tthhee ttooooll bb › 2011 › 01 › spring...still alive today, while any supposed evolutionary...

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T T H H E E T T O O O O L L B B O O X X Spring 2013 Page 1 volume 5 - issue 2 In the previous feature article, we covered some evidences that indicate, either directly or indirectly, that the universe in which we live is “young.” These evidences were from the realm of geology. In this current installment, we are going to examine some evidences for a young universe from the realm of biology and anthropology. Evidences from Biology Our Ancestral Mother “Mito- chondrial Eve” Studies of human DNA 1 have led scientists to postulate that every woman, and therefore all of humanity, can be traced back to “Mitochondrial Eve” the most recent common female ancestor of humans today. Scientists believe that this “Mitochondrial Eve” lived sometime around 200,000 years ago. 2 Because of this evolutionary timescale, and because scientists do not claim that Mitochondrial Eve was the first female human, Mitochondrial Eve is not the same as the Eve 3 of Genesis 2 and 3. However, it is quite interesting that even the evolutionary scientists have admitted that all of humanity goes back to one 1 Specifically what is known as Mitochondrial DNA or “mtDNA.” 2 See “Mitochondrial Eve: Mother of all Humans Lived 200,000 Years Ago” found here: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/1008 17122405.htm 3 The name Eve means “life” or “living,” and Adam named her this specifically because she was the “mother of all the living” (see Genesis 3:20). female ancestor who lived relatively recently within the evolutionary scope of things. Further, some creation scientists have examined the genetic data for “Mitochondrial Eve” and found that when the actual measured rates of mutations in relation to the mitochondrial DNA evidence are taken into account, the real time-scale for “Mitochondrial Eve” fits nicely with the Biblical timeframe of history. 4 Living Fossils This author has heard the term “living fossils” used to describe other, more “aged” people. All joking aside, however, in this context the term “living fossils” means something more than someone who is so old they seem to be from the time of the dinosaurs. A living fossil, a term that seems almost self-contradictory, can be described as “an organism that has remained essentially unchanged from earlier geologic times and whose close relatives are usually extinct.5 So, basically, if a fossil is found that is virtually identical in form and structure to an organism that is (article continued on page 2) 4 See “Genetics and Biblical Demographics Events” by C. W. Nelson found here: http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/tj/v17/n1/e vents#fnMark_1_4_1 5 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/living %20fossil Inside this issue: - Evidences for a Young Universe: Part 3, Biological & Anthropological Evidences - Questions Answered: Are the Bible and Evolution Compatible? - The Origins Debate in the News - Resource Spotlight: The Spiritual Secret of Hudson Taylor - Feedback - Spring and New Life in Christ - Signs of Design: The Human Thumb - Evolutionists in their Own Words - Ministry Update - Free offer: 7 Reasons Why We Should Not Accept Millions of Years Creation Evangelism Tools Ministries exists to: Teach God’s word starting with Genesis 1:1 Equip God’s people to answer skeptics Proclaim Truth of Creation in times of deception

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Page 1: TTHHEE TTOOOOLL BB › 2011 › 01 › spring...still alive today, while any supposed evolutionary “close relatives” are non-existent, this organism is called a living fossil

TTHHEE TTOOOOLL BBOOXX

Spring 2013 Page 1

volume 5 - issue 2

In the previous feature article, we

covered some evidences that indicate,

either directly or indirectly, that the

universe in which we live is “young.”

These evidences were from the realm of

geology. In this current installment, we

are going to examine some evidences for a

young universe from the realm of biology

and anthropology.

Evidences from Biology

Our Ancestral Mother – “Mito-

chondrial Eve”

Studies of human DNA1

have led scientists to

postulate that every woman,

and therefore all of

humanity, can be traced

back to “Mitochondrial Eve”

– the most recent common female

ancestor of humans today. Scientists

believe that this “Mitochondrial Eve”

lived sometime around 200,000 years

ago.2 Because of this evolutionary

timescale, and because scientists do not

claim that Mitochondrial Eve was the first

female human, Mitochondrial Eve is not

the same as the Eve3 of Genesis 2 and 3.

