome

� Less funds for the research programmes

� Less number of hybrids and improved varieties developed by the government institutions

FINAL REPORT


� Lack of agricultural institutions for research as well as extension activities

Financial Constraints � Insufficient fund flow for implementing farm

mechanization; small number of farm machines such as power tillers, thrashers; and lack of hiring centres

� Non-availability of credit facility at lower interest rates. Getting a KCC loan is extremely cumbersome

� KCC has not been implemented properly � Majority of the farming community are small and

marginal

Growth Drivers: Agriculture � Favourable agro-climatic condition and high

rainfall during Kharif season � People are welcoming the new technology missions

introduced by the government such as SRI, National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Mission for Intearated Development of Horticulture etc.

� Cultivation of pulses and oilseeds has already started under NFSM to retain soil fertility and increase crop intensity of paddy in the next season.

� A good network of extension services from KVK, State development department, Central Government Organizations, etc.

� Well-developed grain and vegetable markets in the district/adjoining areas.

� Crop residues and by-product available in abundance can be recycled as compost/vermicompost for improving soil health.

� Available irrigation potential can be exploited. � Suitable climate for production of toria, groundnut,

arhar, lentil, green/black gram, and mesta.

4.12 Vibrant Growth Sectors and Regions

In the state, there are a few areas that exhibit appreciable growth rate in various economic activities while the others fall behind and are not able to catch up with the better ones. As per resources availability and growth rates, the state can be classified into three regions, namely:

Vibrant Growth region

� West Tripura: Jirania, Dukli, and Sadar � Sepahijala: Bishalgarh, Charilam, Nalchar, and

kathalia

� Khowai: Khowai,Teliamura, and Kalyanpur � Gomati: Matarbari and Kakrabon � South Tripura: Rajnagar, Hrishyamukh, Bokafa,

and Jolaibari � North Tripura: Panisagar, Yuvrajnagar, Kadamtala,

and Pecharthal � Unakoti: Chandipur, and Kumarghat � Dhalai: Ambassa and Salema

Medium Growth region

� West Tripura: Mohanpur, Old Agartala, and Bamutia

� Sepahijala: Jampuijala, Boxanagar, and Mohanbhog � Khowai: Padmabil � Gomati: Amarpur and Tepania � South Tripura: Satchand and Bharatchandranagar � North Tripura: Kanchanpur and Kalacherra � Unakoti: Gournagar � Dhalai: Manu, Chaumanu, and Durgachowmuhani

Slow Growth region

� West Tripura: Mandwi, Belbari, and Lefunga � Khowai: Mungiakami, and Tulashikhar � Gomati: Ompi, Karbook, and Killa � South Tripura: Rupaichari, Silachari, and Poyangbari � North Tripura: Damcherra, Dasda, Laljuri, and

Jampui hill � Dhalai: Dumburnagar, Raishyabari, and Ganganagar

Vibrant Growth Regions (Less Efforts): Jirania, Dukli and Sadar, Bishalgarh,Charilam, Nalchar, Kathalia, Khowai- Khowai, Teliamura, Kalyanpur, Matarbari, Kakrabon, Rajnagar, Hrishyamukh, Bokafa, Jolaibari, Panisagar, Yuvrajnagar, Kadamtala, Pecharthal, Chandipur, Kumarghat, Ambassa, and Salema.

Vibrant growth regions are the ones which are most developed in the state and have following special achievements.

� Area under SRI is good. � Good availability of water resources. � More than 40 pe cent area under assured irrigation. � Well connected by transport network. � Major cultivable area is under diversified crops. � Potential water resources such as ponds, water

bodies for the fisheries are available. � Farmers are quite motivated to adopt newer

techniques of farming. � Availablilty of cold storage facility.

FINAL REPORT


� Well-developed Agriculture markets. � SHG is very active and network of input agencies

is relatively strong. � Farmers adopting farm mechanization.

Medium Growth Regions (Medium Efforts): Mohanpur, Old Agartala, Bamutia, Jampuijala, Boxanagar, Mohanbhog, Padmabil, Amarpur, Tepania, Satchand, Bharatchandranagar, Kanchanpur, Kalacherra, Gournagar, Manu, Chaumanu, and Durgachowmuhani

Medium growth regions are the state areas, which have good potential to beome vibrant growth regions but their potential has not been utilised to the fullest. Medium growth regions have:

� High irrigation potential. � Cultivation of paddy under SRI and horticulture

crops. � Potential for oilseeds and pulses. � Fertile soil. � Scope for existence of agro-based industries. � Innovative progressive farmers. � Potential of animal husbandry. � Cultivation of high value horticulture crops.

Slow Growth Region (More Efforts): Mandwi, Belbari, Lefunga, Mungiakami,Tulashikhar, Ompi, Karbook, Killa, Rupaichari, Silachari, Poyangbari, Damcherra, Dasda, Laljuri, Jampui hill, Dumburnagar, Raishyabari, and Ganganagar.

Slow growth regions are the areas which are underdeveloped and lack basic infrastructure. They have following characteristics.

� Most area is under rainfed farming and mostly upland.

� More area covered in rabi season but fallow land area is high.

� Comparatively poor transportation facility. � Comparatively poor storage facility. � Forest cover is high. � Less scope for farm mechanization. � Low natural water resources. � Less scope for farm mechanization. � Larger area under shifting cultivation. � Loass of biodiversity and extinction of valuable bio

resources. � Less area cultivated under Boro season.

4.13 Thrust Areas of Agriculture Sector

Rice1. Rice SRI programme should be strengthened and

production should be sustained.2. Timeliness should be ensured in seed supply.3. Strengthening and popularisation of production,

supply and usage of Bio-inputs like biofertilizers, biopesticides, and vermicompost.

4. IPM and INM has to be promoted more.5. Excess utilization of surface water for irrigation

should be discaring as the soil is rich in iron content, and thus, groundwater too is contaminated with excess of iron in it.

6. I pump sets can be promoted more.7. Improving the non-functional irrigation facilities,

especially in North Tripura, Unakoti, Khowai, West Tripura, and Dhalai.

8. Provision of switch gates/check dams on the cherras (small streams), as it will recharge the groundwater.

9. Innovative methods of rainwater harvesting should be implemented especially in hilly ADC areas. Utilization of farm ponds for irrigation. Strengthening the farm mechanisation by utilizing the NABARD and Central Funds.

10. Setting up hiring centers with the help of SHGs. One hiring centre for each block. Increase number of Agri stores, at least one Agri store at 1 GP should be there.

11. Lab to field gap should be decreased by giving proper training to the village level workers.

12. Training and capacity building under each PRI should be there.

13. KCC has to be strengthened.14. Promotion of organic farming.15. Modern rice mills should be set up at the block

level.16. Set up rice processing units for rice flaking and

puffed rice making.

Jhum1. Promote zero tillage.2. Promote conservation agriculture.3. Strengthen on-going schemes to improve the

production of Jhum cultivation.

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Pulses1. Tripura has rice mono-cropping so crop

diversification is required by promoting pulse cultivation.

2. New varieties of pulses can be introduced.3. Bio-inputs can be promoted.4. IPM should be promoted.5. Area expansion in districts such as Gomati,

Sipahijala, and West Tripura.

Oilseeds1. Improved varieties should be introduced.2. Bio-inputs, IPM, and INM should be promoted.3. Area expansion in all the districts as it occupies

very negligible area.

4.14 Strategies for the Major Crops to Increase Productivity

1. As more than 80 per cent of the cultivable land in the state is under rice cultivation, it is imperative to bring maximum area under SRI. So the major strategy for state agricultural growth is increasing the area under SRI from current 35 per cent to 50 per cent, especially in the case of Boro rice.

2. Crop diversification with emphasis on oil seeds, pulses, and vegetables, especially in areas where upland rice cultivation is predominant and utilizing the cultivable land that is under single cropping.

3. Strengthening of soil testing infrastructure facilities at state and block level for comprehensive soil analysis and introduction of soil health cards, and based on this analysis, input should be supplied in the agro-stores. There should be provision for mobile soil testing vans in order to reach the remote ADC villages.

4. Production of organic input such as biofertilizers (vermicompost) and biopesticides (Trichoderma) should be enhanced. In this regard, at least one training per block should be organized and farm waste should be utilized for vermicomposting.

5. Research should be prioritized for standardization of location-specific seed production technologies for rice and potato. Certified seed production infrastructure through public–private partnership

and development of seed villages involving progressive farmers’ societies.

6. Strengthening network of agro-stores, there should be one agro-store per gram panchayat. Also, the supply of agri-inputs should be continuous and adequate, especially during the sowing seasons of particular crops.

7. Raising productivity of Jhum by promoting HYV seed varieties.

8. To increase farm power and reduce manual labour, farm mechanization resources should be given priority, by which farmers can reap good harvest without pre- and post-harvest losses. Custom hiring centres or farm machinery hubs should be established in every block keeping in view the presence of large percentage of small agricultural holdings.

9. Training and extension work regarding new techniques, IPM, INM, and NPM need to be strengthened for capacity building. One specific area to be addressed in the state is training activities on identification of various pests and diseases and their control.

10. Rice mills and rice processing units to make value added products needs to be established in the state to increase the income of the farmers.

Strategies to enhance crop productivity of major crops are provided at Table 4.30

4.15 Vision for the Five Years Period 2015–20

Keeping in view the new perspective plan for Tripura, Comprehensive State Agriculture plan has been proposed for 2015–20 (sector-wise) by utilizing available natural resources extending up to 2020.

� Converting areas under mono/double cropped into triple cropped where irrigation facility can be provided.

� Redevelopment of Jhum farming and maximizing Jhum production.

� Gainful utilization of forest land for sustainable farming and livelihood on which rights were vested with tribal forest dwellers.

� Encouragement of crop diversification and sustainable agriculture.

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� ICM to be encouraged.

� Area under SRI to be increased.

� Popularizing hybrid paddy and maize cultivation to increase productivity.

Keeping in view of the overall agriculture growth rate of 4.5 per cent strategies have been worked out to

Table 4.30: Strategies to enhance crop productivity of major cropsCrop State Average

(Productivity)Kg/Ha

India Average(Productivity)Kg/Ha

Constraints Strategies to Increase Productivity

Rice 2,859 2,800 � Biotic stress � Mono cropping � Water stress � Nutrients’

unavailability � Diseases and weeds

� Providing irrigaton during winter season

� Biointensive IPM � Increase coverage under SRI � Timely provision of agriinputs � Mechanization & powertiller, high-

tech implements, sophisticated Jhum seed dibbler

� Varietal improvement � Integrated nutrient management � Seed treatment

Maize 1,311 2,478 � Highly nutrient exhaustive crop

� Susceptible for water stress

� Blight and downy mildew

� Increasing the area under single cross hybrid

� Maintaining proper plant population � Use of micro nutrients like Zn, Mn � Market linkage through poultry feed

industry � Use of Resistant varieties

Wheat 2,476 3,177 � Variety � Rainfall � Management

practice � Agri input shortage

� Provide improved facility � Provide irrigation during winter

season � Promote IPM & INM � Supply of agriinputs

Arhar 716 806 � Disease and pest � IPM � Improved variety � Short duration variety

Table 4.31: Area (in Ha) and production (in M tonnes) targets for the plan year 2015–20 2015–

162015–16 2016–

172016–17 2017–

182017–18 2018–

192018–19 2019–

202019–20

Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Area ProductionCereals Rice 259,135 725,578 259,135 870,693.6 259,135 1,015,809 259,135 1,160,925 259,135 1,306,040

SRI 102,341 442,932 112,341 598,553 122,341 774,174 132,341 969,795 142,341 1,185,416

Pulses 12,250 18,436 12,350 19,204 12,450 19,982 12,550 20,770 12,650 21,568

Total

food

grain

271,385 744,014 271,485 889,897.6 271,585 1,035,791 271,685 1,181,695 271,785 1,327,608

Oilseeds 3,286 2,677 3,486 3,188 3,686 3,740 3,887 4,021 4,087 4,309

increase the cereal production by 44 per cent, pulses and oilseed by 14 and 37 per cent respectively during the plan period 2015–20. The details of the production programe for the plan period 2015–20 are given in Table 4.31. A target of 1,327,608 M tonnes for food grain and oilseed production of 4309 M tons has been recommended for the state at the end of plan period 2015-20.

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Table 4.32: Seed requirement for rice for the plan year 2015–20Rice

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 869.50 789.04 708.58 628.12 547.66 3,542.92

Gomati 1,701.16 1,543.74 1,386.33 1,228.91 1,071.49 6,931.63

Khowai 1,391.24 1,262.51 1,133.77 1,005.03 876.29 5,668.84

North 950.61 862.65 774.68 686.72 598.75 3,873.40

Sepahijala 1,895.50 1,720.10 1,544.70 1,369.30 1,193.90 7,723.52

South 1,822.57 1,653.92 1,485.26 1,316.61 1,147.96 7,426.32

Unakoti 756.05 686.09 616.13 546.17 476.21 3,080.65

West 1,420.11 1,288.70 1,157.29 1,025.88 894.47 5,786.47

Tripura 10,806.75 9,806.75 8,806.75 7,806.75 6,806.75 44,033.75

Table 4.33: Seed requirement for SRI for the plan year 2015–20

SRI

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 60.45 66.44 72.43 78.42 84.41 362.14

Gomati 96.75 106.34 115.93 125.52 135.10 579.63

Khowai 68.64 75.44 82.24 89.05 95.85 411.22

North 61.04 67.09 73.14 79.20 85.25 365.72

Sepahijala 67.29 73.96 80.63 87.30 93.97 403.17

South 108.12 118.84 129.56 140.28 151.00 647.80

Unakoti 22.41 24.63 26.85 29.07 31.29 134.24

West 70.67 77.68 84.69 91.69 98.70 423.43

Tripura 555.37 610.42 665.47 720.52 775.57 3,327.35

Table 4.34: Pulses seed requirement for the plan year 2015–20Pulses Seed MT

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 79.2 84.1 89.0 93.9 98.8 445.2

Gomati 13.9 14.7 15.6 16.5 17.3 78.0

Khowai 38.3 40.7 43.0 45.4 47.8 215.1

North 69.5 73.8 78.1 82.4 86.7 390.7

Sepahijala 17.5 18.6 19.7 20.8 21.9 98.5

South 54.1 57.5 60.8 64.2 67.5 304.2

Unakoti 31.0 32.9 34.8 36.7 38.6 173.9

West 20.1 21.4 22.6 23.9 25.1 113.2

Tripura 323.8 343.8 363.8 383.8 403.8 1,818.8

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4.16 Input Requirement during Years 2015–20:

Based on the crop production programme for the year 2015–20, area and production targets, the total seed requirement is projected for SRI rice production and fertilizer requirement for all crop production. The details are shown in Tables 4.32–4.36.

4.17 Interventions Recommended for the Plan

We have identified 12 schemes for agriculture sector in the state. These are:

1. Seed production of paddy pulses and oilseed and achieving self-sufficiency in seed production

Table 4.35: Oilseed requirements for the plan year 2015–20Oilseed

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 19.2 22.6 26.0 29.4 32.8 130.1

Gomati 4.7 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.1 32.0

Khowai 5.4 6.3 7.3 8.2 9.2 36.3

North 5.4 6.3 7.3 8.3 9.2 36.5

Sepahijala 4.5 5.3 6.1 6.9 7.7 30.5

South 10.1 11.8 13.6 15.4 17.2 68.2

Unakoti 3.8 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.5 25.6

West 3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 22.2

Tripura 56.3 66.3 76.3 86.3 96.3 381.5

Table 4.36: Fertilizer Requirement for the plan year 2015–20 for the state of Tripura 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

District Urea SSP MOP Urea SSP MOP Urea SSP MOP Urea SSP MOP Urea SSP MOP Urea SSP MOP

Dhalai 2,267 2,653 883 2,365 2,961 964 2,462 2,462 2,462 2,560 2,560 2,560 2,657 2,657 2,657 2,755 4,191 1,208

Gomati 7,936 9,287 3,090 8,277 10,363 3,375 8,618 8,618 8,618 8,959 8,959 8,959 9,300 9,300 9,300 9,641 14,667 4,230

Khowai 9,637 11,277 3,752 10,051 12,584 4,098 10,465 10,465 10,465 10,879 10,879 10,879 11,293 11,293 11,293 11,707 17,810 5,136

North 3,401 3,980 1,324 3,547 4,441 1,446 3,694 3,694 3,694 3,840 3,840 3,840 3,986 3,986 3,986 4,132 6,286 1,813

Sepahijala 12,471 14,594 4,856 13,007 16,285 5,303 13,543 13,543 13,543 14,079 14,079 14,079 14,615 14,615 14,615 15,151 23,049 6,647

South 8,503 9,950 3,311 8,868 11,103 3,616 9,234 9,234 9,234 9,599 9,599 9,599 9,965 9,965 9,965 10,330 15,715 4,532

Unakoti 2,834 3,317 1,104 2,956 3,701 1,205 3,078 3,078 3,078 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,322 3,322 3,322 3,443 5,238 1,511

West 9,637 11,277 3,752 10,051 12,584 4,098 10,465 10,465 10,465 10,879 10,879 10,879 11,293 11,293 11,293 11,707 17,810 5,136

Tripura 56,686 66,336 22,071 59,122 74,022 24,106 61,558 61,558 61,558 63,995 63,995 63,995 66,431 66,431 66,431 68,868 104,768 30,212

• Promote proper seed treatment (create awareness)

2. Enhance SRI coverage (from 35 per cent of rice area to 50 per cent) Emphasis is on Boro SRI (as productivity is highest at 3,500 kg/hectare).

3. Utilization of rice fallow land by promoting crop diversification with pulses and oilseed.

4. Production and promotion of biopesticide (IPM),• Demonstation of 100 hectare/year,

• Capacity building of farmers,

• Trichoderma and pseudomonas production and production of biofertilizers,

• Vermicompost: one training, per block, and

• Utilization of farm waste/residues.

5. Soil health:• Soil testing lab (establish one in each district),

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• Mobile soil testing van,

• Soil health card,

• Soil amelioration, and

• Green manure.

6. Farm advisory support system:• Weather,

• Pest surveillance,

• Market Intelligence (including pricing),

• Animal resources, and

• Soil health.

7. Infrastructure:• Cold storage in coordinaton with DMI,

• More agristore facilities,

• Fertilizer supply/storage,

• Agro processing/mini rice mills in each district proposed,

• Rural godown, and

• Rice flaking.

8. Farm mechanization• Power tiller

• Mini harvester/thrasher/drum seeder,

• SRI equipment (marker, conoe weeder), and

• Custom hiring centres (one in each block)

9. Agricultural Research and Development• Varietal development (biotic and abiotic

stresses, short duration, local aromatic rice and aromatic moong, and traditional cultivator improvization),

• IPM modules,

• Jhum and Conservation agriculture system practice, and

• Organic farming.

10. Energizing extension system:• Training centres for VLW,

• Farmer trainig and block officer training,

• KVKs,

• Capacity building of stakeholders (PRI), and

• SHG training.

11. Agro forestry based farming system in following areas:

• Jhum

• Rubber

12. Agro-processing units

4.18 RKVY Projects/Interventions Recommended for Agriculture

Following RKVY projects are recommended for the plan period 2015–2020:

1. Area expansion under HYV and HYB seeds for rice improvement,

2. Area expansion of paddy under SRI, 3. Promotion of seed treatment,4. Pulse improvement demonstrations,5. Area expansion under maize cultivation,6. Area expansion of oilseeds crops,7. Area expansion under plant nutrients,8. Utilization of rice fallow/seasonal fallow by

promoting crop diversification with pulses, oilseed, etc.,

9. Strengthening of farm mechanization,10. Establishment of biopesticide production units,11. Establishment of biofertilizer production units,12. Establishment vermicomposting production units,13. Promotion of bio-pesticides and biofertlizers,14. Promotion of IPM,15. Assistance for agricultural crop production in FRA

areas including Jhum, 16. Innovative seed village models,17. Promotion of agroforestry,18. Distribution of different farm implements to small

and marginal farmers through subsidy,19. Installation of automatic weather station and rain

gauge,20. Establishment of farmers knowledge centres 21. Establishment of technology dissemination centres

at state and district level,22. Strengthening of research centre at Arundhati

Nagar,23. Capacity building of farmers on bio-fertilizer,24. Farmers exposure visit and Krishi mela,25 Infrastructure development of KVKs, and26. Improvement and development of government

garms.

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4.19 Physical and Financial Targets of the Projects Recommended under RKVY

Area expansion under HYV and HYB seeds for rice improvementHybrid seeds can enhance productivity, increase yields, have increased vigour (which makes them more competitive with weeds), and have increased resistance to diseases and insects. Considering this, a target of 75,000 hectare area by the year 2019–20 under hybrid seed with outlay of Rs. 41.04 crore has been recommended (Table–4.37 and 4.38).

The state was fully dependent for HYV seeds from outside state, but special initiatives were taken to make the state self-sufficient in respect of HYV seeds.

Table 4.37: Achieving rice improvement, through HYB seeds

District Hybrid Seed (Area Coverage in Hectare) Hybrid Seed (Outlay Rs. in Lakh) @ Rs.1350/Hectare

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016217 2017–18

2018–19

2019–20 Total Amount

Dhalai 3,460 4,264 5,069 5,632 6,034 46.71 57.57 68.43 76.03 81.46 330.20

Gomati 6,769 8,343 9,917 11,019 11,806 91.38 112.63 133.88 148.76 159.38 646.04

Khowai 5,536 6,823 8,111 9,012 9,655 74.73 92.11 109.49 121.66 130.35 528.34

North 3,782 4,662 5,542 6,158 6,597 51.06 62.94 74.81 83.13 89.06 361.01

Sepaijala 7,542 9,296 11,050 12,278 13,155 101.82 125.50 149.18 165.75 177.59 719.84

South 7,252 8,938 10,625 11,806 12,649 97.90 120.67 143.44 159.37 170.76 692.14

Unkoti 3,008 3,708 4,408 4,897 5,247 40.61 50.06 59.50 66.11 70.84 287.12

West 5,651 6,965 8,279 9,199 9,856 76.28 94.02 111.76 124.18 133.05 539.31

Tripura 43,000 53,000 63,000 70,000 75,000 580.5 715.5 850.5 945 1,012.5 4,104

Table 4.38: Achieving Rice Improvement, through HYV seeds HYV Seed (Area Coverage in Hectare) HYV Seed (Outlay Rs. in Lakh) @Rs15/

HectaresTotal Amount

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-06 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Dhalai 17,390 15,781 14,172 12,562 10,953 130.43 118.36 106.29 94.22 82.15 531.44

Gomati 34,023 30,875 27,727 24,578 21,430 255.17 231.56 207.95 184.34 160.72 1,039.74

Khowai 27,825 25,250 22,675 20,101 17,526 208.69 189.38 170.07 150.75 131.44 850.33

North 19,012 17,253 15,494 13,734 11,975 142.59 129.40 116.20 103.01 89.81 581.01

Sepaijala 37,910 34,402 30,894 27,386 23,878 284.33 258.02 231.71 205.40 179.09 1,158.53

South 36,451 33,078 29,705 26,332 22,959 273.38 248.09 222.79 197.49 172.19 1,113.95

Unkoti 15,121 13,722 12,323 10,923 9,524 113.41 102.91 92.42 81.93 71.43 462.10

West 28,402 25,774 23,146 20,518 17,889 213.02 193.31 173.59 153.88 134.17 867.97

Tripura 216,135 196,135 176,135 156,135 136,135 1,621.01 1,471.01 1,321.01 1,171.01 1,021.01 6,605.06

Now, the state is producing surplus quantity of HYV seeds. The surplus production is being marketed to the neighbouring seven north eastern states through NSC. To maximize benefits from this self-sufficiency of the state, an expansion in rice area under HYV seeds has been recommended as per physical and financial outlay given in Table 4.38.

Area expansion of paddy under SRIRice is the major food grain in Tripura state. It is cultivated in three seasons Aush, Aman, and Boro. Highest area is under Aman followed by Boro. To enhance the productivity of rice, SRI was introduced in the state through demonstration in the year 2002–03 with 9-hectare land, which later increased to 14,678 during 2006–07, and further increased to 92,341 hectares during 2013–14 with 41 per cent share of the rice area under SRI, which makes Tripura leader in SRI.

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.39: SRI target area and outlay

Area Target (hectares)

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 8,234.264 9,038.855 9,843.446 10,648.04 11,452.63

Gomati 16,110.13 17,684.3 19,258.46 20,832.62 22,406.78

Khowai 13,175.22 14,462.61 15,749.99 17,037.38 18,324.76

North 9,002.368 9,882.012 10,761.66 11,641.3 12,520.95

Sepahijala 17,950.62 19,704.62 21,458.62 23,212.62 24,966.62

South 17,259.88 18,946.39 20,632.9 22,319.41 24,005.91

Unakoti 7,159.881 7,859.491 8,559.102 9,258.712 9,958.322

West 13,448.63 14,762.73 16,076.83 17,390.93 18,705.03

Total 102,341 112,341 122,341 132,341 142,341

Table 4.40: SRI area expansion estimated outlay (Rs. in Lakh)Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 370.5419 406.7485 442.9551 479.1617 515.3683 2,214.775

Gomati 724.956 795.7933 866.6306 937.4679 1,008.305 4,333.153

Khowai 592.8851 650.8174 708.7497 766.682 824.6143 3,543.748

North 405.1066 444.6906 484.2745 523.8585 563.4425 2,421.373

Sepahijala 807.7777 886.7077 965.6378 1,044.568 1,123.498 4,828.189

South 776.6948 852.5876 928.4804 1,004.373 1,080.266 4,642.402

Unakoti 322.1947 353.6771 385.1596 416.642 448.1245 1,925.798

West 605.1884 664.3228 723.4573 782.5918 841.7263 3,617.287

Total 4,605.345 5,055.345 5,505.345 5,955.345 6,405.345 27,526.73

SRI area during Aman season is highest closely followed by Boro season. SRI has contributed significantly in enhancing the production of rice from 7 per cent increase during 2006–07 to 42 per cent increase during 2013–14. There is a need to expand area under SRI so its been proposed to bring area of 10,000 Hectare year under SRI practice (Table 4.39). For this, Rs. 27,526 lakh would be required (Tables 4.39 and 4.40).

Promotion of seed treatment The concept of seed treatment is the use and application of biological and chemical agents that control or contain primary soil and seed borne infestation of insects and diseases which pose devastating consequences to crop production, and improving crop safety leading to good establishment of healthy and vigorous plants resulting better yields. The benefits of seed treatment are as follows:

� Increased germination. � Ensures uniform seedling emergence, and � Protects seeds or seedlings from early season

diseases and insect pests improving crop emergence and its growth.

Seed treatment is not well adopted in Tripura; therefore, it is important to promote it. A target of 240,000 kg seed treatment has been recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an oulay of Rs 4.80 lakh rupees (Table 4.41).

Pulse improvement demonstrationsPulses are an important source of nutrition. They are rich in proteins and are main source of protein for vegetarian people in India. They are second important constituent of Indian diet after cereals. Pulses being legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. They

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Table 4.41: Seed treatment schemePhysical Target in Kg Financial outlay (Rs in Lakh)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 7,319 7,319 7,319 7,319 7,319 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.57

Gomati 8,726 8,726 8,726 8,726 8,726 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.73

Khowai 5,415 5,415 5,415 5,415 5,415 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.69

North 5,570 5,570 5,570 5,570 5,570 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.35

Sepahijala 6,560 6,560 6,560 6,560 6,560 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.72

South 5,943 5,943 5,943 5,943 5,943 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.79

Unakoti 3,713 3,713 3,713 3,713 3,713 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.43

West 4,753 4,753 4,753 4,753 4,753 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.51

Tripura 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 4.80

play important role in crop rotation, mixed and intercropping as they help maintain soil fertility.

Tripura has 8,500 hectares of land under pulse cultivation as per 2012–13 estimates, ranking twenty forth among Indian states. The production of pulses has doubled from 44,000 MT in 1999–2000 to 89,000 MT during

Table 4.42: Physical and financial targets of pulse improvement2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 215D+43HYV+9HYB 43HYV+9HYB 215D+43HYV+9HYB 43HYV+9HYB 215D+43HYV+9HYB

Gomati 96D+19HYV+4HYB 19HYV+4HYB 96D+19HYV+4HYB 19HYV+4HYB 96D+19HYV+4HYB

Khowai 245D+49HYV+10HYB 49HYV+10HYB 245D+49HYV+10HYB 49HYV+10HYB 245D+49HYV+10HYB

North 118D+24HYV+5HYB 24HYV+5HYB 118D+24HYV+5HYB 24HYV+5HYB 118D+24HYV+5HYB

Sepahijala 62D+12HYV+3HYB 12HYV+3HYB 62D+12HYV+3HYB 12HYV+3HYB 62D+12HYV+3HYB

South 54D+11HYV+2HYB 11HYV+2HYB 54D+11HYV+2HYB 11HYV+2HYB 54D+11HYV+2HYB

Unakoti 43D+9HYV+2HYB 9HYV+2HYB 43D+9HYV+2HYB 9HYV+2HYB 43D+9HYV+2HYB

West 167D+3HYV+7HYB 3HYV+7HYB 167D+3HYV+7HYB 3HYV+7HYB 167D+3HYV+7HYB

Total 1,000D+200HYV+40HYB 200HYV+40HYB 1,000D+200HYV+40HYB 200HYV+40HYB 1,000D+200HYV+40HYB

D= Demonstration; HYV=High yielding variety; HYB=Hybrid seed

Table 4.43: Pulses improvement outlay ( Rs in lakh) for 1,000 demonstrations per year for five year, 200 hectares HYV, and 40 hectares hybrid

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 22.91 0.14 23.63 0.21 24.92 71.81

Gomati 10.20 0.06 10.52 0.10 11.09 31.97

Khowai 26.11 0.16 26.93 0.24 28.39 81.83

North 12.61 0.08 13.01 0.12 13.72 39.54

Sepahijala 6.64 0.04 6.84 0.06 7.22 20.80

South 5.78 0.04 5.96 0.05 6.28 18.10

Unakoti 4.57 0.03 4.72 0.04 4.97 14.34

West 17.84 0.11 18.40 0.17 19.40 55.91

Total 106.65 0.65 110.00 1.00 116.00 334.30

2013–14. Among the pulses, Arhar with 1,497.5 hectares area during 2012–13, is the major pulse of the state. Other pulses are gram, black gram, lentil, and moong. The area under pulse crop in Tripura is still very low and the productivity is lower than the national average. Therefore, there is need to conduct pulse improvement

FINAL REPORT


demonstrations to enhance the area and productivity of pulse crops. For this, a target of 1,000 demonstrations and coverage of 200 hectares area under HYV and 40 hectares area under hybrid seed of pulses has been recommended with a total outlay of Rs. 334.30 lakh (Tables 4.42 and 4.43).

Area expansion under maize cultivationMaize is also cultivated in the state in an area of 3,743 hectares with production of 5,058 MT and yield of 1,351 Kg/hectare. Dhalai district has highest area under maize cultivation in the state with 1,041 hectares area under cultivation. Data revealed that yield gap is very high in case of maize. Against national average of 2,478 Kg/hectare, yield of maize in Tripura is only 1,351. Since the climatic and soil factors of the Tripura are favourable for maize, hence, there is an immense scope for cultivation of this crop in the unutilized tilla land of the state during Kharif season. With a view to popularize maize cultivation in the state, there is need

Table 4.44: Area expansion under maize cultivationDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120

Gomati 474 474 474 474 474

Khowai 509 509 509 509 509

North 884 884 884 884 884

Sepahijala 482 482 482 482 482

South 811 811 811 811 811

Unakoti 312 312 312 312 312

West 409 409 409 409 409

Total 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Table 4.45: Financial outlay under maize cultivation (in lakh)Maize programme (Outlay Rs in Lakh)

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 55.99 55.99 55.99 55.99 55.99 279.94

Gomati 23.69 23.69 23.69 23.69 23.69 118.44

Khowai 25.45 25.45 25.45 25.45 25.45 127.25

North 44.20 44.20 44.20 44.20 44.20 221.00

Sepahijala 24.10 24.10 24.10 24.10 24.10 120.50

South 40.56 40.56 40.56 40.56 40.56 202.81

Unakoti 15.60 15.60 15.60 15.60 15.60 78.00

West 20.43 20.43 20.43 20.43 20.43 102.13

Total 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 1,250.00

to expand the area under maize cultivation. For this, a target of 5,000 hectare area expansion has been recommended with a total outlay of Rs. 1,250 lakh (Tables 4.44 and 4.45).

Area expansion of oilseeds cropsRapeseed mustard and sesamum are the major oilseeds of Tripura with 44 per cent (2,132 hectare) and 43 per cent (2,085 hactare) of area, respectively. Among oilseeds, productivity of sesamum is better in Tripura than the national average of 420 Kg/hectare. But rapeseed mustard productivity is lower by 436 Kg with state average of 798Kg/hectare as compared to 1,234 Kg/hectare yield in the country. Oilseeds crops have good scope here and area expansion in all the districts is needed as it occupies very negligible area. Beside area expansion, improved varieties should be introduced and bio inputs, IPM, and INM should be promoted. Cultivation of pulses and oilseeds has already started under NFSM to retain soil fertility and increase

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.46: Physical target for area expansion (in Kg)

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 96 96 96 96 96 479

Gomati 67 67 67 67 67 336

Khowai 341 341 341 341 341 1705

North 95 95 95 95 95 476

Sepahijala 58 58 58 58 58 292

South 80 80 80 80 80 400

Unkoti 84 84 84 84 84 420

West 179 179 179 179 179 894

Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000

Table 4.47 : Financial outlay for area expansion (Rs. in lakh)District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2

Gomati 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8

Khowai 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 4

North 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2

Sepahijala 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6

South 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

Unkoti 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

West 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.2

Total 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

crop intensity of paddy in the next season; therefore, to further encourage it innovative seed village model with target of 5,000 kg seed has been recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs. 12 lakh (Tables 4.46 and 4.47).

Area expansion under plant nutrientsThe overall strategy for increasing crop yields and sustaining them at a high level must include an integrated approach management of plant nutrients, along with other complementary measures. An integrated approach recognizes that soils are the storehouse of most of

Table 4.48: Area expansion under plant nutrients (in hectares)Physical Target

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 482.8 482.8 482.8 482.8 482.8

Gomati 944.5 944.5 944.5 944.5 944.5

Khowai 772.4 772.4 772.4 772.4 772.4

North 527.8 527.8 527.8 527.8 527.8

Sepahijala 1,052.4 1,052.4 1,052.4 1,052.4 1,052.4

South 1,011.9 1,011.9 1,011.9 1,011.9 1,011.9

Unakoti 419.8 419.8 419.8 419.8 419.8

West 788.5 788.5 788.5 788.5 788.5

Total 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000

FINAL REPORT


the plant nutrients essential for plant growth and that management of nutrients will have a major impact on plant growth, soil fertility, and agricultural sustainability. It is high time that due attention is paid to the problem of degradation of soil health due to nutrient mining. Deficiency of micro-nutrients in irrigated area results in decreased productivity. Nutrient’s unavailability was found to be a major constrain in Tripura. The total consumption of plant nutrients in Tripura per unit of gross cropped area was 53.3 kg/hectare in 2011–12, which increased to 60 kg/hectare in 2012–13, and it should be encouraged more, therefore additional area coverage under plant nutrients with target of 6,000 hectare/year has been recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of total Rs. 150 lakh through sunsidy on distribution of plant nutrients (Tables 4.48 and 4.49).

Utilization of rice fallow/seasonal fallow by promoting crop diversification with pulses, oilseed, etc.

Presently, pulses and oilseed are grown on very little area in Tripura but these have substantial scope in the

Table 4.49: Financial outlay for area expansion for plant nutrient (Rs. in lakhs)District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12.1

Gomati 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 23.6

Khowai 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 19.3

North 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 13.2

Sepahijala 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 26.3

South 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 25.3

Unakoti 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 10.5

West 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 19.7

Total 30 30 30 30 30 150

state. Tripura is rice-dominating state, which cover almost 90 per cent area. Although after harvest of rice field remain fallow till the next rice season. Hence, pulses and oilseed can be grown in rice fallow as relay crop or under conservation tillage system. Rice fallow areas offer a huge potential niche for short season pulses and oilseed crops. In order to meet domestic demands of edible oil and pulses, a large quantity is imported, which leads to huge drain to the exchange. The rice fallows offer good scope for area expansion, promotion of these crops, and crop intensification. The productive utilization can enhance employment, reduce labour migration, and provide farm income. Development and popularization of improved varieties of pulses and oilseeds suiting to rice fallows of different agro-ecological regions coupled with improved agro-technology will boost production, and thus improve income and livelihood security of farming community. Moreover, introduction of legumes can provide a sustainable production base in the rice mono-cropped system leading to decline in total factor productivity

Table 4.50: Utilization of rice fallow area (in hectares)Physical Target

Rice Fallow 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 7,795 19,795 31,795 43,795 56,795

Gomati 772 12,772 24,772 36,772 49,772

Khowai 1,438 13,438 25,438 37,438 50,438

North 6,123 18,123 30,123 42,123 55,123

Sepahijala 2,517 14,517 26,517 38,517 51,517

South 619 12,619 24,619 36,619 49,619

Unakoti 4,797 16,797 28,797 40,797 53,797

West 1,937 13,937 25,937 37,937 50,937

Tripura 26,000 38,000 50,000 62,000 75,000

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.51: Utilization of rice fallow area financial outlay (in lakhs)

Rice Fallow 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 38.97 98.97 158.97 218.97 283.97 799.87

Gomati 3.86 63.86 123.86 183.86 248.86 624.31

Khowai 7.19 67.19 127.19 187.19 252.19 640.95

North 30.62 90.62 150.62 210.62 275.62 758.08

Sepahijala 12.58 72.58 132.58 192.58 257.58 667.92

South 3.09 63.09 123.09 183.09 248.09 620.47

Unakoti 23.99 83.99 143.99 203.99 268.99 724.93

West 9.69 69.69 129.69 189.69 254.69 653.43

Tripura 129.99 609.99 1,089.99 1,569.99 2,089.99 5,489.95

and also provide much needed nutritional security. The residual moisture left in the soil at the time of rice harvest is often sufficient to raise short-season crops and also pulses and oilseed could be grown as a post-rainy season crop mostly under rainfed farming. Considering this, a target of total of 75,000 hectare has been recommended by the end of plan year 2015–20 with an oulay of Rs. 5,489 lakh at the rate of Rs. 500/hectare (Tables 4.50 and 4.51).

Strengthening of farm mechanization

For promotion of agricultural mechanization, the strategy and programmes of the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India, have been directed towards the promotion of eco-friendly and selective agricultural equipment. The aim is to optimally and efficiently utilize the different sources of human, animal, and mechanical/electrical power; increase productivity of land and labour; optimize the utilization of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water; improving the quality of the farm operations by promoting equipment having appropriate technology thereby reducing the cost of production and the drudgery associated with various agricultural operations. Tripura has been slow in Mechanization. Main equipment reported are for paddy crop particularly power tiller whose

number increase from 808 in 2007–08 to 1,000 during 2011–12. Other farming implements are paddy reaper harvester & SRI marker

The total farm power available in the state is 0.99hp/ha which is quite low as compared to the national average. As the farm power is limited, most of the agricultural operations are performed by using animated power source. Engine and electric motors are rarely used in irrigated area as a source of power. Since most of the farm operation are done using manual power and in the hilly region by conventional hand tools, there is a great scope of using improved type of hand tools in the field of agriculture. The major crops grown in the state are: rice, maize, pulses and oilseeds. Use of farm mechanization should be encouraged more to get high yield therefore additional number of following farm mechanization is recommended for the plan year 2015-20 with an outlay of total Rs. 4,903 lakh (Tables 4.52–4.64).

