ud4 wk3 a1 3aot

AOTs in Turkey, Jordan, Syria:

situations & perspectives,

few lessons from a regional project

Dr Safak HENGIRMEN-TERCAN Director of Environment, MM Gaziantep, Turkey

Coordinator of SUMPA-MED Regional Project www.sumpa-med.net

Eng. Bernard CORNUT – ADEME (Paris), Energy Efficiency & Environment Expert

A programme funded by the European Union

Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Adapted to Med. Countries “SUMPA-MED”

http://www.sumpa-med.net/



CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011

AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &

perspectives

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SUMPA-MED Project’s Partners & Associates

• Contractor Cordinator: GaziantepMetropolitan Municipality (Turkey)

• with 6 Partners : Aleppo (Syria)

• Amman & Irbid (Jordan) as pilot cities

• Marmara Union of Municipalities (Istanbul), Paris, Stuttgart as technical partners.

• & 5 Associates: Ministry of Environment & Forestry (Turkey-Ankara); Ministry of Municipal Affairs (Jordan-Amman), ADEME & Grand Lyon (FR), AUDI Arab Urban Development Institute (Riyadh)

• Budget: 812500€. Grant 650000€

• Duration: 3 years (2010-2012) + extension to be requested!

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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Objective & Expected Results

• Objective: To help the local authorities in Syria & Jordan to introduce environmental, energy & socio-economic criteria for developing sustainable urban mobility plans

• Expected Results:

• A network of professionals.

• Transfer of know-how, experiences & best practices related to

• sustainable modes of transport, and organisational systems

• and more specifically:

• Aleppo: A cleaner environment in the Old City area

• Amman: Financing identified for a rapid implementation of

the planned backbone of a Mass Transit System. Methodology of impact evaluation on reduction of vehicles and CO2 emissions

• Irbid: Authority obtained towards organising & regulating urban transport.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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EU Project management issues (up-dated Oct. 2011)

• ISSUES

• 5 languages: EN, FR, TR, DE, AR

• No experience in EU projects in 3 pilot cities!

• SY & JO municipalities cannot make use of the future reimbursements of eligible costs

• Difficulties in managing last minute changes

• Difficulties in drafting simple but specific MoU with the Partners

• On-going civil troubles in several cities of Syria

• Difficulties to manage under complex financial rules of EU grant projects.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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Why?: Urban Congestion, Air

Pollution, Noise, Growing costs!

AMMAN

ANKARA

GAZIANTEP

NEW-DELHI

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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Objective: Multi-Modal Sustainable Urban Mobility,

to be developed by exchanging on best practices

for lower emissions, lower costs, easy access

Ankara CNG Bus

& LPG taxis

Bursa Multimodal station

Eskişehir Multimodal Plan

Istanbul: largest

sea passenger port

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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ALEPPO (Syria). Priority: access to Old

City, converting to clean mobility inside

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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AMMAN (Jordan): accelerated growth, need &

plan to develop mass transport systems

1945: 25 000 Inhabts

2010: over 2 millions

in Greater Amman

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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IRBID (Jordan). Priorities: getting full Authority

on Urban & Peri-urban Mobility; Light rail to

distant University; use of bicycles

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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Marmara Union of Municipalities

(Turkey): over 20 millions; the world

largest passengers port & longest BRT

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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Mass Transit Systems, OK but…need planning, investment & integration

Tramway crossing,

StrasbourgBus Rapid Transit,

Istanbul, 42km x 2 lanes

Ankara, Suburban trainModern funicular,

Istanbul Taksim-

Kabataş

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


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TURKEY: Situation & perspectives• For each of 16 Metropolitan Municipalities, there is a

transport coordination board (UKoMe) including all stakeholders of transport. The Metropolitan Municipality has the full authority in the city center.

• The President of this board is the elected Mayor of Metropolitan Municipality.

• The license for inter-urban transport (passengers & freight) is delivered by the central government /DG Roads

• For Municipalities, the budget, incl. for transport, is being planned according to the 4 years-strategic plan of the Municipality, then approved by the Municipal council.

• Approved budget will be allocated from the central government.

• Road Infrastructure is constructed by the Municipality.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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TURKEY: Situation 2 & perspectives• Bank of Local Authorities (iller bankası) can provide a loan

for urban transport projects if needed. Reimbursements of loan will be deduced from the budget allocation of Municipality at Bank. A Municipality can not borrow above 150% of its yearly income.

• All public transport modes can be operated by the Municipality or by private companies.

• The UT operation licenses are taken from the Municipality.

• Ownership for the busses can be municipal or private.

• Laws permit built-operate-transfer models (BOT) & PPP.

• The ticket income is belonging to owner of the fleets, without obligation to use it for transport projects.