However, it is quite interesting that even

the evolutionary scientists have admitted

that all of humanity goes back to one

1 Specifically what is known as Mitochondrial DNA or “mtDNA.” 2 See “Mitochondrial Eve: Mother of all Humans Lived 200,000 Years Ago” found here: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100817122405.htm 3 The name Eve means “life” or “living,” and Adam named her this specifically because she was the “mother of all the living” (see Genesis 3:20).

female ancestor who lived relatively

recently within the evolutionary scope of

things. Further, some creation scientists

have examined the genetic data for

“Mitochondrial Eve” and found that when

the actual measured rates of mutations in

relation to the mitochondrial DNA

evidence are taken into account, the real

time-scale for “Mitochondrial Eve” fits

nicely with the Biblical timeframe of

history.4

Living Fossils

This author has heard the term

“living fossils” used to describe other,

more “aged” people. All joking aside,

however, in this context the

term “living fossils” means

something more than

someone who is so

old they seem to be

from the time of the

dinosaurs. A living

fossil, a term that

seems almost self-contradictory, can be

described as “an organism that has

remained essentially unchanged from

earlier geologic times and whose close

relatives are usually extinct.”5 So,

basically, if a fossil is found that is

virtually identical in form and structure to

an organism that is

(article continued on page 2)

4 See “Genetics and Biblical Demographics Events” by C. W. Nelson found here: http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/tj/v17/n1/events#fnMark_1_4_1 5 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/living %20fossil

Inside this issue:

- Evidences for a Young Universe: Part 3, Biological & Anthropological Evidences - Questions Answered: Are the Bible and Evolution Compatible? - The Origins Debate in the News - Resource Spotlight: The Spiritual Secret of Hudson Taylor - Feedback - Spring and New Life in Christ - Signs of Design: The Human Thumb - Evolutionists in their Own Words - Ministry Update - Free offer: 7 Reasons Why We Should Not Accept Millions of Years

Creation Evangelism Tools

Ministries exists to:

Teach

God’s word starting with Genesis 1:1

Equip

God’s people to answer skeptics

Proclaim

Truth of Creation in times of deception

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PAGE 2

still alive today, while any

supposed evolutionary “close

relatives” are non-existent, this

organism is called a living fossil.

Some examples of living fossils

include the Platypus, Coelacanth

fish, the Ginko tree, the Horseshoe

Crab, the Wollemi Pine tree,

Pelicans, Garfish, and many others.

The significance of “living fossils”

is that it shows that plants and

creatures that supposedly existed

millions of years ago have

remained essentially unchanged

over that period of time. Why is

this important? Because, in the

evolutionary paradigm,

organisms are constantly in

flux, mutating, and changing

to adapt to their

environments. While there

is definitely good, biblical

science behind this concept

of adaptation, the

evolutionary mindset

extrapolates variation within

the created kinds (speciation)

to the point where radical

changes result in completely

different organisms (i.e. the change

from an amoeba to a man). If

however, the universe is really

relatively “young,” as the Bible

implies, then to find “living

fossils” should be no surprise at

all!

Evidences from

Anthropology

Human Population Growth

If the universe (and the

Earth) is so old, why are there so

few people on earth? This is a

startling question, considering the

modern claims of many that the

earth is “overpopulated.”

However, the truth of the matter is

that the earth itself, spatially

speaking has room for a lot more

people than currently inhabit it!6

6 This doesn’t necessarily mean however that the resources required to maintain life are currently being developed and stewarded well

The interesting thing about population

growth rates is that they can be used

as a measurement of the approximate

age of humanity. Some have

calculated, using conservative

calculations of population growth, that

even in the time since the great flood,

when virtually the entire human race

was annihilated, the population

growth could have led to a current

world population of well over 8

billion people.7 If the history of

human existence were really as old as

the evolutionists claim, then we would

expect exponentially more people to

be on

this

earth than there

currently are. In fact, using the same

conservative calculations as above,

there would be a head-count of

potentially as many as 1099

, or 1

followed by 100 zeros!8

Length of Recorded Human History

Another related evidence for a

young universe is the length of

recorded human history. Frequently,

when referring to the length of time

given for historical records of human

civilization,9 the ages given generally

enough to support a larger populations. 7 See “Billions of People in Thousands of Years?” by Monty White, Ph.D. found here: http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n2/billions-of-people 8 Ibid. 9 Things like a written language, record keeping, technological advances, arts, and other significant cultural developments.

are in the tens of thousands of years,

not millions or billions of years.10

Personally, this author finds it

amusing to read publications that say

something like “about 6,000 – 10,000

years ago, humans started…” It

seems that a lot of the modern

advances for mankind (modern in the

sense of developing what we might

call “civilized” skills) are said to have

come on the scene in this time range.