Establishment of biopesticide production unitsSole reliance on chemical pesticides and their indiscriminate and unilateral use as plant protection tool involves three ‘r’ (resurgence, resistance, and

Table 4.52: List of farm mechanization equipments with numbers and financial outlayFarm Mechanization Number Financial Outlay (in lakhs)

Power tillers 5,000 3,750

Sprayer 5,000 40.00

Thresher 500 200

SRI equipments 1,000 25

Drum seeder 1,000 6

Conoeweeder 15,000 hectares area 882

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.55: Number of SprayersDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 80.46 80.46 80.46 80.46 80.46 402.30

Gomati 157.42 157.42 157.42 157.42 157.42 787.08

Khowai 128.74 128.74 128.74 128.74 128.74 643.69

North 87.96 87.96 87.96 87.96 87.96 439.82

Sepahijala 175.40 175.40 175.40 175.40 175.40 877.00

South 168.65 168.65 168.65 168.65 168.65 843.25

Unakoti 69.96 69.96 69.96 69.96 69.96 349.81

West 131.41 131.41 131.41 131.41 131.41 657.05

Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000.00

Table 4.53: District-wise dataNo. of Power Tillers

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 80 80 80 80 80 400

Gomati 155 155 155 155 155 775

Khowai 130 130 130 130 130 650

North 90 90 90 90 90 450

Sepahijala 175 175 175 175 175 875

South 170 170 170 170 170 850

Unakoti 70 70 70 70 70 350

West 130 130 130 130 130 650

Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000

Table 4.54: Financial outlay for power tillers (Rs. in lakh)District

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 60 60 60 60 60 300

Gomati 116.25 116.25 116.25 116.25 116.25 581.25

Khowai 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 487.5

North 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 337.5

Sepahijala 131.25 131.25 131.25 131.25 131.25 656.25

South 127.5 127.5 127.5 127.5 127.5 637.5

Unakoti 52.5 52.5 52.5 52.5 52.5 262.5

West 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 487.5

Total 750 750 750 750 750 3750

Table 4.56: Financial outlay for SprayerDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 3.22

Gomati 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 6.30

Khowai 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 5.15

North 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 3.52

Sepahijala 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 7.02

South 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 6.75

Unakoti 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 2.80

West 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 5.26

Total 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 40.00

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.57: Number of thresherDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 10 10 10 10 10 50

Gomati 15 15 15 15 15 75

Khowai 15 15 15 15 15 75

North 10 10 10 10 10 50

Sepahijala 20 20 20 20 20 100

South 15 15 15 15 15 75

Unkoti 5 5 5 5 5 25

West 15 15 15 15 15 75

Total 100 100 100 100 100 500

Table 4.58: Thresher financial outlay (Rs. in lakh)District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 4 4 4 4 4 20

Gomati 6 6 6 6 6 30

Khowai 6 6 6 6 6 30

North 4 4 4 4 4 20

Sepahijala 8 8 8 8 8 40

South 6 6 6 6 6 30

Unkoti 2 2 2 2 2 10

West 6 6 6 6 6 30

Total 40 40 40 40 40 200

Table 4.59: Number of SRI equipmentsDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 16 16 16 16 16 80

Gomati 31 31 31 31 31 157

Khowai 26 26 26 26 26 129

North 18 18 18 18 18 88

Sepahijala 35 35 35 35 35 175

South 34 34 34 34 34 169

Unkoti 14 14 14 14 14 70

West 26 26 26 26 26 131

Total 200 200 200 200 200 1,000

Table 4.60: SRI equipment financial outlay (Rs. in lakh)District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.01

Gomati 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 3.94

Khowai 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 3.22

North 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 2.20

Sepahijala 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.39

South 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 4.22

Unkoti 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 1.75

West 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 3.29

Total 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 25.00

FINAL REPORT


Table 4.61: Numbers of drum seederDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 16 16 16 16 16 80

Gomati 31 31 31 31 31 157

Khowai 26 26 26 26 26 129

North 18 18 18 18 18 88

Sepahijala 35 35 35 35 35 175

South 34 34 34 34 34 169

Unkoti 14 14 14 14 14 70

West 26 26 26 26 26 131

Total 200 200 200 200 200 1,000

Table 4.62: Drum seeder financial outlay (Rs in lakh)District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.48

Gomati 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.94

Khowai 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.77

North 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.53

Sepahijala 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 1.05

South 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.01

Unkoti 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.42

West 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.79

Total 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 6.00

Table 4.63: Area target under conoe weeder demonstration

Area Target (hectare)2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 241 241 241 241 241

Gomati 472 472 472 472 472

Khowai 386 386 386 386 386

North 264 264 264 264 264

Sepahijala 526 526 526 526 526

South 506 506 506 506 506

Unkoti 210 210 210 210 210

West 394 394 394 394 394

Tripura 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Table 4.64: Total financial outlay for conoeweeder demonstrationArea Target (hectare)2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1.446 1.446 1.446 1.446 1.446 7.23

Gomati 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 14.16

Khowai 2.316 2.316 2.316 2.316 2.316 11.58

North 1.584 1.584 1.584 1.584 1.584 7.92

Sepahijala 3.156 3.156 3.156 3.156 3.156 15.78

South 3.036 3.036 3.036 3.036 3.036 15.18

Unkoti 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 6.3

West 2.364 2.364 2.364 2.364 2.364 11.82

Tripura 18 18 18 18 18 89.97

FINAL REPORT


residue) problems resulting in environmental and human contamination. Crop protection measure ought to be such that there are environmentally benign and is safe for human consumption, which will help in maintaining the natural enemies of the pests in a balance state. There is a need to strengthen promotion of biopesticide to reduce the bad effects of synthetic pesticides. One state bio-control laboratory was set up in the state in the year 2001 for mass production of bio-agents for their field application. The products of state bio-control laboratory are now a days popular with brand name of ‘TRIP’ (viz. TRIP TV, TRIP TH, TRIP FLURO, TRIP BACIL, TRIP GRAMMA, and TRIP GREEN) among the farmers. More such biopesticide production units need to be set up in the state to fulfil the demand of the biopesticide. Thus considering this eight new biopesticides production units are proposed for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs. 320 lakh. (Table 4.65)

Establishment of biofertilizer production unitsBiofertlizer popularization in the state started during 2000–01 and has increased significantly from 2010–11 onwards. Three biofertilizer production centres at Udaipur, Dharmanagar, and Ambassa are functioning under PPP model. Consumption of chemical NPK fertilizer has increased from 4 Kg/hectares in 1999 to 60 Kg/hectares during 2013–14. Total consumption of the chemical fertlilizer has also increased four times from 15,940 MT during 2010–11 to 70,160 MT during 2013–14. Among different fertilizers urea and SSP are

Table 4.65: Numbers and financial outlay of biopesticide production units target

Bio pesticides production units Rs. 40 lakh/unit 8 unitsPhysical Target in Numbers Financial Outlay ( Rs in Lakhs)

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1 40 0 0 0 0 40

Gomati 1 0 40 0 0 0 40

Khowai 1 0 0 40 0 0 40

North 1 0 0 0 40 0 40

Sepahijala 1 0 0 0 0 40 40

South 1 40 0 0 0 0 40

Unkoti 1 0 40 0 0 0 40

West 1 0 0 40 0 0 40

Total 2 2 2 1 1 80 80 80 40 40 320

the main fertilizers used in Tripura. A total of 64 per cent urea, 51 per cent of SSP, and 58 per cent MoP is distributed through government channels. Among various districts, West Tripura has highest consumption followed by South Tripura. Dhalai district has very low fertilizer consumption. Fertilizer requirement is equally distributed in Kharif and Rabi season in West and North Tripura; however. in South Tripura fertilizer requirement is more during Rabi season, and in Dhalai, it is more during Kharif season. West Tripura also has highest NPK consumption of 76 kg/hectare against state average of 60 kg/hectare. South Tripura is below than the state average with 46 kg/hectare while Dhalai has very low that is, 19 kg/hectare. Against the ideal NPK ratio of 4:2:1, Tripura has NPK ratio of 2.5:1.8:1, which varies across the districts. Availability of fertilizers in Tripura state on a whole is very low as only 50 per cent of the urea required to the state was available for application during 2013–14.

Main constraints with regard to biofertilizer and fertilizers are:

1. Low availability as a whole, 2. Untimely supply,3. Fifty per cent of share is holding by private sector,

which leads to increase in price of the inputs,4. NPK ratio not ideal,5. Varied consumption pattern among districts.

Thus, one strategy to overcome these constrains is to establish more biofertilizer production unit; so total 20 new biofertilizers production units are recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs. 800 lakh. (Table 4.66)

FINAL REPORT


Establishment vermicomposting production unitsUse of chemicals over years has resulted in impoverising soils of organic matter and earthworms. It is possible to reclaim degraded lands with simple, ecofriendly practices such as application of compost and vermicompost, mulching, and polyculture cropping. Enhancement of soil quality by organic amendment especially vermicomposting is becoming increasingly popular among farmers as a source of soil fertility and also as a source of income generation. Most of the farmers in the plains of West Tripura still practice mono-crop system where one major crop is grown annually. Ignorance in terms of manure and fertilizer application with respect to the fertility status is one of the major factors leading to low productivity of the crops. There is accumulating scientific evidence that vermicompost has a significant positive influence on the growth, productivity, shelf-life, and quality of

Table 4.66: Numbers and financial outlay of bio fertlizer production units targetEstablish Bio fertlizer unit Rs.40 lakh/unit

Physical Target in Numbers Financial Outlay ( Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1 1 1 0 40 0 40 40 120

Gomati 1 1 40 0 40 0 0 80

Khowai 1 1 1 40 0 40 40 120

North 1 1 0 40 0 40 80

Sepahijala 1 1 1 40 0 40 0 40 120

South 1 1 0 40 0 40 0 80

Unkoti 1 1 1 40 0 40 0 40 120

West 1 1 0 40 0 40 0 80

Total 4 4 4 4 4 160 160 160 160 160 800

crop plants; improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil; and provides all type of plant nutrients in available form Thus to promote and efficient supply of vermicopost, there is a need to establish more vermicomposting production units; so total 800 new vermicomposting production units are recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs. 80 lakh. (Table 4.67).

Promotion of bio-pesticides and biofertlizersThere is a need to promote the use of biopesticide and biofertilizer with proper supply so a target of total 500 hectare coverage has been recommended for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs 2.5 lakh (Table 4.68).

Promotion of IPMIndiscriminate and injudicious use of chemical pesticides in agriculture has resulted in several associated adverse

Table 4.67: Numbers and financial outlay of Vermi compost units target (Rs.10000/unit)

Physical Target in Numbers Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015– 16

2016–17

2017–18

2018– 19

2019–20

2015–16

2016– 17

2017– 18

2018– 19

2019–20

Total

Dhalai 19 19 19 19 19 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.91 9.57

Gomati 24 24 24 24 24 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 12.24

Khowai 23 23 23 23 23 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 11.57

North 12 12 12 12 12 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 5.87

Sepahijala 24 24 24 24 24 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 11.98

South 26 26 26 26 26 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 13.22

Unakoti 14 14 14 14 14 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 7.10

West 17 17 17 17 17 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 8.47

Tripura 160 160 160 160 160 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 80.00

FINAL REPORT


effects such as environmental pollution, ecological imbalances, pesticides residues in food, fruits and vegetables, fodder, soil and water, pest resurgence, human and animal health hazards, destruction of biocontrol agents, development of resistance in pests etc. Therefore, Government of India has adopted IPM as cardinal principle and main plank of plant protection in the overall Crop Production Programme since 1985. IPM is an eco-friendly approach that encompasses cultural, mechanical, biological, and need-based chemical control measures. The IPM approach is being disseminated through various schemes/projects at national and state level.

Upland rice covers 3 lakh hectare area of Tripura. Its productivity is low (0.6 to 1.0 t/hectare) owing to biotic constraints such as root knot nematode, termite, weeds,

Table 4.68: Area expansion and financial outlay under biopesticides and biofertilizer promotion Rs. 500/hectare for 500 hectare)

Physical Target (in Hectare)2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 7 7 7 7 7 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.175Gomati 16 16 16 16 16 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.4Khowai 13 13 13 13 13 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.325North 9 9 9 9 9 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.225Sepahijala 18 18 18 18 18 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.45South 17 17 17 17 17 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.425Unkoti 7 7 7 7 7 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.175West 13 13 13 13 13 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.325Total 100 100 100 100 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 TRIPURA 500 ha Rs. 2.5 lakh

leaf and panicle blasts, brown spot, gundhi bug, and grain discolouration. Abiotic stresses such as drought, poor soil type, and acidic upland soils also aggravate the pest problems. However, by effectively controlling these, the productivity of upland rice can be improved to 3.0 t/hectare. A holistic IPM package for upland rice should focus on weed control through cost-effective methods. Proper weed control effectively reduces the incidence of insects and diseases also as the weeds act as alternate hosts for many pests.

Beside this, climate of Tripura is also leading in increased outbreak of pests and diseases. Strategy to combat this would require developing resistant variety and promotion of IPM. So to promote IPM, a target of 500 hectare area is recommended with a financial outlay of Rs. 25 lakh (Table 4.69).

Table 4.69: Area expansion and financial outlay under IPM promotion moduleArea Coverage (in Hectare) Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 total

Dhalai 8 8 8 8 8 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.16

Gomati 16 16 16 16 16 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.62

Khowai 13 13 13 13 13 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.41

North 9 9 9 9 9 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.19

Sepahijala 18 18 18 18 18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.77

South 17 17 17 17 17 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.71

Unkoti 7 7 7 7 7 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12

West 13 13 13 13 13 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.43

Total 100 100 100 100 100 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 25.00

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15. Assistance for Agricultural Crop Production in FRA areas including Jhum“The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006” was passed in the parliament on December 13, 2006. The President of India assented to the Bill on December 29, 2006 and the Act came into force. The Act recognizes the rights, responsibilities, and authority of the forest- dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers for sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity, and maintenance of ecological balance, and thereby, strengthening the conservation regime of the forests while ensuring livelihood and food security of the forest dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. On the basis of reconnaissance survey of area under Forest Dwellers Act, 2006, it has been estimated that nearly

15–20 per cent and 25–30 per cent area can be brought under sustainable and eco-friendly use for agricultural crops, vegetable, and other horticultural plantation crops. The areas distributed/allotted among the tribal farmers under the Act can broadly be categorized as rain-fed upland ecosystem. Though rain-fed upland is generally low yielder but yield can be increased through proper interventions such as selection of crops, varieties, management practices, and many other frontier agri-production technologies. So to provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to the forest dwellers while retaining their symbiotic relationship with the forest and ensuring their socioeconomic development as well as retaining the ecological balance of the area, a target has been recommended to include 50,000 hectare with outlay of 1,215 lakh and to include 10,000 hectare for Jhum productivity improvement with a financial outlay of 3,413.80 lakh (Table 4.70 and 4.71).

Table 4.70: Area coverage and financial outlay for agricultural crop production in FRA areaFRA Area Area Coverage (in Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 3,181 3,181 3,181 3,181 3,181 77.29 77.29 77.29 77.29 77.29 386.46

Gomati 491 491 491 491 491 11.94 11.94 11.94 11.94 11.94 59.68

Khowai 655 655 655 655 655 15.92 15.92 15.92 15.92 15.92 79.58

North 491 491 491 491 491 11.94 11.94 11.94 11.94 11.94 59.68

Sepahijala 1,415 1,415 1,415 1,415 1,415 34.38 34.38 34.38 34.38 34.38 171.89

South 1,306 1,306 1,306 1,306 1,306 31.73 31.73 31.73 31.73 31.73 158.67

Unakoti 1,378 1,378 1,378 1,378 1,378 33.49 33.49 33.49 33.49 33.49 167.47

West 1,083 1,083 1,083 1,083 1,083 26.32 26.32 26.32 26.32 26.32 131.58

Tripura 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 243.00 243.00 243.00 243.00 243.00 1,215.00

Table 4.71: Area coverage and financial outlay for Jhum productivity improvementArea coverage (in Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 636 636 636 636 636 217.17 217.17 217.17 217.17 217.17 1,085.83

Gomati 98 98 98 98 98 33.54 33.54 33.54 33.54 33.54 167.69

Khowai 131 131 131 131 131 44.72 44.72 44.72 44.72 44.72 223.59

North 98 98 98 98 98 33.54 33.54 33.54 33.54 33.54 167.69

Sepahijala 283 283 283 283 283 96.59 96.59 96.59 96.59 96.59 482.96

South 261 261 261 261 261 89.16 89.16 89.16 89.16 89.16 445.81

Unakoti 276 276 276 276 276 94.11 94.11 94.11 94.11 94.11 470.53

West 217 217 217 217 217 73.94 73.94 73.94 73.94 73.94 369.70

Tripura 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 3,413.80

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Innovative seed village modelsResearch should be prioritized for standardization of location-specific seed production technologies for all agricultural crops. Certified seed production infrastructure through PPP and development of seed villages involving progressive farmers’ societies need to be strengthened. Keeping in view the overall agriculture growth rate of 4.5 per cent, strategies should be worked out to increase the seed production for paddy and its improvement. To encourage seed production activity among the farming community and also to compensate the yield, there is need to promote area for seed production. Therefore, to improve seed production for food security and to improve the socio-economic status of farming community in Tripura, a target of additional area for seed production of following seed will be set up as a target for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of total Rs. 9,932 lakh (Tables 4.72–4.76)

Promotion of AgroforestryAs the state has good forest cover that leads to less availability of cultivable land, so agroforestry can be good enough saviour for enhancing income of the marginal farmers. Some suitable agroforestry models for state are:

� Bamboo+ Jackfruit+ Maize+ Pineapple � Bamboo+ Arecanut+ Dalbergia+ Maize+ Black

Pepper � Bamboo+ Mango+ Maize+ Pineapple

Table 4.72: Crops covered under seed villageCrop Area (in Hectare) Financial Outlay (in Lakhs)

Oil seed 1,000 12.00

Pulses 1,200 45.00

Paddy HYV 48,000 9,000

Paddy HYB 2,000 875

Table 4.74: Area coverage (hectare) and financial outlay (lakh) for pulses crops under innovative seed village models

Pulses Area coverage (Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs. in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 258.0 257.8 257.8 257.8 257.8 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 9.6Gomati 114.8 114.8 114.8 114.8 114.8 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 4.2Khowai 293.7 293.7 293.7 293.7 293.7 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.19 11.1

North 141.9 141.9 141.9 141.9 141.9 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 5.4Sepahijala 74.7 74.7 74.7 74.7 74.7 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 2.7

South 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 2.4Unkoti 51.5 51.5 51.5 51.5 51.5 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 1.8West 200.7 200.7 200.7 200.7 200.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 7.5

Total 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 9 9 9 9 9 45

Table 4.73: Area coverage (hectare) and financial outlay (lakh) for oilseed crops under innovative seed village models

Oilseed Area (Hectare)

Area coverage (Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 95.7 95.7 95.7 95.7 95.7 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 1.2

Gomati 67.1 67.1 67.1 67.1 6z7.1 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.8

Khowai 341.0 341.0 341.0 341.0 341.0 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 4

North 95.3 95.3 95.3 95.3 95.3 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 1.2

Sepahijala 58.3 58.3 58.3 58.3 58.3 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.6

South 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

Unkoti 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

West 178.7 178.7 178.7 178.7 178.7 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 2.2

Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

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Table 4.75: Area coverage (hectare) and financial outlay (lakh) for paddy HYV crops under innovative seed village models

Paddy HYV Area Coverage (Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 3,862 3,862 3,862 3,862 3,862 145 145 145 145 145 724

Gomati 7,556 7,556 7,556 7,556 7,556 283.5 283.5 283.5 283.5 283.5 1,416.5

Khowai 6,179 6,179 6,179 6,179 6,179 231.5 231.5 231.5 231.5 231.5 1,158.5

North 4,222 4,222 4,222 4,222 4,222 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 158.5 791.5

Sepahijala 8,419 8,419 8,419 8,419 8,419 315.5 315.5 315.5 315.5 315.5 1,578.5

South 8,095 8,095 8,095 8,095 8,095 303.5 303.5 303.5 303.5 303.5 1,518

Unkoti 3,358 3,358 3,358 3,358 3,358 126 126 126 126 126 629.5

West 6,308 6,308 6,308 6,308 6,308 236.5 236.5 236.5 236.5 236.5 1,182.5

Total 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 9,000

Table 4.76: Area coverage (hectare) and financial outlay (lakh) for paddy HYB crops under innovative seed village models

Paddy HYB

Area coverage (Hectare) Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 161 161 161 161 161 14 14 14 14 14 70.5

Gomati 315 315 315 315 315 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 137.75

Khowai 257 257 257 257 257 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 112.75

North 176 176 176 176 176 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 77

Sepahijala 351 351 351 351 351 30.75 30.75 30.75 30.75 30.75 153.5

South 337 337 337 337 337 29.5 29.5 29.5 29.5 29.5 147.5

Unkoti 140 140 140 140 140 12.25 12.25 12.25 12.25 12.25 61.25

West 263 263 263 263 263 23 23 23 23 23 115

Total 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 175 175 175 175 175 875

Financial outlay for agroforestry is made with provision of Rs. 40 lakh each year. Total allocation of funds planned is Rs. 200 lakh for the plan. Rupees five lakh are planned for each district for each year for agro-forestry (Table 4.77) This scheme is also suggested in horticulture section.

Table 4.77: Financial outlay for agro-forestry promotion Physical Target Financial OutlayDistricts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

West 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Sepahijala 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Khowai 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Gomati 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

South 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

North 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Unakoti 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Tripura 80 80 80 80 80 40 40 40 40 40 200

Distribution of different farm implements to small and marginal farmers through subsidyPhysical and financial targets for distribution of farm implements to small and marginal farmers through subsidy are provided at Table 4.78.

FINAL REPORT


Installation of automatic weather station and raingaugeThe monsoon-dependent agriculture has greater seasonal rainfall variability, uncertainty, and recurrent drought. If farmers are provided with weather information on real-time basis without time lag, there is possibility for risk management. This can be accomplished only by good network of observatories to the domain level of blocks with fast communication facilities. Installation of Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is the cheaper and best way of getting real-time weather data, which will help the scientists to develop location-specific forecast for farm management decisions. This will enable local farmers to move from low productivity risk-aversion orientation approach to a tactical ‘response’ approach that optimizes production potential towards sustainability while also reducing their vulnerability to climate extremes

It is proposed to install 58 AWS (1 in each block) of Tripura with financial outlay Rs. 391.5 lakh.

Establishment of farmers knowledge centres

For development of agriculture in Tripura, farmers have to be motivated, guided, assisted, supported, and helped to have access to the latest research findings in the area of agriculture by making available all the information that is required in their village so that they may not waste their time, energy, and meager resources in transporting the inputs required and their produce to

Table 4.78: Physical and financial targets for distribution of farm implements to small and marginal farmers through subsidy

No of Farm Implemets Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 161 161 161 161 161 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.1 80.5

Gomati 315 315 315 315 315 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 157.5

Khowai 257 257 257 257 257 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 128.5

North 176 176 176 176 176 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 88

Sepahijala 351 351 351 351 351 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 175.5

South 337 337 337 337 337 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 168.5

Unkoti 140 140 140 140 140 14 14 14 14 14 70

West 263 263 263 263 263 26.3 26.3 26.3 26.3 26.3 131.5

Total 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 200 200 200 200 200 1,000

the different locations where the information of goods that they seek is available. With this motive ‘Farmer Knowledge Centres’ may be established in the state. We recommend one such farmers knowledge centre for ten panchayats with a total of 100 such centers in the state with the financial outlay of Rs. 10 lakh per unit (Table 4.79). Also, establishment of one such knowledge center in each agri-subdivision is proposed with a financial outlay of Rs. 1,150 lakh.

Table 4.79: Physical and financial targets for establishment of farmers knowledge centres

Physical Target

Unit Rate (Lakhs)

Financial Out lay (Rs in Lakhs)

Panchayat Level

100 10 1,000

Agri-Subdivision Level

23 50 1,150

Establishment of technology dissemination centres at state and district levelThere is a greater need for coordination between researchers and technology users. A higher degree of integration needs to be achieved by having a formal management mechanism linking scientists or department in-charges of different disciplines (though engaged in interdependent tasks) on the one hand to the technology users on the other. The linkage mechanism should be with formal, permanent, mandated, facilitated, and designated function. The establishment

FINAL REPORT


of an agricultural technology discemination centre will provide such a mechanism beyond the individual unit of a research institution to contribute to the dissemination of the technology. The agricultural technology dissemination centre is support system linking the various units of a research institution with intermediary users and end users (farmers) in decision- making and problem-solving exercise regarding new technology. We are recommending such technology centre in each district level with financial outlay of Rs. 450 lakh (Table 4.80).

supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizers. Availability of fertilizer in Tripura on a whole is very low; 50 per cent of the urea required by the state was available for application during 2013–14.

Main constraints with regard to bio fertilizer and fertilizers are:

1. Low availability as a whole ,2. Untimely supply,

Table 4.80: Physical and financial targets for establishment of technology dissemination centre at state and district level

Physical Taget (No) Financial Allocation (Lakhs)Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 1 50 50

west 1 1 50 50 100

Sepahijala 1 50 50

khowai 1 50 50

gomati 1 50 50

south 1 50 50

north 1 50 50

Unakoti 1 50 50

Tripura 2 2 2 1 2 100 100 100 50 100 450

Strengthening of research centre at Arundhati NagarIn Tripura State Research Station was established in 1961 in Arundhati Nagar. This station endeavours to keep pace with the new frontiers of crop improvements and contemporary developments those are socially and technically relevant to the states, agriculture policy. There is requirement in improvement of such centre. We are recommending finicial out lay of 50 lakhs per year for its improvement (Table 4.81).

Table 4.81: Financial targets (in Lakhs) for strengthening state research station

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019220 Total

150 150 150 150 150 750

Capacity building of farmers on bio-fertilizerUse of biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management as they are cost- effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to

3. Fifty per cent of share is holding by private sector, which leads to increase in price of the inputs,

4. NPK ratio not ideal, and5. Varied consumption pattern among district.

One strategy to overcome supply constraints is that farmers should be made self-sufficient and in strong capacity to get benefits from biofertilizers is strengthening the farmer’s capacity.

Keeping this in mind total budget of Rs. 10 lakh has been proposed for training of 100 farmers every year during the current five year plan.

Farmers exposure visit and Krishi melaKrishi mela plays a pivotal role in transfer of strengthening technologies to the end users. Krishi melas help to educate farmers on the latest developments in agriculture and allied fields both in terms of practice and technology. These are good platforms to disseminate information on the scope of post-harvest technology, seed processing, soil and water conservation practices, organic farming, green house technology, and farm

FINAL REPORT


machinery. Exposure visits and krishi mela are vehicles to enlighten the farmers on the availability of technical, financial, and other supports offered by various agencies and also to create awareness amongst the farming community on judicious use of natural resources.

Keeping the importance of Krishi Mela in mind, Rs. 9 lakh has been recommended for this purpose during the present five year plan.

Infrastructure development of KVKsFor Infrastructure development of KVKs, financial oulay of 5 crore is proposed.

Improvement and development of government farmsFor Improvement and development of government farmsfinancial oulay of 4 crore is proposed

4.20 Projects recommended under NMSA

Sustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural resources like soil and water. Agricultural growth can be sustained by promoting conservation and sustainable use of these scarce natural resources through appropriate location-specific measures. Indian agriculture remains predominantly rainfed covering about 60 per cent of the country’s net sown area and accounts for 40 per cent of the total food production. Thus, conservation of natural resources in conjunction with development of rainfed agriculture holds the key to meet burgeoning demands for food grain in the country. Towards this end, National Mission

for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas focusing on integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health management, and synergizing resource conservation.

Soil ameliorationTripura soil is marked by characteristic features that vary with the topographical changes in the state. The other factors that influence the prevalence of the different types of soils in the state of Tripura are the climatic changes, prevalent rock material, and the vegetation. Soil erosion caused by chemical weathering of the soil in the state has led to the bed rock of the region being revealed.

Soil of Tripura is acidic in nature ranging from slightly acidic to extremely acidic (<4.5). About 49.20 per cent of the state area belongs to strongly acidic category (5.1 to 5.5). The organic Carbon content is moderate. Majority of the soil (36 per cent of the state) have medium status (280 to 450 Kg/hectare). Soils (33 per cent) are very low in available phosphorus content. Due to acidic nature phosphorous is fixed with Al and Fe.

The soil of Tripura is faced with the problem of rapid soil erosion. This occurs due to chemical weathering with the high annual rainfall. Another factor that is responsible for the rapid erosion of soil in Tripura is the withdrawal of vegetation in the state that has caused the high velocity of the wind to remove soil cover. Total budget of soil amelioration is Rs. 750 lakh with allocation of Rs. 150 lakh per year (Table 4.82).

Table 4.82: Soil ameliorationPhysical Target Financial Target

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 598 598 598 598 598 17.94 17.94 17.94 17.94 17.94 89.71

Gomati 765 765 765 765 765 22.94 22.94 22.94 22.94 22.94 114.72

Khowai 723 723 723 723 723 21.69 21.69 21.69 21.69 21.69 108.44

North 367 367 367 367 367 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 54.99

Sepahijala 749 749 749 749 749 22.46 22.46 22.46 22.46 22.46 112.32

South 826 826 826 826 826 24.79 24.79 24.79 24.79 24.79 123.93

Unakoti 443 443 443 443 443 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 66.52

West 529 529 529 529 529 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 15.88 79.38

Tripura 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 750.00

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Table 4.83: Financial allocation (in crore) of various districts under agriculture sectorDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 29.55 30.69 31.84 32.99 34.14 159.22Gomati 57.81 60.06 62.31 64.55 66.8 311.53Khowai 47.28 49.12 50.96 52.79 54.62 254.77North 32.31 33.56 34.82 36.07 37.33 174.08Sipahijala 64.43 66.92 69.42 71.92 74.42 347.12South 61.94 64.35 66.75 69.16 71.57 333.76Unakoti 25.7 26.69 27.69 28.68 29.69 138.45West 48.26 50.14 52.01 53.88 55.76 260.06Tripura 367.28 381.54 395.8 410.06 424.32 1,979

4.21 Financial Allocations for the Plan Period 2015–20

Financial requirement for agriculture sector for the plan period 2015–20 for the Tripura is Rs. 1,979 crore. District-wise and year-wise details are provided at Table 4.83.

4.22 Budget Requirement for Recommended RKVY Projects

Total financial allocation for RKVY schemes is recommended at 71,236.8 lakhs.

Table 4.85: Summary of suggested schemes under RKVY is given below

Estimated Outlay (Rs. in Lakh)

Name of the Scheme Physical Target

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture

1 SRI target area and outlay (hectare per year)

142,341 4,605.391 5,055.396 5,505.4 5,955.405 6,405.409 27,527

Conoeweeder and other SRI equipment (hectare)

15,000 18 18 18 18 18 89.97

2 Hybrid seed (area coverage) (hectare)

75,000 580.5 715.5 850.5 945 1,012.5 4,104

HYV seed (area coverage) (hectare)

880,675 1,621.013 1,471.013 1,321.013 1,171.013 1,021.013 6,605.063

4.23 Budget Requirement for Recommended NMSA Projects

Table 4.84: Financial allocation for RKVY schemesSector 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture 15,259 12,627.6 13,649.2 14,324.2 15,376.8 71,236.8

Under central government scheme of NMSA, a total budget of Rs. 150 lakh has been proposed (Table 4.86), mainly to be utilized for soil amelioration.

Table 4.86: Financial allocation under NMSA

Rs in Lakhs

Year 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Financial allocation

150 150 150 150 750 750

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3 Plant nutrients (additional area coverage) (hectare per year)

6,000 30 30 30 30 30 150

4 Pulses Improvement (1000 demon per year for three year, 200 hectare HYVand 40 hectare Hybrid (hectare)

240 106.65 0.65 110 1 116 334.3

5 Maize programme (hectare per year)

5,000 250 250 250 250 250 1,250

6 Power tiller (no.) 5,000 750 750 750 750 750 3,750

Sprayer (no.) 5,000 8 8 8 8 8 40

Thresher (no.) 500 40 40 40 40 40 200

SRI equipment (no.) 1,000 5 5 5 5 5 25

Drum seeder (no.) 1,000 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 6

7 Innovative seed village model oilseed (hectare)

5,000 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

Innovative seed village model pulses (hectare)

6,000 9 9 9 9 9 45

Innovative seed village modelPaddy HYV (hectare)

240,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 9,000

Innovative seed village model Paddy HYB (hectare)

10,000 175 175 175 175 175 875

8 FRA area 50,000 243 243 243 243 243 1,215

Jhum productivity improvement (hectare)

10,000 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 3,413.8

9 Seed treatment scheme (NMAET 2014) at the rate of Rs. 2/kg for 240,000 kg seed

240,000 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 4.8

10 Vermicompost units 800 16 16 16 16 16 80

11 IPM module at the rate of Rs. 5,000/hectare total of Rs. 25 lakh for 500 hectare

500 5 5 5 5 5 25

12 Bio pesticides Rs. 500/hectare for 500 hectare

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5

13 Utilization of rice fallow area under maize (Hectare)

75,000 129.99 609.99 1,089.99 1,569.99 2,089.99 5,489.95

14 Biofertilizer production 20 160 160 160 160 160 800

15 Bio pesticides production units Rs. 40 lakh/unit 8 units

8 80 80 80 40 40 320

16 Introduction of Agro-forestry system (Hectare)

400 40 40 40 40 40 200

17 Capacity bulding of farmers on bio-fertilizer Rs.10,000/training

100 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10

18 Farmers Exposure visit and Krishi mela at the rate of Rs. 800/day/farmers for 7 days

2.24 3.36 1.12 1.12 1.12 8.96

19 Area expansion of oilseed crop

5,000 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

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20 Establishment of farmers knowledge centres at agricultural sub-division (No.)

23 1,150

Establishment of village level knowledge centre at each panchayat

100 1,000 1,000

21 Establishment of technology dissemination centre at state and district level (no.)

9 100 100 100 50 100 450

22 Strengthening of research centre at Arundhati Nagar

1 150 150 150 150 150 750

23 Infrastructure development of KVKs

500 500

24 Improvement and development of government farms

400 400

25 Distribution of farm implements to small and marginal farmers

200 200 200 200 200 1,000

26 Installation of automatic weather station and raingauge (No.)

58 391.5 391.5

Horticulture

CHAPTER 5

5.1 Horticulture StatusThe state’s horticulture sector comprises fruits, vegetables, spices, and plantation crops. In Tripura, fruits, such as, pineapple, orange, banana, litchi, lemon and plantation crops, such as, bamboo, coconut, and cashew are popular (Figure 5.1). According to 2013-14 data 1.37 lakh hectare land is under horticulture crops which constitutes about 29 per cent of the gross cropped area of Tripura. Productivity (11,841 kg per Ha) compares very well with national average of 11,462 kg/Ha (Figure 5.2).

The strong production base of some horticulture crop, such as pineapple, potato, jackfruit, litchi, banana, and orange creates opportune conditions for investment in setting up processing units. The state has the highest pineapple and jackfruit production rate in the country. Though most of the crops grown are consumed within and caters to the local market but some vegetable and horticultural crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, potato and pineapple, orange, jackfruit, ginger, etc., are supplied to the rest of the country. Pineapples and oranges from Tripura region are renowned for unique flavour and organic nature of produce. There is immense potential for development of this sector. In order to realize the potential in the horticultural and food processing sector, the government has established a Food Park at Bodhjung nagar, which has all the modern facilities like testing laboratories, cold storage, pack house, warehouse, etc., that are needed for the growth of food processing industries.

The following facts depict the potentialities of the horticulture sector.

� More income is generated by growing fruits than by growing any agronomic crops such as wheat, rice, maize, etc.

� Calorific value of food is more than cereals. � Fruit culture provides employment to the rural

people throughout the year. � Cultivation of fruit crops helps in maintaining

ecological balance and checks the pollution. � Being rich in minerals and vitamins, fruit crops

assume great importance in nutritional security. � Area under banana and pineapple cultivation has

increased sharply during 2011–12 (Figure 5.1). Area under mango cultivation has also increased. Jackfruit area has remained almost constant over the years.

Fruit crops are spread in all the eight districts of Tripura. However, South Tripura, Dhalai and North Tripura have very high area under fruit crops (Table 5.1). South Tripura has also high area under potato and plantation crops. Sepahijala has the highest area under vegetable cultivation. North Tripura also has a high area under floriculture.

Fruits and NutsAmong the fruit crops banana occupies the highest area (22 per cent) closely followed by pineapple with 20 per cent share of fruit crop area (Figure 5.3), jackfruit with 15 per cent area occupies third place and Mango on fourth place with 14 per cent area. Mandarin occupies only 9 per cent area and lemon and litchis occupy 6 per cent of the fruit crop area. Jampui orange is very famous fruit crop of Tripura. ‘Queen’ and ‘Kew’ varieties of pineapple, jampui oranges, litchis and cashew are

FINAL REPORT


Figure 5.1: Trend in Area under Different Horticultural Crops In Tripura (In Ha)

Table 5.1 District-wise area under fruits, vegetables, flowers, and plantation crops area in Ha(2008-09)

DistrictTotal fruits

VegetablesPotato

Flower crops

Total plantation

crops

Total spices

TotalSummer Winter

Total vegetables

Khowai 2,534 1,839 1,508 3,347 362 0 828 256 7,327

West 3,857 2,166 1,815 3,981 361 9 1,513 407 10,128

Sepahiala 3,337 2,483 1,729 5,359 787 25 1,353 547 11,408

Gomati 3,716 1,681 1,986 3,667 959 0 1,347 0 9,689

South 6,000 1,632 1,447 3,079 1,631 0 5,199 0 15,909

Dhalai 6,248 1,476 1,076 2,552 661 10 1,377 411 11,259

North 6,971 1,672 1,318 2,990 632 67 1,812 485 12,957

Unakoti 2,764 833 6,88 1,521 393 22 847 245 5,792

Tripura 9,735 2,505 2,006 4,511 1,025 89 2,659 730 18,749

some of the products of Tripura that are popular in the rest of the country. Lemons are cultivated on large scale in North Tripura.

When it comes to production, jackfruit occupies the first place (Figure 5.4). Pineapple occupies the second place while banana is the third largest produced fruit crop. Water melon has been introduced as a new fruit crop in the state and has been found to be very remunerative to the farmers.

Jackfruit and pineapple are the major fruit crops in Tripura. While jackfruit production has remained more or less same, pineapple production has increased significantly over the years as is visible from the fact

that area under pineapple cultivation has increased significantly from 3,889 Ha in 1995–96 to 6,184 in 2006-07(Figure 5.5).

VegetablesDue to diversified climate Tripura has a huge potential for vegetable cultivation, which are not only a good source of nutrition but also extremely important for the nutritional security of the state. Being short duration crops they fit well in multiple cropping systems and also provide good economic returns to the farmers. In view of their importance for nutritional and economic security it is important to increase the area under vegetable crops and enhance their productivity.

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73HORTICULTURE

Figure 5.2: Area and Production of Horticultural crops in Tripura Vegetables are grown in both summer and winter seasons

with almost equal area under cultivation i.e 17,910 ha under summer vegetable and 18,870 ha under winter vegetables (Table 5.2) however productivity is higher during winter season. Potatoes have a good scope for value addition. Tapioca has been introduced as new vegetable in Tripura state. Greenhouse and poly house production can be implemented as a source of off-season vegetables in Tripura. Different varieties of cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, okra, capsicum, radish, lettuce, broccoli, and peas can be promoted in the state. In greenhouses such varieties can be produced under controlled conditions and off season varieties can be good source of income for farmers. Table 5.3 provides the status of various states of India in terms of vegetable productivity. Tripura lie very low within average 10–15 T/ ha productivity (Table 5.3).

