types of data: ratio specific intervals between consecutive numbers true zero value
DESCRIPTION
Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value. Interval level: Specific intervals between consecutive values Zero is just a number in the string. Ordinal level: numbers establish rank order distance between numbers is not any specific interval - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Types of Data:
Ratio• Specific intervals between consecutive numbers
• True zero value
![Page 2: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Interval level:
• Specific intervals between consecutive values
• Zero is just a number in the string
![Page 3: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ordinal level:
• numbers establish rank order
• distance between numbers is not any specific interval
e.g., 1st , 2nd, 3rd...
![Page 4: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nominal level:
• Numbers only categorize data.
• Numbers have no mathematical value.
e.g., 1 = male, 2 = female
![Page 5: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chi Square Goodness of fit
• for nominal level data
• identifies if a sample of people conform to the categories as expected.
![Page 6: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2
2
f ff
e o
e
2Where:
Chi Square
fe Frequency expected
fo Frequency observed
![Page 7: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Frequency expected:
The amount of subjects that you would expect to find in each category based on known information.
![Page 8: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Frequency observed:
The amount of subjects you actually find to be in each category in the present data.
![Page 9: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2
2
f ff
e o
e
![Page 10: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Let’s assume that:
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
![Page 11: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
First:
How many people do we expect to find in each category, based on these percentages?
Assume that the sample that you test has
n=50.
![Page 12: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
f ne %
The percentage needs to be written as a fraction or decimal.
![Page 13: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ffe
e
.20 5010
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
![Page 14: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
ffe
e
..25 5012 5
![Page 15: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
ffe
e
.30 5015
![Page 16: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
ffe
e
..15 507 5
![Page 17: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
ffe
e
.10 505
![Page 18: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
f e 10 12.5 15 7.5 5
![Page 19: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
20% 25% 30% 15% 10%
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1 fo
fe
![Page 20: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2
2
f ff
e o
e
![Page 21: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
fe
fo
H S. .
10 510
2
![Page 22: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
H S
H S
. .
.
10 510
510
2
2
H S
H S
. .
. . .
25102 5
![Page 23: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
fe
fo
12 5 712 5
2..
![Page 24: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Some college:
12 5 712 5
5512 5
2
2
..
..
30 2512 5
2 42
..
.
1)
2)
3)
4)
![Page 25: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
fe
fo
15 2515
2
![Page 26: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
15 2515
2
6 67.
1)
2)
3)
4)
College:
1015
2
15100
![Page 27: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
fe
fo
7 5 127 5
2..
![Page 28: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7 5 127 5
2..
4 57 5
2..
20 257 5..
M.A.
1)
2)
3)
4)70.2
![Page 29: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
10 12.5 15 7.5 5
5 7 25 12 1
h.s. Some college MA Ph.D
college
fe
fo
5 15
2
![Page 30: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
45
2
165
320.
5 15
2
Ph.D.
1)
2)
3)
4)
![Page 31: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2 2 50 2 42 6 67 2 70 320 . . . . .
2 17 49 .
![Page 32: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Critical Value:
Chi Square table
df = K-1 where k is # of groups
df=4
crit value = 9.488
![Page 33: Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051403/5681301b550346895d959753/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
17.49 > 9.48
Therefore there is a significant difference between the expected and observed frequencies.