Why is it that the ages given for the

major advances in “human

evolutionary development” seem to

coincide fairly well with the historical

timeline given by the Bible? Of

course, the Bible teaches that mankind

was specially created in the image

and likeness of God Himself, as

a distinct creature separate

from the animal kingdom.11

Further, the Bible teaches

that mankind was created

during the same week as the

rest of the universe, only a

few thousand years ago.12

Additionally, mankind was

formed without sin, and

without the effects of sin on his

body, so mankind was originally

created a lot more intelligent and

advanced than we can imagine.13

Only after the curse of sin did man

begin to die, both physically (which

would include mental capacities), and

spiritually.14

This contradicts the

evolutionary idea that the man

evolved over millions of years from

the primates, and is advancing

physically and intellectually!

The Human Genetic Clock

The genetic mutational build up

in humankind is yet another

somewhat indirect, yet

complementary confirmation for the

Biblical inferences pointing to a

young universe.

(article continued on page 7)

10 http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintext histories.asp?historyid=ab25 11 See Genesis 1:26 – 29; Genesis 2:7, 18 - 23 12 See Genesis 1; Exodus 20:9-11; 1 Chronicles 1:1-28, 2:1-15; Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38 13 See Genesis 1:31 14 See Genesis 2:16, 17; Genesis chapter 3

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“Are the Bible and Evolution Compatible?”

This is a question many people

have asked, and more have assumed to

be answered affirmatively. In fact,

many in Christendom today argue that

the Bible and the theories of evolution

are very much compatible. However,

for someone to assert that the Bible

and evolution can be meshed shows

that they are either ignorant of the

basics of the evolutionary time-scale,

or they lack knowledge of the Biblical

text, or a combination of both. The

secular, evolutionary history of the

universe cannot be blended with the

biblical history of the universe. The

two resulting worldviews, when

examined closely, prove to be

contradictory. Either the secular

history of the evolutionary processes

of the astronomical, biological, and

geological realms is true, or the

biblical record of the creation is true.

Only one can be true. The following is

a brief attempt to demonstrate the

illogical nature of trying to blend the

two diametrically opposed histories of

the categories of science in which

evolutionism is propagated the most

often. By simply outlining the history

proposed by the two worldviews, we

see that they are fundamentally

incompatible.

The secular history of

astronomy states that:

The universe formed as the

result of a Big Bang, in which an

infinitely small, hot and dense point,

called singularity which contained all

the mass and energy seen today,

exploded spreading out the energy and

space. As the universe expanded, the

energy cooled down, some of which

turned into matter, which eventually

formed the stars and then eventually

the planets.1

The biblical history of astronomy

states that:

The universe was created in 6

literal days,2 just a few thousand years

1 http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm 2 Genesis 1, Exodus 20:9-11

ago,3 by the spoken word of God.

4 The

earth was formed before the sun, moon

and stars.5

The secular history of biology

states that:

All life came from a single cell

over the process of millions of years of

chance, random processes involving the

death of various life forms in order to

advance the evolution of life. Reptiles

evolved into birds; whales evolved into

hippopotamus; apes evolved into

humans.6

The biblical history of biology

states that:

During the Creation week of 6

literal days, which took place around 6-8

thousand years ago, God created plant and

animal life according to their kinds.7 Sea

dwelling creatures and birds were formed

on Day 5, while land dwelling creatures

were made on Day 6.8 He made mankind

in His own image.9 God finished creating

and pronounced everything He created

very good - indicating that there was no

need for evolution or death to make life

forms more complex.10

The secular history of geology

states that:

The sedimentary layers seen in

such formations as Grand Canyon were

laid down very slowly over the course of

millions of years. Fossils are found in

these layers that indicate the order in

which biological evolution took place,

based upon some observances in which

less complex creatures are buried lower in

3 1 Chronicles 1:1-28, 2:1-15; Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38 4 Genesis 1, Psalm 33:6, 9. Hebrews 11:3, 2 Peter 3:5 5 Genesis 1:1, 2, 14-18 6 http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution.htm 7 Genesis 1; Exodus 20:9-11; 1 Chronicles 1:1-28, 2:1-15; Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38; Genesis 1:11, 12, 20, 21, 24, 25 8 Genesis 1:20, 21; Genesis 1:24, 25 9 Genesis 1:26, 27 10 Genesis 1:31, 2:1-3

these layers while more complex

creatures are buried closer to the

surface.11

The biblical history of geology

states that:

A worldwide flood occurred during

the time of Noah,12

approximately 5

thousand years ago.13

In this worldwide

flood, the fountains of the great deep

broke up, the windows of heaven were

opened, sending rain upon the earth for 40

days and nights,14

and submerging all the

high hills and mountains by at least 20

feet.15

This flood resulted in the death of

every living thing that lived upon the land

and breathed air, except for those on the

Ark.16

Either during the creation week, or

else during the flood, or shortly

thereafter,17

the mountains rose, and the

valleys and ocean basins sunk.18

Conclusion: the Bible and

Evolution are NOT Compatible!

There are many other areas in

which the evolutionary history of the

universe does not line up with either the

Biblical history of the universe, and / or

real, observable, repeatable science.

However, for the sake of space, they were

not included. Additionally, this is not

intended to be a comprehensive study of

the two “histories” of the three

aforementioned areas of science, only a

brief overview of the general

incompatibilities between the two

“histories” in these three categories of

science.

11 http://www.nps.gov/akso/parkwise/Students/ ReferenceLibrary/Paleontology/GeologicTime Scale.htm 12 Genesis 6:5-22, and chapters 7 and 8; Matthew 24:37-39, 2 Peter 2:4, 5 13 1 Chronicles 1:1-28, 2:1-15; Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38 14 Genesis 7:11, 12; 15 Genesis 7:19, 20 16 Genesis 7:18-24 17 Depending upon how you interpret the reading of these verses. Dr. John MacArthur’s Study Bible indicates that this is a reference to the creation week, while Dr. Henry Morris’ Defender’s Study Bible seems to indicate that this is a reference to the flood or shortly after the flood, when the waters receded from the land. In either case, this was likely a fairly rapid formation of mountains, hills and valleys, not a gradual formation process taking millions of years, as the evolutionary history requires. 18 Psalm 104:6 – 9, see also Genesis 1:9, 10; Genesis 7:11, 12, 17 – 19, 24, 8:1 – 3, 5, 13, 14

Questions Answered PAGE 3

By Joel Kautt

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PAGE 4

TThhee OOrriiggiinnss DDeebbaattee iinn tthhee NNeewwss

Recent news headlines have claimed that a NASA rover mission to

Mars has found conditions on the Red Planet that would be conducive to

“ancient” life.1 Does this claim sound familiar? It should. After all,

numerous missions have been made to Mars to explore its planetary

atmosphere and surface, and the results from many such missions have

touted “evidence” that life once existed on Mars.2 Vast sums of money

have been spent over the years in researching and exploring our universe

in search for “intelligent life.” The majority of these efforts have been

disappointing dead ends. Time and money could be saved by reading the

Words of the Creator of the universe regarding the life forms He created

for it. Genesis 1:1, 2 tells us that the Almighty Triune God created the

universe. Isaiah 45:18 says

“For thus says the LORD, Who created the heavens, Who is God,

Who formed the earth and made it, Who has established it, Who did

not create it in vain, Who formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD;

and there is no other.”

Further, Psalm 115:16 states that “The heaven, even the heavens, are

the LORD’S: but the earth He has given to the children of men.”

Not surprisingly, observable science confirms the Word of God. The

search for any trace of life in other parts of the cosmos has included

scanning for radio signals, sending probes through space, and landing

rovers on other planets. It always turns out to be exactly as the Bible

teaches – the earth is unique. It was suitably formed specifically for human,

plant, and animal life. No intelligent life, nor any place suitable for life to

survive and thrive, has been found anywhere else in the universe other than

the Earth.

In recent years, Mars specifically has been the subject of several probes

sent there from Earth to search for any conclusive signs of life. So far these

missions have been very unsuccessful in their quest to find “intelligent” life,

and even “simple” life on the Red planet. Further, liquid water – essential for

life as we know it to exist – on Mars is all but non-existent. Of course,

scientists claim that water once was found on Mars in abundance, helping to

make life there more possible in the past.3 This is very ironic when we

consider that most scientists scoff at the Biblically based belief in a global

flood, which they disbelieve in spite of the fact that the earth is covered almost

70 percent by water.4 But, it shouldn’t be too surprising for those who

disbelieve God’s Word to grasp at unrealistic straws to support their own

worldview.