Potato is a major vegetable crop of the state with 6,700 Ha land coverage (Figure 5.6). Yields of various

Figure 5.3: Percentage Area of Various Fruit Crops in Tripura

Figure 5.4: Area and Production of Fruit Crops in Tripura

Source: http://iivr.org.in/Publications/Vegetable%20Statistics.pdf

Figure 5.5: Trend in Area and Production of Fruit and Nuts Crop in Tripura

Table 5.2: The area, production, and productivity of summer and winter vegetables in Tripura during

2012–13

Area (‘000 Ha)

Produc-tion (lakh

MT)

Produc-tivity

(MT/Ha)Summer vegetables

17.91 2.73 15.24

Winter vegetables 18.87 3.32 17.59

Total 36.78 6.05 --

FINAL REPORT


vegetable crops are slightly less than the Indian average except tomato where it is higher than the national average (Figure 5.7). The area under vegetable crops has remained almost constant, however, production has decreased mainly due to water scarcity during winter season and pest and disease pressure (Figure 5.8). Salema, Bishalghar, Matabari, and Bagfa are the major potato growing area in Tripura (Figure 5.9). Tripura has taken a lead role in True Potato Seed (TPS) production. The area under potato can be increased through the use of TPS seedling tuber (tuberlet) along with application of appropriate use of fertilizer and improved packages of practice. For improvement of TPS techniques TPS production center is running at Nagichhera in Agartala and there is a need to enhance research and development activity to improve TPS

Table 5.3: Uneven development of vegetable productivity across different states

Vegetable productivity States25–30 t/ha Tamil Nadu

20–25 t/ha Kerala, J&K, UP, Punjab

15–20 t/ha Karnataka, West Bengal, HP, AP, Gujarat, Bihar, Delhi, Jharkhand

10–15 t/ha Tripura, Odisha, Haryana, MP, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Assam, Manipur, Goa

Less than 10 t/ha Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Sikkim

techniques for potato production in unequal or water scarcity condition.

Spices and CondimentsBetel nut, turmeric, chilli, and ginger are the major spices cultivated in Tripura utilizing a total area of 5,690 hectares during 2013–14(Table 5.4).Ginger is exported from Tripura. Area under betel nut production has increased after a stagnation period till 2006–07 (Figure 5.10) Ginger and chillies have great potential as value addition crops.

FloricultureFloriculture is in a nascent stage in Tripura. Commercially produced flowers are marigold, gladiolus, tuberose, cherry gold in open field condition and some exotic

Figure 5.6:Vegetable Area and Production in Tripura in 2009–10

Figure 5.7: Comparison of Yields of Various Vegetables with National Average ( 2009-10)

Figure 5.8: Vegetable Area and Production in Tripura

Figure 5.9: Area, Production, and Yield of Potato during 2012–13

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75HORTICULTURE

flowers like gerbera, orchids, and anthurium are being cultivated under controlled conditions. During the year 2012-13 an area of 209.95 ha was under the cultivation of flowers in the state. North Tripura, Unakoti, and Sepahijala have more than 10 ha under floriculture.

5.2 Infrastructure AvailabilitySince potato is one of the principal crops of Tripura and to avoid the gluts and distress sale in the market after harvesting and also to provide remunerative price to the growers throughout the year. State as a whole has 12 cold storages. There are four cold storages under State Agriculture Department viz. 500 MT potato cold storage at Teliamura of Khowai District, 2,000 MT potato cold store at Baikhora of South Tripura District, 1,000 MT cold stores at Satchand of South Tripura District, 2,000 MT potato cold store at Kumarghat of Unokati District and 3,500 MT multi-chambered cold store at Melaghar of Sephahijala District. Besides, four cold storages are run by private agencies, two cold

Table 5.4: Area and production of total spices in Tripura

2012–2013 2013–2014Area(In ‘ 000 Hectare)

Production(In ‘ 000 MT)

Area(In ‘ 000 Hectare)

Production(In ‘ 000 MT)

Tripura 5.69 18.04 5.7 18

India 3,075.9 5,743.52 3,163.2 5,908.3

Figure 5.10: Trend in Area Under Cultivation of Spices in Tripura

storages are run by Cooperation Department and one by the Central government. Total capacity of cold storages at present in the state is about 51,500 MT. There is a need to increase the number of cold storage to enhance the capacity of storage.

Food Processing Even though the horticulture industry is not doing very well in the NER front, there are examples where value addition of horticultural crops has clearly shown a contribution to income generation and poverty alleviation. For example, ginger is grown in almost whole of the NER, and is one of the most important cash crops of this region. Even if it only undergoes primary processing, the farmer’s income increases by 42.8 per cent per kg.

The value addition for fresh produce is sorting, washing, cleaning, drying and packaging and value added products can be ginger powder, ginger oil, ginger candy, ginger extract, and ginger garlic paste. Other than ginger, other crops of NER also have a demand for themselves in the market, and value addition to the crops will generate more employment, increase income of self-employed people. Therefore, it is required that the State government recognizes these crops and strive towards the development of their produce. Of the fruit crops, banana, pineapple, and orange are the most important, covering about 60 per cent of the area and accounting for 66 per cent of the production. Other important crops include litchi, coconut, and cashews nut in Tripura.

In Tripura the fruit processing industry is still at a budding stage. With regard to pineapple processing, food processing has been identified as a major thrust area in Tripura by the State government and has been provided with state incentive package. A modern food processing Technology Park is being set up near Agartala, to give a boost to this sector. Also, an agri export zone for pineapple has been developed. The setting up of food processing units holds a vast potential in Tripura. NERAMAC (a Government of India undertaking), had set up a Fruit Juice Concentration Plant at Nalkata in 1988 which is located at a distance of 135 km from Agartala. The installed capacity of the plant is to process 2 t/hr of fresh pineapple to produce only pineapple juice concentrate. Besides, producing pineapple juice concentrate in the plant there was no other infrastructure

FINAL REPORT


created for processing and value addition. From its very inception, the plant was running at a loss as it was a single-line plant. Moreover, the concentrate is produced during the pineapple season that lasts only for a maximum of 3-4 months. As per a sequel to the above, NERAMAC has proposed suitable diversification plan for a multi fruit processing unit at Nalkata by adding facilities like Aseptic Filler, commissioning of a canning and bottling line, renovation of the existing cold storage, etc., for an assorted product mix of multi-fruit line.

Government has set up a food park at Bodhjung nagar on 30 acres of land area out of which 20 acres have been earmarked for individual private units. Beside a Mega Food Park (MFP) has been approved by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) in the state, which is being implemented by a project SPV of private entrepreneurs. The State government has made available about 50 acres of land at Tulukona (near Agartala) for this project. Recently new units have come up in the food processing sector for modern rice milling, dairy processing, and biscuits.

To promote the industrial establishments in Tripura, the State government has formulated Tripura Industrial Investment Promotion Incentive Scheme 2012, effective from since, April 1, 2012 which shall remain in force for a period of five years ending on March 31, 2017.

Major Constraints for Fruits and Vegetables Processing in Tripura Various constraints have been identified in the processing of fruits and vegetables in Tripura. The main reasons are:

� Lack of plain land for fruits and vegetable production

� Lack of awareness about the rich potential of fruits and vegetables industry for employment and economic upliftment of the region

� Lack of awareness about the potential of fruits and vegetables

� Lack of arrangements processing, glut situation occurs which become a disincentive for production

� Lack of quality standards and HACCP practices narrow down the quality of fruits and vegetables products

� Lack of awareness /training about the quality standards among the consumers and sweet makers reduces the scope fruits and vegetables processing

� Lack of connectivity from city to city in hilly and forest coverage

5.3 Potential Areas for Investment — Tripura

Some of crops in North-Eastern Region also have a good demand in the market and value addition to the crops will generate more employment, and increase income of the self-employed people. Food processing industry in the state can be a good source for utilization of excess produce of horticultural crops such as pineapple, orange, potato, and jackfruit into valuable food outputs. Establishment of such food industries will improve the economy of the state and develop the industrial sector in the state (Table 5.5). The Central government is also promoting food processing industry under various schemes like National Mission for Food Processing and Make in India and Tripura has good chance for developing such industrial sectors in the state. Based on raw material availability in the state and adjoining areas, the following processing activities hold potential in the state.

Potential for Increasing Area Under Horticulture CropsTripura state has unexplored potential for increasing area under horticultural crops. It is reported that in Tripura 5,118 ha land is being utilized for fruit cultivation, 11,212 ha land for vegetable production (in which 4,863 ha for winter and 6,349 for summer vegetables), 77 ha for flower crop, 1,397 ha for plantation crop and only 1,353 ha for spices production (Annexure A1). In this regard Jirania and Hezamara blocks under West Tripura has 138 and 119 ha land available for fruit cultivation, respectively. Sepahijala has additional land for fruit cultivation available (Annexure A1) in Bishalgarh (650 ha) and Sepahijala (271 ha) blocks. These two blocks also have land for summer vegetables; 408 ha in Sepahijala and 1,535 ha in Bishalgarh. Bishalgarh needs special effort in order to utilize available land for winter vegetables (1312 ha) and potato (188 ha). Gomati district offers potential to increase land under fruit cultivation in Ampi block (123 ha) and that for vegetables crop in Kakraban (380) block. Different blocks of South Tripura ( Bagafa, Satchand, and Raj Nagar) offers land for fruit and vegetable cultivation. Similarly, Ambassa, Manu, and Salema

FINAL REPORT

77HORTICULTURE

Table 5.5: Value addition for horticulture crops

Crop Processed products that may be derivedPineapple Juice, Tidbit Slice, Jam, Concentrates, IQF, Fibre Marmalade, Cocktail Syrup, Preserved Fresh, Wax Emulsion

Jackfruit Dehydrated, Chips, Pulp in Syrup, Osmo-air Dried and Wax Emulsion

Litchi Juice, Jam, Syrup, Concentrates, IQF, Fruit Cocktail in Syrup

Banana Chips, Pulp, Concentrates, Banana Powder

Oranges Juice, Jam, Concentrate, Marmalade, Fruits Cocktail in Syrup

Potato Chips, Papad, Bhujia

blocks in Dhalai district has additional land available for fruit (160 ha, 141 ha land, 330 ha, respectively) and vegetables (210 ha, 471 ha and 407 ha, respectively). Salema also offers 153 ha additional land availability to be used for potato cultivation. In Dhalai district, Danburnagar block too has additional land of 375 ha available for vegetable cultivation. Panisagar, Pancharthal, Dasda and Jampui hill block in North Tripura offers good potential in the form of additional land available for fruits and vegetable cultivation.

Gournagar block in Unakoti offers additional land to be used under fruit (396 ha) and vegetable (59 ha) cultivation whearas, Kumarghat offers 339 ha of additional land for vegetable crops.

In Tripura 49.20 per cent soil is highly acidic. We can introduce and expand area for acidic soil friendly crop to enhance horticultural production in the state (Table 5.6). Some of the vegetables and fruits can

Table 5.6: List of horticulture crops which can grow in acidic soil

S. No. Fruit/ vegetable Soil pH Season/conditions1. Radish Between 4.5 to 5.5 Early spring

2. Pepper (bell and chilli) Between 5.5 and 6.5 Full sun an consistent rich moisture and well-draining soil

3. Potatoes Between 4.8 and 5.5 Early spring

4. Beans pH between 5.5 and 7.0 Warm season

5. Broccoli Between 5.5 and 7.0 Cool but sunny weather

6. Cabbage Between 5.5 and 7.0 Cool weather

7. Carrot pH between 5.5 and 7.0 Need light and well-draining soilIn heavy or rocky soil short varieties can grow

8. Cucumber pH between 5.5 and 7.0 Full sun light, can plant on hills area

9. Onion low as 5.5 Spring, consistent water and full sun

10. Tomato Between 5.5 and 7.0 Warm and sunny condition

11. Grapes Between 5.5 to 6.5 Full sun light and well-draining soil

12. Strawberry Between 5.5 to 6.5 Consistent moisture and reasonably cool temperatures

be introduced on rocky soils, list of some acidic soil friendly horticulture varieties have been given below

Plantations CropsPlantation crops are high-value crops of great economic importance and provide huge employment opportunities, especially to the women throughout the year. Suitable land and climatic conditions provide favourable environment for tea and coffee area under plantation crops in Tripura state has increased significantly from 6700 hectares in 2005-06 to 15810 hectares during 2013-14, more than double (Table 5.7).

Recommended Commercial Varieties Of Horticulture Crops in TripuraThe weather condition of Tripura encourages crop diversification and cultivation of different horticulture crops. The climate of Tripura is humid sub-tropical characterized by high rainfall. The annual rainfall in the

FINAL REPORT


Tabl

e 5.

7: A

rea

and

prod

ucti

on o

f pl

anta

tion

cro

ps in

Tri

pura

(Are

a in

‘000

Ha

; Pro

duct

ion

in ‘0

00 M

T ; P

rodu

ctiv

ity

in M

T/H

ecta

re.)

Stat

es/

UTs

2005

–200

620

06–2

007

2007

–200

820

08–2

009

2009

–201

020

10–2

011

2011

–201

220

12–2

013

2013

–20

14A

rea

Prod

.A

rea

Prod

.A

rea

Prod

.A

rea

Prod

.A

rea

Prod

.*A

rea

Prod

.*A

rea

Prod

.*Pr

od.

Are

aPr

od.

Are

aPr

od.

Trip

ura

6.7

11.7

6.7

11.7

9.2

14.7

9.2

14.7

10.2

16.4

10.2

16.4

15.7

41.3

2.6

15.2

733

.53

15.8

132

.2In

dia

3282

.911

262.

832

2112

083.

132

01.9

1133

0.1

3201

.911

330.

132

64.9

1192

8.4

3305

.912

007.

135

76.5

1635

8.7

4.6

3641

.14

1698

4.6

3674

.616

301.

22 state occurs between 2,000 to 3,000 mm and humidity between 42–100 per cent. On the basis of such type of climatic condition, different varieties of horticulture crops can be recommended and introduced in the state (Table 5.8).

Vegetables

Table 5.8 List of horticulture crop varieties grown in north-eastern states

Vegetable Varieties chilli Pusa Jwala, Pusa Sadabahar, Pant C-1

Potatoes Kufri Girdhari, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Himsona

Capsicum California Wonder, Pusa Deepti, Arka Mohini, Arka Gaurav, Arka Basant

Sweet potato Cross-4, V-35

Tapioca Co (Tp) 5, H - 97, H - 165, H – 226, H-1685, H2304, S-856,CI-731

Okra Pusa Sawani, Pusa A4, Perkins Long Green, Arka Anamika, Varsha Uphar,Hisar Unnat, Hisar Naveen, HBH-142

Peas Bonneville, Arkel, Pusa Pragati

Radish Pusa Chetki, Japanese White, Pusa Reshmi, Pusa Desi, Pusa Himani, Arka Nishant

French Beans Contender, Pusa Parvati, Arka Anoop

Broccoli Pusa Broccoli Kt-1

Cabbage Pusa Ageti, Pusa Drum Head, Golden Acre

Carrot Pusa Kesar, Pusa Yamdagni

Cucumber

Onion Pusa White Flat, Pusa White Round, Pusa Ratnar, Agrifound Dark Red, Agrifound

Tomato Pusa-120, Pusa Ruby Pusa Hybrid 2, Pusa Hybrid 4, Pusa Sheetal, Arka Abha, HS-101, HS-102, Hisar Lalit, Hisar Arun, Udaipur Local, Sikkim Local, CS174

Jackfruit Local Genotype

Cauliflower Pusa Snowball K-1, Pusa Snowball Kt-25, Pusa Himjyoti, Hisar-1

Brinjal Singnatah, Bolanath Arka Nidhi, Arka Keshav Pusa Purple Cluster, Kashi Sandesh, Kashi Komal, PH-4, BR-112, Hisar Shyamal, JC-1,JC-2, Pant Samrat

Parsley Moss Curled

Garlic Yamuna Safed (G-1), Yamuna Safed-5 (G-189)

Mushroom Oyster, Milky, and Peddy Straw

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79HORTICULTURE

Fruits Varieties Lemon Assam Lemon, Eureka

Mandarin orange Khasi Mandarin

Papaya Coorg Honey Dew, Pusa Nanha, Pink Flesh Sweet, Taiwan, Sunrise Solo, Coorg Honey Dew

Sweet orange Valencia, Mosambi

Lime Kagzi Lime

Passion fruit Yellow, Kaveri, Purple

Plum Santa Rosa, Au-Rosa, Frontier, Kanto-5, Kubio

Walnut Sulaiman, CITH Walnut – 1- 10, Partap

Chestnut Nankings, Meiling, Orrin, Crane, Jersey Gem, Kashmir Seedling Selection

Kiwi Abbot, Allison, Bruno, Hayward

pear Red Bartlett, Fertility, Pathernakh, Babugosha

Grapes Bangalore Blue, Pusa Navrang, Thompson Seedless

Peach Red June, July Elberta, Sun Heaven, Sun Red, J H Hale

Strawberry Sweet Charlie, Winter Down

Banana Poovan, Grand Naine, Dwarf Cavendish, Rasthall

Mango Amrapali

Black Pepper Peniyur-1-5, Subhakara, Sreekara,Panchami

Fruits

Plantation crops VarietiesArecanut Mangala, Sumangala,

Sreemangala, Mohitnagar, Swarnamangala, VTLAH-1, VTLAH-2

Cashewnut Vengurla-4, Vengurla-7, Ullal-3, Ullal-4

Coconut East Coast Tall

TeaIn Tripura the tea industry holds considerable scope for investment. The state has suitable agro-climatic conditions for the development of tea plantation. The soils are generally fertile, and have no major problems of toxicities or deficiencies. The average annual rainfall

is about 2100 mm, with a fairly even distribution over the year. The state is also categorized as a traditional tea-growing state. There is a considerable scope to increase the area under tea plantation as well as productivity. The tea industry in Tripura is known for its good blending qualities. Some plantations in the state are going for organic production of tea. Area under tea crop between 2000 and 2007 increased slightly from 6,623 to 8,962 ha (Table 5.9) Production increased from 6,431 to 7,856 MT. However, productivity has declined from 971 kg/ha to 877 kg/ha.

BambooBamboo is one of the most important non-wood forest resources in Tripura. In fact, Tripura is one of the highest CVP (climate, vegetation, precipitation) index zones (a measure of potential productivity) in the country. Tripura is endowed with rich and diverse bamboo resources. The most common uses of bamboo are housing and supply to paper mill in Assam. Only about 2 per cent of the extracted bamboo is utilized for value addition through handicrafts and other products.

Bamboo has been identified as a major thrust area by the State government for development. For the development of bamboo resources in Tripura and their optimum commercial utilization the state has formulated a State Bamboo Policy, and has also signed an MoU with International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) for effective implementation of the Bamboo policy of the state.

In Tripura, the main industry based on bamboo is cane and bamboo handicrafts. In order to organize/ develop this industry on modern lines steps have been taken. Apart from this, with the availability of huge bamboo resources in the state, industrial products like incense sticks, bamboo tiles, laminated products, ply, boards, corrugated sheets, etc., can be produced, which can be used as building materials, for furniture manufacture, etc. According to the studies bamboo is a very effective alternate for timber and is, in fact, better in many respects.

5.4 Constraints in Horticulture Sector

According to FGD analysis following are the major constraints being faced by horticultural crops in Tripura:

FINAL REPORT


Table 5.9: Area, production and Yield of Tea in TripuraArea under Tea in Tripura (Area in Hectares)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

6,623 7,200 7,591 8,268 8,268 8,710 8,710 8,962

Production of Tea in Tripura (Figures in Thousand kgs.)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

6,431 6,506 6,632 8,577 7,168 7,515 7,128 7,856

Average Yield of Tea in Tripura (Figures in Kg/Hectares)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

971 904 874 1,037 867 863 818 877Source: Tea Board, Guwahati

� <70 % of the horticulture in the state and Jhum cultivation is dependent on rain only.

� Farm inputs (like seeds and fertilizers) are provided by the agri-stores but the quantity is not sufficient as per requirements. So villagers have to spend a huge amount of income on fertilizers to buy from private market. Seeds bought from private stores are not of that superior quality. Seedlings and TPS from government agencies and research institutions have less extensive coverage.

� Lesser availability of quality seeds and planting material in time affects the plantation of horticulture crops in the state.

� Non-availability of sufficient labour especially at crucial stages.

� Lack of proper knowledge in farmers about modern production techniques, post-harvest handling and marketing practices makes the sector less profitable for the farmers.

� Farmers pay high transportation cost to sell their produce in local and less beneficial markets.

� Inefficient and less transparent marketing with monopoly of traders and multiple levels of intermediation devoid the farmers of better gains.

� Weaker post-harvest management, absence or negligible presence of modern marketing facilities like cold storages/chains, pre-cooling and waxing centres affects the shelf life of the fruits and vegetables.

� Wide fluctuation in prices. � Increased incidence of pests and diseases.

5.5 Strategies for Promotion of Horticulture in Tripura

Strategies identified in Tripura for growth of the horticulture are:

Enhancing and Innovations Fruits/Vegetables/Cultivation (Area in Case and Productivity Enhancing)Introduction of new horticultural crops, such as onion, garlic, tapioca, broccoli, caster, sweet potato pea, capsicum, parsley, betel vine, passion fruit, plum, walnut, kiwi. grapes, strawberry, and mushroom cultivation should be promoted as weather and soil conditions of the state are favourable for these crops. There is a need of area expansion for some crops which have the potential as export material and food processing. Tissue culture technique should be adopted for fast supply of seedling and maintenance of elite quality material for export, organic, and greenhouse production should be promote in the state. Demonstrations of these crops should be conducted in the identified areas of the state. Training of self-help groups for mushroom cultivation can help. Also easy credit should be processed. Village-level worker should be acting as information person. State has high area under paddy hence there is no shortage of growth medium for mushrooms. Following crops area can be extend and new crops can be promoted (Table 5.10)

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81HORTICULTURE

Table 5.10: Area extension of horticulture crops (Ha)

VegetablesArea (2014) in Hec.

(Winter + Sum-mer)*

Area extension per year (2014)*

(Winter + Summer)Area Expansion for 2015–20

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Chilli 1,300+371 300 + 200 500 500 500 500 500

Capsicum 123 110 100 100 100 100 100

Sweet potato - - 10 10 10 10 10

Topica - -

Pea (garden + Cowpea)

826+320 125 + 240 250 250 250 250 250

Radish 2,441+569 - - - - - -

French beans 519 110 100 100 100 100 100

Broccoli 42 - 10 10 10 10 10

Cabbage 2,719+315 465 + 165 500 500 500 500 500

Carrot 350.5 120 100 100 100 100 100

Cucumber 626 -

onion 395 -

Tomato 1,572+27 400 + 45 400 400 400 400 400

Cauliflower 2,310+250 465 + 150

Bringal 1,909+1616 255 250 250 250 250 250

Parsley - -

Water melon 869 415 400 400 400 400 400

Bhindi 1,680 0 + 365 350 350 350 350 350

Pointed gourd 448 0 + 180 200 200 200 200 200

Spine gourd 833 0 + 125 100 100 100 100 100

Summer radish - 0 + 95 100 100 100 100 100

Ridge gourd 1,108 -

Bitter gourd 791 -

Bittle gourd 616 -

Bottol gourd 1151 -

Betel vine 576 -

Amaranthes 1,507 -

* Report of the Joint Inspection Team on its visit to Tripura

FruitPresent

Area (in Ha)Area extension per year

(2014)Area Expansion for 2015-20

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Lemon 4,836 350 350 350 350 350 350

Mandarin orange 6,302 330 350 350 350 350 350

Papaya 3,413 650(HDP) 650 650 650 650 650

Sweet orange 1,101.5 225(HDP)+ 150 (Normal) 250 250 250 250 250

Passion fruit - - 10 10 10 10 10

Plum - - 10 10 10 10 10

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Spices

Walnut - - 10 10 10 10 10

Chestnut -- -

Kiwi - - 10 10 10 10 10

Ber 55 - 10 10 10 10 10

Grapes - -

Peach - - 10 10 10 10 10

Strawberry - - 10 10 10 10 10

Mango 10,559 535 (HDP)+230 (Normal) 500 500 500 500 500

Guevava 997 180 (HDP) 200 200 200 200 200

Litchi 3,888 200 (HDP) 200 200 200 200 200

Coconut 6,904 -

Cashewnut 5,368 -

Arecanut 6,443 -

Sapota 200.5 -

Minor fruit 1,672 -

SpicesTurmeric 1,907 130 150 150 150 150 150

Ginger 1,821 170 200 200 200 200 200

Garlic 10 10 10 10 10

Black pepper 379 65 75 75 75 75 75

Floriculture

Decoration is also a growing sector in the country and need promotion of good quality flower. Production of following flower varieties can promote in the state, such as rose, gladiolus, tuberose, marigold, anthenium, orchard, gerbera and chrysanthemum also.

Processing of Fruits and VegetablesIn the state, many horticulture crops have surplus production such as pineapple, jackfruit, orange, lemon, litchi, banana, ginger, turmeric, chilli, cabbage,

Table 5.11: Value addition to highly grown horticulture crops

Crop Processed products that may be derivedPineapple Juice, Tidbit Slice, Jam, Concentrates, IQF, Fibre Marmalade, Cocktail Syrup, Preserved Fresh, Wax Emulsion

Jackfruit Dehydrated, Chips, Pulp in Syrup, Osmo-Air Dried and Wax Emulsion.

Litchi Juice, Jam, Syrup, Concentrates, IQF, Fruit cocktail in Syrup

Banana Chips, Pulp, Concentrates, Banana Powder

Oranges Juice, Jam, Concentrate, Marmalade, Fruits Cocktail in Syrup, Preserved Freshs

Potato Chips, Papad, Bhujia

and cauliflower. Some of them have potential for development of food processing industries. The value addition to these crops could be helpful in development of economic sector and helpful for poor farmers (Table 5.11).

Sorting, Grading, and Packaging FacilitiesTripura has excellent scope in export promotion of horticulture produces. Some of horticulture crops have surplus quantities available and a few of them

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83HORTICULTURE

are also being exported to neighbouring countries like Bangladesh and Myanmar. Vegetables and fruits can be exported in a fresh or frozen state but for exporting purpose good quality products required. There is a need a developing centres with sorting, grading, and packing facility in the state for promoting export.

InfrastructureAn urgent need for establishing cold storage facilities for horticulture crops was felt during FGDs in order to increase the durability of the perishable commodities. There is also a requirement to establish fruit processing units for improving the economy by creating the value addition to the produce. There should be at least one cold storage in each agri sub division for storage.

Refrigerated vans should be introduced in the state for collection and transportation of the perishable food and vegetable crops as road connectivity is poor among different blocks of the state like Sabroom, Karbook, and Silachari.

TPS Promotion and Strengthen of TPS Production Centre, Nagichhera and MaicherraTripura is the leader in potato seed production technologies (TPS) and potato is the major horticultural crop in the state. For TPS improvement and production, two centres have been established in Nagichhera and Maicherra. It is possible and also profitable to bring maximum area under TPS in order to utilize the full potential of the state. It is targeted to bring at least 5,000 ha under TPS by the end of 2015–20. For achievement of such target there is a need to strengthen the centre and research activity at Nagichhera and Maicherra. Excess production of TPS can fulfil the requirement of the other state of country.

Involvement of Drip Irrigation, Fertigation and High Density Planting in Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Micro-irrigation not only saves water (up to 70 per cent) but also results in productivity gains (in the range of 20 per cent – 50 per cent), reduces the growth of weeds, controls soil erosion, less labour intensive, and save energy. It should be promoted in the state for fruit production. Fertigation is also being increasingly used for landscaping as dispenser units become more reliable and easier to use. Fertigation is used to add

additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies detected in plant tissue analysis. It is usually practised on high-value crops such as vegetables, turf, fruit trees, and ornamentals. This technology should be promoting at water and nutrient scare soil areas.

High density planting (HDP) is one of the methods to enhance productivity per unit area both in short duration and perennial horticultural crops. In perennial crops, it is more useful since it permits efficient use of land and resources, realizing higher yields, net economic returns per unit area, easy canopy management suited for farm mechanization and cultural operations, efficient spray and weed control, improvement in fruit quality and easy and efficient harvest of high quality produce, etc. There are several fruit crops where desired success has been achieved using HDP. These crops include apple, peach, plum, sweet cherry and pear among temperate fruits, and banana, pineapple and papaya among tropical fruits. In plantation crops, such as cashew, coconut, and arecanut, dense plantings can best be adopted using multi-crop species cropping systems. These systems can be useful in Tripura.

Hi-Tech Nurseries and Certification of Planting Material Promotion of private and public nurseries through incentive scheme and ensuring quality control through Nursery Registration should be done in the state. More nurseries are required in the state for maintaining of elite quality plant seedlings and saplings and increase the capacity of nurseries to meet the demands of the planting material.

Tissue CultureTissue culture has been effectively used for multiplying and storing economically important, endangered, threatened, and biologically incompletely understood plants and medicinal plants. The number of tissue culture lab need to increase under horticulture mission for banana, black pepper, strawberry, and ginger. The distribution centres to be made available at each block level.

Capacity Building Different activities need to be promoted in the state for knowledge and economic development of farmers. Introduction of a new technology for production

FINAL REPORT


improvement, such as (rejuvenation technique for orange and lemon, drip irrigation in the pineapple plantation, promotion of high value flower crops such as gerbera and chrysanthemum), awareness programme for pest and disease management and knowledge distribution for potential benefits of organic farming. Such activity needs investment for involvement of Self-Help Group (SHG), Panchayti Raj Institution (PRI), Village Level Workshop (VLW), Farmer exposure visit and Krishi Mela.

Polyhouse/ Greenhouse Cultivation for Off-Season Vegetable CultivationGreenhouse and polyhouse production can be implemented as a source of off-season vegetables in Tripura. Different varieties of cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, okra, capsicum, radish, lettuce, broccoli, and peas can be promoted in the state. In greenhouses such varieties can be produced into control condition and off-season varieties can be a good source of income for farmers. Use of low-cost plastic houses, poly-tunnels and shade nets are gaining popularity in different crops. These are now being used to produce off-season crop and quality cut flowers for export.

Research and Development Techniques for TPS production requirs more research and development for producing more TPS and fulfilling the demands of other states. Similarly, the use of micro budding for orange production, high density planting technique for mango, banana, pineapple, and papaya production, drip irrigation in fruit production, tissue culture techniques establishment for banana, black pepper, strawberry, ginger, and other cash crops and grafting technology is required.

Integrated Nutrient Management and Integrated Pest Management (IPM & INM)Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated pest management strategies can be beneficial for higher production. Use of chemical in the agriculture is a major concern for researchers and policymakers because uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is destroying the balance of the environment. Use of bio-inputs in the form of fertilizers and pesticide are eco-friendly sources of increase production of vegetables and fruits. Use of bio-fertilizers namely,

Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Microphos can give significantly higher yields in mushrooms. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been reported in almost all the vegetables worldwide. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria are very effective in onion, garlic and spice crops. Their use can reduce the chemical fertilizer up to 30 to 50 per cent. Dual inoculation (VAM + PSBs) has proved to be effective in banana and pineapple. Combined application of VAM + PSBs + Azotobacter + Azospirillum can tolerate disease in papaya, citrus, mango, and grape and improvement in fruit quality. Entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana) and nematode (Heterorhabditis) found effective against banana weevils under field conditions in mango. Similarly, Trichoderma, NPV, etc., are now commercially adopted by vegetable growers.

Improvization and Conservation of Traditional VarietiesStaggering technique for pineapple is very beneficial given the boost in the pineapple yield in Tripura. Using this technique the farmer can harvest the fruits according requirement. There a need to popularize such techniques in the state and development for other crops. Similarly, TPS technology for potato production improved the potato production and made the leader in TPS. Banana production through tissue culture is also in a growing phase in the state. Improvement of tissue culture banana production also recommended for the state.

Creation and Strengthening Horticulture DatabaseThere is a need to update the horticulture database regularly to provide current information regarding horticulture crops, their varieties and pest control to increase production.

Promotion of Agroforestry (This Scheme is also Suggested in Agriculture Section)Tripura has a very large land cover with forest approx. 6292 km2 and approx. 60 per cent of the total geographical area. Forest area of Tripura contains mid tropical hill and plain type agro-climatic zone. This land can be utilized as cultivable land so agroforestry can be a good enough saviour for enhancing income

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85HORTICULTURE

of the marginal farmers. Some suitable agroforestry models for state are:

� Bamboo + Jackfruit + Maize + Pineapple � Bamboo + Arecanut + Dalbergia + Maize +

Black Pepper � Bamboo + Mango+ Maize+ Pineapple � Orange with crops Intercrops viz. beans/chillies/

ginger /turmeric � Arecanut with betel vine � Arecanut with pineapple � Arecanut with pineapple and betel vine � Arecanut with black pepper � Arecanut with pineapple and black pepper � Banana with pineapple � Erythrina indica (Indian coral tree) with coffee and

black pepper � Coconut, arecanut, jackfruit and banana etc.

around fishponds near homesteads

Promotion of Self-Help Group State has a good production of bamboo, hence financing SHGs to produce bamboo article needs to be promoted. Marketing places should be provided at state place for bamboo handicraft articles.

5.6 RKVY Schemes ProposedOn the basis of strategies new schemes are suggested below:

1. Promotion of cultivation of new fruits, vegetable and plantation crops

2. Area expansion under True Potato Seeds (TPS)3. Strengthen of research and development centre,

Nagichera and Maicherra for TPS production (Assistance to TPS Centre)

4. Replacement of senile plantation of Jampui orange5. Promotion of Agroforestry (also suggested in

Agriculture section)6. Promotion of tissue culture for banana7. Development of horticulture under protected

cultivation8. Promotion of greenhouse and poly house cultivation

for off-seasonal varieties9. Production of planting materials (Establishment

of hi-tech nurseries and certification of planting material)

10. Area expansion under pineapple

11. Fruits and vegetable seed production12. Promotion of mushroom cultivation13. Provision of refrigerated vans for transportation of

fruits and vegetables14. Horticulture database 15. Establishment of cold storage for fruits and

vegetables (Given in infrastructure section)16. Establishment of fruits and vegetable processing

units (Given in infrastructure section)

Promotion of Cultivation of New Fruits and Vegetable Crops Tripura conventionally has very large area of potato, banana, jackfruit, and pineapple. These crops are cultivated across districts. Tripura has got a climate which is suitable for cultivation of many crops including different fruits and vegetables. It has ample rainfall in monsoon and soils supporting different types of cultivation. New varieties of vegetable and fruits crop can be introduced to have more diversity in the cultivation pattern thus negating weather and market risks related to different available crops. New crops, such as onion, garlic, betel vine, tapioca, broccoli, caster, sweet potato, pea, capsicum, parsley, passion fruit, plum, kiwi, grapes and strawberry (Varieties are in Table 5.8) can be incorporated in the state. Nagichera research center, Hi-tech nursery and Krishi Seva Kendra can act as resource and information centre for new fruit vegetable and plantation crops.

Financial outlay for funds in the state is made with provision of Rs 75 lakh for the plan. Around Rs 15 lakh is allotted for a year with highest allocation of Rs 15 lakh to Dhalai where second highest allotment is for West Tripura and South Tripura with a provision of Rs 11.25 lakhs. (Table 5.12).

Area Expansion under True Potato Seeds (TPS)Potato is the major vegetable crop of the state with 8,721 Ha land coverage, however, production has decreased mainly due to water scarcity during the winter season and pest and disease pressure. Salema, Bishalghar, Matabari, and Bagfa are the major potato growing areas in Tripura. Tripura has taken a lead role in True Potato Seed (TPS) production. The area under potato can be increased through use of TPS seedling tuber (tuberlet) along with application of appropriate use of fertilizer and improved packages of practice.

FINAL REPORT


As Tripura is a leader in potato seed production technologies (TPS), and potato is the major horticultural crop in the state, it is possible and also profitable to bring maximum area under TPS in order to utilize the full potential of the state. It is targeted to bring at least 5,000 ha under TPS by the end of 2015–20. Approved project cost for this project is Rs 3.420 crores (Table 5.13 and Table 5.14).

Table 5.12: Physical and financial outlay of funds for new vegetables and fruits in Tripura Area (‘00 hactares) Financial allocation lakhs

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 20 20 20 20 20 3 3 3 3 3 15West 15 15 15 15 15 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 11.25Sepahijala 10 10 10 10 10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 7.5Khowai 10 10 10 10 10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 7.5Gomati 12 12 12 12 12 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 9South 15 15 15 15 15 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 11.25North 10 10 10 10 10 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 7.5Unakoti 8 8 8 8 8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 6Tripura 100 100 100 100 100 15 15 15 15 15 75

Strengthing of Research and Development Centre for TPS Production at Nagichhera and MaicherraTripura is a the leader in potato seed production technologies (TPS), and potato is the major horticulture crop of the state. For TPS improvement there is two centre established in Nagichhera and Maicherra for TPS production. It is possible and also profitable to

Table 5.13: Area expansion under true potato seeds and production

Potato programme (Potato cultivation and TPS 1000 ha/year)Area under TPS Production

2015–06 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–06 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20Dhalai 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 2550.0 2550.0 2550.0 2550.0 2550.0Gomati 147.2 147.2 147.2 147.2 147.2 2207.5 2207.5 2207.5 2207.5 2207.5Khowai 68.2 68.2 68.2 68.2 68.2 1023.1 1023.1 1023.1 1023.1 1023.1North 117.5 117.5 117.5 117.5 117.5 1761.9 1761.9 1761.9 1761.9 1761.9Sepahijala 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 1388.1 1388.1 1388.1 1388.1 1388.1South 262.8 262.8 262.8 262.8 262.8 3942.5 3942.5 3942.5 3942.5 3942.5Unkoti 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 1524.6 1524.6 1524.6 1524.6 1524.6West 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1 602.2 602.2 602.2 602.2 602.2

Total 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 15,000.0 15,000.0 15,000.0 15,000.0 15,000.0

Table 5.14: Financial Outlay for area expansionFinancial Outlay

Districts 2015–06 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 11.63 58.14Gomati 10.07 10.07 10.07 10.07 10.07 50.33Khowai 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 23.33North 8.03 8.03 8.03 8.03 8.03 40.17Sepahijala 6.33 6.33 6.33 6.33 6.33 31.65South 17.98 17.98 17.98 17.98 17.98 89.89Unkoti 6.95 6.95 6.95 6.95 6.95 34.76West 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 13.73Total 68.40 68.40 68.40 68.40 68.40 342.00

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87HORTICULTURE

bring maximum area under TPS in order to utilize the full potential of the state. The production has decreased due to water scarcity during winter season and pest and disease pressure. There is need to improve It is targeted to bring at least 5000 ha under TPS by the end of 2015-2020. For achievement of such target there is needed to strengthen the centres and research activity at Nagichhera and Maicherra. Approved project cost for strenghening of research and development centres is Rs 5 crore (Table 5.15).

Replacement of Senile Plantation of Jampui OrangeJampui orange is facing productivity problem due to old plantations. There is need to replace the old plantation with new one by providing quality planting material. These materials can be maintained by using biotechnological technique such plant tissue culture, micro budding techniques and development of new varieties by hybrid technology and genetic engineering. The farmers have old orchard and there is a need to upgrade and maintain high quality material. Assistance will be provided for packaging practices like pruning and training, cleaning of orchard, replacement of old disease/pest-infested threes with new saplings, gap filling, input supply of INM, IPM, and proper water management.

Around 500 hectare of land is selected for replacement senile plantation of Jampui Orange in North Tripura district. Fund allotment of Rs 25 lakh has been made for the year 2015-16 with Rs 5,000 per hactare (Table 5.16).

