IntroductionBackgroundObjectives/Purpose

MethodSubjectsEquipmentSpecial ConsiderationsExperimental ProcedureLab Work

Analysis

Conclusion

The time course of lane change: Driver control and eye-movement behavior.*Duration of a single lane change averaged 5.14

± 0.86s.“…drivers direct more their gaze to the mirror

and less to the start lane.”

Control and monitoring during lane changes.** “Gazes at the mirror [have] average duration of

approximately 350ms.” * Salvucci, D. D., Liu, A. (2002). The Time Course of a Lane Change: Driver Control and Eye Movement Behavior. Transportation Research, Part F, 5(2): 123-132.**Salvucci, D. D., Liu, A., Boer, E. R. Control and Monitoring During Lane Changes. (Source: http://www.mit.edu/~amliu/Papers/VIV9-SalLiuBoer.pdf)

Previous work addresses lane change behavior.

This study looks at eye movements of drivers as they merge into incoming highway traffic.

Figure 1 – Merging vs. Single lane change

TADDA- Traffic and Driver Data AnalysisThis software developed at URI

It wirelessly integrates the sensors such as Automobile On Board Computers, accelerometers and GPSs.When a test drive is completed the software allows easy export of all the data with synchronization for post drive analysis.

Identify most common eye movements during the merging maneuver in rural arterial road.

Determine the average number of total glances during such maneuver.

Determine gazes’ average duration for the most commons glances.

19 test drives performed

Only: 14 could be used for determined the average

glancesand 9 to calculated the eye fixations average

duration

Reasons:Bad eye data because excessive blinkingFaulty in calibration or synchronization

Weather Conditions Eye makeup and glass can not be wear during the experiment.

Eye Scan Device (with 2 cameras)

Digital Video Recorder (DVR)

GPS reciever

Laptop computer

Camcorder

Figure 2 – Eye Scan Device

Figure 3 – Experiment’s equipment

The subject must look at the test pattern for image calibration.

Adjust the eye tracker’s cameras to assure that the images are seen well.

Run TADDA software and pair the GPS receiver with the laptop.

The subject is ask to close their eyes for 10 seconds for synchonization purpose.

Figure 5 – Procedure steps

Figure 6 – Localization of experiment’s area [Source: Google Earth]

Eye TrackerEye Camera

Eye TrackerEye Camera

Eye TrackerView Camera

Eye TrackerView Camera

Digital Video RecorderDigital Video Recorder

ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software

ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software

Video with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorFigure 7 – ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software’s print screen

Figure 8 – Point of interest ‘s print screen

Graph 1 – Eye Fixations

Graph 2 – Vehicle Path

Graph 3 – Subjects by glances' type

Graph 4 – Glances by subjects

Glance to: Left Side Left SideMirror Back Rear

Mirror

RightSide

Mirror

Glances in the

maneuver

Max 2 7 5 2 1 12

Min 0 0 0 0 0 3

Average 0.50 3.21 ≈ 3 1.29 ≈1 0.92 0.08 5.93 ≈6

Male 0.70 2.90 1.50 1.00 0.10 6.20

Female 0.00 3.67 0.33 0.67 0.00 4.67

Mode 0.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 7.00

Variance 0.73 6.03 1.91 0.59 0.07 5.61

Standard Deviation 0.85 2.46 ≈ 2 1.38 ≈ 1 0.77 0.27 2.37 ≈ 2

Table 1 – Glances Results

Mean Duration Max Min Variance Standard

Deviation

seconds (s)

Left Side 0.553 0.833 0.100 0.094 0.307

Back 0.842 1.200 0.300 0.090 0.300

Left Side Mirror

0.508 1.633 0.067 0.067 0.307

mili seconds (ms)

Left Side 553.3 833.3 100.0 94.2 307.0

Back 841.7 1200.0 300.0 89.8 299.6

Left Side Mirror

507.7 1633.3 66.7 66.7 306.7

Single Lane Change: “Gazes at the mirror [have] average duration of approximately

350 ms.” *

Table 2 – Summery of gaze’s duration

Table 5 – Gaze’s mean duration by type

GlanceMean

Duration

Left Side Mirror

Left Mirror Rear Mirror

merge with incoming cars(seconds) 0.367 0.453 0.653

(ms) 366.7 453.3 653.3 merge without incoming cars

(seconds) 0.100 0.689 0.733(ms) 100.0 688.9 733.3

Merge with

incoming cars

Merge without

incoming cars

Both

Glance Mean Duration (ms)Left Side Mirror 366.7 100.0 553.3

Table 3 – Gaze mean duration when the merging maneuver was preformed with or without incoming cars

Table 4 – Comparison of left side mirror gaze mean duration .

Graph 6 – Comparison of left side mirror gaze mean duration .

Most common eye movements during the merging maneuver (ramp to US-1). Side mirror glanceBack glance

The average number of total glances during such maneuver is approximated 6.

Gazes’ average duration: 553 ms for side mirror glance 842 ms for back glance But it varies depending on the incoming

traffic.