I believe that when all is said and done the Bible will be vindicated in

stating that the earth was uniquely formed for human life, and that the

heavens are the LORD’s. Even now, based on the Bible and confirmations

from observable science, we know that the God of the Bible is the only

intelligent life in outer space. ~

1 http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20130312.html 2 http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/ 3 http://www.space.com/14483-mars-ancient-ocean-evidence-european-probe.html 4 http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html

Resource Spotlight

The Spiritual Secret of Hudson Taylor,

by Dr. & Mrs. Howard Taylor.

The Spiritual Secret of Hudson Taylor

is probably the best biography I’ve ever

read. Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor did an

amazing job putting together all of Hudson

Taylor’s letters, and his amazing life story,

into one inspiring book.

Do you need encouragement and

conviction in your daily Christian walk?

This book, telling about the struggles and

victories that Hudson Taylor experienced,

will definitely benefit your spiritual life

greatly. Taylor, knowing God’s calling on

his life, and yet struggling to find the how-to

in truly living in faith, followed the call and

went to the unreached people of China.

Through many trials, including the death of

two of his children and his dear wife, Taylor

found his rest and peace in God, his Rock

and Comfort.

There are many of great quotes from

this book that could be shared, but this one

particularly stood out:

“Oh… it is a wonderful thing to be

really one with a risen and exalted Savior, to

be a member of Christ! Think what it

involves. Can Christ be rich and I poor?

Can your right hand be rich and the left

poor? Or your head be well fed while your

body starves? … No more can your prayers,

or mine, be discredited if offered in the name

of Jesus… so long as we keep within the

extent of Christ’s credit – a tolerably wide

limit!”

To order a copy of this excellent book, please visit our website: www.creationevangelismtools.org, click on the “resources” button at the top, then click on the “Family” link.

Feedback:

“I enjoyed your toolbox! Keep up the

great work!”

- J. M., Texas

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Just as a new year brings about

plans to start new habits, and

accomplish new goals, the season of

the year that we call spring brings a

time of new life. After weeks of the

cold, dreary days of winter come the

bright sunshine, warm breezes, and

gentle rains of spring. Each change of

season is a testament to the promise

made by the Creator Lord that He

would never judge the world by

means of a flood again, and that the

seasonal cycles would continue for as

long as the earth exists.1 Further, the

changes of the seasons are in effect a

striking simile of both the physical

progression and even the spiritual

succession that is common to

mankind. We see new life, or birth, in

spring, and maturity throughout the

progression of the year, culminating

in winter, which is analogous to death

or sleeping. In the spiritual lives of

some people, a cold, deadness, like

winter, gives way to new life, growth

and maturity. In this article, we will

examine some of the connections

between the physical world, and the

spiritual rebirth of those who come to

know Jesus Christ as the giver of

spiritual life.

Science

Seeds of various plants enter a

phase of “hibernation” during the

winter months when the

environmental conditions are harsh,

and un-conducive to the growth of the

seed into a plant. Once the sun shines

brightly, and the ground warms to a

friendly temperature, and the spring

showers begin to hydrate the ground,

1 See Genesis 8:20 - 22

the genetic coding in the seed activates the start of the process of seed

germination. A seed may lie dormant for many years if the conditions are not

right for it to begin germination.

Theology

Every year near the start of spring, Christians around the world

celebrate the most important holiday of the Christian faith – Resurrection

Day.2 This special day commemorates the raising of Jesus Christ from the

dead three days following His death by crucifixion at the hands of the

Romans. Just as new life comes in spring after the long, cold winter when

plants are dead, trees are bare and lifeless looking, and animals are in

hibernation, the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead brings new

spiritual life to those who are “dead in their sins.”3

The Bible informs us that

our spiritual “deadness” makes it where even our best efforts at living in

obedience to God cannot pay for our sins against Him.4 Someone who is

completely sinless must give their life to make the payment for our sins

against God.5 That someone was Jesus Christ, the One who was God in

human form,6 fully God, fully man, who lived in complete obedience to God

the Father7 in order to pay the ultimate price for our salvation.

8

Jesus, in speaking of His imminent death, used the analogy of the

germination process of a seed to illustrate the new life

He would bring through His

death, burial and resurrection.