Promotion of Agroforestry (This scheme is also suggested in Agriculture section)As the state has good forest cover (approx. 60% of total geographical area) which leads to less availability of cultivable land, so agroforestry can be good enough saviour for enhancing income of the marginal farmers. Forest area of Tripura has mid tropical hill and plain type agro-climatic zone. Some suitable agroforestry models for state are:

a. Bamboo+ Jackfruit+ Maize+ Pineapple,

Table 5.15: Financial allocation for strengthing of research and development centre at Nagichhera and Maicherra

Year 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Financial Target (in Lakh)Financial Target 100 100 100 100 100 500

b. Bamboo+ Arecanut+ Dalbergia+ Maize+ Black Pepper,

c. Bamboo+ Mango+ Maize+ Pineapple

d. Orange with crops Intercrops viz. beans/chillies/ginger /turmeric

e. Arecanut with betel vine

f. Arecanut with pineapple

g. Arecanut with pineapple and betel vine

h. Arecanut with black pepper

i. Arecanut with pineapple and black pepper

j. Banana with pineapple

k. Erythrina indica (Indian coral tree) with coffee and black pepper

L. Coconut, arecanut, jackfruit and banana, etc., around fishponds near homesteads

Financial outlay for agroforestry is made with provision of Rs 40 lakh each year. Total allocation of funds planned is Rs 200 lakh for the plan. Around Rs 5 lakh are planned for each district for each year under agro-forestry (Table 5.17).

Promotion of Tissue Culture Banana

Plan has been made for raising tissue culture lab under horticulture mission for banana. The distribution centres to be made available at each block level. Total area under banana in Tripura is 7,486 ha with total production of 105,615 MT averaging productivity 14.11 MT/ha. Various cultivars of banana are grown in Tripura, e.g., Sabri, Champa, Dwarf Cavendish,

Table 5.16: Replacement senile plantation of Jampui orange in North Tripura district

Years North Tripura Unit

2015–16 500 Ha

2015–16 25 Lakh

Total 25 Lakh

FINAL REPORT


Tissue Culture of Grand Naine, etc. Among the various varieties Sabri (AAB) is considered the strength of Tripura as it fetches high prices round the year an average being ̀ 6-7 per finger. Banana plantations suffer from many serious diseases, such as Fusarium wilt or panama disease, Cercospora leaf spot or Sigatoka, bacterial wilt or Moko disease, burrowing nematode infestation, Bunchy top (nana virus), anthracnose, and various other post- harvest fruit rots. It is reported that Sabri is highly susceptible of Fusarium wilt or Panama disease. Panama disease and vascular wilt, also known as Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), is one of the most notorious of all plant disease. Disease infestation in the crop highlights need for tissue culture. The number of tissue culture lab need to increase under

Table 5.17: Physical and financial outlay for Agro-forestry Physical target

Financial outlay

Districts 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

Dhalai 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

west 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Sepahijala 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

khowai 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

gomati 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

south 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

north 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

Unakoti 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 25

TRIPURA 80 80 80 80 80 40 40 40 40 40 200

horticulture mission for banana. Financial outlay of tissue culture is made with allocation of Rs 20 lakh every year with total fund allocation in the plan of Rs 100 lakh. Largest fund allocation is made to Sepahijala district and second highest allocation is for Khowai and West Tripura (Table 5.18).

Development of Horticulture Under Protected CultivationHorticultural crops grown in the region are mainly vegetable crops and fruit crops. There is marginal and little cultivation of ornamental flowers and ornamental foliage. Specific drive can be carried out to educate people about ornamental flower and foliage cultivation under protected cultivation. State has second largest city of north east region (i.e., Agartala). This is a significant

Table 5.18: Banana tissue culture physical and financial outlay

Banana tissue culture area (‘000 Ha) Financial outlay

District 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

Dhalai 26.31 26.31 26.31 26.31 26.31 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 13.15

West 30.27 30.27 30.27 30.27 30.27 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 15.14

Sepahijala 40.36 40.36 40.36 40.36 40.36 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 20.18

Khowai 30.27 30.27 30.27 30.27 30.27 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 15.14

Gomati 18.47 18.47 18.47 18.47 18.47 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 9.24

South 20.01 20.01 20.01 20.01 20.01 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.01

North 19.21 19.21 19.21 19.21 19.21 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 9.61

Unakoti 15.09 15.09 15.09 15.09 15.09 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 7.55

Tripura 200 200 200 200 200 20 20 20 20 20 100

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89HORTICULTURE

market for the same. We can recommend 32,000 sq.m shed net house in five years.

Table 5.19: Physical and financial allocation for development of horticulture under protected

cultivationPhysical target (sq.m) Financial target (in Lakh)

32,000 113.6

Promotion of Greenhouse and Polyhouse Cultivation for Off-season Crop Greenhouse and polyhouse production can be implemented as source of off-season vegetables in Tripura. Different varieties of cabbage, cauliflower, okra, capsicum, radish, lettuce, broccoli, parsley, and peas can be promoted in the state. In greenhouses, such varieties can be produced into control condition and off season varieties can be a good source of income for farmers. Use of low cost plastic houses, poly-tunnels, and shade nets gaining popularity in different crops. These are now being used to produce off season crop and quality cut flowers for export.as well Greenhouses require regular supply of electricity and water. Specific soil and internal environment conditions are maintained. This can be promoted for high value crops. There is necessary to promote greenhouse and polyhouse cultivation in each district. (Table 5.20)

Establishment of Hi-Tech NurseriesPromotion of private and public nurseries through incentive scheme and ensuring quality control through Nursery Registration should be done in the state. In the state more nurseries are required for maintenance of elite quality plant seedling and saplings and increase the capacity of nurseries to meet the demands of planting material. Financial outlay given in the table 5.21 for establishment of Hi Tech nurseries in each district

Table 5.20: Greenhouse Number and financial outlay

No. Financial Outlay (Lakh)

Green/polyhouse (<4,000 sq.m)

8 224

Area expansion under pineapplePineapple has a 20 per cent share of fruit crops in the cultivation in state and ‘Queen’ and ‘Kew’ varieties of pineapple. Pineapple production has increased significantly over the years this is because are under pineapple cultivation has increased significantly from 3,889 ha in 1995-96 to 6,184. With regard to pineapple processing, food processing has been identified as a major thrust area in Tripura by the State government and has been provided with state incentive package. A modern food processing Technology Park is being set up near Agartala, to give a boost to this sector. Also, an agri export zone for pineapple has been developed. The setting up of food processing unit holds a vast potential in Tripura. NERAMAC (a Government of India undertaking), had set up a Fruit Juice Concentration Plant at Nalkata in 1988 which is located at a distance of 135 Km from Agartala. The installed capacity of the plant is to process 2 T/hr of fresh pineapple to produce only pineapple juice concentrate. Besides, producing Pineapple Juice Concentrate in the plant there was no other infrastructure created for processing and value addition. From the very inception the plant was running at a loss as it was a single line plant. Consequently, NERAMAC started producing juice concentrate in cold chain and supply is affected to outstation in refer vans with very low economic viability. Moreover, the concentrate is produced during the pineapple season that lasts only for a maximum of 3–4 months.

Yearly allocation of Rs 172 lakhs is made per year with total plan allotment of Rs 860 lakh (Table 5.22).

Fruits and Vegetable Seed ProductionCurrently fruits and vegetables grown in the region used seeds from the agro-stores of the state. This system has been working with limited efficiency. There is limited availability of private seed and pesticide dealers. There is a large market for cultivation of different fruit and vegetable crops. Different fruit and vegetable seeds required for the cultivation. Seed is a very critical factor of input in the phase of crop production as many pests and diseases can be dealt with if there is the right type of seed input. High seed production programme should be worked out to meet requirement of quantity and quality by cultivators. Financial recommendation is given below in Table 5.23.

Table 5.21: Establishment of Hi-Tech nurseries

No Financial Outlay (Lakh)

Hi-tech Nursery (Rs.25 lakh/unit)

8 200

FINAL REPORT


Table 5.22: Physical and financial outlay for pineapple in the state

Physical target Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17

2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 39 39 39 39 39 33.32 33.32 33.32 33.32 33.32 166.58

Gomati 23 23 23 23 23 19.93 19.93 19.93 19.93 19.93 99.66

Khowai 14 14 14 14 14 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.70 58.49

North 38 38 38 38 38 32.57 32.57 32.57 32.57 32.57 162.87

Sepahijala 18 18 18 18 18 15.60 15.60 15.60 15.60 15.60 77.98

South 25 25 25 25 25 21.59 21.59 21.59 21.59 21.59 107.96

Unakoti 30 30 30 30 30 25.59 25.59 25.59 25.59 25.59 127.97

West 14 14 14 14 14 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.70 58.49

Tripura 200 200 200 200 200 172 172 172 172 172 860

Promotion of Mushroom CultivationIntroduction of new horticultural crops like should be promoted as weather and soil conditions of the state are favourable. Demonstrations of this crop should be conducted in the identified areas of the state. Training of self-help groups for mushroom cultivation can help. Also easy credit should be processed. Village level worker should be acting as information source person. Spores should be available at state agriculture office. State has high area under paddy hence there is no shortage of growth medium for mushrooms.

Fund allocation is made of Rs 40,000 per year with total financial allocation of Rs 2 lakhs for planning. Rs 5000/year recommended for each district (Table 5.24).

Table 5.23: Physical and financial outlay for horticultural seeds

Physical Target Financial Target

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 17 17 17 17 17 0.595 0.595 0.595 0.595 0.595 2.975

Gomati 15 15 15 15 15 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 2.625

Khowai 7 7 7 7 7 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.245 1.225

North 12 12 12 12 12 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 2.1

Sepaijala 9 9 9 9 9 0.315 0.315 0.315 0.315 0.315 1.575

South 26 26 26 26 26 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 4.55

Unkoti 10 10 10 10 10 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 1.75

West 4 4 4 4 4 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.7

Total 100 100 100 100 100 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 17.5

Provision of Refrigerated Vans for Transportation of Fruits and Vegetables

Refrigerated vans and rubber transportation vans should be introduced in the state for collection and transportation of the perishable food and vegetable crops as road connectivity is poor in the farther blocks of the state like Sabroom, Karbook and Silachari. State has good production of different fruit and vegetable crops. Shelf life of many horticultural products is very low therefore success of horticulture based activities is directly dependent on good transportation. Two refrigerated vans of Rs 60 lakhs each are planned for a district. Allocation of Rs 360 lakhs is made for the plan (Table 5.25).

FINAL REPORT

91HORTICULTURE

Table 5.25: Allocation of funds for refrigerated vans

Refrigerated Van Fund allocation

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1 60 0 0 60

West 1 60 0 0 60

Sepahijala 1 0 60 0 60

Khowai 1 0 60 0 60

Gomati 1 0 0 60 0 60

South 1 0 0 60 0 60

North 1 0 0 60 60

Unakoti 1 0 0 60 60

Tripura 2 2 2 2 120 120 120 120 480

Table 5.24: Promotion of mushroom cultivationPhysical target (hectares) Financial outlay (in Lakhs)

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

West 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

Sepahijala 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

Khowai 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

Gomati 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

South 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

North 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

Unakoti 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25

Tripura 8 8 8 8 8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2

Development of Horticulture databaseThere is need to update of horticulture database regularly to provide current information regarding horticulture crops, their verities and pest control to increase production. Around Rs 25 lakh has been proposed for development of database (Table 5.26)

Table 5.26: Financial allocation for development of horticulture database

No. Financial outlay (lakh)

Development of Horticulture database

1 25

5.7 Budget Requirement for Horticulture for the Plan Period 2015–20

Budget requirement for the plan period 2015–20 for horticulture sector is Rs 758.44 Crores.

District-wise and year-wise allocations are provided in Table 5.27.

5.8 Budget for RKVY projects for the plan period 2015–20

For development of horticulture in the state of Tripura, a total of thirteen new schemes are proposed under RKVY Schemes (Table 5.29) with a financial requirement of Rs 2964.1 crores (Table 5.28).

FINAL REPORT


Table 5.27: Financial allocation (in crore) of various districts under Horticulture sector

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 19.82 22.80 25.79 28.77 31.75 128.93

Gomati 17.16 19.74 22.32 24.91 27.49 111.61

Khowai 7.95 9.15 10.35 11.54 12.74 51.73

North 13.70 15.76 17.82 19.88 21.94 89.09

Sipahijala 10.79 12.41 14.04 15.66 17.28 70.18

South 30.64 35.26 39.87 44.48 49.09 199.34

Unakoti 11.85 13.63 15.42 17.20 18.98 77.09

West 4.68 5.39 6.09 6.79 7.50 30.45

Tripura 116.59 134.14 151.69 169.23 186.78 758.44

Table 5.28: Total Financial allocation of 2964.1 crore are recommended for horticulture sector under RKVY schemes.

Estimated outlay (Rs. Lakh)

Sector 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

Horticulture 637.9 524.3 923.3 499.3 379.3 2964.1

Table 5.29: Summary of RKVY schemes

HorticulturePhysical target

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1 Improvization of Pineapple cultivation (area in Ha)

1,000 172 172 172 172 172 860

2 Fruits and Vegetable seed production units (area in ha)

500 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 17.5

3 Green/poly house (No.) 232 224 224

4 Refrigerated Van (horticulture) (No.) 8 120 120 120 120 480

5 Hi-tech Nurseries (No.) 8 200 200

6 Banana TC Area (Area in Ha) 1,000 20 20 20 20 20 100

7 Mushroom programme (Area in Ha) 40 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2

8 Promotion of new vegetable crops (area in Ha)

500 15 15 15 15 15 75

9 Replacement senile plantation of Jampui orange (Area in Ha)

500 25 25

10 Potato programme (Area in Ha) 5,000 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 342

11 Horticulture database block amount 1 25 25

12 Development of horticulture under protected cultivation (Sq Meter)

32,000 113.6 113.6

13 Strengthen of research and development centre for TPS production, Nagichhera and Mai chera (No)

2 100 100 100 100 100 500

Irrigation

CHAPTER 6

Irrigation is an important input for enhancing production and productivity in the Agriculture sector. In Tripura, current land under cultivation is 255,241 hectares, which only 117,000 hectares is irrigable. Different of schemes have been accelerated as lift irrigation (LI), diversion, high-power LI, medium Irrigation, and minor irrigation. To increase irrigation capacity of the state, we need to understand water availability and present status of water management.

6.1 Water Resources in TripuraInland Water Resources Tripura is categorized into high rainfall zone with the incidence of very high concentration of rainfall (up to 450 mm per day) in the monsoon season. Tripura has a total area 7,878.76 hectares under water bodies. Gomati district has highest share with 37 per cent closely followed by Dhalai with 30 per cent of total state’s water resources (Figure 6.1 and Table 6.1). The remaining districts have a small proportion of area under water resource that includes South with 3per cent, North with 4 per cent, Unakoti with 3 per cent and Sepahijala with 3 per cent. Rivers, canals and reservoirs are the major source of water in Tripura (Figure 6.2). There are seven rivers flowing through the state viz., Gomati, Manu, Haora, Burima, Khowai, Dhalai, and Juri (Tables 6.2). Groundwater resources have remained constant over the years with availability of total 2.19 BCM per year (Table 6.3 and 6.4). Sourcewise water spread area (WSA) in various districts of Tripura is given in Table 6.5.

RainfallIn Tripura, rainy season starts in April and ends in October. The rainfall pattern has not been constant during the last five years (2010-14). The data of total rainfall is given in the Tables 6.6 and 6.7. Such type of rainfall pattern is demanding increment in watershed development area in Tripura, requiring additional fund in the state where 75 per cent area depends on rain-fed irrigation.

Figure 6.1: District-Wise Distribution of Water Bodies in Tripura Source: Fishery Department)

Figure 6.2: Area under water bodies by Sources in Tripura

FINAL REPORT

TRIPURA COMPREHENSIVE STATE AGRICULTURAL PLAN (C-SAP) 2015-2020 94

Watersheds Programme in TripuraMost of irrigable land in Tripura is under rain-fed farming. A watershed is an area of land where all the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place. The objectives of the watershed development are:

A. Developing wasteland/degraded lands, drought prone area, desert area on watershed basis, keeping in view the capability of land, site conditions and local needs

B. Promoting overall economic development and improving the socio-economic conditions of the poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the programme areas

Table 6.1: Area under water bodies across districts in Tripura (2012–13)

S.No. Name of District Area ((in hectares)

1 North 337

2 Unakoti 254

3 Dhalai 2,336

4 Khowai 614

5 West 917

6 Sepahijala 251

7 Gomti 2,948

8 South 222

9 Tripura 7,879

Table 6.2: Basic information of major and medium rivers in Tripura

Name of River

Important TributariesCatchment Area (sq. Km)

Average Annul Runoff (million m3)

Total Length of the River (Km)

Name of Discharge Collection Sites

Gumti Sarma chhera, Malik chhera, Maharani chhera, San gang, Ganga chhera

2,492 at Sonamura

2,748 at Sonamura

167 Sonamura, Udaipur

Manu Dep R, Chamanu chhera, Chailengtha chhera, Kanan chhera, Lakhmi chhera, Madhal chhera

2,278 at Kailashar 2,273 at Kailashar

140 Kailashar, Kumarghat

Haora Donaigaon, Ghoramora, Debtagang, Champanadi, Debatila chhera

488 at Bordwali 200 at Bardwali 53 Bardwali

Burima Rangpani chhera 414 at Bishalgarh 98 at Bishalgarh 54 Bishalgarh

Khowai Balu chhera, Jeel chhera, Chamal chhera, Ahiadia chhera, Bhaskar chhera, Maharani chhera, Trirupa chhera, Samru chhera, Lal chhera

1,328 at Khowai 862 at Khowai 166 Khowai

Dhalai Bahuri chhera, Chandrai chhera, Sofema chhera, Tamthung chhera, Surma chhera, Kulai chhera, Dalu chhera, Nali chhera

630 at Kamalpur 540 at Kamalpur 117 Kamalpur

Juri Deo chhera, Kakri chhera, Lal chhera, Bali chhera, Hakai N, Lchailal chhera

482 at Radhapur 155 at Radhapur 79 Radhapur

Table 6.3: Total area under water bodies in Tripura

Rivers and Canals (Kms)

ReservoirsTanks and Ponds (lakh hactares)

Flood plain Lakes and Derelict Water bodies (lakh hactares)

Brackish Water (lakh hactares)

Total Water Bodies (lakh hactares)

Tripura 1,200 0.05 0.13 - - 0.18

India 195,210 29.07 24.14 7.98 12.4 73.59

Source: Annual Report 2010–11, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (data does not match Fisheries Department data)

FINAL REPORT

95IRRIGATION

Table 6.4 : Annual replenish able ground water resource (BCM/Year)

2008 2010 2011

Tripura 2.19 2.19 2.19

India 433.03 433.02 433.02

Table 6.5 : Sources wise WSA in the Districts of Tripura

S.No.Name of District

Gram Panchayat TanksLess than 40 hectares

Department TanksMore than 40 hectares

Reservoir River

NoWSA (hectares)

NoWSA (hectares)

No.WSA (hectares)

No Km

1 North 22,588 2,866.8 0 0 0 0 1 79

2 Unakoti 14,869 1,910.82 0 0 0 0 1 140

3 Dhalai 23,385 3,767.04 0 0 Half 1,524.67 2 125.85

4 Khowai 21,753 2,787.13 0 0 0 0 1 166

5 West 21,707 2,446.42 0 0 0 0 1 35.9

6 Sepahijala 25,699 3,376.38 0 0 0 0 1 50

7 Gomti 25,720 4,490.93 0 0 Half 1,524.67 1 163.4

8 South 29,779 3,058.52 0 0 0 0 2 142.8

Grand Total 185,500 24,704.04 0 0 1 3,049.34 10 902.95

Table 6.6. Rainfall data of Tripura (2010–14)

Stations

January February March April May June

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Unakoti 0 0 8.3 2 39.9 4 99.4 8 383.7 19 323.5 17

North 0 0 13.2 2.5 45.9 2.5 84.9 7.5 504.5 18 378.2 19.5

Dhalai 0 0 3.6 0.7 4.9 0.7 69.7 4 355.7 12.7 412.5 11.3

Khowai 0 0 8.9 1 25.7 1.5 128.3 7 333.3 15 419.1 14

Sepahijala 0 0 6.8 1 6.4 1 18.1 2.5 219.4 10.5 514.2 17.5

West 0 0 8.4 1.5 14.6 1.5 82.6 6.5 292.3 9.5 393.3 15.5

Gomati 0 0 5.4 1 2.3 0.5 29.9 1.5 326.5 10 535.2 17.5

South 0 0 7.5 0.7 3.3 0.7 22.9 1.7 319.1 9.3 586.6 18

Tripura 0 0 7.8 1.3 17.9 1.5 67 4.8 341.8 13 445.3 16.3

Stations

July August September October November December Total

Actual Rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Actual rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Actual rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of rainy Days

Unakoti 318.3 20 226.2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,399.3 82North 580.3 20.5 212.2 15.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,819 86Dhalai 191.1 11.3 339.5 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,377 53.7Khowai 198.8 15.5 374.1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,488.2 67Sepahijala 193.2 13.5 336.9 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,295 64West 143.7 11.5 337.1 12.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,271.9 58.5Gomati 166.2 13.5 321.5 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,386.9 58South 250.6 14 558.3 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,748.4 64.3Tripura 255.3 15 338.2 14.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,473.2 66.7

FINAL REPORT


Table 6.7 Rainfall in Tripura

January February March April May June

YearActual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

2014 0 0 7.75 1.29 17.87 1.54 66.97 4.83 341.81 13 445.31 16.29

2013 0 0 3.45 0.47 6.38 0.87 85.2 4.6 637.2 19 256.1 11.5

2012 13.98 1.06 9.46 0.94 14.76 1.24 270.16 11.53 178.86 9.82 493.41 17.23

2011 2.51 0.24 3.1 0.35 66.89 2.94 56.65 4.65 384.05 15.94 392.37 16.88

2010 0 0 14.49 0.76 73.29 3 168.88 7.76 448.06 13.06 438.5 16.76

July August September October November December Total

YearActual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

Actual Rainfall

No. of Rainy Days

2014 255.27 14.98 338.22 14.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,473.21 66.69

2013 232.1 13.8 325.2 17.4 262 11.9 144.2 8.4 0 0 0 0 1,951.83 87.94

2012 243.08 13.52 301.69 15.73 165.57 11.91 159.22 6.13 31.14 2.17 0 0 1,881.33 91.25

2011 242.87 14.06 395.21 17.94 221.74 11 55.54 2.71 0 0 0 0 1,820.92 86.71

2010 233.98 14.35 278.35 14 237.94 14.47 268.88 6.59 1.97 0.18 17.52 0.88 2,181.86 91.82

C. Mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climatic conditions such as drought and desertification on crops, humans, and livestock population for their overall improvement

D. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving, and developing natural resources

E. Employment generation and development of human and other economic resources of the village

Most of the cultivatable area in the state is under rain-fed farming, thereby leading to poor productivity and unrealization of full land potential. In order to give boost to agriculture and its allied sectors (such as horticulture, fisheries, husbandry, etc.), water resources need to be conserved and strengthened. The soil and water management through watershed approach requires integrated efforts of the various departments. A state level nodal agency under the Department of Agriculture has been constituted for creation of percolation tanks and other such structures for recharging groundwater and implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). The achievements of different schemes are given in the Table 6.8. Target achieved in Tripura during last 5 years plan is 68 per cent.

The most important feature of watershed development project is initiation of vegetative regeneration in rain-fed areas. Increase of fishery and fodder production for better management of livestock.

6.2 Irrigation Scenario Irrigation sources play an important role in the development of agriculture sector. To meet the growing demand of the increased population in the state, the need for improvement in irrigation has become obvious. Irrigation sector accordingly got priority in development during Ninth plan onwards.

Water resources in Tripura are abundant. But the share of area under irrigation has remained one of the lowest in the country. Of the total cropped area of 266,142 hectares, only 66,456 hectares covered under irrigation, which is only 24.79 per cent (Table 6.9). This varies across the districts with Dhalai having the lowest area under irrigation with only 7.73 per cent and Sepahijala having highest land under irrigation with 39.78 per cent.

There is no major irrigation project in Tripura. The Gomati, Khowai, Kalshi, and Manu are the four medium irrigation projects in the state. The irrigation

FINAL REPORT

97IRRIGATION

Table 6.8 District-wise and component-wise physical and financial achievement of IWMP up to 2014–15 since inception (Financial (Rs. in lakhs)

Physical

District Epa PlantationFarm Pond (New)

Farm pond (old)

Livelihood Microenterprise Others

(No) (Hectares) (No) (No) (No) (No) (No)

Sepahijala 88 112.48 178 64 256 783 222

South Tripura 202.9 603.39 399 151 315 999 347

Khowai 38 180.8 308 87 513 1,110.5 148

Dhalai 30 107.64 60 7 65 102 0

Unokoti 72 141.95 341.3 14 228 340 107

Gomati 56 268.27 158 50 1,305 577.77 277

North Tripura 103 377.38 493 169 410 1,762 649

West Tripura 302 2,285.074 267 109 444 1,659 24

Tripura Total 891.937 4,077.001 2,204.3 651 3,536 7,333.27 1,774

Financial

District Epa PlantationFarm Pond (New)

Farm Pond (Old)

Livelihood Microenterprise Others Total

Sepahijala 100.12 66.20 290.11 41.10 82.16 91.75 21.90 693.29

South Tripura 100.49 218.00 289.30 53.70 88.05 111.36 244.09 1,105.06

Khowai 64.89 111.00 340.97 38.49 114.71 117.96 120.34 908.15

Dhalai 34.08 56.00 78.88 6.19 18.37 18.17 0.00 211.67

Unokoti 103.47 62.80 230.57 1.50 63.06 58.56 64.39 584.34

Gomati 94.29 109.00 125.79 28.55 62.56 67.13 21.98 509.12

North Tripura 114.56 163.00 412.87 61.24 113.06 139.00 175.47 1,179.42

West Tripura 95.86 172.00 375.15 75.98 133.61 152.29 16.37 1,021.28

Tripura Total 707.76 958.00 2,143.64 306.80 675.58 756.22 664.53 6,212.32

Table 6.9: District-wise irrigated land in Tripura (2010–11)

DistrictGross Cropped Area (hectares)

Irrigated percentage Un irrigated percentage Total

West Tripura 8,366 26.50 23,207 73.51 31,571

Sepahijala 18,814 39.78 28,475 60.21 47,290

Khowai 7,969 33.25 15,997 66.74 23,968

Gomati 7,578 22.36 26,319 77.65 33,896

South Tripura 15,033 27.20 40,242 72.80 55,276

Dhalai 3,022 7.73 36,080 92.27 39,103

North Tripura 2,176 12.11 15,795 87.89 17,971

Unakopti 3498, 20.50 13,570 79.51 17,067

Tripura 66,456 24.97 199,685 75.03 266,142

Source: Agriculture Census 2010–11

FINAL REPORT


programmes of the state is being jointly implemented by the Public Works Department (Water Resources), Rural Development Department (RDD), Agriculture Department, Forest Department, and the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC). Nearly all the minor irrigation projects have been handed over to Gaon Panchayats/ Panchayat Samities for better operation, maintenance, and upkeep (Table 6.10b).

Table 6.10a: Detailed break-up by departmentsS.No. Five Year Plan Period Command Area (hectares) Cumulative CA (hectares)1 I-Plan 1952–57 0 02 II-Plan 1957–62 0 03 III-Plan 1962–67 346 3464 IV-Plan 1967–72 1,610 1,9565 V-Plan 1972–77 2,427 4,3836 VI-Plan+ 1977–85 9,353 13,7367 VII-Plan 1985–90 7,184 20,9208 VIII-Plan 1990–92 3,919 24,8399 1992–97 4,599 29,43810 IX-Plan 1997–2002 37,840 67,27811 X-Plan 2002–07 23,575 90,85312 XI-Plan 2007–12 19,671 110,52413 XII-Plan(1st Year) 2012–13 1,220 111,744Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2012-13

Table 6.10b: Irrigation coverage by PWD, RDD, Agriculture, TTAADC, and forest Departments (up to March 2013)

YearPWD(WR) Potential Created (In hectares)

RDD Potential Created (In hectares)

Agriculture Potential Created (In hectares)

TTAADC Potential Created (In hectares)

Forest Potential Created (In hectares)

Total

upto 31.3.1998 29,438 10,945 0 0 0 40,383

1998–99 2,505 3,151 0 0 0 5,656

1999-2000 3,009 2,949 0 200 0 6,158

2000–01 3,051 4,020 658 25 0 7,754

2001–02 3,432 2,738 1,097 60 0 7,327

2002–03 3,211 1,735 0 60 0 5,006

2003–04 3,644 1,089 705 0 0 5,438

2004–05 4,283 0 0 0 0 4,283

2005–06 4,307 0 271 210 0 4,788

2006–07 4,060 0 0 0 0 4,060

2007–08 2,707 0 0 0 0 2,707

2008–09 2,459 1,679 216 95 381 4,830

2009–10 4,096 1,609 400 200 300 6,605

2010–11 2,301 727 200 219 204 3,651

2011–12 1,878 0 0 0 0 1,878

2012–13 1,220 0 0 0 0 1,22075,601 30,642 3,547 1,069 885 111,744

Source : Irrigation Department, Tripura

The Government is implementing an action plan to expand irrigation coverage up to 129,552 hectares within 2015–16. The status of irrigation over the plan period till 2011–12 is presented in Table 6.11. Net potential created till March 2013 was 1, 11,744 hectares and utilization made 77,195 hectares . The detailed break-up by departments is presented in Table 6.10a. However, Potential utilized is less between the year 2008 and 2010.

FINAL REPORT

99IRRIGATION

List of different irrigation system is given in Table 6.12. Maximum area covered by LI is followed by medium irrigation and deep tube well schemes. Total 112,846 hectares area is covered by different schemes.

Command area under LI is 49 per cent of total command area under different schemes (Figure 6.3) Sephaizala district has highest command area of 12,802 hectares closely followed by Khowai and South with 10,182 and 9,398 hectares. while share of shallow deep tube well is only 5 per cent. Command area under LI is highest in Sephaizala followed by Gomati (Figure 6.4). However number of LI is higher in Gomati than Sepahizala (Figure 6.5). Therefore, number of LI does not match with command area.

Constraints in Utilization of Water Resources for IrrigationThe following came into notice during the visit and FGD with villagers of different districts of Tripura.

Table 6.11: Percentage of potential utilized in the state (2012–13)

DepartmentsTotal Potential Created

(hectares)Net Potential Utilized

(hectares)Percentage of Potential

UtilizedPWD water 75,061 58,542 77.99

Agriculture 3,547 1,857 52.35

TTAADC 1,069 515 48.17

R.D.D. 30,642 16,281 53.13

Forest 885 - -

Total 111,744 77,195 69.08

Source: Agriculture statistic, Tripura

Table 6.12: Summary of irrigation schemes in Tripura (2013)

S.No Type of Schemes No. of Schemes Coverage (In hectares)

1 LI 1,589 55,858

2 HPLI 7 868

3 Deep tube well 233 5,588

4 Diversion 45 4,734

5 Medium irrigation 3 9,608

6 Artesian wells 8,503 36,190

7 Shallow tube wells 3,990

8 Tanks 787

9 Pick-up weir 209

10 Small pumps 8,254

11 Watershed management

Total 112,846

Source: Irrigatation Department, Tripura

Figure 6.3: Source-Wise Distribution of Command Area

Figure 6.4: District-Wise Command Area under Lift Irrigation

FINAL REPORT


1. Lack of irrigation in dry/winter season is still a challenge; people suffer from water scarcity in dry season

2. On the other hand, heavy rains cause excessive leaching of the top soil, which increase lack of organic carbon and frost

3. Irregular distributation of rainy days 4. Lack of water harvesting structures to check run-off5. Lack of switch gate at cherra6. Non-functional irrigation systems are affecting the

agriculture production7. Increasing population and utilization of land for

colonization

Strategies to Overcome the ConstraintsTripura has good rainfall in monsoon season, with approximately 1,800-2,100 mm rainfall recorded. But in summer, water scarcity is also a problem. From that point of view need to focus on harvesting of rainwater using different ways. Simultaneously, we

Figure 6.5: District-Wise Number of LIs in Tripura

Table 6.13: irrigation picture, irrigation potential created, and utilization in Tripura 2013–14

Percentage Share of Total Potential Utilization of StatePercentage Non-functioning

Lift Pumpset Total Lift Pumpset Total

Dhalai 48.7 28.8 45.0 18.4 11.1 12.2

Gomati 86.7 12.7 52.7 5.2 13.7 14.5

Khowai 56.4 55.8 68.3 21.9 13.4 6.7

North 35.5 12.2 33.1 18.7 0.0 4.4

Shipahijala 65.4 53.5 61.0 6.7 9.6 2.9

South 84.8 32.4 73.5 4.3 33.0 22.0

Unakoti 5.5 7.7 5.5 48.7 34.0 42.4

West 59.9 25.4 46.5 19.4 15.3 26.9

Tripura 57.2 29.5 51.8 14.4 18.5 15.4

should focus on use of new method of irrigation to prevent excess water loss.

The irrigation potential can be enhanced by three strategies

1. Utilizing of existing technology for example LI2. Enhance water efficiency in irrigation by modern

technology for example drip irrigation and sprinkler system

3. Increasing number of rainwater harvesting system

The details of each strategy is given below

Following strategies can enhance the irrigation potential of the state.

1. Priority should be given to all surface water schemes with comparatively less capital investment

2. Improvement is needed in water harvesting area and technology

3. LI and pump sets can be promoted more in steam and check dam areas.

4. Improvements need to be made in functionality of different irrigation schemes such as LI, shallow tube well and pump set; and groundwater recharging plan should be customized especially in North Tripura, Unakoti, West Tripura and Dhalai.

5. Development of switch gates/check dams on the cherras (small streams), which will recharge the groundwater.

6. Innovative methods of rainwater harvesting should be implemented, especially in hilly ADC areas.

7. Utilization of farm pond for irrigation

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101IRRIGATION

8. Provision of LI facilities should be made in those areas which are not covered so far for example, at places where water resource is present in the form of a huge river or a small cherra but no machines to lift the water are available, for example, in the villages on the banks of Manu River.

9. Need expressed for greater subsidy on the pump sets and motors. More utilization of surface water for irrigation as the soil is rich in iron content and thus groundwater too is contaminated with excess of iron in it.

10. Promotion of drip irrigation11. Promotion of solar-based water pumps12. Implement tube well schemes for irrigation in

areas of adequate yield potential under limit of safe exploitation of groundwater

Improvement in LI Systems by Converting Non-Functional LI to Functional LIsIn the perennial streams, where there is problem of lifting water to the crop field through traditional means of irrigation, LI systems need to be installed. There are LI systems already installed, but are in defunct condition. The LI systems need upgradation and revival. In Tripura total 1,580 system are installed of which 227 are defunct, so there is requirement of maintenance of pre-existing systems. This maintenance of LI systems can be under taken by the Beneficiary Committee Society and farmers association. In Farmers’ Association, members,

LI can be developed at such water streams

who take over a scheme, can sign an agreement among themselves to share water as well as the cost of operation and maintenance equitably. Similarly, schemes are also needed for maintenance of LI systems.

Power is also a big challenge in agriculture system. In Tripura, power is not supplied in sufficient amount in agriculture as well as residential area. Solar pump may be used for lifting water from the streams, rivers, and water harvesting structures and fed to the canals for irrigation. A solar pump of 1 HP can draw water from 30 ft. depth and deliver water up to 70 ft. Cost of such capacity pump will be Rs 100,000 per set.

Promotion of Drip Irrigation SystemDrip irrigation systems with solar pump should be installed considering water requirement for high-value crops in areas where water scarcity for irrigating crops exist.

Promotion of drip irrigation in horticulture and SRI and rice can lead to almost 70 per cent water saving. In traditional surface irrigation methods, the losses in water conveyance and application are large. These losses can be considerably reduced by adopting micro-irrigation methods. Among all the irrigation methods, micro-irrigation in the form of drip/sprinkler irrigation is the most efficient and can be practiced on a large variety of crops, especially in vegetables, orchard crops, flowers, and plantation crops. Besides saving water, micro-irrigation also results in productivity gains (in the range of 20–50 per cent), reduces the growth of weeds, controls soil erosion, and is less labour intensive (Table 6.14).

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Water HarvestingTripura receives plenty of monsoon rainfall but maximum amount flowns down to Bangladesh due to lack of storage capacity. The state as a whole receives about 2,300 mm rainfall annually, of which 90 per cent occurs in six months that is from April to September. Quantitatively, out of 761,600 hectare meter of water that is waste. In annual runoff, 81 per cent of the waste water flow is during monsoon and rest 19 per cent during non-monsoon period. Of the total runoff, 36 per cent is only available in ten major river systems and 55 percent of them can be utilized. Tripura has a total cultivable land of 280,000 hectares and irrigation potential of 127,000 hectares. Of the available water resources, 79,000 hectares can be brought under assured irrigation through surface water and 48,000 hectares through groundwater. Total potential created up to March 31, 2013 was 111,744 hectares. So we need to improve in water storing capacity of the state in the form of water shed development, check dam, and farm pond.

Rainwater HarvestingWater harvesting can be considered as a productive form of water conservation. It can also be considered as a rudimentary form of irrigation. Runoff can be harvested when it rains for direct use or recharge into groundwater for later use. The reliability of crop production and crop yields in rain-fed farming areas can be significantly improved by adopting improved water harvesting techniques. Instead of runoff being left to cause erosion, it can be harvested in strategic location and utilized for irrigation purpose. For larger watersheds

Table 6.14: Comparison of water use in traditional and drip irrigation systems for different crops

CropTraditional Method Drip Irrigation Method

Percentage Saving in Water

Percentage Increase in Yield

Water (mm)Yield (tonnes/hectare)

Water (mm)Yield (tonnes/hectare)

Banana 1,760 57.5 970 87.5 45 52

Grapes 532 26.4 278 21.5 48 23

Citrus 1,660 100 640 150 61 50

Tomato 300 32 180 48 39 50

Brinjal 90 28 42 21 53 14

Chilli 100 4.2 42 6.1 62 44

Sugarcane 21,500 128 940 170 56 33

Cotton 90 2.3 42 2.9 5 27

with more slopes and undulating topography, where erosion due to runoff is high, the runoff can be collected and stored in ponds or surface reservoirs for recharge of groundwater or for direct use, especially for life saving or supplementary irrigation.

Water harvesting in Tripura may be considered for both rainwater harvesting and stream flow harvesting. Ex situ rainwater harvesting at strategic locations such as depressed area (Lunga) or areas in between two hillocks may be constructed to harvest rainwater for groundwater recharging and irrigation purpose with distribution channel for channelizing the water to crop field. Ex situ water harvesting structures, such as farm ponds, dugout ponds, embankment ponds, percolation ponds, are suitable structures for the state. The naturally occurring depressed areas (Lunga) lead to a good storage/excavation (SE) ratio and hence can be developed as water harvesting structures. In gently sloping land, rectangular tank are ideal, which can give S/E ratio of 1.5 to 2.5; whereas on flat or nearly flat land, better S/E ratio are expected from round tank rather than square tanks. Therefore, depending on the topography, water harvesting tanks can be developed. Farm pond must have the provision of removal of excess runoff water by providing drop inlet spillway. For ensuring long-term storage efficiency, compacting and stone pitching of the upper surface of the pond must be done effectively. Following structures can be constructed for rainwater harvesting.

Farm Pond/JalkundFarm ponds are small storage structures used for collecting and storing runoff water. Farm ponds may

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103IRRIGATION

be divided into different categories, viz., dugout farm pond suited for flat topography, embankment ponds for hilly areas, and dugout-cum-embankment type ponds.

Model for Excavated/Dugout Pond

The excavated/drought farm pond can provide irrigation water during dry spells between rainfalls. This increases the yield, the number of crops in one year, and the diversity of crops that can be grown. Such ponds are helpful in checking soil erosion and facilitates minimizes siltation of waterways and reservoirs and ground water recharging. The water can be use a in fish rearing, and livestock and domestic purposes.