• As Municipalities are short of budget, it became usual that a private company pay for the e-ticketing system against receiving a % of the ticket income.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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TURKEY: Situation & perspectives

• A new Law on Public Private Partnership has extended the possible duration (49) much over one municipal term.

• Gaziantep M. Municipality acquired experience with PPP in other fields (use of landfill gas; medical waste processing).

• Gaziantep M.M. & the National Railways Co (TCDD) aim to found a joint private Co for operating a suburban train line to the industrial zones, under construction.

• For busses, Gaziantep has a rather negative experience about privatisation (2006).

• Within its recent Energy & Climate Action Plan, reducing CO2 emissions & air pollution became a target. 50 CNG busses will be bought with EBRD loan.

• Accessibility must be improved by Law before 2014.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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JORDAN: Situation & perspectives

• The Ministry of Municipal Affairs still set the strategy, has the authority to plan, deliver licenses for urban transport,

• Except for Great Amman Municipality & Aqaba

• The new regional Authorities set the interurban tariffs.

• A future Law has been announced in Spring 2011 for transferring this authority to other Municipalities, if recognized able to manage urban transport.

• There is a limited competition for elections at Great Municipalities. The government has recently appointed interim Mayors. New Municipal elections prepared.

• SUMPA-MED and Irbid organised a workshop on May31 & June 1, 2011 to explain & discuss AOT roles & rules.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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JORDAN: Situation & perspectives• In IRBID, transfer of full Authority and new financial

resources are strongly expected.

• SUMPA-MED has a budget line for a feasibility study.

• Involvement of the civil society might bring the issue of Urban Transport modernisation into the electoral debate.

• The presently sensitive political and media debates about the adequacy, feasibility & implementation of the Amman Transport Master Plan reveal the structural weakness of status & resources for the transition from low public action to high investment in mass urban transport.

• Minister of Transport visited Lyon in June 2011 & observed the rules, roles & techniques of its strong AOT.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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SYRIA: Situation & perspectives• Status of Municipalities: direct elections of the Council but

the Mayor is still appointed

• Financial resources are very limited, especially for investment in infrastructures

• There are bus fleets run by the Municipality and licenses delivered to many private minibus (no ticket, no statistics, no comfort!), to taxis & possibly to private bus. Little control of emissions.

• In Damascus the Province (Mohafazat) has a Directorate of Transport managing planning studies and studies of new infrastructure (metro)

• In Old Cities (Aleppo, Damascus), strict control of access for cars and vans (timing in-out, size, residents only).

• Parking policy: usually free in residential areas; in city centres: formal/unformal fees, few saturated parkings

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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SYRIA: Situation & perspectives• The Concept of independent metropolitan AOT still not

considered at political level. Except Minister of Transport ?

• After exposure to the SYTRAL concept, Damascus & Aleppo transport teams dream of a new status, including:

• Public body with self rule, regular extra budgetary financial resources, large control over tariffs & access to loans, public ownership of infrastructures & fleets, possibility of competitive tendering for operation.

• Low prices of fuels (#0,7€/l gasoline) & minibus tariffs (5-10 SYP/trip = 8-17 €cent), provide an opportunity for structural reform + new financing model.

• The current civil troubles might hopefully lead to strengthen the elected local authorities!

• Urban transport & metro studies ready for Damascus make a case for arranging a consistent package “ new status & resources, adequate tariffs, soft loan, tender for operation”

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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What happens without AOT?• Lack of integrated vision

• Poor coordination (bus, tram, minibus, rail,

urban planning)

• Not adequate parking policy

• No integration of fares/tariff

• Too Administrative or too commercial control

may both lead to lack of offer for low density

areas & to poor response to the social demand.

• Successful PPP models should be publicised.

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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What happens without financial support ?

• If the fuels are rather cheap, cars, taxis & minibus share increases. Nearly no bus & heavy modes! Congestion & air pollution will grow !

• If fuels & car taxes are high, minibus & bus are numerous, but little chance for heavy modes in private competition…

• If municipalities + State invest too much in heavy modes (tram, BRT, trolleybus), the financial burden limits the possibilities of complementary actions.

• The balance among all modes must be finely tuned at AOT level!

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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What are the key suggestions for a

sustainable urban mobility ?• At local urban level, establish a independent &

democratically controlled AOT owning and investing, with a large scope (mobility+ parking)

• See UITP recent brochure www.uitp.org

• Establish at national legal level a stable financial resource for a « cleaner » sustainable mobility

• Such as a “pollution fee” on fuels and/or gross salaries, at sufficient level

• Organise mutual support & exchange of experience among AOTs/ Cities

• Organise training, training & innovation

CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA

Oct. 18-20, 2011


perspectives

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SUMPA-MEDa project supported by EU Grant (CIUDAD programme)

ud4 wk3 a1 3aot

Documents

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