He said, “…unless a grain of

wheat falls into the earth and

dies, it remains alone; but if it

dies, it bears much fruit.”9

Later, the Apostle Paul

developed this concept further by

telling us that we must “die to sin,”

in order to “live for Christ” and bear

the “fruits of the Holy Spirit.”10

(article continued on page 6)

2 Which is commonly known as “Easter.” 3 See Colossians 2:13 and Ephesians 2:1 4 See Isaiah 64:6, Romans 3:9 - 25 5 See Hebrews 10:1 – 18 (especially verses 4 – 8); Hebrews 9:22 (also Leviticus 17:11) 6 See John 1:1 - 14 7 See Philippians 2:5 - 8 8 See Romans 5:6 – 10; 6:23 9 See John 12:24, and the preceding verses. 10 See Romans 6:1 – 14; and Galatians 5:16 - 25

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PAGE 6

Spring and New Life in Christ, cont’d from page 5:

Evangelism

Just as a seed may lie dormant in

the ground for months and years, and

appear to be dead, the spiritual life of a

person can experience similar

circumstances. It may seem like an

unbeliever is so “dead in their sin” that

they will never come to accept the gift of

salvation through faith in Christ. But, as

Paul implies in 1 Corinthians 3:6, 7, one

person may “plant” the “seed” of the

gospel,11

another person may “water” the

seed, and yet another person may “reap”

the harvest that God gives. Our job, as

Christians is to be “sowers” who

faithfully “plant” the “seed of the gospel”

in the lives of those who are spiritually

dead, and faithfully pray for their

conversion. We leave the results up to

the work of the Holy Spirit. However, it

is essential that we do our part to get the

good news to those who need to hear the

message.12

In preparing to “plant” the

“seed of the gospel,” it is sometimes

necessary to “prepare the soil” by helping

to soften the person's heart to the gospel

by answering their questions about the

Bible and Christianity. Just as preparing

the soil is directly linked with planting the

seeds, so being prepared to answer

questions about the Bible and Christianity

is a vital part of sharing the gospel. In

this way, Christian apologetics and

evangelism are closely intertwined.

So, this spring, when you marvel at

the bright flowers bursting forth from the

ground, and you admire the blossoms on

the trees, and you watch the baby birds,

squirrels, and rabbits playing in your

yard, think about the grace of God in

bringing new life to our physical world

after the deadness of winter. Most

importantly, thank Him for His loving

mercy and grace in bringing new spiritual

life to you, who, apart from Him, were

without hope, and “dead in your sins.”

Then, go out and share with someone else

how our Creator reflects His redemptive

work in both His creation and in the lives

of those who submit their lives to His rule

and saving grace!

11 See Mathew 13:3 - 9 12 See Mathew 13:3 - 9

The Human Thumb

I have said for several years, vaguely quoting someone, that my thumb alone

convinces me that there is a God1. Thumbs are truly amazing parts to our bodies, and

without them, life would definitely be more difficult. Just try typing an email without

your thumb, or opening a jar lid, or a door. I play a lot of sports that require my

thumb; it would be tough trying to catch a Frisbee or throw a baseball without my

thumbs.

Our thumbs are the first of five digits which make up what we call our

“fingers” – I used to think that it was in fact, the fifth digit. Obviously, I was asleep

in science class when it came to anatomy. The medical (Latin) term for thumb is

pollex, which means “the first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the

hallux in the hind limb; the thumb…”2

Opposition vs. Apposition in humans:

Opposition as defined by researches J. Napier and P.

Napier, is: “A movement by which the pulp surface of the thumb

is placed squarely in contact with – or diametrically opposite to –

the terminal pads of one or all the remaining digits.”3 The way

the muscles of the arm run into the hand, is simply amazing. You

have the FPL (flexor pollicis longus) which is the forearm muscle

which passes through the carpal tunnel, in its own tendon sheath,

attaching at the thumb.4 But, this is not the only muscle attached to

the thumb. Amazingly, there are 34 total muscles which control the

hand and thumb, nine of which control the thumb, and are

subsequently controlled by the 3 major forearm muscles.5

The evolution of the hand:

In my research, I ran across the evolutionary explanations

for how our hands were formed, and why. Some are quite

interesting actually. But, in the end, they all admit one thing:

human hands were not made to grasp tree limbs.

“On an office table, Orr has laid out skeletal hands of three

apes, and a human. The apes’ hands are enormous – the Orangutan’s is like a

catcher’s mitt.