Stream Flow Water HarvestingWater flowing through streams can be harvested using some storage structure for productive purposes. Check dam, built across the flow of water in streams, is one of the major water harvesting structures. The areas where the stream flows into a narrow channel surrounded by plains, check dams may be built in the channel raised 1–2 meters above the ground level of the plain and extended laterally by two wings crossing most of the valley. In that situation, the flood water is then forced to expand over a large area facilitating the infiltration of water.

Check DamCheck dam are effective in reducing peak discharge in order to reclaim gullies and store water behind the structures. A check dam, by storing the base flow, maintains supply of water for recharging as well as for

direct use beyond the monsoon period. Check dam should be constructed in nullah where slope is not high. Rainwater that goes waste and causes havoc in the form of flash floods laden with heavy silt load to fertile land may be controlled through construction of check dam. The check dams also have great impact on groundwater recharge, thus increasing the moisture regime in catchment area and improving the vegetative cover.

Check dam cost may be within the range of 8–10 lakh, depending on location and dimension.

Stream Flow Water Harvesting can be Planned

Check Dam can be Developed at Regular Interval in Such Type of Streams

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6.3 Project Recommendation for Year 2015–20

List of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture and Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme Projects

Sustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural resources such as soil and water. Agricultural growth can be sustained by promoting conservation and sustainable use of these scarce natural resources through appropriate location- specific measures. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity, especially in rain-fed areas focusing on integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health management, and synergizing resource

Construction of Water Harvesting Structure

Water Harvesting Structure can be Planned in Such Type of Depressed Area

conservation. Following projects can be recommend under the NMSA scheme:

� Construction of farm ponds � Provision of power-based pump sets for LI � Construction of shallow tube wells � Enhancing the use of sprinkler/drip irrigation

List of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana ProjectsSimilarly some of projects can recommended under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Scheme

Establishment of rainwater harvesting structures

� Development of check dam � Construction of percolation tank � Constriction of modular storage tank � Use of solar pumps in LI � Maintenance of LI systems � Renovation of water bodies/farm pond

Establishment of Rainwater Harvesting StructuresThe economic growth of the state depends mainly upon the irrigation potential of the state. In view of this, there is need for expanding the area under irrigation by utilizing the resources. As the area experiences good amount of rainfall, rainwater harvesting structures should be promoted. Promotion of rainwater harvesting, especially in blocks where river water is not available throughout the year, will help in improving the economic growth of the state. Rainwater harvesting is increasingly being considered as a viable strategy for improving food production in rain-fed agriculture. Estimation of water availability deficit enables evaluation of mitigation measures against effects of dry spells. Thus considering this, a target of 200 new small ponds for individuals for rainwater harvesting system has been recommended with an outlay of Rs. 180 lakh (Table 6.15).

Construction of farm ponds The practice of rainwater harvesting in ponds and reusing the stored water for life saving irrigation of crops and domestic purpose is prevalent in India since ancient times. Water from such ponds are the life line for day to day activities of the rural people of India, such

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105IRRIGATION

Table 6.15 : Physical and financial outlay for rainwater harvesting structures:

Physical Units (numbers) Financial Allocation for WHS (in Lakhs)WHS 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 5 5 5 5 5 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 21.55

Gomati 6 6 6 6 6 5.51 5.51 5.51 5.51 5.51 27.55

Khowai 6 6 6 6 6 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 26.00

North 3 3 3 3 3 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 13.20

Sepahijala 6 6 6 6 6 5.39 5.39 5.39 5.39 5.39 26.95

South 7 7 7 7 7 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.95 29.75

Unakoti 4 4 4 4 4 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.19 15.95

West 4 4 4 4 4 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 19.05

Tripura 40 40 40 40 40 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 180.00

as domestic uses, cleaning, small scale irrigation, and in some cases, even for drinking. The farm pond can be used for water retention throughout the year for fish culture as well as fruit or vegetable farming done on adjacent land and dykes to minimize soil erosion. Thus, a target of 700 new farm ponds has been recommended

with outlay of Rs. 320 lakh (Table 6.16).

Construction of Percolation Tank Percolation tanks are structures for recharging groundwater. These are generally constructed across streams and bigger gullies in order to impound a part of the run-off water. This water, in due course, finds its way into subsoil and recharges the groundwater. This leads to better recuperation of wells in the downstream areas. The purpose of percolation tank is to conserve surface

Table 6.16: Physical and financial outlay for construction of farm ponds and community tanks

Farm Pond

Physical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 11 11 11 11 11 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 25.75

Gomati 22 22 22 22 22 10.07 10.07 10.07 10.07 10.07 50.35

Khowai 18 18 18 18 18 8.24 8.24 8.24 8.24 8.24 41.2

North 12 12 12 12 12 5.63 5.63 5.63 5.63 5.63 28.15

Sepahijala 25 25 25 25 25 11.23 11.23 11.23 11.23 11.23 56.15

South 24 24 24 24 24 10.79 10.79 10.79 10.79 10.79 53.95

Unakoti 10 10 10 10 10 4.48 4.48 4.48 4.48 4.48 22.4

West 18 18 18 18 18 8.41 8.41 8.41 8.41 8.41 42.05

Tripura 140 140 140 140 140 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 320

run off and divert maximum possible surface water to groundwater storage. Thus, water accumulated in the tank after monsoon should percolate at the earliest, without much evaporation losses. Such tank can be beneficial in the groundwater recharging in Sepahijala, South, Gomati, and North Tripura. Each percolation tank can store of 10 lakh litre water and cover up to 30 hectares land (Table 6.17)

Construction of Modular Storage Tank The modular tank is a space saving, simple, and durable way of storage of new generation. High-quality tanks that are easy to install are used. It consists of a wall lined with a suitable film. The tanks can be manufactured up to a height of 4.57 m and a maximum capacity of 2,500 m3. Such system can improve the storage capacity in

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the Tripura. In this scheme, we are recommending 100 tanks per year. The cost of such type of modular system would be approximately 1-1.5 lakhs per tank depending on soil topography (Table 6.18)

Development of Check DamCheck dam are effective in reducing peak discharge in order to reclaim gullies and store water behind the structures. A check dam, by storing the base flow, maintains supply of water for recharging as well as for direct use beyond the monsoon period. Check dam should be constructed in nullah where slope is gentle. Rainwater, which goes waste and causes havoc in the form of flash floods laden with heavy silt load to fertile land, may be controlled through construction of check dam. The check dams have great impact on ground

Table 6.17: Physical and financial outlay for provision for construction of percolation tank

Physical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs) 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 5 5 5 5 5 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 132

Gomati 6 6 6 6 6 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 170.5

Khowai 6 6 6 6 6 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 159.5

North 3 3 3 3 3 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 82.5

Sepahijala 6 6 6 6 6 33 33 33 33 33 165

South 7 7 7 7 7 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 181.5

Unakoti 4 4 4 4 4 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 99

West 4 4 4 4 4 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 115.5

Tripura 40 40 40 40 40 1,105.5

Table 6.18: Physical and financial outlay for provision for constriction of modular storage tank

Physical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 75

Gomati 15 15 15 15 15 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 112.5

Khowai 15 15 15 15 15 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 112.5

North 8 8 8 8 8 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 56.25

Sepahijala 15 15 15 15 15 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 112.5

South 18 18 18 18 18 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 131.25

Unakoti 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 75

West 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 75

Tripura 100 100 100 100 100 150 150 150 150 150 750

water recharge also, thus increasing the moisture regime in catchment area and improving the vegetative cover. Check dam cost may be within the range of 2–2.5 lakh/

hectare command area (Table 6.19).

Enhancing the Use of Sprinkler/Drip IrrigationDrip irrigation involves technology for irrigating plants at the root zone through emitters fitted on a network

Table 6.19: Physical and financial outlay for provi-sion for development of check dam

Physical TargetCommand Area

Financial Outlay (in Lakh)

100 10 hectares 2,500

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107IRRIGATION

of pipes (mains, sub-mains, and laterals). The emitting devices could be drippers, micro-sprinklers, mini sprinklers, micro-jets, misters, fan jets, micro-sprayers, foggers, and emitting pipes, which are designed to discharge water at prescribed rates. Under sprinkler irrigation water is sprinkled under pressure into the air and plant foliage through a set of nozzles attached to network of aluminium or high-density poly ethylene pipes in the form of rainfall. These systems are suitable for irrigating crops where the plant density is very high and where adoption of drip irrigation systems may not be economical. Among all the irrigation methods, micro-irrigation, which can be in the form of drip/sprinkler irrigation, is the most efficient and can be practiced on a large variety of crops, especially vegetables, orchard crops, flowers, and plantation crops. Besides saving water, micro-irrigation also results in productivity gains (in the range of 20–50 per cent), reduces the growth of weeds, controls soil erosion, and is less labour intensive. Thus, considering this, a target of 3,000 sprinklers/drip irrigation systems have been recommended with an outlay of Rs. 1,763.75 lakh (Table 6.20).

Table 6.20: Physical and financial outlay for enhancing the use of sprinkler/drip irrigationPhysical Units ( Hectares) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

Sprinklers 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–182018–19

2019–20 Total

Dhalai 24 48 72 96 120 14.11 28.22 42.33 56.44 70.55 211.65

Gomati 30 60 90 120 150 17.64 35.28 52.91 70.55 88.19 264.56

Khowai 29 58 87 116 145 17.05 34.10 51.15 68.20 85.25 255.74

North 15 30 45 60 75 8.82 17.64 26.46 35.28 44.09 132.28

Sepahijala 30 60 90 120 150 17.64 35.28 52.91 70.55 88.19 264.56

South 33 66 99 132 165 19.40 38.80 58.20 77.61 97.01 291.02

Unakoti 18 36 54 72 90 10.58 21.17 31.75 42.33 52.91 158.74

West 21 42 63 84 105 12.35 24.69 37.04 49.39 61.73 185.19

Tripura 200 400 600 800 1,000 117.58 235.17 352.75 470.33 587.92 1,763.75

Construction of Shallow TubewellsWith a view to increase rice-based cropping intensity by bringing more area under irrigation, 221 small bore mini deep tubewells have been installed during 2010–11. Share of shallow deep tubewell and small bore mini deep is 4 per cent and 6 per cent respectively. There is a great need for shallow tube wells, which must must be taken into consideration to improve the irrigation potential. Thus considering this, a target of 1,000 new shallow tubewells system has been recommended with an outlay of Rs. 120 lakh (Table 6.21).

Provision of Power-Based Pumpsets for LIModern agricultural irrigation is a complex interplay of sustainable energy consumption, water use, market conditions, and application of experience and knowledge to ensure the best design for irrigation applications. To keep productivity high and stay competitive in the market, farmers need to focus on profitability, which includes energy optimization and better use of water resources. Pumping systems in LI

Table 6.21: Physical and financial outlay for construction of shallow tubewellsPhysical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 24 24 24 24 24 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 14.35

Gomati 31 31 31 31 31 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.67 18.35

Khowai 29 29 29 29 29 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.47 17.35

North 15 15 15 15 15 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 8.80

Sepahijala 30 30 30 30 30 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 17.95

South 33 33 33 33 33 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 19.85

Unakoti 18 18 18 18 18 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 10.65

West 21 21 21 21 21 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.54 12.70

Tripura 200 200 200 200 200 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 120.00

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play a vital role in providing optimized solutions for energy and water use. Thus, considering this, a target of 1,000 new pump set for LI has been recommended with outlay of Rs.100 lakh. (Table 6.22)

Use of Solar Pumps in LILight-and power-based lifting system is not appropriate and need some alternative. Solar pump may be used for lifting water from the streams, rivers, and water harvesting structures and fed to the canals for irrigation. In Tripura, electricity is also a problem for the agriculture sector as it is not available in sufficient amount and at required times. So there is option of solar pump in the LI. A solar pump of 1 HP can draw 4,500 Litere per hour. Cost of such capacity pump will be Rs. 100,000 per set (Table 6.23)

Table 6.22: Physical and financial outlay for provision of pump sets for LIPhysical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

Pumpset 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalDhalai 24 24 24 24 24 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 11.95

Gomati 31 31 31 31 31 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 15.30

Khowai 29 29 29 29 29 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 14.45

North 15 15 15 15 15 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 7.35

Sepahijala 30 30 30 30 30 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00

South 33 33 33 33 33 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 16.50

Unakoti 18 18 18 18 18 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 8.85

West 21 21 21 21 21 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 10.60

Tripura 200 200 200 200 200 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00

Table 6.23: Physical and financial outlays for provision of solar pump sets for LIPhysical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 60

Gomati 16 16 16 16 16 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 77.5

Khowai 15 15 15 15 15 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 72.5

North 8 8 8 8 8 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 37.5

Sepahijala 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 75

South 17 17 17 17 17 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 82.5

Unakoti 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 45

West 11 11 11 11 11 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 52.5

Tripura 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 500

Maintenance and repairing of LIIn Tripura, total 1,580 LI of system are present of which 227 are not functional so there is requirement of maintenance of pre-existing systems. The maintenance of LIs could be possible by involvement of Beneficiary Committee Society and farmers association. In Farmers’ Association, members who take over this scheme, will sign an agreement among themselves to share water as well as the cost of operation and maintenance equitably. Similarly, schemes are also needed for maintenance of LI systems (Table 6.24).

Table 6.24: Physical and financial outlay for provision of maintenance of LI

Physical target (Ha) Financial outlay ( Rs in Lakhs)

26,085 101.73

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109IRRIGATION

Renovation of water bodies/farm pond Water bodies/farm ponds are main source of water harvesting system. In Tripura, total of 671 old farm ponds are reported in data of IWMP - 2014. Maintenance of such water bodies along with development of new farm pond or water harvesting systems are also necessary to maintain storage capacity (Table 6.25).

Financial Allocation for Irrigation in Tripura for 2015–20Financial requirement for irrigation in Tripura for the plan period 2015–20 is provided at Table 6.26. Allocation planned for irrigation in next five years is of Rs 354.01 crores. There is reduction of 3 to 4 per cent yearly which denotes large fund is proposed for utilization in earlier time than at the end of the five year plan.

Table 6.25: Physical and financial outlay for renovation of water bodies/farm pond Physical Units (Numbers) Financial Allocation (in Lakhs)

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

180 150 130 111 100 90 75 65 55.5 50 335.5

Budget Requirement for Recommended RKVY ProjectsDifferent projects are recommended for enhancement of irrigation potential by water harvesting, enhancement in modern irrigation system, and capacity development for rainwater storage. The financial allocation is given for these projects in Table 6.27 and 6.28 for RKVY and NMSA projects, respectively.

Budget Requirement for Recommended NMSA ProjectsA total Rs 2,303.75 lakh is recommended for various irrigation schemes under NMSA in the present five year plan, 2015–16 to 2019–20.

Table 6.26: Financial Allocation (Rs in crore) for irrigation in Tripura

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 9.04 8.69 8.35 8.01 7.66 41.75

Gomati 9.64 9.27 8.90 8.54 8.17 44.52

Khowai 10.57 10.17 9.77 9.37 8.96 48.85

North 7.09 6.82 6.55 6.28 6.01 32.74

Sipahijala 13.30 12.79 12.28 11.78 11.27 61.41

South 9.76 9.39 9.02 8.65 8.27 45.08

Unakoti 7.87 7.57 7.27 6.97 6.67 36.33

West 9.38 9.02 8.66 8.31 7.95 43.32

Tripura 76.64 73.72 70.80 67.88 64.96 354.01

Table 6.27: Financial allocation for irrigation in RKVY SchemeEstimated Outlay (Rs. Lakh)

Year 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Financial outlay 1198.8 1082.1 1072.1 1062.6 1057.1 5472.7

Table 6.28 Financial allocation for irrigation in NMSA Scheme

Estimated Outlay (Rs. Lakh)

Year 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Financial outlay 225.58 343.17 460.75 578.33 695.92 2303.75

FINAL REPORT


Table 6.29: Scheme-wise details of financial allocation for irrigation in RKVY and NMSA schemeEstimated Outlay (Rs. Lakh)

Name of the Scheme Physical Target 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Sprinklers (No.)# 3,000 117.58 235.17 352.75 470.33 587.92 1763.7

STW (No.)* 1,000 24 24 24 24 24 120

Pumpset (No.)* 1,000 20 20 20 20 20 100

WHS (No.)# 200 36 36 36 36 36 180

Farm pond (No.)# 700 64 64 64 64 64 320

percolation tank (No)# 200 221.1 221.1 221.1 221.1 221.1 1105.5

Modular storage tank (No)# 500 150 150 150 150 150 750

Check dam (No)# 100 500 500 500 500 500 2500

Solar pump (No)# 500 100 100 100 100 100 500

Renovation of water bodies (No)# 671 90 75 65 55.5 50 335.5

Maintinance and Repair# 26,085 21.73 20 20 20 20 101.73

Total 1,344.41 1,445.27 1,552.85 1,660.93 1,773.02 7,776.43

*NMSA Schemes; # RKVY Schemes

ARDD

CHAPTER 7

7.1 IntroductionApart from agriculture and horticulture, animal husbandry significantly influences life and living of the people of Tripura. It not only fulfils the food and nutritional requirement of the people but also provides great economic support to them. Especially for the people of Autonomous District Council, who cultivate crops mainly for self-consumption, animal husbandry provides a great economic support system. The people of Tripura rear pigs, goat, poultry, cow, buffaloes, etc. The number of total exotic/cross-breed cattle is 133,107 while the total number of indigenous cattle is 815,687. District-wise list of total livestock and poultry numbers in the year 2012 is given in Table 7.1.

Milk Production is highest in west Tripura with 20 per cent of state calculation, followed by Sephaizala (Annexure A3) Gomati, and South contributing for 16, 15 and 14 per cent of state milk production, respectively

(Figure 7.1). Production of eggs is highest in South district with 22 per cent of state production and lowest in Unakoti with 5 per cent state calculation (Figure 7.3). In other districts the range is between 9 and 14 per cent

In meat production, West Tripura ranks first with 21 per cent of state production (Figure 7.2) followed by Sephaliza, Gomati, South, and Khowai districts with 15, 15, 14, and 12 per cent, respectively. Among animal and bird, poultry with 48 per cent has highest

Table 7.1: District-wise list of total livestock and poultry in year 2012 District Cattle Buffalo Sheep Pig Poultry Duck Goat

West 118,303 483 893 37,820 391,645 72,717 80,912

Sipahijala 138,902 815 295 40,757 392,689 145,366 67,031

Khowai 130,788 411 116 51,567 277,479 75,401 80,021

Dhalai 125,864 1,648 274 52,785 318,367 101,976 75,862

Unokoti 149,517 394 63 48,945 461,427 195,048 96,090

North 66,176 2,725 382 17,722 123,910 21,384 39,454

Gomati 113,491 1,873 171 62,305 270,892 69,236 87,305

South 105,753 2,457 916 50,633 235,867 61,383 84,247

Tripura 948,794 10,806 3,110 362,534 2,472,276 742,511 610,922

Figure 7.1: Production of Milk in Various Districts of Tripura (in MT)

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population (Figure 7.4 and 7.5) followed by cattle with 18 per cent, duck 15 per cent goat 12 per cent, and pig 7 per cent (Annexure A4).

Yield gap in milk productionAverage yield of milk in Tripura is much below the national average (Table 7.2). Average yield of buffalo milk in Tripura is 2.48 kg/day while the national average is 4.91 kg/day. Similarly for goat, it is 0.21 kg/day versus national average of 0.45 kg/day. One of the major reasons for low milk yield is that majority of the cattle reared in Tripura is of indigenous or non- descript breeds, and there is very low number of exotic or crossbred cattle. Average yield of cow milk in Tripura is 5.40 kg per day in case of crossbreds and 1.32 kg/day in case of non-descript cattle (Table 7.3). The contribution of milk production is highest from cow followed by goats and buffaloes. Though the average yield of milk is lower in Tripura as compared to national average, yet the rate of growth from 2012–13 to 2013–14 is higher in Tripura at 9.88 per cent than the national growth rate of 3.97 per cent.

Infrastructure There are 16 veterinary hospital and 59 vet dispensaries in the state. Dhalai has maximum four veterinary hospitals (Figure 7.6 and Table 7.4) while South, Sephaizala, and West Tripura have more veterinary dispensaries compared to other districts, where number varies from four to seven. There are only four feed mixing plants for poultry in the state and only one training institute, which is in West Tripura.

Target achievement in milk production has increased from 99 per cent to 102 per cent in 2012–13, in meat

Figure 7.2: Production of Meat in Various Districts of Tripura (in MT)

Figure 7.3: Production of Eggs in Various Districts of Tripura (in Number)

Figure 7.4: Number of Livestock in the state

Figure 7.5: Number of Livestock in All the Districts of Tripura

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Table 7.2: Number of animal, average yield, and estimates of milk production from exotic/cross-bred and indigenous/non discript buffalo and goat in Tripura (2013–14)

States/ UTs

Buffalo Goat Milk

Average - Animals in Milk (in thousands)

Average Yield/Day (in kg)

Milk Production (in thousand MT)

Average - Animals in Milk Â (in thousand)

Average Yield/Day (kg)

Milk Production (thousand MT)

Annual Estimates (Including cow Milk) (thousand Tns)

Annual Estimates (Including cow Milk) (thousand Tns)

Percentage Change

2013–14 2012–13

Tripura 1.70 2.48 1.54 119.79 0.21 9.18 129.70 118.04 9.88

India 39,285.50 4.91 70,442.62 30,911.92 0.45 5,048.40 137,685.89 132,430.59 3.97

Source: Animal Resource Development Department, 2012–13: Tripura at a glance 2012–13

Table 7.3: Number of animal, average yield, and estimates of milk production from exotic/cross-bred and indigenous/non-descript cow in Tripura(2013–14)

Type of CowAverage -Animals in Milk (in thousands)

Average Yield/Day (in kg)Milk Production (in thousand MT)

Tripura-Non-descript 132.139 1.32 63.665

Cross-bred 28.064 5.40 55.314

Table 7.4: Infrastructure facilities of animal husbandry sector in Tripura in the year 2013–14

2013–14V H

VDA I Centre

Sub-Centre

Feed Mixing Plant

Vets Training Institute

D I Labs

LN2 Plant

Rabbit Breeding Farm

Cattle Breed-ing Farms

Poultry Breeding Farms

Pig Breed-ing Farms

Goat Breed-ing Farm

Fowl DuckTripura 16 59 11 426 4 1 4 3 2 1 4 2 10 2West 2 11 0 85 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 0Sepahijala 2 10 2 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1Khowai 1 4 2 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0Gomati 2 7 2 43 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0South 2 10 1 59 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1Unakoti 1 6 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0North 2 5 1 42 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0Dhalai 4 6 2 37 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

Table 7.5: Milk, meat, and egg production in Tripura

Year Milk (in MT) Meat (in MT) Egg (in crore)

Target Achievement Target Achievement Target Achievement

2007–08 91,340 91,312 (99.97) 14,153 14,098 (99.61) 13.36 13.20 (98.80)

2008–09 95,910 95,598 (99.67) 16,134 19,226 (119.16) 15.36 13.89 (90.43)

2009–10 102,623 100,640 (98.06) 18,715 21,102 (112.75) 18.12 14.42 (79.58)

2010–11 107,476 105,233 (97.91) 25,765 23,436 (90.96) 18.4 15.70 (85.32)

2011–12 115,282 110,300 (95.38) 33,646 25,000 (74.30) 20.56 16.50 (80.25)

2012–13 115,594 118,042 (102.12)

26,875 31,793 (118.30) 17.49 15.65 (89.48)

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from 99 per cent to 118 per cent and in egg, it has decreased from 98.8 per cent to 89 per cent, as there was an outbreak of bird flu in the year 2011–12 (Table 7.5). Growth in production showed an increase of 29.27 per cent in case of milk, 18.56 per cent in case of eggs and 125.5 per cent in meat from 2007–08 to 2012–13, which is quite impressive.

7.2 Constraints in Animal Husbandry-Livestock and Poultry

1. Natural Constraints � Diseases such as black quarter, FMD, brutellosis

in cattle; swine fever in pig; Ranikhet and IBD in poultry, goat pox in goat are major threats for the livestock production.

� Land availability for fodder cultivation is less.

2. Inputs Constraints � Inadequate supply of piglets. � Lack of supply of fodder/feed. � Feed for animals and birds is procured from outside

the state, thereby increasing the cost of feed.

3. Financial Constraints � Kisan Credit Card has not been implemented well

at all. � In-sufficient fund flow for implementing farm

mechanization � To get Kishan Credit Card loan is extremely

cumbersome.

4. Extension Constraints � Non-availability of sufficient number of extension

staff at field level. � Number of village level workers is less. � Number of veterinary centers is less. � The village level workers and assistants, although

trained are not able to handle some cases which require highly specialized skills.

� Wide gap in transfer of technology from lab to land.

7.3 Growth Drivers: Animal Husbandry

1. Traditional expertise in cattle, pig, goat, and duck rearing.

2. Pig and poultry are reared the most. There are pig breeding farms in the state. These facilities and interest can be tapped to make pig rearing a good earning profession.

3. Presence of viable milk marketing network through cooperative societies, private agencies, and individual milk traders

4. Cattle, goat and pig rearing, a popular enterprise among landless and poor section of society.

So These activities can be promoted for upliftment of these sections of society

7.4 Strategies for growth of Animal Resources

1. Promotion of green fodder cultivation on common lands and outside forest area, preservation of grazing land, backyard fodder cultivation with simultaneous strengthening of fodder seed production facilities can strengthen the cattle rearing in the state.

2. Breed Improvement through AI, introduction/supply of quality animals, calf rearing as part of animal quality upgradation should be promoted.

3. Promotion of low input technology poultry/ duckery for the benefit of marginal f a r m e r s /landless rural poor/ tribal habitations and also to meet the increasing local demand. Also improved varieties/Cross breeds for poultry need to be introduced and promoted.

4. Milk processing and marketing through dairy cooperatives and supply chain management through SHGS and milk societies

5. There is need of more veterinary centres in addition to existing ones.

6. Piglets should be supplied in less random manner with village level and household level planning. Beneficiaries are less under current schemes and hence it does not cover population of the village. Therefore it is important to plan and include larger numbers of beneficiaries.

7. Farm Advisory should be issued from time to time and land surveillance for animal diseases, particularly in the remote areas should be conducted. At least one veterinary sub, centre should be opened in each Gram Panchayat (GP) with professionally efficient staff.

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7.5 Budget Requirements for ARDD for 2015-20:

Financial outlay for ARDD for the plan year 2015–20 for Tripura state is 377.50 crore. District-wise and year- wise outlay is provided in Table 7.6.

7.6 RKVY Projects/ Interventions Recommended and New Schemes Proposed

The new schemes proposed for the state agriculture and allied sectors are enlisted below. In addition to proposed new schemes, projects may be incorporated in case of exigency.

Animal Resource Development � Construction of ARDD Sub-centre � Poultry-based farming system. � Strengthening of all government farms related to

ARDD. � Promotion of cross breed base farming system. � Piglet production fattening. � Construction of Veterinary dispensary/AI centre. � Goatery development. � Fodder production. � Construction of rat proof godown for storage of

CGM. � Skill development training of farmers on milk sector,

meat sector, egg sector and fodder sector � Strengthening of publicity/ extension wing of ARDD. � Construction of poultry sheds

Table 7.6: Budget Requirements for ARDD for 2015–20

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 8.20 8.58 8.96 9.35 9.50 44.58

Gomati 9.33 9.77 10.21 10.65 10.81 50.77

Khowai 9.60 10.05 10.50 10.95 11.12 52.23

North 7.69 8.05 8.41 8.77 8.91 41.84

Sipahijala 10.07 10.55 11.02 11.49 11.67 54.80

South 11.16 11.68 12.20 12.73 12.93 60.71

Unakoti 4.78 5.00 5.23 5.45 5.54 26.00

West 8.57 8.98 9.38 9.78 9.94 46.64

Tripura 69.41 72.66 75.91 79.17 80.42 377.57

� Strengthening of Cattle Farm at R K Nagar. � Construction of District Veterinary Medicine Store � Animal diseases and surveillance facility. � Strengthening of animal vaccination programme. � Fodder kit distribution. � Construction of brooder house.

7.7 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Projects recommended now in Tripura for ARDD

Construction of ARDD Sub-centreTo provide veterinary services to the people living in the farthest and remotest corners of the state, it is necessary to reach out to them and make basic facilities for animal husbandry available. To extend ARDD network in the state, 58 new ARDD sub-centres have been proposed with a cost of Rs. 580 lakh.

Promotion of Poultry-based Farminga. There has been an increasing demand for poultry

meat, particularly of chicken. However, the poultry farmers face some factors limiting the growth of the industry. The most important problem faced by poultry farmers is availability and supply of day-old chicks. Another problem is the poor availability of quality feeds for various categories of poultry. Therefore, the government desired to establish more hatcheries at its poultry farms and supply day-old chicks at competitive prices and establish feed plants at government poultry farms.

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Table 7.7: Physical and financial outlay for construction of ARDD sub-centre (Rs. in lakh) S.no Name of District Unit/Cost 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total1. West Unit 0 3 3 3 2 11

Cost 0 30.00 30.00 30.00 20.00 110.00

2. Sipahijala District Unit 0 1 1 0 0 2

Cost 0 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 20.00

3. Khowai District Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Gomati District Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. South District Unit 0 5 5 5 7 22

Cost 0 50.00 50.00 50.00 70.00 220.00

6. Dhalai District Unit 2 2 2 2 2 10

Cost 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00

7. Unokoti District Unit 0 2 2 0 0 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00

8. North District Unit 0 2 2 2 3 9

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 90.00

Total Unit 2 15 15 12 14 58

Cost 20.00 150.00 150.00 120.00 140.00 580.00

2. In this connection, it has been proposed under the Project for Comprehensive Poultry Development under RKVY, to train the farmers in modernized poultry rearing techniques, to encourage backyard poultry farming and supply of giriraja/ swarnadhara/ coloured broilers to poultry farmers.

3. The benefits that the project would accrue include: (a) Availability of employment to local youth and women; (b) Stop migration of youth to urban areas in search of jobs; (c) Development of rural leadership; (d) Increase poultry output; (e) Availability of quality chicks and feeds at reasonable prices, etc.

4. Fund of Rs. 100 lakh is dedicated per year for poultry with total fund allocation for the five-year plan of Rs. 500 lakh. District-wise financial outlay for the sector is given in Table 7.8.

Strengthening of all government farms related to ARDD:The primary objective of the scheme is to augment animal husbandry section including milk, poultry/duck egg and meat production, to make the state, self-sufficient. ARD Department maintains cattle, pig, poultry, and duck breeding farms for production and supply of quality breeds to farmers. A total budget of Rs. 12.5 crore for this purpose has been proposed in the current five-year-plan.

Promotion of crossbreeds based farming system:Tripura has limited growth of artificial insemination and crossbreed cattle are limited in number. Crossbreeds have better milk yield and they are beneficial commercially for farmers as well as co-operatives. In Tripura, 5 lakhs of population of their livelihood is depending on the farming of animal Husbandry. The major income-generating option of livelihood is milk production which comes from cattle farming. Research on cross-bred cattle farming (combination of non-descript or jersey cows) should be planned specifically. It shows that existing status of cross-breed milk cows in milk, Gross total including all districts in Tripura is 28,064 numbers whereas Non-descript cows in milk are 132,139 which is significantly higher than cross-

bred cows.

Establishment of Piglet Production UnitsAmong the various livestock species, piggery is the best potential source of meat production and more efficient feed converters after the broiler. Pig farming will provide employment opportunities to seasonally employed rural farmers and supplementary income to improve their living standards. Some of the deficiencies/road blocks

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117ARDD

Table 7.8: Physical and financial outlay for poultry-based farming system(in lakh)S. no.

Name ofDistrict

Unit/cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.50

2. Sipahijala District

Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.503 Khowai District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.504 Gomati District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.50

5 South District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.506 Dhalai District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.507 Unokoti District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.508 North District Unit 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

Cost 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 62.50Total Unit 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 20,000

Cost 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 500.00

Table 7.9: Financial outlay for strengthening of government farms related to ARDDDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalSouth Tripura 0 0 0 25 0 25

North Tripura 0 0 0 35 0 35

West Tripura 0 0 0 0 126 126

Sepahijala 0 0 0 0 35 35Total 0 0 0 60 161 221

for piggery development in the state are: illiteracy, unorganized traditional pig producers, non-availability of quality pork, non-availability of sufficient number of elite (improved) piglets for breeding, shrinking/ non-availability of infrastructure in Government pig breeding stations and budgetary allocations.

Establishment of Fodder Production UnitsLivestock requires feed and fodder round the year. Quantity and quality of feed supply remains the major limiting factor to improve livestock productivity. Inadequate nutrition affects the expression of full genetic potential. Balance feeding is also important to minimize greenhouse gases (methane, CO2 etc.) and climate change. In almost all Focused Group Discussion (FGD), limitation of fodder emerged as a leading concern for livestock rearing. Therefore, it has been planned to

improve fodder production for livestock management and animal health camps in each watershed for better management of livestock, particularly milch animals.

In order to ensure feeding of good quality and quantity of fodder, which would reduce the cost of production of milk and meat, there is need to supply chaff-cutters and fodder seeds to farmers.

Promotion of green fodder cultivation on common lands and outside forest area, preservation of grazing land, backyard fodder cultivation with simultaneous strengthening of fodder seed production facilities can strengthen the cattle rearing in the state.

Establishment of Livestock Centres for AI and Veterinary First AidKeeping in view, the increased demand for food of animal origin, the potential of the livestock sector for sustainable agriculture and livelihood of rural

FINAL REPORT


households, it is necessary to strengthen all the inputs of livestock sector, namely, animal feed resource, animal breeding services, animal health services, extension and training services. Conventional local breeds of cattle have less lactating time per year and milk yield is also less. AI centres can help areas by developing new crossbreeds which have better milk yield. This additional volume results in an increase in income of households. Additionally veterinary first-aid centres are required so that animal injuries can be treated locally.

Financial allocation for AI and veterinary first-aid centres is Rs. 800 lakh.

Table 7.10: Financial outlay for promotion of crossbreed based farming system in Tripura (Rs. in lakh)S.No. Name of District Unit/Cost 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total1. West Unit 10 10 10 10 6 46

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 4.80 36.802. Sipahijala District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.603. Khowai District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.604. Gomati District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.605. South District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.606. Dhalai District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.607. Unokoti District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.608. North District Unit 10 10 10 10 7 47

Cost 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.60 37.60Total Unit 80 80 80 80 55 375

Cost 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 44.00 300.00

Table 7.11: Establishment of piglet production units/fattening units

S.No.Name of District

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalUnit (Nos) Unit (Nos) Unit (Nos) Unit (Nos) Unit (Nos) Unit (Nos)

1. West 8+35 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 1032. Sipahijala 2+ 23 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 853. Khowai 6 +24 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 904. Gomati 8 +32 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 1005. South 2 +26 10 + 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 886. Dhalai 10+34 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 1047. Unokoti 2+14 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 768. North 8+32 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 10 +5 100

Total 46 +220 80+40 80+40 80+40 80+40 746

Construction of Poultry ShedsThough weather of the state is humid, poultry business offers a side business for farmers. This is a source of additional income as well as risk diversification and manure supply to farms.

Promotion of Rearing of Improved Breeds of GoatsGoats are 12 per cent of the animal population of the state, used for milk as well as meat purpose. Though the weather of the state is humid, there is scope for goat rearing because of availability of market as well as green fodder in the state.

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Table 7.12: Financial outlay for establishment of piglet production units/fattening units (Rs. in lakh)

S.No.

Name of District

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost

1. West 11.67896+ 14.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

81.67896

2. Sipahijala 2.91974 + 9.20

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

68.11974

3. Khowai 8.75922 + 9.60

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

74.35922

4. Gomati 11.67896+ 12.80

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

80.47896

5. South 2.91974+ 10.40

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

69.31974

6. Dhalai 14.5987+13.60

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

84.1987

7. Unokoti 2.91974+ 5.60

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

64.51974

8. North 11.67896+12.80

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

12.00 + 2.00

80.47896

Total 67.15 + 88.00

96.00 +16.0

96.00 +16.0

96.00 +16.0

96.00 +16.0

603.15

Table 7.13: Physical and financial outlay for fodder production unit. (Rs. in lakh)S. No.

Name of District

Unit/cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 70 100 100 100 100 470

Cost 3.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 23.50


Unit 40 100 100 100 100 440

Cost 2.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 22.00

3. Khowai District

Unit 30 100 100 100 100 430

Cost 1.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 21.50

4. Gomati District

Unit 45 100 100 100 100 445

Cost 2.25 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 22.25

5. South District

Unit 40 100 100 100 100 440

Cost 2.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 22.00

6. Dhalai District

Unit 32 100 100 100 100 432

Cost 1.60 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 21.60

7. Unokoti District

Unit 30 100 100 100 100 430

Cost 1.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 21.50

8. North District

Unit 45 100 100 100 100 445

Cost 2.25 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 22.25

Total Unit 332 800 800 800 800 3532

Cost 16.60 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 176.60

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Table 7.14: Physical and financial outlay for construction of veterinary dispensary/AI centre. (Rs. in lakh)Sl. no

Name of District

Unit/Cost 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 1 0 0 1 2

Cost 0 50.00 0 0 50.00 100.00


Unit 1 1 0 0 0 2

Cost 50.00 50.00 0 0 0 100.00

3. Khowai District

Unit 1 0 0 0 0 1

Cost 50.00 0 0 0 0 50.00

4. Gomati District

Unit 1 1 0 0 1 3

Cost 50.00 50.00 0 0 50.00 150.00

5. South District

Unit 1 0 0 0 0 1

Cost 50.00 0 0 0 0 50.00

6. Dhalai District

Unit 0 0 0 1 1 2

Cost 0 0 0 50.00 50.00 100.00

7. Unokoti District

Unit 1 0 0 0 0 1

Cost 50.00 0 0 0 0 50.00

8. North District

Unit 1 1 1 1 0 4

Cost 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 0 200.00

Total Unit 6 4 1 2 3 16

Cost 300.00 200.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 800.00

Table 7.15: Physical and financial outlay for construction of district veterinary medicine Store (Rs. in lakh ) Sl. no

Name of District

Unit/Cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0


Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. Khowai District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Gomati District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. South District

Unit 0 0 0 0 1 1

Cost 0 0 0 0 50.00 50.00

6. Dhalai District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

7. Unokoti District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

8. North District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Unit 0 0 0 0 1 1

Cost 0 0 0 0 50.00 50.00

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Table 7.16: Fund allocation planned for poultry sheds.

Districts 2015–16 2015–16

Dhalai 10 20

Gomati 10 20

Khowai 10 20

North 10 20

Sepahijala 10 20

South 10 20

Unakoti 6 12

West 10 20

Tripura 76 152

Table 7.17: Physical and financial outlay for establishment of goatery unit (Rs. in lakh) Sl. no

Name ofDistrict

Unit/Cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00


Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

3. Khowai District

Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

4. Gomati District

Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00


Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

6. Dhalai District

Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

7. Unokoti District

Unit 20 20 20 20 20 100

Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00


Cost 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

Total Unit 160 160 160 160 160 800

Cost 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 240.00

coverage of 100 per cent as per international standards required to be achieved for the immunity of the heard against the diseases. By creating the herd immunity, the disease outbreaks will be minimal and losses experienced by farmers due to direct and indirect livestock diseases will reduce drastically, which in turn will help the farming community to improve, their economy.

Total financial outlay of Rs 42.7 lakh is proposed for 100 per cent vaccination in the state. Allocation is made for the first three years of the plan. Allocation of Rs 14.23 lakh is made every year with 948,794 animals to be vaccinated annually.

Animal Disease Control Programme. Disease control is brought in by disease surveillance. Disease outbreaks among the livestock population have shown variable trends with increased death rates. Farmers are facing great economic loss by way of death of animal, treatment cost, reproduction and production losses, etc. The prevalence of diseases also cause loss to the State’s economy in the form of loss of valuable genetic material and export potential.

