•Most of us spend 75% of our waking hours communicating our knowledge/thoughts/ideas to others

•Great deal of our communication is in a non verbal form

•It includes facial expression/eye contact/tone of voice/body posture and motions/clothes we wear or silence we keep•Example of a movie hall

•Non verbal coined in the 20th century

ContdThe non verbal features include –

communication through touch/smell/clothing/masks/vocal features such as -stress-speech rate-accent –volume

There are so many definitions-it is the communication that uses non –

linguistic means to convey the message

Significance in OrganizationsSamuel Morse inventor of the first electric

telegraph invented special alphabets of dots and dashes called Morse code that is still used today-to communicate words quickly over distances-other codes developed to conceal the meaning of he messages-such codes have played significant role in a variety of military battles

Non verbal communication is nothing new “don’t watch a persons mouth but his fists” was the advice of Martin Luther the sixteenth century religious reformer

We all know that the our earliest communication successfully took place without words

-as babies we communicated with every body only through non verbal language-left behind but it has a profound subconscious effect

As professional we find that we are ill-equipped to cope with contradictions between verbal & nonverbal messages that will come across in the organization

We should know to use the non verbal clues-understanding /interpreting correcly

Research has shown that between 70 & 90% of the entire communication spectrum is non verbal

-You have to be aware of the different forms of non verbal communication you will encounter during negotiation/conferences

-We continually send & receive non verbal messages

-most of us are not aware

-doctors/politicians/CEO are excellent non verbal communicators-some call it charisma others call it style

If you are only aware of the senders verbal message you will likely miss the major portion of the overall communication

Being aware of both non verbal & verbal messages will give you an important edge

Skills in interpreting nonverbal communications will help you to collect useful information from others involved in the communication process

An awareness of nonverbal communication may also prevent you from harming your own position by inadvertently sending non verbal signals that disclose confidential information or a weakness in your position

Example-Different strokes for different folks-non verbal behaviours in different cultures can cause even greater problems than the ones related to language problems

Non verbal can be unintentional/unconscious-makes it difficult to study-scientific study –sophisticated recording

Non verbal cues are important in emotional communication

-regarded as central to inter-personal relationships

-Knowledge of non verbal communication is important for managers who serve as leaders of organizational teams for two reasons

First-to function effectively as a team leader-team members project attitudes/feelings/personal

needs /growth/achievement/recognition

Second-how something is expressed may carry more significance and weight than what is said-accompanied by a smile/frown/scolding voice or gentle voice

Those sending the message should understand themselves better

Silent language/nonverbal language important to management-leadership & decision making style

-in job interviews and advertising

Forms of Non Verbal Communication

Conscious non verbal communication-Senders of conscious no verbal communication are aware of what they are doing /example giving a hug –message is friendship

Subliminal Non Verbal communication-are communicated to the subconscious mind of the receiver/the uniform of a police /military-power

Voluntary or involuntary messages-Counscious and subliminal messages can be transmitted voluntarily or involuntarily

Involuntary non verbal communication-body language

Voluntary non verbal communication-Non verbal communication an be controlled by a knowledgeable person-A person knows that people telling lies blink their eyes/so takes special care not to blink his eyes

• Types of Non Verbal communication• It is a combination of cues and codes that

work together to produce a certain meaning

• There has to be integration of code and cues to give a meaning

• Their functions-To create impression-To manage interaction-To send relational message-To send power and persuasion

Kinesics Facial expression/posture/gesture

Oculesics Eye contact

Haptics The communication of touch

Proxemics The communication of space & proximity

Appearance and artifacts The physical characteristics/the attire/ac-cessories/perfume/makeup /jewellery etc

Paralinguistics/vocalics Variation in pitch/speed/volume and pauses

Chronemics The effects of time in communication

Gestures-are observed actions-Ambiguous or unambiguous/pointing at water

and mouth-wants to drink water-unnatural gestures-touching the body/playing

with objects like clothing or pens/lip licking smiling too often

-Beneficial gestures-performed with hands /arms and heads

-arms/hands

Conscious gestures-emblematic-gesture to sit down/propositional gesture-size/this big

Spontaneous Gestures-unplanned /unselfconscious-gestures while speaking on the phone

-Four types of spontaneous gestures-Iconic gestures may specify the manner in which

an action is to be carried out-Metaphoric gestures-no physical form /meeting

went on and on-hand indicating rolling motion-Deictics/locate in the physical space in front of the

narrator/to demarcate or wave away-Beat gestures/small baton like movements /she

talked first/I mean second accompanied by hand flicking down and then up

Oculesics-is the way eyes are used during a communication exchange

This may include eye contact or the avoidance of eye contact

It is also associated with kinesic movementsFor example regulators often rely on both a

kinesic component such as raising of an eye brow and an oculesic component such as looking into the eye of the other person to get a message