“But their thumbs are tiny and splayed out to the side; the fingers are long and

curved. They look powerful, but Orr says the strength runs vertically, from the wrist

up through the fingers. That’s good for hanging on tree limbs, but not for much

else.”6

“Extant great apes do not significantly use the thumb during locomotion: it

does not participate in below-branch suspensory behaviors, and it does not support

(article continued on page 7)

1 http://www.eatonhand.com/hw/facts.htm 2 http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s&word=pollex&use1913=on 3 http://www.primates.com/faq/#23 4 http://books.google.com/books?id=Bl8RO_Tq7zoC&printsec=frontcover#v=one page&q=flexor%20pollicis%20longus&f=false 5 http://www.eatonhand.com/hw/facts.htm 6 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128676181

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Evidences for a Young Universe: Part 3, article continued from page 2:

Only with recent developments in

genetic research have scientists been able to research the genetic defects (mutations) that have accumulated in

the human genome. The findings of this research confirms a recent creation because the amount of mutational

accumulation, combined with observed rates of mutations would mean that the

human genome would have been overwhelmed by mutations long ago, if the history of humanity were really as

old as evolutionists argue.15

On the other hand, if the history of man is only around six thousand years old (as the

Bible indicates), then the amount of mutations we see in the human genome

is easily explainable.

Conclusion

These are just a few of the

evidences from biology and

anthropology that point to a young universe. As has been previously

stated, none of the evidences given above independently proves the age of the universe, but taken together, they do

confirm the Biblical testimony regarding the age of the earth, and inferentially, the timespan of the

existence of the cosmos! The great thing about the Bible is that while it makes bold assertions, and gives us

inferential clues, in all of this, it is flawless and comes away vindicated by

the confirmations we see in the universe all around us! The Psalmist said it well: “As for God, his way is perfect: The

LORD’s word is flawless; He shields all who take refuge in him.”

16 In our next

article, we will spend time exploring the

theological evidence for a young universe. Meanwhile, keep these things

in mind, and share what you’ve learned with someone else who may not know that there is solid evidence to confirm

what the Bible tells us about the universe in which we live!

15 See “Human Mutation Clock Confirms Creation” – by Brian Thomas, M.S. found here: https://www.icr.org/article/7077/ 16 Psalm 18:30 (New International Version)

Signs of Design, article continued from page 6: PAGE 7

body weight during knuckle-walking in African apes.”7

“Chimps and gorillas do efficiently manipulate small object between their

thumb and index finger using different precision grip combinations (e.g. tip-to-tip and

pad-to-side), but a human-like, pad-to-pad precision grip is precluded due to the

disproportionate length of their digits II-V relative to that of the thumb.”8

“The morphology displayed by the PDP of modern humans—including a

relatively long bone, dorsopalmarly flat and wide at the shaft and apical tuberosity,

together with several morphological traits related to a powerful FPL and

compartmentalized digital pulp —is not found among non-human primates, being

indicative of a stable and powerful pad-to-pad contact during refined manipulation.” 9

An interesting article in Popular Science magazine,

suggests that so-called “junk DNA might be what separates

apes and humans” – “The researchers then showed that the

difference between the human and chimp versions of the

enhancer result from a difference of only 13 nucleotides,

a far larger number of changes than would be expected

had the mutations been the result of drift rather than

selection. The location of enhancer activity highlights

the importance of the difference. Our hands, with

their opposable thumbs, our feet, evolved for

bipedal locomotion, and our throats, which allow

us to speak, make up three key differences

between humans and all other apes.”10

But, even if humans are supposedly “only 13 nucleotides different” from

chimps, that doesn’t create a concrete argument that we came from them. All that

tells me is that we share a common Designer, who used a somewhat similar blueprint

in His creation. That doesn’t mean that humans came from monkeys, or that we are

in any way, shape or form, relatives of monkeys.