Total financial outlay of Rs. 240 lakh has been allotted for goatery.

Strengthening of Animal Vaccination Programme It is worth noting that vaccines have helped in substantial reduction of respective animal disease outbreaks in other states. Notwithstanding the fact that total vaccination coverage at present in animals is only 35 to 40 per cent which is far below the expected

FINAL REPORT


There the RKVY project on strengthening of Animal Disease Surveillance Network has been proposed. The operational area of the project is the entire State. The data of will be collected of majority of livestock disease other related profiles up to all the villages of the State.

The projects’ intentions are:

(i) To develop an animal health information profile supported by Geographical Information System (GIS) based health information data bank.

(ii) To strengthen the disease control programme in the state, a State Animal Disease Preventive System (SADPS) and a website has to be developed and launched.

(iii) To develop SMS based IVR system.(iv) To demarcate the State into ecopathozones,

depending upon the regular occurrence of the disease in particular zones/areas. a. Infectious diseases – there is a need to analyse

the cause of prevalence of organism by studying meteorological, (rainfall, humidity, season, etc.), geological (water bodies, soil types, macro and micro nutrients, etc.), and management practices and genetic causes.

b. Non-infectious diseases – this needs to be analysed with related parameters.

(v) To develop effective disease forecasting system in the state and educate farmers to participate in disease control programmes.

(vi) To develop disease reporting and confirmation system.

(vii) To establish a disease free zone.

Table 7.18: Physical and financial outlay for strengthening of animal vaccination programme

Animal Vaccination Rs.1.5/dose, 3 doses per animalDistricts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 Total

Dhalai 113,491 113,491 113,491 1.70 1.70 1.70 5.11

West 125,864 125,864 125,864 1.89 1.89 1.89 5.66

Sepahijala 130,788 130,788 130,788 1.96 1.96 1.96 5.89

Khowai 105,753 105,753 105,753 1.59 1.59 1.59 4.76

Gomati 138,902 138,902 138,902 2.08 2.08 2.08 6.25

South 149,517 149,517 1495,17 2.24 2.24 2.24 6.73

North 66,176 66,176 66,176 0.99 0.99 0.99 2.98

Unakoti 118,303 118,303 118,303 1.77 1.77 1.77 5.32

TRIPURA 948,794 948,794 948, 794 14.23 14.23 14.23 42.70

Table 7.19: Financial outlay for Animal diseases and surveillance facility

2015–16 2015–16 Total

TRIPURA 1 Unit 50 50

Fodder Kit DistributionIt is also planned to improve fodder production for livestock management and animal health camps in each watershed for better management of livestock, particularly milch animals. The plan for fodder kit distribution is given in Table 7.20 and total allocation of the funds for the schemes is Rs. 2.56 lakhs (Table 7.20).

Establishment of Feed Pellet Production and Storage Unit Feed pellet is requirement for livestock which is processed fodder. This is additive or substitute feed for animals in time of non-availability of conventional fodder or when farmers want additive nutritional feed for their animals.

One unit of feed pellet production is planned to be set up in each district with a plan of Rs 500 lakh for the same. Construction of rat-proof godown for storage of animal feed and calf growth meal (CGM) is recommended with a budget allocation of Rs. 52.766 lakh.

Skill Development Training of Farmers on Milk Sector, Meat Sector, Egg Sector and Fodder Sector.For any sector to pick up speed of development and stay abreast with the new developments, it becomes

FINAL REPORT

123ARDD

Table 7.20: Physical and financial outlay for fodder kit distribution Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

West 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

Sepahijala 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

Khowai 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

Gomati 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

South 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

North 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

Unakoti 2 2 2 2 2 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.32

TRIPURA 16 16 16 16 16 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 2.56

Table 7.21: Physical and financial outlay for establishment of feed pellet production unitDistricts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1 100 0 0 0 0 100

West 1 0 0 0 100 0 100

Sepahijala 0 0 0 0 0 0

Khowai 0 0 0 0 0 0

Gomati 1 1 0 100 0 0 100 200

South 0 0 0 0 0 0

North 1 0 0 100 0 0 100

Unakoti 0 0 0 0 0 0

TRIPURA 1 1 1 1 1 100 100 100 100 100 500

Table 7.22: Physical and financial outlay for construction of rat proof go-down for storage of animal feed/calf growth meal (CGM). (Rs. in lakh )

S. No.

Name of District

Unit/Cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 2 2 1 1 6

Cost 0.00 7.538 7.538 3.769 3.769 22.6142. Sipahijala

DistrictUnit 0 0 0 0 0 0Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. Khowai District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Gomati District

Unit 1 1 1 1 0 4Cost 3.769 3.769 3.769 3.769 0.00 15.076

5. South District Unit 0 1 1 1 0 3Cost 0.00 3.769 3.769 3.769 0.00 11.307

6. Dhalai District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

7. Unakoti District

Unit 0 0 0 0 1 1Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.769 3.769

8. North District

Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Unit 1 4 4 3 2 14Cost 3.769 15.076 15.076 11.307 7.538 52.766

FINAL REPORT


mandatory to train its stakeholders in skill development. So in this regard, it is of utmost importance that farmers should be skilled in meat, milk, egg, and fodder sector.

Strengthening of Publicity/Extension Wing of ARDDIn order to implement the government schemes in an organized way and give maximum benefits to the farmers, it becomes almost mandatory to publicize various government schemes. This requires a strengthened publicity and extension wing in the ARD department. Keeping this in view, a total budget of 45 lakh is proposed for ARDD publicity/ extension wing strengthening.

Strengthening of Cattle Farm at R K NagarCattle farm at R K Nagar, Agartala is an asset for ARDD. To strengthen it and expand it total budget of Rs. 200 lakh is proposed.

Table 7.23: Physical and financial outlay for physical and financial outlay for skill development trainings of farmers (Rs. in lakh)

S. No.

Name of DistrictUnit/Cost

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 1 1 1 1 1 5

Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40

2. Sipahijala District Unit 1 1 1 1 1 5

Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40


Cost 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 4.40

Total Unit 8 8 8 8 8 40

Cost 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 35.20

Construction of brooder houseGood brooder houses are essential in the artificial brooding of chicks or poults if satisfactory results are to be obtained economically. They must provide adequate capacity, dryness, ventilation without drafts, entrance of sunlight, protection from enemies, and ease of cleaning.

Strengthening of Pig Breeding Farm under State/TTAADCThere is great potential for the growth of pig husbandry in Tripura. Piggery is an important activity amongst weaker sections of the society as well as the unemployed. It is one of the major animal husbandry activities in the North Eastern Region, where pork consumption is most common. Tribal population which contributes 1/3rd of the total population in the state gives highest preference to pork in their daily meals.

To enhance pig production of the state by upgrading the local variety of pigs through cross-breeding with the exotic pigs, breeding farms need to be upgraded and strengthened.

FINAL REPORT

125ARDD

Table 7.24: Physical and financial outlay for strengthening of publicity/extension wing of ARDD (Rs. in lakh )Sl. no.

Name of District

Unit/cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 0 1 1 0 2

Cost 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 10.00


Unit 0 1 0 0 0 1

Cost 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00


Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00


Cost 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 5.00


Cost 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 5.00


Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00


cost 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00


Cost 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 5.00


Cost 0 10.00 20.00 5.00 10.00 45.00

Table 7.25: Financial outlay for strengthening of cattle farm at R K Nagar (Rs. in lakh)

S. No.

Name of District

Unit/cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 1 0 0 0 1

Cost 0 200.00 0 0 0 200.00


cost 0 200.00 0 0 0 200.00

7.8 Financial budget for RKVY Schemes

FINAL REPORT


Table 7.26 Physical and financial outlay for construction of brooder house (Rs. in lakh)S. No.

Nameof District

Unit/Cost2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. West Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00


Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

3. Khowai District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

4. Gomati District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

5. South District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

6. Dhalai District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

7. Unakoti District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

8. North District

Unit 0 1 1 1 1 4

Cost 0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

Total Unit 0 8 8 8 8 32

Cost 0 160.00 160.00 160.00 160.00 640.00

Table 7.27: Financial outlay (crore) for strengthening pig breeding farms

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

South Tripura(B C Manu Farm,TTAADC)

0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

Dhalai 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00

Tripura 2.00

Table 7.28: Financial allocation for RKVY

Sector 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 TotalARDD 955.301 1,296.858 980.858 1,027.859 1,130.09 5,390.966

FINAL REPORT

127ARDD

Table7.29: Synopsis of RKVY project with proposed financial outlay (Rs. in lakh)


S.No.

Name of SchemesPhysical Targets

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1. Establishment of feed pellet production and storage unit (No)

5 100 100 100 100 100 500.00

2. Construction of ARDD sub-centre (No) 58 20 150 150 120 140 580.00

3. Poultry based farming system (No) 20,000 100 100 100 100 100 500.00

4. Promotion of cross-breed base farming system

375 64 64 64 64 44 300.00

5. Piglet production fattening 746 155.15 112 112 112 112 603.15

6. Construction of Vety. dispensary/AI Centre. (No)

16 300 200 50 100 150 800.00

7. Promotion of rearing of improved breeds of goats (No)

800 48 48 48 48 48 240.00

8. Fodder production 3,532 16.6 40 40 40 40 176.60

9. Construction of rat-proof godown for storage of CGM

14 3.769 15.076 15.076 11.307 7.538 52.77

10. Skill Dev. training of farmer on milk sector, meat sector, egg sector & fodder sector (No)

40 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 35.20

11. Strengthening of publicity/extension wing of ARDD (No)

9 0 10 20 5 10 45.00

12. Construction of poultry sheds (No) 76 76 76 0 0 0 152.00

13. Strengthening of cattle farm at R K Nagar (No)

1 0 200 0 0 0 200.00

14. Construction of Dist. Vety. Medicine Store

1 0 0 0 0 50 50.00

15. Animal diseases and surveillance facility (No)

1 50 0 0 0 0 50.00

16. Strengthening of animal vaccination programme (No)

2,846,382 14.23 14.23 14.23 0 0 42.69

17. Fodder kit distribution (no) 80 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 2.56

18. Construction of brooder house (No) 32 0 160 160 160 160 640.00

19. Strengthening of pig breeding farm under state/TTAADC (No)

2 0 0 100 100 0 200.00

20. Strengthening of all government farms related to ARDD

60 161 221.00

Total 955.30 1,296.86 980.86 1,027.86 1,130.09 5,390.97

Fishery

CHAPTER 8

8.1 IntroductionPractice of fish culture plays a unique role in the socio-economic life of the people of Tripura. It is not only an important source of protein but also generates income and employment for the people engaged in this sector. This sector is directly concerned with the poor people of the state. Hence, economic disability is one of the major constraints in the adoption of scientific fish culture in the state.

The data on the fishery resources and fish production is collected from 1997 onwards. The total water area and fish production is increasing in the state at a faster rate from the year 2002–03 onwards. This may be due to the initiatives taken by the Government of Tripura at the time to attain self–sufficiency in fish production by 2012 which gave more emphasis towards horizontal

expansion of water areas as well as to increasing fish production in the state. Adoption of scientific fish culture in most of the water bodies resulted in increase in fish production in the state. Table 8.1 and Annexure A2 provide status of area and fish production during the year 2012–13 in the state of Tripura.

Tripura has only inland fisheries without any marine or brackish water resources. More than 95 per cent of tribal and non-tribal people are fish eater, either in fresh or dry form, which creates a huge demand of fish in the state. The state Department of Fisheries took a perspective plan in the year 2003–04 to make the state self-sufficient in fish production by 2012, with a target to produce 13 Kg/head/year and the state was able to achieve this target by 2010–11 from 5.9 Kg/head/year in 2003–04. Afterward, post-perspective plan target is to increase fish production by 1 kg/head/year to reach

Table 8.1: Fish production in Tripura 2013–14Fish Production (MT) Area under Fisheries (hectare)

Capture Fish Culture Fisheries Imported Fish Capture Culture Total Area

North 185.35 6,650.45 8,315.92 337 3,021.85 3,358.85

Unakoti 119.86 4,888.63 5,768 254.33 1,979.27 2,233.6

Dhalai 452.08 8,589.41 10,099.94 2,335.85 3,811.44 6,147.29

Khowai 56.67 7,822.67 9,107.44 614 2,805.76 3,419.76

West 103.05 6,287.94 9,564.11 917 2,483.14 3,400.14

Shipaijala 372.87 8,295.44 10,033.11 251.26 3,553.33 3,804.59

Gomti 277.07 9,884.32 11,479.13 2,947.51 4,538.97 7,486.48

South 50.4 7,222.89 8,777.19 221.81 3,144.94 3,366.75

Total 1,617.35 59,641.75 73,144.84 7,878.76 25,338.7 33,217.46

FINAL REPORT


20 Kg fish availability by the end of twelveth Five year Plan, that is 2016–17. Under this direction, the state fish production in 2013–14 was 59,641 MT against fish consumption of 82,315 MT, and the fish availability from own production was 16.34 Kg/head/year against fish consumption of 22.92 Kg. The state produces 45 per cent fish and rest 55 per cent fish are imported from Bangladesh and other indian states. By 2014–15, the state could produce 86 per cent fish.

Gomati district ranks first in both cultured and capture fishing area. In terms of production, Gomati ranks first while Unakoti ranks last.

8.2 Yield Gap in Fish ProductionYield gap in fish production as per 2012–13 data is given in Figure 8.1. The average fish yield in the state is 2,500 Kg/hectare. Of all the districts, Khowai is well ahead in fish yield with 2,916 Kg/hectare yield closely followed by West Tripura, Sepahijala, and Unakoti. However, North Tripura and South Tripura

have significantly high yield gap of 148 Kg/hectare and 121 Kg/hectare, respectively. Dhalai and Gomati districts have less than the average fish production as 78 per cent of the total area has productivity less than 100 kg/hectare (Figure 8.1). Table 8.2 provides district-wise status of fisheries in Tripura.

The presently available post-harvest facilities for fishery in the state are very limited and are of preliminary nature. The viable fishermen co-operative societies and self-help groups (SHGs) are being assisted to develop post-harvest infrastructure and transportation facilities, such as setting up of ice plant, modern fish selling stall, retail vending kiosks, supply of mini truck, etc. Nine mini trucks have been supplied to nine co-operative societies and seven visi cooler supplied to SHGs. Besides, training in preparation of value–added products from fish, such as fish pickle, fish cutlet, fish finger, etc., have been organized for the members of SHG and co-operative societies (fisher women groups).

8.3 Constraints and StrategiesConstraints in fish production are provided in Table 8.3.

8.4 Strategies 1. Utilization of all presently available as well as

new aqua resources created/reclaimed under other development programmes of the state for scientific culture.

2. Optimum increase in productivity from culture ponds in the state to boost overall fish production of the state from cultured fishery resources.

3. Encouraging farmers for adoption of frontline scientific fish culture technology, viz. feed-based intensive culture, hi-tech culture by using aerator, culture-based capture in big water bodies, integrated fish farming, etc., to obtain more production and fetch additional income from a unit area.

4. Increased emphasis on skill upgradation and capacity building of fish farmers through effective training on scientific farming.

5. Encouraging farmers on breeding and culture of alternate varieties of fish viz Magur, prawn, pabda, tilapia etc. in fish farming.

6. Strengthening of existing extension support system of the Department and development of necessary infrastructure for production and marketing of fish and fish seed.

Figure 8.1: Average Yield, Expected Yield, and Gap Analysis

Figure 8.2: Distribution of Yield Gap from different areas of the state of Tripura

FINAL REPORT

131FISHERY

Tab

le 8

.2: S

tate

sum

mar

y re

port

of

cult

ured

fis

hery

res

ourc

es o

f th

e st

ate

of T

RIP

UR

A f

or t

he p

erio

d 20

13–1

4

N

os. o

f Fa

rmer

sN

o.of

Po

nds

Area

of

Pond

Pon

d Fi

sh

Prod

Pond

Se

ed

Prod

Pond

Pr

n Pr

ob

Nos

. of

MB

Are

a of

M

B M

B Fi

sh

Prod

MB

Seed

Pr

od

MB

prn

Prod

Tot

al

(Pon

d +

MB)

Tota

l Ar

eaTo

tal F

ish

Prod

Tota

l Se

ed

Prod

Tota

l Pr

nSu

ppl.

Feed

Wes

t

Trip

ura

20,5

9220

,712

2,20

8.02

5,62

6,67

525

4.43

2,06

41,

121

275.

1266

1,26

11.

1462

521

,833

2,48

3.14

6,28

7,93

625

5.57

2,68

91,

708,

113

Nor

th

Trip

ura

21,9

0618

,001

1,81

4.23

4,03

3,70

415

0.93

875

5,56

21,

207.

622,

616,

749

15.7

499

23,5

633,

021.

856,

650,

453

166.

631,

374

3,38

0,60

6

Sout

h

Trip

ura

27,0

4426

,658

2,41

9.09

5,75

8,56

323

3.19

4,54

43,

328

725.

851,

464,

331

15.6

557

29,9

863,

144.

947,

222,

894

248.

844,

601

959,

327.

9

Dha

lai

22,0

1613

,162

1,47

0.87

3,46

9,46

817

4.79

3,52

810

,788

2,34

0.57

5,11

9,94

467

.74

1,62

623

,950

3,81

1.44

8,58

9,41

224

2.53

5,15

41,

363,

841

Una

koti

14,0

3611

,333

1,12

0.84

2,87

1,68

716

9.21

1,64

44,

013

858.

432,

016,

931

36.8

269

915

,346

1,97

9.27

4,88

8,62

820

6.03

2,34

31,

240,

105

Khow

ai19

,518

16,2

121,

525.

684,

278,

662

278.

291,

366

5,70

21,

280.

083,

544,

006

59.7

511

721

,914

2,80

5.76

7,82

2,66

833

81,

483

1,64

2,43

9

Ship

aija

la24

,880

23,7

362,

827.

446,

875,

256

736.

11,

769

3,05

972

5.89

1,42

0.18

230

.532

26,7

953,

553.

338,

295,

438

766.

61,

801

5,16

7,71

3

Gom

ti23

,158

18,1

962,

630.

645,

808,

645

926.

551,

465

8,20

71,

908.

334,

075,

676

143.

238

626

,403

4,53

8.96

9,88

4,32

11,

069.

761,

851

1,31

2,28

3

Tota

l17

3,15

014

8,01

016

,016

.81

38,7

22,6

602,

923.

517

,255

41,7

809,

321.

8920

,919

,080

370.

54,

041

189,

790

25,3

38.7

59,6

41,7

503,

294

21,2

9616

,774

,428

7. Ornamental fish and prawn culture should be intensified with a vision to increase income of the marginal farmers.

8. Encouraging SHGs/educated youths for production of both sinking and floating pelleted fish feed in commercial manner.

9. Availability of adequate and timely credit from financial institutions specially under KCC. Side by side, alternate credit delivery mechanisms such as SHGs need be promoted for facilitating small fish farmers to avail credit.

Table 8.3: Constraint in fish production

Fisheries

• Acidic nature of soil. • Average size of cultivable aqua-

resources i.e. ponds/tanks are very small (0.07–0.10 hectare) and mostly (above 40 per cent) non-perennial in nature.

• People are not ready for diversification of fish varieties and are more interested in rearing only common ones.

• More than 80 per cent fish farmers are not in a position to undertake proper scientific culture due to financial inability.

• Less application of inputs (feed, manures, etc.) in fish farming due to lack of proper awareness as well as non-availability of inputs in rural markets at affordable price.

• Underutilization of newly created/reclaimed water bodies in scientific fish culture and big water bodies due to less flow of fund in the sector.

• Weak infrastructure facilities for production of fish and fish seed in Government and Private sector including icing, transportation and marketing of fish and fish seed.

• Inadequate availability of the seed of high-value species, including fresh water prawn, pabda, magur, etc.

• In sufficient bank credit through KCC in fisheries development.

• Poor maintenance and utilization of the water bodies with other department including panchayat ponds.

• Lack of knowledge in frontline commercial farming technology and entrepreneurship development among the farmers/SHGs in fisheries sector.

• Fish are more prone to diseases in winter but adequate assistance is not provided by government.

• Siltation of many water bodies including Dumbur reservoir.

FINAL REPORT


10. Inter-departmental and inter-institutional collaborations for increase in water bodies, adopting integrated fish farming, and coverage of more areas under insurance schemes in the state.

8.5 Budget Requirements for Fishery for 2015–20

Total outlay for the fishery sector is Rs. 223.3 crore for the plan year 2015–20. District-wise and year-wise details are provided in Table 8.4.

8.6 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna Projects Recommended for Fisheries/Aquaculture Schemes

Increase in productivity and production of fish through promotion of fishery-based farming system.

Practive of fish culture plays a unique role in the socio-economic life of the people of Tripura. It is not only an important source of protein but also generates income and employment for the people engaged in this sector. This sector directly concerns the poor people of the state. At, though aquaculture is now a popular enterprise in the state, a major part of available aquaculture resources are still not being utilized for scientific fish culture. They thus, remain highly under productive. This necessitates taking appropriate steps for increasing fish productivity as well as production through proper utilization of frontline scientific fish culture in all available aquaculture resources, according to the capacity of the farmers and suitability of locality. Survey data of available aquaculture

Table 8.4: Financial allocation (in crore) of various districts of Tripura under FisheryDistrict 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 5.4 5.94 6.53 7.19 7.9 32.96

Gomati 6.48 7.12 7.84 8.62 9.48 39.54

Khowai 4.55 5 5.5 6.05 6.66 27.76

North 4.32 4.75 5.23 5.75 6.32 26.37

Sipahijala 5.04 5.54 6.1 6.7 7.38 30.76

South 4.32 4.75 5.23 5.75 6.32 26.37

Unakoti 2.88 3.17 3.48 3.83 4.21 17.57

West 3.6 3.96 4.35 4.79 5.27 21.97

Tripura 36.59 40.23 44.26 48.68 53.54 223.3

resources and production obtained during 2013–14 revealed three distinct categories of fish farmers in the state. They were.

• Those obtaining per hectare productivity of less than 1,000 Kg per hectare: 5.84 per cent (no.), 6.88 per cent (area)

• Those obtaining per hectare productivity of above 1,000 Kg but below 2,000 Kg per hectare: 10.50 per cent (no.), 13.12 per cent (area)

• Those obtaining per ha productivity of above 2000 kg per ha. – 83.66 % (No.), 80.00%(Area)

Keeping in mind that Department interventions would vary among these three categories of farmers, a comprehensive approach for implementation of the under-mentioned activities are proposed to be taken with the financial assistance of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) for enhancement of fish production in the state and also for overall development of the sector during the period 2015–16 to 2019–20.

A. Production Oriented Programme. 1. Demonstration on feed-based fish culture technology2. Utilization of big water bodies for culture-based

capture fisheries3. Pisciculture in newly created/reclaimed water bodies4. Skill upgradation of fish farmers5. Diversification of aqua culture6. Popularization of integrated fish farming7. Production of stunted growth fingerlings

B. Infrastructure Development1. Establishment of mini fish feed plan in private Sector2. Establishment of technology dissemination centre

at block level

FINAL REPORT

133FISHERY

3. Popularization of Magur and Pabda breeding in captivity using low-cost hatchery

4. Installation of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP)hatcheries for quality seed production in private Sector

5. Intensification on use of aerator in fish culture6. Setting of flake ice plant7. Establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis

and soil-water testing8. Development of village knowledge centre9. Upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries10. Construction of hygienic market shed for fish sale11. Construction of fish seed market

Production-Oriented Programmes

1. Demonstration on feed based-fish culture technology

Majority of the populace of the state are fish eaters. Though, several initiatives have been taken by the Department, still there is a vast gap between demand and supply of fish in the state of Tripura. This necessitates import of fish from other parts of the country and the resultant huge drainage of fund. It is thus essential to overcome the present deficit of fish in the state through appropriate utilization of available aqua- resources and technologies for getting better fish production from each unit area. Keeping this in view, demonstration of feed-based intensive fish culture technology is proposed to be initiated in the state in extensive manner, which envisages production of minimum 6,000 Kg/hectare, through increased rate of feeding and multiple stocking of stunted growth fingerlings during the coming five

years under RKVY programme. Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement of this component is depicted in Table 8.5.

2. Utilization of big water bodies for culture based capture fisheries

The state possesses a substantial area under large water bodies beyond 2 hectare. These fisheries have so far remained under utilized for scientific fish culture mainly due to want of plan funds for supports under intensive extensive fish culture. Such water bodies are mostly with the fishermen cooperative societies & SHGs. Better utilization of these vast but poorly utilized available resources for culture-based capture fisheries would definitely add considerable increase to the fish production basket of the state. It would be appropriate that required fund for the purpose is provided under RKVY to facilitate bring about 562 hectare water areas per/year under scientific culture for raising the production at least to double. A total of Rs. 1,057 lakh has been proposed for this scheme under RKVY (Table 8.6)

3. Pisciculture in newly created/reclaimed water bodies

Creation of new water bodies and reclamation of existing small tanks, ponds, water harvesting tanks are being implemented in the state under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee (MGNREGA) every year. These water bodies are mainly fed by surface run off from local catchment areas during monsoon and are ideally suited for fish production. Adopting culture- based fisheries with advanced fingerlings and inputs can bring these water bodies

Table: 8.5 Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for demonstration on feed-based fish culture technology (Rs. in lakhs)

Demonstration on Feed-Based Fish Culture Technology

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

West -- 18 18 18 18 -- 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 36..00

Shepahijala -- 14 14 14 14 -- 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 28.00

Khowai -- 12 12 12 12 -- 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 24.00

North -- 18 18 18 18 -- 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 36.00

Unakoti -- 6 6 6 6 -- 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 12.00

South -- 16 16 16 16 -- 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 32.00

Gomti -- 16 16 16 16 -- 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 32.00

Dhalai -- 16 16 16 16 -- 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 32.00

TOTAL -- 116 116 116 116 -- 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 232.00

FINAL REPORT


Table 8.6: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for the item on utilization of big water bodies for culture-based capture fisheries (Rs. in lakhs)

Utilization of “Big water bodies” for culture Based Capture fisheries (hectare)

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

West 57.88 57.88 57.88 57.88 57.88 21.732 21.732 21.732 21.732 21.732 108.66

Shepahijala 62.40 62.40 62.40 62.40 62.40 23.465 23.465 23.465 23.465 23.465 117.325

Khowai 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 24.34 9.17 9.17 9.17 9.17 9.17 45.85

North 54.50 54.50 54.50 54.50 54.50 20.49 20.49 20.49 20.49 20.49 102.45

Unakoti 60.05 60.05 60.05 60.05 60.05 22.586 22.586 22.586 22.586 22.586 112.93

South 100.61 100.61 100.61 100.61 100.61 37.958 37.958 37.958 37.958 37.958 189.79

Gomti 144.93 144.93 144.93 144.93 144.93 54.559 54.559 54.559 54.559 54.559 272.795

Dhalai 57.29 57.29 57.29 57.29 57.29 21.56 21.56 21.56 21.56 21.56 107.80

TOTAL 562.00 562.00 562.00 562.00 562.00 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 1,057.60

under scientific fish culture for enhancement of fish production in the state. It can also support substantial increase in productivity. Per unit area for upliftment of the economic status of farmers. As per new guidelines of MGNREGA, the water areas could only be created/reclaimed under man-days generation programme of MGNREGA and the inputs for undertaking pisciculture in such newly created/reclaimed water bodies is to be provided through convergence from other schemes and not from MGNREGA. It thus necessitates funding from other sources, such as RKVY, for bringing these water bodies under culture enhancement of productivity and sustainable growth of fisheries in the state. During the next five years, it is expected that about 5,000 hectare of new water bodies would be created/reclaimed under MGNREGA fund. It is thus proposed that with assistance of RKVY atleast 894 hectare water bodies be brought

Table 8.7: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for pisciculture in newly created/reclaimed waterbodies (Rs. in lakhs)

Piscisulture in Newly Created/Reclaimed Waterbodies

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

West 14.00 29.80 29.80 29.80 29.80 15.25 32.482 32.482 32.482 32.482 145.178

Shepahijala 14.00 29.80 29.80 29.80 29.80 15.25 32.482 32.482 32.482 32.482 145.178

Khowai 10.60 22.56 22.56 22.56 22.56 11.544 24.59 24.59 24.59 24.59 109.904

North 12.50 26.60 26.60 26.60 26.60 13.615 28.994 28.994 28.994 28.994 129.591

Unakoti 4.00 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 4.36 9.265 9.265 9.265 9.265 41.42

South 13.50 28.72 28.72 28.72 28.72 14.715 31.304 31.304 31.304 31.304 139.931

Gomti 11.80 25.10 25.10 25.10 25.10 12.852 27.36 27.36 27.36 27.36 122.292

Dhalai 13.60 28.92 28.92 28.92 28.92 14.814 31.523 31.523 31.523 31.523 140.906

TOTAL 94.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 102.40 218.00 218.00 218.00 218.00 974.40

under scientific fish culture to facilitate increase in fish production with a budget recomendation of Rs. 974 lakh (Table 8.7).

4. Skill upgradation of fish farmers

Skill upgradation is an important component of any production-oriented activity. Increasing fish yield levels from the existing ponds and tanks and to bring new areas under aquaculture are adversely impacted as the technical skills of the farmers are inadequate. Therefore, to meet this important requirement of human resource development in fresh water aquaculture, it is important to train the farmers in various technologies for fish culture, seed production, feed manufacturing, and post harvest processing. Separate training programmes are proposed to be developed for the development of

FINAL REPORT

135FISHERY

fish farmers with special emphasis on tribal people & women fish farmers. Year-wise break-up is depicted in Table 8.8.

5. Diversification of aqua culture.

In Tripura, people prefer rearing major Indian carps such as rohu, catla, mrigal and exotic carps such as silver carp, grass carp, and common carp, etc. So, it is essential to diversify present day aquaculture by introducing alternate, commercially important species as well as genetically improved varieties. It would serve

Table 8.8: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement of skill upgradation of farmers (50 farmers per batch) (Rs. in lakhs)

Skill Upgradation of Farmers (50 Farmers per Batch)

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

West 18 18 18 18 18 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 29.250

Shepahijala 14 14 14 14 14 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 22.750

Khowai 12 12 12 12 12 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 19.500

North 18 18 18 18 18 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 29.250

Unakoti 6 6 6 6 6 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 9.750

South 16 16 16 16 16 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 26.000

Gomti 16 16 16 16 16 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 26.000

Dhalai 16 16 16 16 16 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 26.000

Total 116 116 116 116 116 37.70 37.70 37.70 37.70 37.70 188.500

Table 8.9: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for diversification of aquaculture (unit area 0.08 hectare) (Rs. in lakhs)

Diversification of Aquaculture Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West Prawn/Tilapia 36 36 36 36 36 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 36.00

Pabda/Magur 36 36 36 36 36 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 36.00Shepahijala Prawn/Tilapia 28 28 28 28 28 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 28.00

Pabda/Magur 28 28 28 28 28 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 28.00Khowai Prawn/Tilapia 24 24 24 24 24 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 24.00

Pabda/Magur 24 24 24 24 24 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 24.00 North Prawn/Tilapia 36 36 36 36 36 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 36.00

Pabda/Magur 36 36 36 36 36 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 36.00Unakoti Prawn/Tilapia 12 12 12 12 12 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 12.00

Pabda/Magur 12 12 12 12 12 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 12.00South Prawn/Tilapia 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00

Pabda/Magur 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00Gomti Prawn/Tilapia 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00

Pabda/Magur 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00Dhalai Prawn/Tilapia 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00

Pabda/Magur 32 32 32 32 32 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 32.00Total 464 464 464 464 464 92.80 92.80 92.80 92.80 92.80 464.00

dual purpose of increased profitability and conservation of threatened species. Breeding and propagation, including culture of such high value species viz. pabda (Ompok pabda), Punitus (Puntius sarana), Talapia (Oreochromis niloticus), magur (clarius batracus), moka (Amblypharyngodon mola), Koi (Anabas testudineus) etc., are very much required. During the next five years, it is recommended for coverage of a total area of 185.60 ha under diversification of aquaculture with the financial outlay of Rs. 464.00 lakh @ Rs. 250,000/ha as per detail given in Table 8.9.

FINAL REPORT


6. Popularization of integrated fish farming

Increasing pressure is gradually building upon our limited land and water resources, and as such a marked shift is being observed away from traditional farming approaches. Diversification and intensification of farm units are characteristic features of the recent trend. Synergic integrated approach of farming is becoming increasingly popular, which allows integration of complementary and supplementary farming systems. Pig rearing is a prevalent activity among the tribals of the state. Pig-cum-fish culture is such a farming system for optimum utilization of available resources with relatively lower input cost, more secured income potential and jobs. Thus, it is essential to popularize scientific technology on Pig-cum-fish farming among the tribal community of the state for enhancement

Table 8.10: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for popularization on integrated fish farming (Rs. in lakhs)

Popularization on Integrated Fish Farming Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West 8 32 32 32 32 3.20 12.80 12.80 12.80 12.80 54.40

Shepahijala 6 24 24 24 24 2.40 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 40.80

Khowai 8 32 32 32 32 3.20 12.80 12.80 12.80 12.80 54.40

North 6 24 24 24 24 2.40 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 40.80

Unakoti 2 8 8 8 8 0.80 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 13.60

South 4 16 16 16 16 1.60 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 27.20

Gomti 6 24 24 24 24 2.40 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 40.80

Dhalai 10 40 40 40 40 4.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 68.00

Total 50 200 200 200 200 20.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 340.00

of productivity from ponds and also to increase and fish production for bridging down the demand and supply gap of the state as well as making the live stock sub-sector an instrument for poverty reduction and insurance for economic security. Details of physical and financial outlay for integrated fish farming in the state during present five year plan (2015–16 to 2019–20) has been given in Table 8.10.

7. Production of Stunted Growth Fingerlings

Quality fish seed is considered as crucial input in aquaculture enterprise, and its timely availability is an essential prelude to any aquaculture. Stocking of fish seed in the form of stunted fingerling are known to perform better as stocking materials because inhibited growth factor of such fingerlings is unleashed the

Table 8.11: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for production of stunted growth fingerlings (Rs. in lakhs)

Production of Stunted Growth Fingerlings Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West 10 35 40 40 40 3.00 10.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 49.50

Shepahijala 7 24 27 27 27 2.10 7.20 8.10 8.10 8.10 33.60

Khowai 8 28 32 32 32 2.40 8.40 9.60 9.60 9.60 39.60

North 8 28 32 32 32 2.40 8.40 9.60 9.60 9.60 39.60

Unakoti 5 17 20 20 20 1.50 5.10 6.00 6.00 6.00 24.60

South 7 26 28 28 28 2.10 7.80 8.40 8.40 8.40 35.10

Gomti 6 21 21 21 21 1.80 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.30 27.00

Dhalai 10 35 40 40 40 3.00 10.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 49.50

Total 61 214 240 240 240 18.30 64.20 72.00 72.00 72.00 298.50

FINAL REPORT

137FISHERY

moment they are stocked in culture ponds at a much less stocking rate with normal rate of feeding and result in maximum return to the farmers. Thus, popularization on production of stunted growth fingerlings among the farmers is perhaps a logical approach for enhancement of production, and productivity of ponds for bridging the demand and supply gap of the state, as well as making poverty reduction and economic security. A scheme total of Rs. 298.50 lakh has been proposed for this (Table 8.11).

B. Infrastructure Development1. Establishment of mini fish feed plant in Private Sector

Fishery is very important economic activity in Tripura. Feed is the most important component and costliest (60 to 70 per cent) in scientific fish culture for increasing productivity. Thus, for enhancement of fish production in the state, fish feed production should be given a specific attention, taking into account dependency of people on fisheries and related activities. Enhanced production of fish feed is planned during five-year period. SHGs should be trained for fish feed production as well as fish pellet production. Since 2004–05, ninteen fish feed manufacturing plants have been established in

Table 8.12: Financial outlay for establishment of mini fishfeed plant at private sector

Fish Feed Plant Units Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

North -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- -- 20.00

West -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- -- 20.00

Gomati -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 20.00

South -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 20.00

Total -- 2 -- -- 2 -- 40.00 -- -- 40.00 80.00

the state for preparing and supplying balanced fish feed. Of these, nine are owned and operated by SHGs and two by fishermen cooperative societies. One all-women SHG is operating one such plant. Hence, there is need to further enhance number of feed-producing units to cater to the actual demand of feed in the state. The physical targets and financial outlay for the financial assistance of RKVY is given in Table 8.12.

2. Establishment of technology dissemination centre at block level

Technology dissemination in the form of training and demonstration alone can bring a desirable change in knowledge, skill, and attitude of farming community, which can help tremendously in enhancing fish production through effective utilization of resources. But, the required infrastructure facilities are inadequate in number in the state and need further expansion on priority basis. Thus, strengthening of extension support system of the Department through establishing infrastructure facilities in the form of technology dissemination centre at block level are felt essential for the development of the sector. Five Technology dissemination centres has been proposed for the state (Table 8.13) with total budget of Rs. 300 lakh.

Table 8.13: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for establishment of technology dissemination centre at block level (Rs. in lakhs)

Setting Up of a Training/Demonstration Sites Financial OutlayDistricts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Gomati -- 1 -- -- -- -- 60.00 -- -- -- 60.00

Khowai -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 60.00 60.00

North -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 60.00 60.00

South -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 60.00 -- -- 60.00

West 1 -- -- -- -- 60.00 -- -- -- -- 60.00

Total 1 1 1 1 1 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 300.00

FINAL REPORT


3. Popularization of magur and pabda breeding in captivity using low cost hatchery

Among commercially important fresh water fish pabda and magur are widely preferred by the people of the state for consumption for its taste. Besides, due to its high market value and shorter gestation durati the farmers often prefer farming pabda and magur thereby facilitating quicker turnover and profit generation. But, the farmers regularly suffer for undertaking its cultivation for want of its seed. The task for supply of seed of pabda and magur seeds are mainly vested with state department because only the state department has been successfully conducting the breeding programme of Pabda & magur fish in its five Department hatcheries located in different districts. But the numbers of seed produced in the departmental hatcheries are quite insufficient for the whole state. It is thus essential to encourage the farmers for production of these species in low-cost plastic hatcheries along with facilities for production of live feed for pabda and magur, which would facilitate its seed availability throughout the state and thus help in increase of production of magur and pabda fish in the state Table 8.14 gives details about physical and financial outlay for setting up hatcheries in the state.

4. Installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in private sector

Availability of quality seeds of cultivable fresh water fish species are the most crucial inputs for intensification of fish production. The earlier part of the twentieth century witnessed carp seed collection from reverine resources by adopting different devices and collection methods. Induced breeding in captivity by administrating carp fish pituitary extract was started in the state 1965 onwards. From that period till date, most of the seed growers carried out breeding of carps, hatching of eggs, and rearing of hatchling up to spawn stage in rectangular hapa made of cloth. In the hapa system, the entire operations were weather depended and subject to various environmental hazards and drawbacks for commercial seed production. Now, time has come to encourage private farmers for conducting breeding and hatching programme of Indian Major Carps (IMC) in FRP carp hatcheries for quantitative and qualitative increase of carp fish seed production to the desired level through replacement of hapa hatcheries by modernized FRP hatcheries and for more income generation.

Keeping this in mind, it is proposed to established eight FRP hatcheries every year as per detail given in the Table 8.15.

5. Intensification on use of aerator in fish culture

Intensification in fish culture to produce more fish from limited water areas is being presently advocated throughout the world. Keeping this in mind, all out efforts have made laid by the department to bring the whole cultureable resources of the state under scientific fish culture for optimum production to fulfill the gap between demand and supply of fish for its 95 per cent fish-eating population. But with the limitation of further horizontal expansion of cultureable resources, it is essential that all possible measures are adopted to enhance the productivity.

