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Pacific Operational Science & Technology Conference:

Maritime Security Workshop

CDR Walt Hokett

17 March, 2011

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Agenda

• Definitions and References• Maritime Security Process• Elements of Maritime Security• Spectrum of Maritime Threats• National Maritime Security Policy • Maritime Security Perspective for PACOM• PACOM MARSEC Strategy Framework

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Definitions and References

• Maritime Security (MARSEC): The condition in which a nation’s sovereignty, interests, resources, and citizens and their property in the maritime domain are protected, and able to recover rapidly from threats including but not limited to terrorism, weapons proliferation, transnational crime, piracy, environmental destruction, and illegal seaborne immigration.

• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy or environment of a nation. – Maritime Domain Awareness is a component of and key enabler for Maritime Security.

• Maritime Domain: All areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances.

• References– NSPD-41: National Maritime Security Policy (21 Dec 04) (Updated Policy ready for approval )– HSPD-13: National Strategy for Maritime Security (Sep 05)– National Strategy to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness (Oct 05)

NOTE: The underlined and italicized text above indicates a new or revised definition.

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Legal Authority and JurisdictionSituational Awareness

Territorial Security

Inter-agency and International Cooperation

Interdiction Capabilities

Responsive Decision-Making Architecture

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Maritime Security Process

Fusion &

Sharing

Information

Cueing

Prosecute

Surveillance

Interdiction

Apprehend

Locate / Assess

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Knowledge regarding all activity in the maritime domain – much more than just a common operating picture

Ensuring that the information obtained is available to those individuals who have the authority to determine

the appropriate response

Once the appropriate response is determined, the resource must be able to locate the object of interest

Elements of jurisdiction and the presence of laws relating to the misconduct must be present for

successful prosecution

There are very few agencies in the world that have all the resources or authority they need to develop a high

level of maritime security

Elements of Maritime Security

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EnhancedMaritime

Interdiction Ops

Environmental Response

Coastal Sea Control /

Mine Counter

Measures

CounterDrugOps

Low Intensity Conflict / SurfaceWarfare

Strikes&

Raids

Exec

utio

n of

Ope

ratio

nsEx

ecut

ion

of O

pera

tions

Theater Security

& Stability

Ops

MajorCombat

Ops

USCG

Full Range of Capabilities Across the Full Spectrum of ThreatsFull Range of Capabilities Across the Full Spectrum of Threats

Port Anti-Terrorism

Ops / Mine

Detection & Prevention

Aids ToNavigation

OtherLaw

Enforcement

AlienMigrant Ops

&Disaster /

HumanitarianAssistance

Show ofForce &Flexible

DeterrentOptions

M a r i t i m e S e c u r i t y M a r i t i m e D e f e n s e

Lower Intensity Conflict

Homeland-Centric

Law Law EnforcementEnforcement

Maritime SecurityMaritime Security - Human Smuggling & Slave Trade - Drug Trafficking & Narco-Terrorism - Arms & Monetary Smuggling - Passenger Vessel Protection - Critical Infrastructure Protection - Mining of Strategic Ports - High Value Asset Protection - Surveillance & Broadcasting - Border Security Threats - Sea Lines of Communication Security - Weapons of Mass Destruction/Effect - Transnational Threats - Piracy

MilitaryMilitary

Higher Intensity Conflict

Expeditionary-Centric

Homeland Capable

Counter- Terrorism

Ops

Spectrum of Maritime Threats

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National Maritime Security Policy

• U.S. Policy strongly endorses a multi-lateral, whole of government approach to Maritime Security cooperation

– “Secure waterways are vital to the peace and prosperity of the United States…and can be achieved only by seamlessly employing all instruments of national power in a fully coordinated manner with other nations consistent with international law.”

• 1982 UN Convention for Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)– US signed, but not ratified by Senate, BUT our policy is to abide by it’s provisions

• National Strategy for MARSEC– Prevent terrorist / criminal acts– Protect maritime population centers and critical infrastructure– Minimize damage and expedite recovery– Safeguard oceans and resources

• Lines of Operation (Actions)– Enhance international cooperation (DOS Lead)– Maximize MDA (DOD Lead)– Embed security into commercial practices (DHS Lead)– Deploy layered security (DHS, DOD and DOJ Lead – DOS support)– Ensure continuity of the maritime transportation system (DHS Lead)

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Maritime Security Perspective for PACOM

• 21st century maritime security relates primarily to… – Economic concerns and energy continuity– Non-traditional security threats

• Sea Lines of Communication remain crucial to commerce – 90% of world’s cargo travels by sea– SOM = 25% of world trade, 50% of world’s oil (80% of NE Asia)– Energy requirements of developing world increasing rapidly

• Non-Traditional Security Threats– Transnational criminals– Illegal seaborne migration– Environmental issues– Border and territorial disputes– Terrorism