In the beginning God created Man in His image and likeness; not monkeys or

elephants, or tigers or llamas. Man was created unique apart from all the animal

kingdom. Not as one of the animal kingdom. Adam was given special privileges

over the animals (e.g. he named them, and was given dominion over them); he didn’t

mimic their behavior or try to become “one with nature.”11

God created man in order

that they might worship and serve Him, not creation or animals, or science or

anything else.12

Animals can’t worship God, or have a personal relationship with Jesus; they

can’t share the Gospel with other members of mankind, or feel love, show mercy or

extend friendship. All they can do is what they were especially created to do – “Then

God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to its kind: cattle and

creeping thing and beast of the earth, each according to its kind”; and it was so. And

God made the beast of the earth according to its kind, cattle according to its kind, and

everything that creeps on the earth according to its kind. And God saw that it was

good.”13

What does all of that have to do with thumbs? Well, it shows me that I was

created special, different. Not as just another animal, but – in God’s own image and

likeness. My thumbs really do show that there is a Creator who knew what He was

doing.

Let everything that has breath praise the LORD.

Praise the LORD!

Psalm 150:6

7 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908684/ 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 http://www.popsci.com/stuart-fox/article/2008-09/how-human-got-his-thumbs 11 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%201:26-28&version=NKJV 12 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%201:18-23&version=NKJV 13 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%201:24-25&version=NKJV

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PAGE 8

EVOLUTIONISTS IN THEIR OWN WORDS

Compiled by Phoebe Kautt

“If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ

existed, which could not possibly have been formed by

numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would

absolutely break down. But I

can find out no such case.”1

- Charles Darwin, author of the book, “On the Origin of Species,” and popularize of the theory of Evolution.

Compiler’s Note:

Now, in the age of modern

technology and science, it is abundantly

clear that even the smallest cell or tiniest

molecule is more complex than Charles

Darwin could’ve fathomed. A special

creation, the kind described in Genesis

chapters 1 and 2, makes a much more

sensible explanation for why we see

complex organisms. So, it seems that

Charles Darwin’s theory has broken

down, though many still choose to believe

in it, despite the lack of real scientific

evidence. Try as they might, no

evolutionist has been able to come up with

the “missing link”, or any transitional

form in the fossil record.2 Why is that?

Because there are none! God created each

kind of creature with variety, yes, but not

with the ability to change from one kind

into another.

Footnotes: 1 http://tinyurl.com/bo3y9xf 2 http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/2000/10/

16/missing-link-takes-flight

Ministry Update

Sadly, the plans that we had to

host another apologetics and worldviews conference this summer are not coming together well enough for us to have the

conference this summer. We are disappointed about this, but we know that God has a plan, and that His timing is

perfect, so we trust that He will work this out for His glory! The main hang up has

been securing a venue suitable for the conference that would be available during a time when the speakers we

would like to have come are available. This is a matter about which you, our supporters can be joining us in prayer.

The good news is that a local Christian college has graciously offered to allow us

to use their facilities for the conference. Now it’s just a matter of getting the details worked out for when the facilities

will be available, and then coordinating with our line-up of speakers. It looks like the conference will have to be

postponed until fall or early winter because of this. Stay tuned, and we will give you more details as they become

available.

On a similar note, all the videos from the “One God. One Faith. One Book.” Conference hosted in Fall 2011,

are now available for anyone to view and share for free on our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/creationevangelism.

We invite you to view all 6 sessions online. Or, if you would prefer to have a

DVD copy of any or all of these videos, please write to us and let us know and we will be happy to send you DVDs for your

viewing and to share with others.

Thank you for your continued

prayers and support for our family, and for our ministry work! May the LORD

pour out His blessings upon you as you serve Him in the areas where He has called you to serve!

Mission Statement

We see the problem of

evolutionary thinking as eating

into the foundation of the

Biblically correct worldview. We

desire to strengthen the faith of

other Christians in the reliability

of Scripture, and equip them to

have answers for skeptics and

unbelievers. As our culture

declines morally, Christians need

to uphold the authority of the

Bible in every aspect of the

culture.

Our ultimate mission is to reach

souls for Christ. We work to lay

the Foundation (Genesis) for the

Gospel.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

You can contact CET Ministries by:

Mail: P.O. Box 265 Princeton, Texas 75407 Phone: (972) 542 - 6211 Email: [email protected] Website: www.creationevangelismtools.org

Free Offer!

To receive a free copy of the booklet: “7 Reasons Why We Should Not Accept Millions of Years” please write us at:

CET Ministries P.O. Box 265 Princeton, Texas 75407 [email protected]

Have you read your Bible today? “Seek first the kingdom of God and

His righteousness…” (Matt. 6:33)

“Your word I have hidden in my

heart, that I might not sin against

You.” (Psalm 119:11)