The state has already initiated a programme of intensification in fish culture through hi-tech method in twelveth plan period. Aerators are being used under this programme for better oxygenation and increased fish growth in the culture ponds. It has been experienced that about 25 per cent to 40 per cent increase in fish production could be possible in the pond where aerator are used. It is proposed to provide 150 aerator to the farmers who have already obtained per hectare productivity of more than 2,000 Kg/hectare in the state and for increasing their production at least to the tune of 3,000 Kg/hectare/per annum from the existing tank (Table 8.16).

6. Setting of flake ice plantFish is a highly perishable commodity, requiring well-develop and efficient infrastructure facilities for landing, handling, processing, preservation, marketing, and distribution chains. There is a high demand of fish in the state but due to absence of refrigeration facility, it may result into post-harvest losses and give rise to a situation of surplus fish in rural market of the state. Thus, availability of cold storage or flak ice plant for preservation of fish is one of the most essential prerequisites for storage and marketing of fish in hygienic condition. At present, though a network of short-term preservation facilities are available in the urban markets of the state, the scenario of the rural markets are very poor. In the rural area of the state, fish is mainly sold in big quantities two ice a week. The quantity of fish unsold deteriorates by the time it reaches the consumer on the next day because fish requires cold chain arrangement to maintain its quality and extend its shelf-life if consumption is not meant immediately after harvest. In absence of ice plant or a cold storage and related cold chain facilities, the

FINAL REPORT

139FISHERY

Table: 8.14 Physical & Financial outlay for Popularization of Magur and Pabda Breeding in captivity using low cost hatchery.is as follows :- (Rs. In lakhs)

Popularization of Magur and Pabda Breed-ing in captivity using Low cost hatchery

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

West 3 3 3 3 3 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00

Shepahijala 2 2 2 2 2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00

Khowai 2 2 2 2 2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00

North 3 3 3 3 3 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00

Unakoti 2 2 2 2 2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00

South 3 3 3 3 3 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00

Gomti 3 3 3 3 3 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00

Dhalai 2 2 2 2 2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00

TOTAL 20 20 20 20 20 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00

Table : 8.15 Financial outlay for installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in pvt. Sector is as follows : (Rs. In lakhs)

Installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in pvt. Sector

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

West 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

Shepahijala 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

Khowai 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

North 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

Unakoti 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

South 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

Gomti 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

Dhalai 1 1 1 1 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 17.50

TOTAL 8 8 8 8 8 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 140.00

Table : 8.16 Financial outlay for Intensification on use of Aerator in fish would be: (Rs. In lakhs) Intensification on use of Aerator in fish Culture Financial Outlay

Districts 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-192019-20

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

West 25 25 25 25 25 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00

Shepahijala 25 25 25 25 25 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00

Khowai 15 15 15 15 15 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

North 10 10 10 10 10 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 20.00

Unakoti 10 10 10 10 10 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 20.00

South 25 25 25 25 25 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00

Gomti 25 25 25 25 25 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00

Dhalai 15 15 15 15 15 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 30.00

TOTAL 150 150 150 150 150 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 300.00

FINAL REPORT


farmers are forced to sell their produce immediately after harvest, which results in localized glut situations in a small rural market and low price realization. Sometime farmers do not even get their harvesting and transportation costs. As a result, our production of fish is not getting stabilized. It is thus felt to provide at least two flak ice plant in two Districts in the coming years with a total cost of Rs. 200 lakh (Table 8.17).

7. Establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis and Soil–Water testing

A series of programme are being implemented as a part of planed activities towards overall development of fisheries sector in the state. Massive extension programme at grass root level are at present hampered due to lack of basic infrastructure in the state. The department of fisheries is utilizing its staff to maximize the efforts for bringing more water areas in private sector under scientific fish culture. Side by side, campaigns are being launched not to keep any water bodies fallow in the state. Farmers are being motivated to test soil and water quality parameters of their tanks and for using quality balanced feed for getting more production from fish culture for more income generation.

But the infrastructure, such as laboratory for testing quality fish feed and soil and water testing facilities,

Table 8.17: Provision of flake ice plant for ice preservation of fish (Rs. in lakhs) Provision of Setting of Flake Ice Plant Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16 2016–172017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West -- --- -- -- 1 --- -- -- -- 100.00 100.00

Dhalai -- -- -- 1 --- -- -- -- 100.00 -- 100.00

Total --- -- -- 1 1 --- -- -- 100.00 100.00 200.00

presently available in the state, are inadequate in numbers, for recommendation of accurate dose of feeds, fertilizers, its ingredient percentage to the farmers for use in their water bodies. It is found that such feeds and fertilizers are being applied on eye estimates leading to misuse of inputs and expenditure. Thus, for all round development of fishery sector, setting up of fish feed analysis and soil–water testing facilities are felt essential for facilitating recommendations for accurate dose of feeds, fertilizers, its ingredient percentage to the farmers for use in their water bodies. Five such laboratories are recomunded for the state with a total budget of Rs. 150 lakh (Table 8.18).

8. Development of village knowledge centre.

The state is blessed with immensely rich aquatic fauna for augmenting aquaculture production. But utilization of the same in proper scientific manner is still meager. The main causes of such low production of fish in the state have been identified as inadequate knowledge on scientific fish culture technology among the farmers, and proper coordination between researches institute/expert and technology users.

Required infrastructure facilities at the village level are scanty in numbers and resulting lack of coverage among masses under effective training programme at village level on scientific fish culture technology is

Table 8.18: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis and soil–water testing: (Rs. in lakhs)

Establishment of laboratories for Fish Feed Analysis and Soil–Water testing

Financial Outlay

Districts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

West 1 -- -- -- -- 30.00 -- -- -- -- 30.00

Shepahijala -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 30.00 -- 30.00

Khowai -- -- 1 --- -- -- -- 30.00 -- -- 30.00

South 1 -- -- -- -- 30.00 -- -- -- -- 30.00

Dhalai -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 30.00 --- -- 30.00

Total 2 -- 2 1 -- 60.00 -- 60.00 30.00 -- 150.00

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141FISHERY

ultimately hampering fish production in the state. Thus, strengthening of extension support system of the Department, through establishing village knowledge centers, are felt essential for the development of the sector. Details of physical targets and financial outlay of this scheme are provided in Table 8.19.

9. Upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries

Most of the existing hatcheries in the Government sector were created about 10–15 years back and have become deplorable in condition and require immediate maintenance in phased manner with expansion for raising more seed in one operation. It is thus, proposed to take upgradation and expansion works in phased manner with the assistance of RKVY during 2015 to 2019–20 as per detail depicted in Table 8.20.

10. Construction of hygienic fish market

Fish marketing is an important commercial aspect of

the fisheries sector encompassing all the business activities in the chain of flow of the produced fish from producer to consumers. Thus, establishment of local market plays a very crucial role in the development of the fishery sector in the state. Apart from minimizing post-harvest losses, it helps in increasing revenue, enhancing employment opportunities, and offers hygiene and sanitation, leading to food safety. The need for marketing facilities can be understood from the fact that there has been increase in fish production in the state from 17,980 MT to 57,450 MT during last few years. In the state more than 90 per cent fish catches is marketed in fresh condition and the remaining is utilized in the form of processed/dried product. But, the existing fish markets in the state are, in most cases, in very poor in condition with regard to sanitation and unhygienic drainage facilities. Availability of potable water, electricity, even shed and platform for sale of fish are in deplorable condition and

Table 8.19: Financial outlay for development of village knowledge centre (Rs. in lakhs)

Development of Village Knowledge Centre Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West 1 2 1 2 1 15.00 30.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 105.00

Shepahijala 1 1 1 1 2 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 30.00 90.00

Khowai 1 1 1 1 2 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 30.00 90.00

North 1 1 1 2 1 15.00 15.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 90.00

Unakoti 1 1 1 2 1 15.00 15.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 90.00

South 1 1 1 1 1 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 75.00

Gomti 1 2 2 1 1 15.00 30.00 30.00 15.00 15.00 105.00

Dhalai 1 1 2 1 1 15.00 15.00 30.00 15.00 15.00 90.00

Total 8 10 10 11 10 120.00 150.00 150.00 165.00 150.00 735.00

Table 8.20: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries (Rs. in lakhs)

Upgradation and Expansion of Existing Hatcheries

Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West -- 1 -- 1 1 -- 5.00 -- 5.00 5.00 15.00

Unakoti 1 -- -- 1 1 5.00 -- -- 5.00 5.00 15.00

South -- 1 -- -- 1 -- 5.00 -- -- 5.00 10.00

Gomti -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- 10.00 -- -- 10.00

Dhalai 1 -- -- -- 1 5.00 -- -- -- 5.00 10.00

Total 2 2 2 2 4 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 60.00

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Table 8.21: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for construction of hygienic fish market (Rs. in lakhs)

Construction of Hygenic Market Shed for Fish Sale

Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- 20.00

Shepahijala 1 -- -- -- 1 20.00 -- -- -- 20.00 40.00

Khowai -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- 20.00

North -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- -- 20.00

Unakoti -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- 20.00

South -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 20.00

Gomti 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- -- -- 20.00

Dhalai -- 1 -- -- -- -- 20.00 -- -- -- 20.00

Total 2 2 1 2 2 40.00 40.00 20.00 40.00 40.00 180.00

Table 8.22: Year-wise break-up of physical targets and financial involvement for construction of hygienic fish seed market (Rs. in lakhs)

Construction of Fish Seed Market Financial Outlay

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

West -- 1 -- -- -- -- 100.00 -- -- -- 100.00

North -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 100.00 -- -- 100.00

Total -- 1 1 -- -- -- 100.00 100.00 -- -- 200.00

inadequate. Thus, it is essential to construct/upgrade rural marketing infrastructures in a phased manner to improve the hygienic and sanitary conditions and also to reduce the post-harvest losses. Rs. 180 lakh has been recommended for the construction of nine such markets in the state (Table 8.21).

11. Construction of fish seed market

Fish culture has become a growing small scale industry in the state as the farmers of the state have realized that income generation from this sector is much more than the other allied agricultural sector. Resultant to it, fish production in the state has increased by many folds during last 10 years. Quality fish seed is the most important item and input for fish culture, and its timely availability is an essential prerequisite for aquaculture development. The state is surplus in fish seed production, and most of the seed required to fed the cultivable water bodies of the state are produced in the districts led by Gomati, followed by south, Sipaijala,

and West district. But due to lack of suitable seed market in the state, marketing chain has not yet developed and thus both seed growers as well as farmers are unable to derine proper benefit from it. This important input (fish seed) is mainly sold by the seed growers among the fish farmers in live condition—either in the farmers’ tank site or here and there in an un-organized manner. This necessitates establishment of fish seedling markets, at least one in each district, where both the fish seed traders and the farmers/cultivators can buy and sell the seedlings for the development of the sector. Details of this scheme are given in Table 8.22.

8.7 Budget for RKVY ProjectsFor the development of fishery sector in the state of Tripura, a total of 18 new schemes has been recommended with proposed budget of Rs. 6,000 lakh (Table 8.23) during the present five year plan (2015–16 to 2019-20).

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143FISHERY

Table 8.23: Financial allocation of Rs. 6,000 lakhs for fishery sector from the year 2015–16 to 2019–20 (Rs. in lakhs)

Sl. No.

Name of Programmes/ActivitiesPhysical Targets

Financial Outlay

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1 Establishment of mini-fish feed plant at private sector

4 -- 40.00 -- -- 40.00 80.00

2 Establishment of technology dissemination centre at block level

5 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.0 300.00

3 Popularization of magur and pabda breeding in captivity using low-cost hatchery

100 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00

4 Installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in private Sector

40 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 140.00

5 Intensification on use of aerator in fish culture

750 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 300.00

6 Setting of flake ice plant 2 -- -- -- 100.00 100.00 200.00

7 Establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis and soil–water testing

5 60.00 -- 60.00 30.00 -- 150.00

8 Development of village knowledge centre

49 120.00 150.00 150.00 165.00 150.00 735.00

9 Upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries

12 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 60.00

10 Construction of hygenic market shed for fish sale

9 40.00 40.00 20.00 40.00 40.00 180.00

11 Construction of fish seed market 2 -- 100.00 100.00 -- -- 200.00

12 Demonstration on feed based fish culture technology

464 -- 58 58 58 58 232.00

13 Utilization of “big water bodies” for culture-based capture fisheries (hectare)

2,805 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 1,057.60

14 Piscisulture in newly created/reclaimed waterbodies (hectares)

894 102.40 218.00 218.00 218.00 218.00 974.40

15 Skill upgradation of farmers (50 farmers per batch)

580 37.70 37.70 37.70 37.70 37.70 188.50

16 Diversification of aquaculture 2,320 92.80 92.80 92.80 92.80 92.80 464.00

17 Production of stunted growth fingerlings

995 18.30 64.20 72.00 72.00 72.00 298.50

18 Popularization on integrated fish farming

850 20.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 340.00

Total 880.72 1,270.22 1278.02 1,283.02 1,288.02 6,000.00

Infrastructure and Credit Plan

CHAPTER 9

9.1 MarketingTripura state has 21 regulated markets, 63 wholesale markets, and 470 primary rural markets, totalling to 554 markets in the state (Table 9.1).

Area-wise progress of market reforms as per major areas identified in model APMC Act in Tripura as on January 14, 2014 is provided at Table 9.2

Table 9.3 provides list of marketing constraints that have been identified in different districts of Tripura during Focussed Group Discussions (FGD).

Table 9.1: Marketing facilities (Number of various primary markets by subdivisions)Blocks Bi-weekly Daily Weekly Total

Amarpur 2 15 17

Bagafa 3 27 30

Bishalgarh 7 6 44 57

Chowmanu 7 1 1 9

Gandacherra 4 4

Jirania 1 14 15

Kanchanpur 9 12 21

Khowai 5 22 27

Kumarghat 11 29 40

Matabari 8 27 35

Melaghar 6 1 30 37

Mohanpur 7 1 30 38

Panisagar 13 21 34

Rajnagar 13 17 30

Salema 7 1 6 14

Satchand 11 19 30

Teliamura 9 23 32

Total 119 10 341 470

9.2 Projects Recommended under Rashtoriya Krishi Yojana (RKVY) for Marketing

Poor market and transport infrastructure hamper the prospects of the good crop production the and lead to price fluctuations. In some districts number of regulated markets is very less. Other problems are poor market linkage and lack of infrastructure to reach

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Table 9.2: Area-wise progress of market reforms as per major areas identified in the model APMC Act In Tripura as on January 14, 2014

S.N. Area of ReformsStates Adoption and the Suggested Area of Market Reforms

Whether provision mentioned in the state/UT APMC Act (yes/No)

Whether rules are notified for the area

1 Setting up of special market and special commodity market Yes, Section 4 & Sub-section 2

Not yet notified

2 Public private partnership (PPP) in market extension activities of market committee

No No

3 To promote and encourage e-trading, market committee may establish regulatory system, create infrastructure, and undertake other activities and steps needed thereto

No No

4 Secretary to be Chief Executive Officer of market committee.CEO shall be appointed by the market committee from the panel maintained by the director/board, which may include professionals from open market

Yes, Section 29 & Sub-section 1

No

5 Contract farming sponsor shall register himself with the marketing committee or with a prescribed officer in such a manner as may be prescribed

Yes, Section 4 & Sub-section 1 of Chapter IV A

No

6 The contract farming sponsor shall get the contract farming agreement recorded with the prescribed officer

Yes, Section 4 & Sub-section 2 of Chapter IV A

No

7 No title, rights, ownership, or professional shall be transferred or alienated or vest in the contract farming sponsor or his successor or his agent as a consequence arising out of contract farming agreement

Yes, Section 48 Sub- section 2 of Chapter IVA

No

8 Disputed settlement mechanism Yes, Section 48 Sub- section 2 of Chapter IVA

No

9 Exemption of market fee on the sales of contract farming sponsor taking place outside the market yard under the contract farming agreement

Yes, Section 4 & Sub-section 7

No

10 Specification of model agreement for contract farming Yes, Section 30A & Sub-section 30 B

No

11 Single point levy of market fee in the state No No

12 Single registration /license for trade/transaction in more than one market.

Yes, Section 30A & Sub-section-1

No

13 Establishment of private market yard/private markets managed by a person othern than a market committee

Yes No

14 Establishment of farmers/consumers market managed by a person other than a market committee (direct sale by the producer)

Yes No

15 Establishment of private yards and direct purchase of agricultural produce from agriculturist (direct purchasing from producer)

Yes No

16 Power to grant exemption from market fee by the state government No No

17 Setting up of separate market extension cell in the board, establishment of state agricultural produce marketing standard bureau

No No

18 Exemption of market fee on fruit and vegetable reform not concerned with model act, 2003

No No

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147INFRASTRUCTURE AND CREDIT PLAN

Table 9.3: Marketing constraints identified in different districts of Tripura

ConstraintsImproper marketing facility for farmers at the village level. This can be improved by setting up of marketing facilities at least at the gram panchayat level.Price fluctuations and no support price and buy back schemes on major crops.The state has not ratified all the suggestions made in the new model APMC Act.There lack of information network and information, communication, technology (ICT) has not been properly designed to create the backward and forward linkages of the agriculture produce.Lack of cold storages, warehouses, and procurement units.Improper marketing facility for farmers at the village level. This can be improved by setting up of the marketing facilities at least at the gram panchayat level.No support price or any buy back scheme for the agricultural produce.Price fluctuations and no support price and buy back schemes on major crops.Price fluctuation and no support price for the major cereal crops as well as no as buy back schemes.

Table 9.4: Numbers and financial outlay for provision of post-harvest and marketing infrastructure

Physical Targets in Numbers Outlay Financial Outlay (Rs in Lakhs)2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

Dhalai 1 12.5 0 0 0 12.5

West 1 12.5 0 0 0 12.5

Sepahijal 1 0 0 0 0 0

Khowai 1 0 0 0 0 0

Gomati 1 0 0 12.5 0 12.5

South 1 0 0 12.5 0 12.5

North 1 0 0 0 12.5 12.5

Unakoti 1 0 0 0 12.5 12.5

Tripura 2 2 2 2 25 25 25 25 100

nearby markets, lack of infromation technology, poorly designed ICT, these problems hinder the backward and forward linkages of agriculture produce.

Following strategies can be implemented to improve the marketing issues:

� Provide at least one regulated market in each district.

� There should be at least one agri-produce registered market in each block.

� Create backward and forward linkage using ICT. � Improve implementation of KCC. � Provide proper road connectivity particularly in

backward areas such as Damcherra in North Tripura. � APMC act should be fully ratified and improved. � Set up collection centres for vegetables. � Set up marketing facility at gram panchayat level.

� Provide more godowns and storage facilities. � Provide at least one modern rice mill in each district.

So, to overcome all these issues a target of total eight more post-harvest and marketing infrastructure is set up with financial outlay of 100 lakhs (Table 9.4).

9.3 Infrastructure, Processing and Storages

Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tripura, has been appointed as the nodal agency to implement various schemes of central and state government. It is playing a key role in industrial development of the state—both in terms of policy formulation and infrastructure development.

FINAL REPORT


StorageThere is need to provide storage facilities for the food grains, pulses, oilseed, and sand seeds. Tripura has a total food grain storage capacity (government warehouse) of only 46,130 MT, which is insufficient to cater to the total food grain production of the state.

Food processing The Government has set up a food park at Bodhjungnagar on 30 acres of land area, of which 20 acres have been earmarked for individual private units. Beside a Mega Food Park has been approved by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries in the state, which is being implemented by a project SPV of private entrepreneurs. The state government has made available about 50 acres of land at Tulukona (near Agartala) for this project. Recently, new units have come up in the food processing sector for modern rice milling, dairy processing, and biscuits.

To promote the industrial establishments in Tripura, the state government has formulated Tripura Industrial Investment Promotion Incentive Scheme 2012, effective from April 1, 2012 that shall remain in force for a period of five years ending on March 31, 2017.

Infrastructure constraintsLack of cold storage, warehouses, and procurement units

Processing constraints

� Lack of mechanized boilers and rubbersheller type in the rice mills.

� Non-awareness about the grading and packing of the agricultural produce.

� Lack of agro-processing units in the state and absence of industrial activity relating to food processing.

� Lack of awareness among entrepreneurs.

9.4 Strategies to Tackle the Production of Food Processing

1. Provide mechanized boiler and rubber shelter type in existing rice mills.

2. Provide at least one modern rice mill in each district.

3. Create awareness among entrepreneurs.4. Create value addition facilities.5. Provide facility for grading and packaging.6. Create awareness about grading and packaging.

9.5 Projects Recommended under RKVY for Infrastructure, Processing, and Storages

Demonstration unit for varietal developmentDemonstration unit for varietal development will be established in the state with a proposed budget of Rs. 53 lakhs. This unit will help to disseminate knowledge to the farmers about new varieties developed, their benefits, and farming practices required for these varieties.

Setting up Custom Hiring Centers (CHC)The farm power availability for small/marginal land holdings is the lowest. As the small/marginal holdings constitute 80 per cent of total land holdings, the potential for CHC that will cater to the farm machinery requirement of such a vast area is quite huge. CHCs are basically a unit comprising a set of farm machinery, implement, and equipment meant for custom hiring by farmers. Though certain implements and equipment are crop specific, the traction units, such as tractors, power tillers, etc., and self-propelled machinery, such as combine harvesters etc., are used in common. Therefore, an ideal model envisaged in this project comprise farm machinery that are commonly used for tillage operations for all crops, multi-crop equipment, and a minimum of crop-specific machinery.

Main objectives of CHC will be to make available various farm machinery/equipment to small and marginal farmers, to offset the adverse economies of scale due to high cost of individual ownership, to provide hiring services for various agricultural machinery/implements applied for different operations, to expand mechanized activities during cropping seasons in large areas especially in small and marginal holdings, and to provide hiring services for various high value crop specific machines applied for different

FINAL REPORT


operations. During the present plan period, a total budget of Rs. 920 lakh has been proposed for setting up 23 CHCs throughout the state.

Establishment of rural godownsIt is essential to provide the growers facilities for scientific storage so as to avoid produce deterioration during post-harvest period till the produce is withheld for marketing at appropriate time. Therefore, establishment of rural godowns will enable small and marginal farmers to increase their holding capacity, which will enable them to sell their produce at remunerative prices and avoid distress sales. In the state, there are 115 total food storage godowns in 57 different places with a storage capacity of 47,065 MT, among these, 74 godowns are for rice with a capacity of 37,383 MT and remaining 41 godowns are for salt with a capacity of 9,682 MT.

Furthermore, emphasis needs to be given for the establishment of more rural godowns in the rural areas thus a target of 8 more new go-down with financial outlay of 204 lakh has been set (Table 9.5).

Seed storage unitThere is a requirement of seed storage unit in the state, which can helpful in long-term storage of elite quality planting materials. We can recommend two such type facility in the state with the financial allocation of 51 lakh.

Table 9.5: Numbers and financial outlay for rural go-down

Number of unit Financial outlay (Rs. in lakhs)

Rural godown `25.5 lakh/unit 1 in 8 district each 204

Establishment of cold storage for fruits and vegetables The number of cold storages in the state are not sufficient and also lack sufficient number of warehouses and procurement units. Weaker post-harvest management, absence or negligible presence of modern marketing facilities such as cold storages/chains, pre-cooling, and waxing centers affect the shelf life of the fruits and vegetables and hampers horticulture. Need for establishment of cold storage facilities for the horticulture crops is urgently felt while doing FGDs in order to increase the durability of the perishable commodities. Also establishment of the fruit processing units to improve the economy by creating the value addition to the produce is crucial. There should be at least one cold storage in each agri sub division. Horticulture resources in the district provide an opportunity to establish production units such as wine, jam and jelly, pickles, pulp extraction pineapple, jackfruit, lemon, and banana. Cold storage units are very essential for storing horticultural produce. Arrangement of Rs. 50 lakh is made for a cold storage. The total amount of Rs. 300 lakh is made for the plan (Table 9.6).

Establishment of fruits and vegetable processing unitsEstablishment of fruit processing units to improve the economy by creating value addition is necessary.

Table 9.6: Financial allocation for cold storages in Tripura Cold storage Financial Allocation

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

Dhalai 1 50 0 0 50

West 0

Sepahijala 1 0 50 0 50

Khowai 0 0 0

Gomati 2 0 0 100 0 100

South 0 0 0 0

North 2 0 0 100 100

Unakoti 0 0 0

Tripura 1 1 2 2 50 50 100 100 300

FINAL REPORT


Also establishment of cold storage facilities for the horticulture crops increased the durability of the perishable commodities and establishment of dependent units and fruit processing plants help and improving the economy by creating value addition to the produce. The fund proposed for this is as follows.

Out of the total Rs. 1,250 lakh allotted for the plan, Rs. 250 lakh is allocated to fruits and vegetable processing units. The largest portion of the fund is allotted to South Tripura and 2nd largest allocation is for Gomati (Table 9.7).

Based on raw material availability in the state and adjoining areas, the following processable activities hold potential in the state (Table 9.8).

Establishment of soil testing lab and distribution of soil health cardsStrengthening of soil testing infrastructure facilities at the state and block level for comprehensive soil analysis

Table 9.7: Number and financial allocation for establishment of fruits and vegetable processing units

Physical Traget Financial allocation

Districts2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019– 20

Total

Dhalai 17 17 17 17 17 43 43 43 43 43 213

Gomati 15 15 15 15 15 37 37 37 37 37 184

Khowai 7 7 7 7 7 17 17 17 17 17 85

North 12 12 12 12 12 29 29 29 29 29 147

Sepahijala 9 9 9 9 9 23 23 23 23 23 116

South 26 26 26 26 26 66 66 66 66 66 329

Unkoti 10 10 10 10 10 25 25 25 25 25 127

West 4 4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 10 50

Total 100 100 100 100 100 250 250 250 250 250 1250

Table 9.8: List of processed products that can be derivedCrop Processed Products that may be derived

Wheat Noodles, flour (fortified), Biscuits and bakery, breakfast cereals and mixes

Maize Flour, cornflakes, corn meal, corn oil, starch and its derivatives (like glucose, starch)

Value addition for horticulture crops

Pineapple Juice, tidbit slice, jam, concentrates, IQF, fibre marmalade, cocktail syrup, preserved fresh, wax emulsion

Jackfruits Dehydrated, chips, pulp in syrup, osmo-air dried and wax emulsion

Litchi Juice, jam, syrup, concentrates, IQF, fruit cocktail in syrup

Banana Chips, pulp, concentrates, banana powder

Oranges Juice, jam, concentrate, marmalade, fruits cocktail in syrup

Potato Chips, papad, bhujia

and introduction of soil health cards and based on this analysis input should be supplied in the agro-stores. There should be provision for mobile soil testing vans in order to reach the remote ADC villages. There should be one soil testing lab in each district. Financial outlay planned for the plan period is of Rs. 400 lakh (Table 9.9).

Establishment of cold storage for storing fishAn amount Rs. 50 lakh has been allocated for a cold Storage for storing fish in the Khowai District.

9.6 Cooperative SocietiesRural development is influenced by multiple factors such, as natural resources, human resources, technology, and institutions and organizations including coperatives. A cooperative is a form of the organization that is widely prevalent in developing

FINAL REPORT


countries including India and has great potential as an instrument of rural development. Cooperative societies are founded on good intentions and they are seen to be critical for rural development in general as it helps create employment opportunities, and improve access to markets and social services.

As far as the status of cooperative societies in Tripura is concerned, out of total 1,748 cooperatives operational in the state, only 414 are Agri credit sociteies. Of 414 Agri credit societies, 211 are the Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) and 56 are Large-sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies (LAMPS) (Table 9.10). As far as allied sectors are concerned 150 societies are for fisheries, 113 for milk supply, only 21 for piggery and 12 for poultry.

Table 9.9 Soil testing lab for Tripura

Soil testing lab. (incl. soil health card)

Unit Outlay

Dhalai 1 50

Gomati 1 50

Khowai 1 50

North 1 50

Sepahijala 1 50

South 1 50

Unakoti 1 50

West 1 50

Tripura 8 400

Table 9.10 Cooperative societies in Tripura Sl.No. Types of Cooperative Societies West Sepahijala Khowai Gomati South Dhalai Unokati North Total1 Apex societies 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 112. Agri credit societies a. LAMPS 6 6 6 11 9 9 4 5 56 b. PACS 28 41 22 19 32 21 27 21 211 c. FSS 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 d. Service 12 14 7 7 4 9 3 6 62 e. Multipurpose 19 3 0 3 1 8 11 10 55 f. Small farming 6 4 3 3 6 1 2 4 293. Other industries a. Tailoring 12 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 21 b. Multipurpose industry 18 5 5 3 1 9 1 1 43 c. Rubber 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 6 d. Brick Kiln 5 2 5 2 4 5 4 4 31 e. Cinema 0 2 1 1 0 6 0 0 10 f. Tea plantation 7 1 3 0 6 8 7 0 32 g. Carpentry 8 3 6 1 1 2 1 2 24 h. Bamboo and cane 18 8 3 7 6 7 3 3 55 i. Pottery 3 3 3 3 0 1 1 0 14 j. Cobblers 3 3 1 2 0 1 2 1 13 k. Paddy husking 0 1 2 0 0 4 0 0 7 l. Other misc. 21 0 4 6 3 5 3 7 494. Non agri-non credit a. Transport 46 9 32 6 3 3 3 113 b. Labour 19 3 4 9 5 3 11 5 53 c. Forest labour 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 7 d. Rickshaw puller 10 5 3 6 2 5 5 2 35 e. Press Cooperation 13 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 16 f. AgriI engineering 3 1 0 0 0 4 2 0 8 g. Supplier Cooperation 11 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 13 h. Other social 10 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 155. Weavers

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9.7 Credit PlanAgricultural credit is the most vital engine to bring about a comprehensive development, in agriculture and its allied sectors. The kisan credit card is the most important credit delivery mechanism for meeting the crops including vegetables are covered under the programme. The programme is mostly being implemented by SBI, UBI, Tripura Gramin Bank, Tripura State Cooperative Bank. There are 82 bank branches operating in Tripura state. The Sate Bank of India has the highest number of branches i.e. 30 followed by the Tripura Gramin Bank and Tripura State Cooperative Bank with 17 and 122 branches, respectively. The progress in financial inclusion in Tripura is not satisfactory. The region failed to reap the benefits of institutional credit available at the central agricultural bank (NABARD). The small and marginal farming community suffers from a great deal of indebtedness and is subject to exploitation in the credit market due to high interest rates and the lack of convenient access to credit. Rural households in the district need credit for investing in agriculture and smoothening out seasonal fluctuations in earnings. Rural households need access to financial institutions that can provide them with credit at lower rates and at reasonable terms than the traditional money-lender and thereby help them avoid debt-traps that are common in rural areas. Hence, the role of banks in the enhancement of agriculture productivity, expansion of rural credit, and poverty eradication assumes high priority. The organized financial sector is still not able to meet the credit gap in the rural sector. The lower

a. Handloom 70 36 11 18 14 18 17 11 195 b. Khadi 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 86. Non-agri credit a. Urban bank 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 b. Employees/others 14 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 187. Housing Cooperation 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38. Pry. marketing 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 149. Fishery Cooperation 37 23 9 25 21 14 13 8 15010. Milk supply 31 20 18 6 2 1 17 18 11311. Piggery Cooperation 5 1 2 2 5 4 1 1 2112. Poultry Cooperation 4 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 1213. Farming Cooperation 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 214. Processing Cooperation 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 215. Consumer Cooperation 113 10 19 15 5 23 22 12 219 Total Cooperative societies 579 218 178 164 135 180 165 129 1748

levels of per capita income, lack of infrastructure in the rural areas, focus in the urban sector, and lack of proper connectivity were the main hindrances for banks to venture into rural areas.

The implementation of Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana may help in enhancing the status of financial inclusion in the state. Bank wise details of the credit cards issued reflect that maximum number of Kisan credit cards are issued by Tripura Gramin Bank. In the FGD it emerged that KCC is not working very well in Tripura. This is also reflected in the bank wise performance report of the KCC during 2014–15. Except HDFC all other banks have not achieved their targets. Thus, there is a need to strengthen the KCC in Tripura state.

Figure 9.1: Bank-wise position of disbursement of credit through Kisan Credit Card (KCC)

during 2013–14

FINAL REPORT


Table 9.11 reveals that all the banks but HDFC failed badly in achieving their targets of KCC. Only HDFC bank has achieved 127 per cent of its targets in disbursement of KCC in Tripura. This further worsens the agriculture

Table 9.11: Target and achievement of KCC during 2014–15

Sl.No Name of BanksTarget for 2014–15(Nos)

Achievement up to June 2014(Nos)

% Target achieved

1. AB 100 18 182. Andhra Bank 0 0 03. BoB 100 4 44. Bank of Maharashtra 0 0 05. BoI 650 0 06. CB 1,100 13 17. CBI 700 32 58. Corporation Bank 0 0 09. IB 100 0 0

10. IDBI 450 1 0.2211. IOB 500 1 0.212. PNB 100 5 513. P & SB 100 0 014. SBI 15,000 3,257 2215. Syndicate Bank 400 34 9

16. OBC 0 3

17. UBI 17,200 2,542 15

18. UB 550 2 0

19. UCO Bank 3,100 138 4

20. VB 0 0 0

21. AXIS Bank 350 4 1

22. HDFC 250 317 127

23. ICICI 750 36 5

24. IndusInd 150 0 0

25. South Indian Bank 0 0 0

26. Yes Bank 0 0 0

27. Federal Bank 0 0 0

28. Kotak Mahindra Bank 0 0 0

29. Bharatiya Mahila Bank 0 0 0

A Commercial Bank Total 41,650 6,407 15

30. TGB 42,550 4,045 10

B ASCB incl RRB Sub Total 84,200 10,452 12

31. ACUB 0 0 0

32. TCARDB 0 0 0

33. TSCB 15,800 3,137 20

C Cooperative Bank Total 15,800 0

A+B+C Grand Total 1,00,000 13,589 14

scenario of the state as most of the farmers are already living in an economically weak state due to very small land holdings.

FINAL REPORT


As depicted in the Figure 9.2, the total number of credit accounts opened in the state for loan were 58,519, out of which 33,808 were for crop loan which amounts to approximately 57 per cent of the total accounts opened. As for the loan amount sanctioned 46 per cent was for the agriculture sector out of the total of 28,574.

Sector wise allocation of KCC in agriculture and allied sector for the Tripura state has been in Figure 9.3. Agriculture holds the highest share of 60 per cent followed by dairy with 9 per cent and fishery and poultry with 5 per cent each. Figure 9.4 provides details of KCC achievements which depicts a very dismal picture of the status.

Figure 9.4 shows that despite the good targets been set up for the development of KCC system for various agriculture allied fields, the achievements are almost negligible. As can be seen in the Figure 9.47. The highest number of KCC targets (57,491) were set for the agriculture sector followed by dairy (8,423), fishery (4,970) and poultry (4,663). But out of the total targets

Figure 9.2: Details of credit accounts Figure 9.3: Credit allocations in agriculture and allied activities

Figure 9.4: Targets and achievement of KCC in agriculture during 2014-15

set only 6.9 per cent in agriculture, 4 per cent in dairy, 3.6 per cent in fishery, and 5.9 per cent in poultry was achieved during 2014–15. Table 9.12 gives targets for KCC for the year 2014–15. Table 9.13 provides status of KCC issued till 2012.

FINAL REPORT


Table 9.12: Targets for KCC for the year 2014–15Progress report on the implementation of the directives of the Government of India for flow of farm credit by all Banks in Tripura for the year 2014–15 is given below:

Sl.No DirectiveTarget (2014–15)

Achievement during 2014–15 (April 14 to June14)

1 Increase in farm credit

964.48 Achievement up to June, 14 is Rs. 96.87 crore (10 per cent of the current year target). Achievement for the year–2013–14 up to June 2013 was Rs. 69.19 crore, 8 per cent of the target

2 KCC 100,000 13,589 nos (13.59% of the target including renewal of 1,713 case.) KCCs

3 New farmers 100,000 9,644 nos of new farmers have been financed involving an amount of Rs. 28.53 crore.

4 Investment project 22 nos Rs. 40.80 lakh

5 Agri-clinics 40 Nos Nil

6 Small and marginal farmers

More emphasis

9,208 nos of small and marginal farmers have been sanctioned Rs. 27.30 crore

7 Lending to tenant farmers

More emphasis

Initiatives have been taken by Banks and Department of Agriculture to cover all eligible tenant farmers

8 Lending to oral lessees

More emphasis

Initiatives have been taken by Bank and Department of Agriculture to cover all eligible oral lessees

Table 9.13: Agency-wise progress of Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) in Tripura (As on 29.02.2012) (Amount : Rs. in lakh)

State

Cooperative Banks Regional Rural Banks Commercial Banks Total

NumberCards Issued

Amount Sanctioned

NumberCards Issued

Amount Sanctioned

Cards Issued

Amount Sanctioned

Cards Issued

Amount Sanctioned

Tripura 1 24,797 2,808 1 1,01,746 16,133 88,683 23,029 2,15,226 41,970

India 384 43,024,038 16,128,724 82 16,948,038 7,578,850 51,568,904 31,756,370 11,1540,980 55,463,944

Table 9.14: Share credit target of agriculture and allied Sector 2014–15 (Rs.in lakh)

District 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Dhalai 140.5 160.9 181.4 201.8 222.3

Gomati 210.7 241.4 272.1 302.8 333.4

Khowai 58.5 67.1 75.6 84.1 92.6

North 93.7 107.3 120.9 134.6 148.2

Sipahijala 82.0 93.9 105.8 117.7 129.7

South 152.2 174.3 196.5 218.7 240.8

Unakoti 105.4 120.7 136.0 151.4 166.7

West 152.2 174.3 196.5 218.7 240.8

Tripura 1,170.7 1,341.1 1,511.5 1,682.0 1,852.4

FINAL REPORT


9.8 RKVY Budget The financial allocation for infrastructure is given below

Estimated Outlay (Rs. in lakh)

Name of the Scheme Physical Target 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1 Cutom hiring centre (Nos) 23 920 920

2 Dev. of demon unit (Nos) 1 53 53

3 Seed storage unit (Nos) 2 51 51

4 Rural godown (Nos) 8 204 204

5 Provision of post harvest and marketing infrastructure (Nos)

8 25 25 25 25 100

6 Cold storage (Nos) 6 50 50 100 100 300

7 Establishment of fruits and vegetable processing units

500 250 250 250 250 250 1,250

8 Establishment of soil testing lab and distribution of soil health cards

8 400 400

9 Establishment of cold storage for storing fish 50 50

Total 1,799 325 579 375 250 3,328

Sericulture

CHAPTER 10

10.1 IntroductionSericulture is emerging as an industry capable of generating sustained employment in rural area. Sericulture in the northeast region comprises the culture of four varieties of silk worms, viz. Eri, Muga, Oak Tassar, and Mulberry. While Oak Tassar is a new introduction, other cultures are traditional from time immemorial. Tripura falls under high rainfall region and has sufficiently humid climate to support cultivation of mulberry plants and sericulture-supporting activities.Sericulture in Tripura was introduced during Fifth Year Plan by recommendation of the North Eastern Council (NEC) with small infrastructure. Initially, sericulture was confined only to the government farms. Gradually, extension of sericulture was intensified in the villages with interested beneficiaries, under state plan funding. The same practice continued till 1994–95. In order to increase the productivity of cocoons and to boost income generation by the beneficiaries, the cluster approach was adopted for implementation of sericulture scheme since 1995–96.