It is a powerful form of non verbal communication

Eye is the most noticeable non verbal behaviour that affects credibility-like old saying “eyes are your window to the world”

Good Eye contact enables the sender of a message to determine whether the receiver is paying attention/showing respect/responding favourably/feeling distress

Likewise the receiver ‘s perspective good eye contact reveals the speakers sincerity/confidence/truthfulness

The following can serve as effective guidance on eye contact

-If you have trouble staring someone in the look at someone in the eye look at something else on their face

When speaking to a group look at everyone

Look at people who are key decision makers or hold power

Look at reactive listenersDo not look at the floor /scripts or anything that

causes you tilt your head away from the receiverDo not look at bad listeners who may distract you

Haptics-Touching is our first non verbal experience in life

Through touch we learn to relate to people and objects

Touching is critical to our sense of wellbeing

We feel loved /cared for/respected/appreciated/emotionally supported with touch

This form of non verbal communication also exists in other communication activities such as handshake/touching someone’s feet to show respect

Haptic behaviour is used to indicate the degree of intimacy

Divided into-Functional/professional-Social/polite-friendship/warmth-love /intimacy

Touching patterns differ with children & adults/friends /strangers/subordinates and superiors in your work environment

In Indian context many managers feel uncertain whether to touch or not –or how –to touch other people at work –especially when the other person is of the opposite sex

Touch is an important way to convey warmth/comfort and reassurance can be ignored

Proxemics-space /distance /territory are factors related to proxemic communication

Space is the distance a person maintains between him/herself and his/her fellows and which he /she builds around him/her/in his/her home 7 office

The ways in which a person uses space may be very significant to communication

There are many different types of space that include ways in which we keep our home and office and how we maintain personal space

Personal space /area around our bodies which we do not want to be intruded-personal space is your bubble-the invisible boundary

Distance Relation Volume

Close (8 in to 12 in) Highly personal/seldom in public

Audible wishper/very confidential

Near(12 in to 36 in) Many social interaction occur

Indoors/soft voice

Neutral(4.5 ft to 5 ft) Most social gatherings and business transactions

Outdoors/full voice

Public distance 5.5 ft to 8 ft)

Business /social discourse/more formal

Full voice with slight over loudness

Across the room (8ft to 20 ft)

Far distance (20ft and more

Used by teachers/speakers at public gatherings

Public speaking by public figures

Loud voice talking to a group

Public address systems

Appearance and Artifacts-Potential employers/customers/colleagues are impressed by people who are trim/muscular and good in shape

One’s physical appearance creates an image of the person in the same way the other non verbal message do

People who look attractive are considered to be likable and persuasive/they have generally successful careers

They are more credible more often than less attractive people

You must always keep in mind the following in mind:-

Pay attention to good grooming /including a neat hairstyle/body hygiene/polished shoes and clean nails

Invest in professional looking clothing and accessories

Avoid flashy garments/clunky jewellery/garish make up and overpowering perfumes

Ensure that you feel comfortable in your attire and that your accessories suit you before embarking on your business day

Paralanguage/vocalics-You may have overheard two people arguing in the adjoining room even though you could not make out their words/their emotions and the fact they were arguing were explicit from the sound and tone of their voices

Likewise you might have heard two of your colleagues talking to each other in a different language other than yours/though you could not understand the contents you would have had some idea about their talk or at least their feelings-excitement/delight/frustration/ex-hausation/boredom or grief-from the tone of their voice and other non verbal means

Voice is an extraordinary human instrumentPeople from different walks of life recognize that

the human voice communicates something beyond language

These effects are referred o by impressionistic descriptions /such as tone of voice/voice quality/manner of speaking/or the way they said it

Para language refers to all vocally produced sound that is not a direct form of linguistic communication

Paralanguage includes utterance that may have strong signifying traits but no semantic meaning

This non lexical vocal communication may be considered a type of non verbal communication in its broadest sense as it can suggest many emotional nuances

This category includes a number of sub categories:

-Tone(direct/commanding/loud/harsh/disguised/soft/gentle/comforting/pleasing/volatile/scheming/sharp/boisterous/rage/nasal etc

-Inflection(spread-narrow)Stressing-I’ve got a BIG project/Stretching- I’ve got a B___i____g project/pausing-I’ve got ….a big project

Pitch(high-Low)Intensity-(loud-soft0Articulation(precise-imprecise)Rhythm-(smooth-jerky)

Quality-Dysfluencies/pauses(silence-vocalized)-

phwe/uh/oh/-tempo/pacing(rapid-slow)speaking too quickly

Chronemics-use of time as a message system-including punctuality/waiting time/time spent