• U.S. Interests– Homeland Defense: Prevent hostile and criminal acts and terrorist attacks– Economic: Preserve freedom of the seas to facilitate legitimate activities

Common Reasons to Improve Maritime Security

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PACOM MARSEC Strategy Framework

• End State– Freedom of navigation and commerce on the seas– Prevent terrorist attacks and criminal or hostile acts– Partner Nations that are able to:

• Enforce their national laws within their respective territorial seas• Share timely, relevant maritime security information• Conduct multilateral surveillance and interdiction operations

• Lines of Operation – Theater Security Cooperation: Build Capacity (Both USG and Partner Nations)

• Increase MDA and information sharing + Improve interdiction capabilities– Confidence Building Measures: Between USG Agencies and Partner Nations

• Responsive, multi-lateral decision-making + appropriate legal authorities

• Means– Organizational: PACOM Components, Other USG Agencies, Maritime Industry, etc– Regional Forums: ASEAN, ARF, conferences/workshops, mil-to-mil engagement– Financial: FMF, FMS, Section 1206 and 1207, US Law Enforcement authorities

Implementing PACOM’s MARSEC Strategy is a Team Effort

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Questions?

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PACOM’s MARSEC/MDA Team

CAPT Erin Brogan, PACOM Coast Guard LNO(808) 477-9099

CDR Walt Hokett, Maritime Strategy and Policy(808) 477-8049

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FY11 Maritime Projects

• South Asia Multilateral MARSEC Conference – OPR: J56 & CCMR– BG, IN, MV and SL event in Sri Lanka Q4 FY11

• Philippines: Coast Watch South Capability Exercise (CWSCAPEX) – OPR: PACFLT N5– Support year 2 of 3 of CWSCAPEX – Q3&4 FY11

• Cambodia: National Maritime Security Committee Development (NMSC)

– OPR: PACFLT N5– Support development of Cambodia’s NMSC – Q1 FY11

• SCS Maritime Conference – OPR: PACOM J56 & PACFLT N5– Initially proposed at ARF ISM in March 2010 as MDA conference– ASEAN + Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea– Host nation Philippines. Alternates host in Singapore or Indonesia– Plan in FY11 and execution in FY12 (TBD)

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FY11 Maritime Projects

The following proposals are on hold pending resolution of funding:

• Vietnam: Maritime Information Sharing Seminar – OPR: PACOM J52/56 & CCMR– Non-binding venue for Vietnam interagency (TBD)

• 5th Trilateral Maritime Security Conference – OPR: PACOM J56– ID, MY, PH event in Malaysia (TBD)

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Activities to Date

• Bi-lateral Interagency Maritime Security Activities– Workshops to develop Maritime Security Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)– Table Top Exercises to validate SOPs

• Multi-lateral Maritime Security Activities– Sponsored Maritime Security Trilateral Conferences

• 1st Policy Maker Maritime Security Conference (May 2008)• 4th Tri-Lateral Maritime Security Conf (Sep 2009)

– Counter VEO Seminar in Maldives – CCMR (July 2010)– Developed Notional Bi-lateral Maritime Security SOPs

• Promote cooperative efforts with 1206 provided equipment

• Support to USG Interagency Activities– 1st Tri-lateral Interagency Maritime Law Enforcement Workshop (Jul 2009)– 2nd Tri-lateral Interagency Maritime Law Enforcement Workshop (Mar 2010)

• DOJ’s International Criminal Investigative Training and Assistance Program led event / PACOM supporting

– Coordination with DOS Regional Strategic Initiative (RSI)

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Key MARSEC Events for 2011+

• Bi-lateral Interagency Maritime Security Activities – PH Coast Watch South Capability Exercise Plan (Q3-4 FY 11)– CB National Maritime Security Committee (NMSC) Development (FY11)

o 4 related events planned in FY11, one postponed due to FY11 APRI funding– Other Bilateral planning activities will continue

• Multi-lateral Maritime Security Activities – SA Maritime Security Conference (11-15 July in Colombo, Sri Lanka)– SCS Maritime Conference (FY12, Philippines)

o Plan development and shaping activities funded by FY11 APRI – 5th Tri-Lateral Maritime Security Conference (Dates TBD, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia)

o Postponed due to FY11 APRI funding

• Support to other USG agency Activities – Future Tri-lateral Interagency Maritime Law Enforcement Workshops (DOJ) – Continue work with DOS (RSI), DHS and DOT

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Fusion &

Sharing

Information

Cueing

Prosecute

Legal Authority and JurisdictionSituational Awareness

Territorial Security

Inter-agency and International Cooperation

Interdiction Capabilities

Responsive Decision-Making Architecture

Maritime Security Process

Surveillance

Interdiction

Apprehend

Locate / Assess