Except Unakoti, sericulture clusters are present in seven district of Tripura (Table 10.2). The progress in area coverage and cocoon productivity has improved, as per the data available up to 2013–14. Total area under mulberry plantation in the state is 2,308 hectares, with average yield range of 150–175 kg/hectare. (Table 10.1). Mulberry leaf is the only food for silk worm. A totoal of 4,500 beneficiaries are directly involved in the subsidiary occupation in the

state and are thereby trying to cross the poverty line as well as more up the socio-economic status. Later on, cooperative society known as Mulberry Rearer Cooperative Society (MRCS) was formed. Majority of the members belong to tribal and backward areas and all are women. The society provides all monetary benefits and buys the cocoons from the rearers. Directorate of Handlooms, Handicrafts and Sericulture, Tripura, uses these cocoons for silk yarn production and takes care of marketing. Skilled reelers are engaged in production of silk yarn (golden thread) in highly sophisticated reeling machine in the Government Reeling Centre, situated at Badharghat, West Tripura District. The annual production is 6.00 metric tonnes. The value of which is Rs. 6,000,000.00. Silk yarn is converted into fabrics in the form of sarees, dress material by the handloom cluster co-operative societies. The production base for conversion is being extended phase wise. At present, about 30 per cent yarn is being consumed for fabric making in the state and the rest is sold outside. The Tripura Apex Weavers Co-op. Society Ltd., a Government of Tripura owned unit, is involved in marketing of cocoons and silk yarn.

Central and state government schemes involved in promotion of sericulture in Tripura are as follows.

Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) is the main Central Government scheme being implemented through the Central Silk Board. Under the scheme, assistance is provided for entire range of activities from Mulberry plantation to cocoon production and post-cocoon activities.

FINAL REPORT


The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) funds were also utilized with the CDP fund for taking up mulberry plantation in the state. Activities done under MGNREGA are:

1. Renovation of mulberry garden2. Raising of mulberry garden3. Development of existing mulberry garden

Plan

1. Investment on development of mulberry garden2. Promoting fallow lands for cultivation of mulberry

garden by easy financing with self-help group model

3. Training for sericulture for self-help group4. Helping marketing activities from district and

cluster resources centres

State Schemes

The state schemes are meant to supplement the efforts being made under the central schemes for providing support to societies for purchasing planting materials, pest protection components, organizing awareness programmes, infrastructure support to clusters, reeling, godowns purchase of machineries and equipment, sericulture training institute, powerlooms, and development of sericulture in the areas under Tripura Trieal Areas Autonomous District Council.

Income of sericulturists by selling of cocoons:

The cocoon production of the state for the year 2013-14 was 40 MT, with an estimated value of Rs. 80.0 lakhs as earned directly by the sericulturist.

Area under mulberry cultivation has increased from 500 hectares in 2007–08 to 1,750 hectares in 2012–13

Table 10.1: Units and area under sericulture in TripuraDistrict Sericulture Cluster Blocks

North Huruah, Panisagar, Kanchanpur, Sabual Kadamtala, Panisagar, Dasda, Vangmun

Unakoti Nil Nil

Dhalai Halahali, Manughat, Dumburnagar Salema, Ambassa, Durga Chowmuhani, Manu, Chawmanu, Dumburnagar

West Champaknagar, Mohanpur Mandai, Jirania, Mohanpur, Lefunga, Hezamara

Shipahijala Bisramganj, Takarjala Jampuijala, Melaghar, Kathalia

Gumati Udaipur, Amarpur, Natunbazar Matabari, Kakraban, Killa, Amarpur, Ompi, Karbook

South Santirbazar, Kalacharra, Radhanagar Bakafa, Jolaibari, Silachari, Satchand, Hrishyamukh, Rupaichari, Rajnagar

(Table 10.3). However, the production has increased correspondingly. There is possibility of expansion of sericulture production centres in Jirania, Mandai, Belbari, Lefunga, and Hazamara blocks.

PotentialClimatic condition of Tripura is conducive for silk production. The average cocoon production is around 160–170 Kg/hectares. The gap in yield is around 10–15 Kg/hectares. This gap, if overcome, can enhance the benefits. Silk production gives an alternate option of livelihood to the people of Tripura. Tripura silk has its own Silk logo, which is internationally acclaimed. There is potential to improve its production more by overcoming the following constraints.

10.2 Constraints in Sericulture Inputs Constraints � Lack of knowledge of sericulture techniques � Lack of mulberry plantation in the region � Lack of season-based races

Natural Constraints � Rain-fed mulberry plantation � Fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity � Nutrients variation in food plants (leaves) due to

variation of soil texture, seasons, lack of water sources for irrigation, and irrigation facilities

Financial Constraints � Kisan Credit Card has not been implemented well

at all � Insufficient fund flow for implementing for

sericulture cluster � To get Kishan Credit Card loan is too cumbersome

FINAL REPORT

159SERICULTURE

Table 10.2: Sericulture status in Tripura

S.No. Sericulture Cluster/ TalukNo. of Units

Area under Mulberry (hectares)

Average Cocoon Production (Kg/hectare)

GAP in yield (Kg/hectare)

Reasons for GAP in Yield

District State FLDsDistrict Level

State Level

1 Champaknagar Sericulture Cluster (Jirania, Mandai, Belbari, Old Agartala R. D. Block)

1,650 280 West:160–175

150–160

10–15 15–20 Non-traditional for sericulture scheme.

Rain-fed mulberry plantation

Lack of season -based races

Fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity

Nutrients variation in food plants (leaves) due to variation of soil texture, seasons, lack of water sources for irrigation, and irrigation facilities

Transportation of silkworm eggs from source to different district clusters

2 Mohanpur Sericulture Cluster(Bamutia, Mohanpur, Lefunga, Hazamara R. D. Block)

285 52.8

3 Khowai Sericulture Cluster (Kalyanpur, Khowai Teliamura, Padmabil R. D. Block)

475 92 Khowai:150–160

4 Bishramganj Sericulture Cluster (Kathalia, Nalchar, Bishalghar, Charilam , Boxanagar R. D. Block)

1,525 249.5 Sepahijala :165–170

5 Takarjala Sericulture Cluster (Jumpuijala R. D. Block)

250 50.4

6 Udaipur Sericulture Cluster (Tephania, Matabari, Killa, Kakraban R. D. Block)

1,256 213.6 Gomati:160–170

7 Amarpur Sericulture Cluster (Amarpur R. D. Block)

606 118.4

8 Karbook Sericulture Cluster(Korbook, Silachari)

265 50.4

9 Santirbazar Sericulture Cluster (Bokafa, Jolaibari R. D. Block)

525 99.2 South:150–165

10 Kalacherra Sericulture Cluster (Sanchand, Rupaichari, Poangbari R. D. Block)

1,200 180.0

11 Radhanagar Sericulture Cluster(Rajnagr, Hrishyamukh, UBC Nagar R. D. Block)

524 100

12 Halhali Sericulture Cluster (Ambassa, Salama, Durgachowmohani R. D. Block)

1,500 250.4 Dhalai:160–170

13 Manu Sericulture Cluster (Manu, Chawmanu R. D. Block)

224 42.5

14 Dumburnagar Sericulture Cluster (Dumburnagar, Ganganagar R. D. Block)

160 25.6

15 Panisagar Sericulture Cluster(Panisagar, Yubarajnagr R. D. Block)

1,200 192 North:150–160

16 Huruah Sericulture Cluster(Kadamtala, Kalacherra R. D. Block)

1,400 234.4

17 Kanchanpur Sericulture Cluster(Dasda, Lajuri R. D. Block)

245 54.4

18 Sabual Sericulture Cluster (Vangmun R. D. Block)

160 22.4

13,450 2,308 150–160 45–47 5–10 3–7

FINAL REPORT


Extension Constraints � Number of village-level workers is less � Number of sericulture cluster is less � The village-level workers and assistants are at times

not technically sound enough leading to gap in extension of new technologies

� Transportation of silkworm eggs from source to different district cluster

10.3 Strategies for Growth of Sericulture in Tripura

1. Provide assured irrigation for mulberry plantation2. Cocoon rearing in controlled condition3. Enhance area under mulberry plantation4. Provide better transportation facility

Table 10.3: Trend in production of raw silk and mulberry cocoonsS.No. Item Unit 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2012–13

1. Production of raw silk MT 5.2 5.3 5.42 1.97

2. Production of mulberry cocoons MT 49 50 50.5 33.12

3. Area under mulberry cultivation Hectares 500 525 780 1,750

Source: Tripura at a glance 2012–13

5. Provide more trained village-level workers6. Timely provision of financial resources7. One month training should be provided before

plantation of mulberry and one month post-plantation before rearing worms

8. Provision of permanent fencing for mulberry trees 9. New varieties of mulberry and cocoon should be

promoted

10.4 Budget Requirements for Sericulture for 2015–20

The projected budget required for sericulture for the year 2015–20 is Rs 50.50 crores, which is 0.6 per cent of the total outlay for agriculture and allied sector. District wise and year-wise allocation is given in Tables 10.4 and 10.5.

Table 10.4: Budget outlay for sericulture for 2015–20Budget (in crore) 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Sericulture 8.68 9.39 10.10 10.81 11.52 50.50

Total Agriculture and Allied 1,445.61 1,519.74 1,593.88 1,668.03 1,738.15 7,965.41

Percentage of Agriculture and Allied 0.600 0.618 0.634 0.648 0.663 0.634

Table 10.5: District-wise budget requirements for sericulture for 2015–20

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 1.22 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61 7.07

Gomati 1.48 1.60 1.72 1.84 1.96 8.59

Khowai 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.43 0.46 2.02

North 2.08 2.25 2.42 2.59 2.76 12.12

Sepahijala 0.95 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.27 5.56

South 1.39 1.50 1.62 1.73 1.84 8.08

Unakoti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

West 1.22 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61 7.07

Tripura 8.68 9.39 10.10 10.81 11.52 50.50

FINAL REPORT

161SERICULTURE

Keep as such

Table 10.6: Physical and financial outlay for expansion of area under mulberry cultivation

Physical Units (Area in hectares) Financial Allocation (In Lakhs)

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

Total

Dhalai 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 7.73Gomati 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 9.28Khowai 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 2.23North 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 13.43Sepahijala 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 6.05South 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 9.20West 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 8.07Tripura 200 200 200 200 200 11.20 11.20 11.20 11.20 11.20 56.00

10.5 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna Schemes for Sericulture

Expansion of Area Under Mulberry CultivationExcept Unakoti, sericulture clusters are present in seven district of Tripura. The progress in area coverage and cocoon productivity has improved as per the data available up to 2013–14. Total area under mulberry plantation in the state is 2,308 hectares with average yield range of 150–175 Kg/hectare. Mulberry leaf is the

only food for silk worm. A total of 4,500 beneficiaries are directly involved in the subsidiary occupation in the state and are thereby trying to cross the poverty line as well as gain better socio-economic status. Later on cooperative society known as MRCS was formed. The annual production of the unit is 6.00 metric Tonnes. The value of which is Rs. 6,000,000.00. It was found that sericulture helps in improving the economic status of the state, so the target is to increase the area under mulberry cultivation by 200 hectares every year with total of 1,000 hectares for the plan year 2015–20 with an outlay of Rs. 56 lakh (Table 10.6).

Research and Development and Capacity building

CHAPTER 11

11.1 IntroductionAgriculture is the core of socio-economic development in Tripura. Not only it is a source of livelihood and food security for large population in Tripura but also has a special significance for low income, poor, and vulnerable sections. In Tripura, government has given the priorities to various research issues of the agricultural sector special aspects crops production.

There is a need to prioritize the main research issue and to motivate the people and, given the knowledge about agriculture, to make it most profitable arena of business as well as state development.

Capacity building is recognized by government as an essential component in the process of community development and in ensuring that communities fully engage with local and regional regeneration initiatives. It involves training and extension, human resource development, the development of organizations, and promoting the emergence of an overall policy environment conductive to agriculture and allied sector generation of appropriate responses to emerging need. It has been recognized as a precursor for the success of any participatory project. Over a period of time, understanding on capacity development strategies has improved considerably with several related experiences from all over India. This understanding goes beyond “training” programmes.

Thus, an approach towards capacity building and skill development in areas with potential of self-employment keeping in view socio-economic realities of Tripura is needed.

11.2 List of Schemes Recommended under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)

Research and development1. Varietal development for biotic and abiotic

stresses and nutritional quality.2. Set up System of Rice Intensification (SRI) research

center.3. Research on conservation agriculture including

organic farming.4. Research on conservation and value addition of

traditional varieties of crops and animals.5. Development of site-specific integrated pest

management (IPM) modules.6 Introduction of advance technology for production

upliftment.

Capacity building1. Training and capacity building of village level

workshops (VLWs), farmers, block officers, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs), etc.

2. Establishment of farm advisory support system for weather forecasting, pest surveillance, market intelligence (including pricing), animal disease, and soil status.

FINAL REPORT


Varietal development for biotic and abiotic stresses and nutritional qualityPlants have evolved to live in environments where they are often exposed to different stress factors (biotic and abiotic) in combination, which effect the production and nutritional quality of the crop. Most crop plants grow in environments that are suboptimal, which prevents the plants from attaining their full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. In Tripura, crops affected by different biotic stress, such as blight and downy mildew, and abiotic stress such as unexpected environmental conditions like drought, salinity, and high rain, change the quality and quantity of the crop. To resolve such problems improvement in the variety of crop is an expected solution for the State. For improvement of variety, there is need for research development centers/academic research centers that can work on development of new varieties according to biotic and abiotic stress and show resistance against different invading disease. Resistant variety can tolerate extreme conditions and production could be constant. We can promote different academic research centers that are working on genetic improving and plant breeding by providing specific projects on varietal development for biotic and abiotic stresses. The financial allocation for the varietal development in the state is given in the Table 11.1

Table 11.1: Financial allocation for the varietal development in the state

Scheme Rate 2015–16 Total

Varietal development

Rs.50 lakh/project

50 50

Set up SRI Research CenterSRI is a methodology aimed at increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. It is a low water, labour intensive, organic method that uses younger seedlings singly spaced and typically hand weeded with special tools. SRI claim its use increases yield, saves water, reduces production costs, and increases income. In Tripura, SRI was introduced through demonstration in the year 2002–03 with 9 hectares land, which later increased up to 14,678 hectares during 2006–07 and further increased up to 92,341 hectares during 2013–14 with

41 per cent share of the rice area. SRI has contributed significantly in enhancing production of rice from 7 per cent to 42 per cent increase in 2013–14. But critics of SRI suggest that claims of yield increase in SRI are due to unscientific evaluations. They object that there is a lack of details on the methodology used in trials. For improvement and scientific support, we need to implement SRI research center in the state. A total amount of Rs. 25 lakhs is included in RKVY for SRI research center (Table 11.2)

Table 11.2: Financial allocation for the SRI research centre in the state

Scheme 2015–16 Total

1. SRI research centre 25 lakhs 25

Research on conservation agriculture including organic farmingAll over the world, Sustainable agriculture is receiving a lot of attention by the farmers, administrators, policy makers, and scientists. The four factors mainly necessitating sustainability in agriculture are fast degradation of natural resources such as soil and water, escalated cost of production, deterioration in the quality of food, and environmental pollution leading to health hazards. Sustainability in agriculture is expressed and studied in terms of crop yields, soil fertility, net returns, and ecosystem. Sustainability of the present level of agricultural production is at stake. The role of organic farming has great linkage with sustainability since it encompasses improvement in soil fertility and productivity, brings down the cost of production, eliminates residual toxicity of chemicals and pesticides in soils, water, food, and environment thereby maintains eco-balance. Besides, it helps in efficient recycling of organic wastes and supplies quality produce. It promotes use of renewable sources of energy such as bio-fertilizers, solar energy, etc. resulting in reduction of import cost of naphtha fertilizers and chemicals.

Lack of sound scientific foundation is coming in the way of propagation of these farming methods. There is a great need for scientific validation of these practicing methods, besides evolving new methods suitable for different agro-climatic zones and socio-economic conditions of the farmers. The cost of the project is given in Table 11.3.

FINAL REPORT

165RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Research on conservation and value addition of traditional varieties of crops and animalsAdding value to a product is the process of changing or transforming a product from its original state to a more valuable state. Many raw commodities have intrinsic value in their original state. For example, field corn grown, harvested, and stored on a farm and then fed to livestock on that farm has value. In fact, value usually is added by feeding it to an animal, which transforms the corn into animal protein or meat. The value of a changed product is added value, such as processing wheat into flour. It is important to identify the value-added activities that will support the necessary investment in research, processing, and marketing.

Many valuable agricultural and horticultural produces are being produced in the rural areas of Tripura. Due to lack of knowledge about value addition to horticultural crops, the state could not get proper financial benefits. By providing value added products, farmers will get good price for their produce. Potato, rice, maize, gram rabi, lentil rabi, rabi groundnut, and sesamum are extensively cultivated in the state. These grains are mainly consumed by villagers for their daily needs. Special commercial processing is followed and as such there is no product in the market of any significance. In the district, rice, potato, ginger, pineapple, and fish have good potential in value addition, but there is need for research on conservation and value addition of traditional varieties of crops and animals in the state. Fund allocation for the same is given in the Table 11.4

Table 11.3: Financial allocation for research on conservation agriculture including organic farmingPhysical Target Financial

Outlay2015–16 2016-17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai 2 2 2 2 2 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 2

Gomati 3 3 3 3 3 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 3

Khowai 3 3 3 3 3 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 3

North 2 2 2 2 2 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 2

Sepahijala 4 4 4 4 4 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 4

South 3 3 3 3 3 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 3

Unkoti 1 1 1 1 1 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 1

West 3 3 3 3 3 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 3

Total 20 20 20 20 20 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 20

Table 11.4: Financial allocation for research on conservation and value addition of traditional vari-

eties of crops and animalsScheme Rate 2015–16 Total

Scientific evaluation and validation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITKs)

Rs.20 lakh/project

40 40

Development of site specific IPM modulesIPM, also known as integrated pest control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level. According to UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization “the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms”. In the state, total demand of chemical pesticides is 55,590 MT and it is increasing every year. Similarly, resistance of pathogen is also increasing and soil balance is getting distorted due to increasing demand and use of chemical pesticides so there is need to involve natural products, bio-fertilizers,

FINAL REPORT


and bio-pesticides in farming practices and spread the knowledge to farmers about benefits of IPM. Financial allocation for the IPM module development for each district is Rs. 50 lakhs.

Training and capacity building of VLWs, farmers, block officers, KVKs, PRIs, etc.Training and capacity building of stakeholders is important for the success of other schemes planned for them. Change or improvement is nay existing practices related to tarming is necessary for the success of new techniques and schemes related to agriculture and allied sector. A top-down approach is essential in training entire system, where KVKs to block offers and VLWs and farmers need to be trained.

Amount of Rs. 14 lakh is planned for training programmes to be carried out for the state with highest allocation for the year 2015–16 and 2016–17 of amount Rs 3.5 lakh each (Table 11.5).

Table 11.5: Training and capacity building of VLWs, farmers, block officers, KVKs, PRIs, etc.

Capacity strenthing traning at Rs.14,000/each training

Two day programme 2015–16 25

2016–17 25

2017–18 20

2018–19 15

2019–20 15

2015–16 3.5

Financial outlay 2016–17 3.5

2017–18 2.8

2018–19 2.1

2019–20 2.1

Total 14

Establishment of farm advisory support system for weather forecasting, pest surveillance, market intelligence (inclding pricing), animal disease, and soil statusFarm advisory support system for weather forecasting, pest surveillance, market intelligence

(including pricing), animal disease, and soil status occupies important part in agriculture where it is not just important for the cultivation but for decision making. Conversion of good harvest into good income for farmers is possible when he is provided with right and timely information about market demand supply situation and prices. Weather forecasting holds key in taking decisions of harvest as well as different agricultural operations. Pest surveillance makes it easy to predict next pest attack on the crops, hence farmers can take preventive sprays.

Establishment of farm advisory support system for weather forecasting, pest surveillance, market Intelligence (including pricing), animal disease, and soil status is Rs 50 lakh each for the year 2015–16 and year 2017–18. Total amount of Rs 100 lakh is dedicated for this.

Introduction of advanced technologies for production upliftment Research and development for advancement in agricultural technology is the need of the hour in view of current growth rate of population in the state. Development in production upliftment is also necessary for fullfilment of increasing demands of food supply. Day-by-day demand of agriculture, horticulture, meat, and milk supply are increasing at every level (village to international). So, we need to improve our existing technology. We recommended the scheme for introduction of new technology in each sector.

11.3 RKVY Budget for Research and Developmend and Capacity Building

A total budget of Rs 899 lakh (Table 11.7) has been allocated to the research and development of new technologies, varieties and other agriculture related activities in the present plan (2015–16 to 2019–20).

FINAL REPORT

167RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Table 11.6: Sector-wise allocation for introduction of advanced technologies for production upliftment

Sector 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total (Lakhs)

Agriculture 300 300

Horticulture 50 50

Irrigation 50 50

ARDD 100 100

Fishery 100 100

Total 600 600

Table 11.7: The financial allocation for research and development



2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

1 Varietal development for biotic and abiotic stresses and nutritional quality

1 50 50

2 Set up SRI Research Center 1 25 25

3 Research on conservation agriculture including organic farming

100 4 4 4 4 4 20

4 Research on conservation and value addition of traditional varieties of crops and animals

2 40 40

5 Development of site-specific IPM modules

1 50 50

6 Training and capacity building of VLWs, farmers, block officers, KVKs, PRIs, etc. (no)

14,000 14 14

7 Establishment of farm advisory support system

1 100 100

8 Introduction of advanced technologies for production upliftment

600 600

Total 883 4 4 4 4 899

State Plan

CHAPTER 12

12.1 IntroductionThe agriculture and allied sector plays a significant role in development of a state, which requires an effective, comprehensive district agriculture plan. State plan is group of different schemes such as National Food Security Mission, Mission for Integarted Development of Horticulture, Integrated Watershed Management Programme, Integrated Dairy Development Programme, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act, etc. State and district plan are helpful to increase employment and income, which has correlation with level of living standards of the people. The state and district plans are required to develop agriculture and allied sectors within an overall development perspective of the district. The plan also presents the financial requirement and the sources of financing the agriculture development plans in a comprehensive way.

12.2 Vision for Next PlanImplementation of comprehensive state agriculture plan will bring significant change in production in agriculture and allied sectors by maintaining the ecological balance with nature. We need to emphasize on the growth of renewable sources and their utilization along with promoting sustainability. Following improvements should help in economic growth of farmers and district agriculture sector:

1. To put the economy on a sustainable growth path with a growth rate of about 8 per cent or above by the end of the plan so as to create productive employment at a faster pace and increase the annual agricultural growth at 4.5 per cent

2. The vision is aimed to reduce the poverty and disparity by ensuring access to basic and fundamental needs,

3. To sufficiently improve the income of the general people and bring about an improvement in their living conditions

4. Enable sustainable agricultural production 5. Emphasize organic farming system to improve

soil fertility 6. Promotion fo agro-based industries and food

processing units in the state7. Integrated farming system should be adopted to

improve socio-economic status of farmers8. Livestock production should be improved to

facilitate organic farming.9. Establishment of food processing units, and

agro-based industries can generate employment opportunities in rural area

10. Incorporation of new scientific techniques of sericulture, fisheries, poultry, and rearing of sheep and goats can provide additional income to the farmers

FINAL REPORT


12.3 State PlanThe financial allocation for five year plan (2015–20) is estimated to be Rs. 3,742 crores and district-wise allocation under agriculture and allied sectors is given in (Table 12.1).

Table 12.1: Financial allocation (in crore) of various districts under agriculture and allied sectorDistricts 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Dhalai

Agriculture 29.55 30.69 31.84 32.99 34.14 159.22

ARDD 8.2 8.58 8.96 9.35 9.5 44.58

Fishery 5.4 5.94 6.53 7.19 7.9 32.96

Horticulture 19.82 22.8 25.79 28.77 31.75 128.93

Irrigation 9.04 8.69 8.35 8.01 7.66 41.75

Sericulture 1.22 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61 7.07

Total 73.23 78.01 82.88 87.82 92.56 414.51

Gomati

Agriculture 57.81 60.06 62.31 64.55 66.8 311.53

ARDD 9.33 9.77 10.21 10.65 10.81 50.77

Fishery 6.48 7.12 7.84 8.62 9.48 39.54

Horticulture 17.16 19.74 22.32 24.91 27.49 111.61

Irrigation 9.64 9.27 8.9 8.54 8.17 44.52

Sericulture 1.48 1.6 1.72 1.84 1.96 8.59

Total 101.9 107.56 113.3 119.11 124.71 566.56

Khowai

Agriculture 47.28 49.12 50.96 52.79 54.62 254.77

ARDD 9.6 10.05 10.5 10.95 11.12 52.23

Fishery 4.55 5 5.5 6.05 6.66 27.76

Horticulture 7.95 9.15 10.35 11.54 12.74 51.73

Irrigation 10.57 10.17 9.77 9.37 8.96 48.85

Sericulture 0.35 0.38 0.4 0.43 0.46 2.02

Total 80.3 83.87 87.48 91.13 94.56 437.36

North

Agriculture 32.31 33.56 34.82 36.07 37.33 174.08

ARDD 7.69 8.05 8.41 8.77 8.91 41.84

Fishery 4.32 4.75 5.23 5.75 6.32 26.37

Horticulture 13.7 15.76 17.82 19.88 21.94 89.09

Irrigation 7.09 6.82 6.55 6.28 6.01 32.74

Sericulture 2.08 2.25 2.42 2.59 2.76 12.12

Total 67.19 71.19 75.25 79.34 83.27 376.24

Sepahijala

12.4 Budget for RKVY Scheme

The estimated financial allocation for the Tripura for five year plan (2015-2020) is 953.4764 Crs for different sectors.

FINAL REPORT

171STATE PLAN

Sericulture 0.95 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.27 5.56

Total 104.58 109.24 113.97 118.74 123.29 569.83

South

Agriculture 61.94 64.35 66.75 69.16 71.57 333.76

ARDD 11.16 11.68 12.2 12.73 12.93 60.71

Fishery 4.32 4.75 5.23 5.75 6.32 26.37

Horticulture 30.64 35.26 39.87 44.48 49.09 199.34

Irrigation 9.76 9.39 9.02 8.65 8.27 45.08

Sericulture 1.39 1.5 1.62 1.73 1.84 8.08

Total 119.21 126.93 134.69 142.5 150.02 673.34

Unakoti

Agriculture 25.7 26.69 27.69 28.68 29.69 138.45

ARDD 4.78 5 5.23 5.45 5.54 26

Fishery 2.88 3.17 3.48 3.83 4.21 17.57

Horticulture 11.85 13.63 15.42 17.2 18.98 77.09

Irrigation 7.87 7.57 7.27 6.97 6.67 36.33

Sericulture 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 53.08 56.06 59.09 62.13 65.09 295.44

West

Agriculture 48.26 50.14 52.01 53.88 55.76 260.06

ARDD 8.57 8.98 9.38 9.78 9.94 46.64

Fishery 3.6 3.96 4.35 4.79 5.27 21.97

Horticulture 4.68 5.39 6.09 6.79 7.5 30.45

Irrigation 9.38 9.02 8.66 8.31 7.95 43.32

Sericulture 1.22 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61 7.07

Total 75.71 78.8 81.9 85.06 88.03 409.51

Tripura

Agriculture 367.28 381.54 395.8 410.06 424.32 1979

ARDD 69.41 72.66 75.91 79.17 80.42 377.57

Fishery 36.59 40.23 44.26 48.68 53.54 223.3

Horticulture 116.59 134.14 151.69 169.23 186.78 758.44

Irrigation 76.64 73.72 70.8 67.88 64.96 354.01

Sericulture 8.68 9.39 10.1 10.81 11.52 50.5

Total 675.19 711.68 748.56 785.83 821.54 3,742.82

FINAL REPORT


12.5 Budget for NMSA SchemeFor the present five year plan (2015–16 to 2019-20), a total budget of Rs. 3,053.7 lakh has been proposed under NMSA for the state of Tripura (Table 12.3).

Table 12.2: The financial allocation for Tripura for five year plan (2015–2020)Sectors 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture 15,259 12,627.63 13,649.24 14,324.25 15,376.75 71,236.84

ARDD 955.301 1,296.858 980.858 1,027.859 1,130.09 5,390.966

Fishery 880.72 1,270.22 1,278.02 1,283.02 1,288.02 6,000

Horticulture 637.9 524.3 923.3 499.3 379.3 2,964.1

Irrigation 1,118.83 1,102.1 1,092.1 1,082.6 1,077.1 5,472.73

Infra 1,799 325 579 375 250 3328

Sericulture 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 56

Capacity 883 4 4 4 4 899

Total (lakhs) 21,544.95 17,161.31 18,517.72 18607.23 19,516.46 95347.64

Total (crore) 215.4495 171.6131 185.1772 186.0723 195.1646 953.4764

Table 12.3: The financial allocation for Tripura for five year plan (2015–20)

Sectors 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture 150 150 150 150 150 750

Irrigation 225.58 343.17 460.75 578.33 695.92 2,303.7

Total (lakhs) 375.58 493.17 610.75 728.33 845.92 3,053.7

Table 12.4: Scheme-wise financial requirements for proposed RKVY schemes for the plan period 2015–20

Name of the Scheme

Physical Target

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture 1 SRI target area and

outlay (hectares per year

142,341 4,605.391 5,055.396 5,505.4 5,955.405 6,405.409 27,527

Conoeweeder and other SRI equipment (hectares)

15,000 18 18 18 18 18 89.97

2 Hybrid seed (area coverage) (hectares)

75,000 580.5 715.5 850.5 945 1,012.5 4,104

Hyv seed (area coverage) (hectares)

880,675 1,621.013 1,471.013 1,321.013 1,171.013 1,021.013 6,605.063

3 Plant nutrients (additional area coverage) (hectares per year)

6,000 30 30 30 30 30 150

FINAL REPORT

173STATE PLAN

4 Pulses Improvement (1,000 demon per year for three year, 200 hectare HYV and 40 hectare Hybrid (hectare)

240 106.65 0.65 110 1 116 334.3

5 Maize programme (Hectare per year)

5,000 250 250 250 250 250 1,250

6 Power tiller (no) 5,000 750 750 750 750 750 3,750 Sprayer (no) 5,000 8 8 8 8 8 40 Thresher (no) 500 40 40 40 40 40 200 SRI equipment (no) 1,000 5 5 5 5 5 25 Drum seeder (no) 1,000 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 67 Innovative Seed

village model oilseed (hectares)

5,000 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

Innovative Seed village model pulses (hectares)

6000 9 9 9 9 9 45

Innovative Seed village model Paddy HYV (hectares)

240,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 9,000

Innovative Seed village model Paddy Hybrid (hectares)

10,000 175 175 175 175 175 875

8 FRA area 50,000 243 243 243 243 243 1,215 Jhum productivity

improvement (hectares)

10,000 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 682.76 3,413.8

9 Seed treatment scheme (NMAET 2014) @ Rs. 2/kg for 240,000 Kg seed

240,000 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 4.8

10 Vermicompost units

800 16 16 16 16 16 80

11 IPM module @ Rs. 5,000/hectare total of Rs. 25 lakh for 500 hectare

500 5 5 5 5 5 25

12 Biopesticides Rs. 500/hectares for 500 hectares

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5

13 Utilization of Rice fallow area under maize (hectares)

75,000 129.99 609.99 1,089.99 1,569.99 2,089.99 5,489.95

14 Biofertilizer production

20 160 160 160 160 160 800

15 Biopesticides production units Rs. 40 lakh/unit 8 units

8 80 80 80 40 40 320

16 Introduction of Agro-forestry system (hectares)

400 40 40 40 40 40 200

17 Capacity building of farmers on bio-fertilizer Rs.10,000/training

100 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10

18 Farmers exposure visit and Krishi Mela @ Rs. 800/day/farmer for 7 days

2.24 3.36 1.12 1.12 1.12 8.96

19 Area expansion of oilseed crop

5,000 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 12

20 Establishment of farmers knowledge centres agriculture sub-division(No)

23 1,150

Establishment of village-level knowledge centre at each panchayat

100 1000 1,000

21 Establishment of technology dissemination centre at state and district level (no.)

9 100 100 100 50 100 450

22 Strengthening of research centre at Arundhati Nagar

1 150 150 150 150 150 750

23 Infrastructure development of KVKs

500 500

24 Improvement and development of government farms

400 400

25 Distribution of farm implements to small and marginal farmers

200 200 200 200 200 1,000

26 Installation of automatic weather station and raingauge (no.)

58 391.5 391.5

Horticulture 1 Improvization

of pineapple cultivation (area in hectares)

1,000 172 172 172 172 172 860

2 Fruits and vegetable seed prod units (area in hectare)

500 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 17.5

3 Green/poly house (no.)

232 224 224

4 Refrigerated Van (horticulture) (no.)

8 120 120 120 120 480

5 Hi-tech nurseries (no.)

8 200 200

6 Banana TC area (Area in hectares)

1,000 20 20 20 20 20 100

7 Mushroom programme (area in hectares)

40 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2

8 Promotion of new vegetable crops (area in hectares)

500 15 15 15 15 15 75

9 Replacement senile plantation of Jampui Orange (area in hectares)

500 25 25

10 Potato programme (area in hectares)

5,000 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 342

11 Horticulture database block amount

1 25 25

12 Development of horticulture under protected cultivation (Sq metres)

32,000 113.6 113.6

13 Strengthen of research and development centre for TPS production, Nagichhera and Mai Chera (no.)

2 100 100 100 100 100 500

Irrigation 1 WHS (no.) 200 36 36 36 36 36 1802 Percolation tank

(no.)200 221.1 221.1 221.1 221.1 221.1 1,105.5

3 Modular storage tank (no.)

500 150 150 150 150 150 750

4 Check dam (no.) 100 500 500 500 500 500 2,5005 Solar pump (no.) 500 100 100 100 100 100 500

FINAL REPORT


6 Renovation of water bodies (no.)

671 90 75 65 55.5 50 335.5

7 Maintinance and repair

26,085 21.73 20 20 20 20 101.73

ARDD 1 Establishment

of feed pellet production and storage unit (no.)

5 100 100 100 100 100 500

2 Construction of ARDD sub-centre (no.)

58 20 150 150 120 140 580

3 Poultry-based farming system (no.)

20,000 100 100 100 100 100 500

4 Promotion of crossbreed base-farming system

375 64 64 64 64 44 300

5 Piglet production fattening

746 155.15 112 112 112 112 603.15

6 Construction of veterinary dispensary/A. I. Centre (no.)

16 300 200 50 100 150 800

7 Promotion of rearing of improved breeds of goats (no.)

800 48 48 48 48 48 240

8 Fodder production 3,532 16.6 40 40 40 40 176.6 Construction of rat

proof go-down for storage of CGM

14 3.769 15.076 15.076 11.307 7.538 52.766

9 Skill Development training of farmer on milk sector, meat sector, egg sector & fodder sector (no.)

40 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 7.04 35.2

10 Strengthening of publicity/ extension wing of ARDD (no.)

9 0 10 20 5 10 45

11 Construction of poultry sheds (no.)

76 76 76 0 0 0 152

12 Strengthening of cattle farm at R. K. Nagar (no.)

1 0 200 0 0 0 200

Construction of District Veterinary medicine store

1 0 0 0 0 50 50

13 Animal diseases and surveillance facility (No)

1 50 0 0 0 0 50

FINAL REPORT

177STATE PLAN

14 Strengthening of animal vaccination programme (no.)

2,846,382 14.23 14.23 14.23 0 0 42.69

15 Fodder kit distribution (no.)

80 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 2.56

16 Construction of brooder house (no.)

32 0 160 160 160 160 640

17 Strengthening of pig breeding farm under state/TTAADC (no.)

2 0 0 100 100 0 200

18 Strengthening of all government farms related to ARDD

60 161 221

Total:- Fishery 1 Demonstration on

feed based fish culture technology

464 58 58 58 58 232

2 Utilization of big water bodies for culture-based capture fisheries

2,810 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 211.52 1057.6

3 Pisciculture in newly created/reclaimed water bodies

894 102.4 218 218 218 218 974.4

4 Skill upgradation of fish farmers

580 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 188.5

5 Diversification of aqua culture

2,320 92.8 92.8 92.8 92.8 92.8 464

6 Popularization of integrated fish farming

850 20 80 80 80 80 340

7 Production of stunted growth fingerlings

995 18.3 64.2 72 72 72 298.5

8 Establishment of mini fish feed plant in private sector

4 40 40 80

9 Establishment of technology dissemination centre at block level

5 60 60 60 60 60 300

10 Popularization of magur and pabda breeding in captivity using low cost hatchery

100 20 20 20 20 20 100

FINAL REPORT


11 Installation of FRP hatcheries for quality seed production in private sector

40 28 28 28 28 28 140

12 Intensification on use of aerator in fish culture

750 60 60 60 60 60 300

13 Setting of flake Ice plant

2 100 100 200

14 Establishment of laboratories for fish feed analysis and soil–water testing

5 60 -- 60 30 -- 150

15 Development of village knowledge centre

49 120 150 150 165 150 735

16 Upgradation and expansion of existing hatcheries

12 10 10 10 10 20 60

17 Construction of hygienic fish market

9 40 40 20 40 40 180

18 Construction of fish seed market

2 100 100 200

Infrastructure 1 Cutom hiring

centre (no.)23 920 920

2 Development of demonstration unit (no.)

1 53 53

3 Seed storage unit (no.)

2 51 51

4 Rural godown (no.)

8 204 204

5 Provision of post-harvest and marketing infrastructure (no.)

8 25 25 25 25 100

6 Cold storage (no.) 6 50 50 100 100 3007 Establishment of

fruit and vegetable- processing units

500 250 250 250 250 250 1,250

FINAL REPORT

179STATE PLAN

8 Establishment of soil testing lab and distribution of soil health cards

8 400 400

9 Establishment of cold storage for fish storage

50 50

Sericulture 1 Area under

mulberry (hectare)1,000 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 56

Capacity building 1 Varietal

development for biotic and abiotic stresses and nutritional quality

1 50 50

2 Set up SRI research center

1 25 25

3 Research on conservation agriculture including organic farming

100 4 4 4 4 4 20

4 Research on conservation and value addition of traditional varieties of crops and animals

2 40 40

5 Development of site-specific IPM modules

1 50 50

6 Training and capacity building of VLWs, farmers, block officers, KVKs, PRIs, etc. (no.)

14,000 14 14

7 Establishment of farm advisory support system

1 100 100

8 Introduction of advanced technology

600 600

FINAL REPORT


NMSA SchemeA total budget of Rs. 320 lakh (Table 12.5) has been recommended for improvement of irrigation and agriculture sectors in the state of Tripura during five year plan (2015–16 to 2019–20)

Table 12.5: Physical Tagets and Financial Outlay under NMSA SchemesNMSA



2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

Agriculture

1 Soil Amelioration (ha) 25,000 150 150 150 150 150 750

Irrigatation

1 Sprinklers ( No.) 3,000 117.58 235.17 352.75 470.33 587.92 1,763.7

2 STW ( No.) 1,000 24 24 24 24 24 120

3 Pumpset ( No.) 1,000 20 20 20 20 20 100

4 Farm pond ( No.) 700 64 64 64 64 64 320

Table 12.6: Financial Allocation (in Crore) of Agriculture and Allied sector

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 Total

State plan 675.2 711.7 748.6 785.8 821.5 3,742.8

RKVY 215.4 171.6 185.2 186.1 195.2 953.5

NMSA 3.8 4.9 6.1 7.3 8.5 30.5

Total 894.4 888.2 939.8 979.2 1,025.2 4,726.8

12.6 Aggregate Financial Outlay for the State

The financial allocation for Tripura for five year plan (2015–20) estimated 4,726.8 crores, details are given in Table 12.6.

FINAL REPORT

181STATE PLAN

Notes

FINAL REPORT


Notes


(C-SAP) 2015-2020 TRIPURAComprehensive State Agricultural Plan

(C-SAP) 2015-2020CO-ORDINATING AGENCY:

THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE,


TR

IPU

RA

CO

MP

RE

HE

NS

IVE

STA

TE

AG

RIC

ULT

UR

AL

PL

AN

(C

-SA

P)

2015

-202

0

tripura (c-sap) 2015-2020 comprehensive state …

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