understanding injectors and fertilizer ratios
DESCRIPTION
Presentation from ProGreen EXP, Denver, CO given on Thursday 11 February 2010TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Injectors and Fertilizer Ratios
Steven E. Newman, Ph.D., A.A.F.Greenhouse Crops Extension Specialist and Professor of FloricultureColorado State University Extension
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2ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
How Fertilizer Injectors WorkInjectors are mechanical
devices that take a small amount of a concentrated chemical from a stock tank and introduce it to a water line for delivery
Injectors are ideal for applyingWater soluble fertilizers, Pesticides, Plant growth regulators,Wetting agents,Disinfectants, andMineral Acids
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
To plants
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3ProGreen EXPO 2010
How Fertilizer Injectors Work• One part of stock solution is
mixed with “x” parts of water in the waterline, where “x” is determined by the injector ratio.
• The size of the stock tank can vary from as small as 5 gallons to as large as 2,000 gallons.
• A 5-gallon stock tank used with a 1:100 injector ratio will yield 500 gallons of final solution.
• Often, injector ratios are expressed as a percentage.
Injector ratios expressed as percentages• 1:50 = 2%• 1:100 = 1%• 1:200 = 0.5%• 1:500 = 0.2%
11 February 2010
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4ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
How Fertilizer Injectors Work
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
100 parts toplants
1 part fertilizer concentrate
99 parts water
Injector ratio1:100
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5ProGreen EXPO 2010
How Fertilizer Injectors Work
Types of Injectors• Venturi Injectors– Hozon and Syphonex
• Positive Displacement Injectors– Dosotron– DosMatic– Anderson– Smith– Gewa
11 February 2010
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6ProGreen EXPO 2010
Venturi Injectors
11 February 2010
Simplistic No moving parts Inject at a constant rate Inexpensive Uses pressure created
between the waterline and the stock tank to draw concentrated fertilizer into the hose connection from the vacuum line
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7ProGreen EXPO 2010
Venturi Injectors
11 February 2010
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8ProGreen EXPO 2010
Venturi Injectors
• Venturi designs– Simplistic– No moving parts– Inject at a constant rate– Inexpensive
• Siphon Hose– 16:1 Ratio – Dispenses fertilizers as
well as other pesticides
11 February 2010
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9ProGreen EXPO 2010
Venturi Fertilizer Injectors
Pros• Simple with no moving
parts• Inexpensive• Flexible for many
chemicals including wettable powders
• Portable
Cons• Back pressure can stop
siphon (check valve)• Unit should not be
further than 50 feet from hose end
• Reduction in water pressure and flow
• Minimum 35 psi water pressure
11 February 2010
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10ProGreen EXPO 2010
Positive Displacement Injectors• Consistent injector ratios over
a wide range of water pressures and flow rates
• Many models use water pressure as the power source
• Injector ratios can often be adjusted while in use
• The limiting factor is the minimum and maximum flow rates permissible
11 February 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Smith Measuremix– Water driven pump– Cast metal and stainless
steel construction– Injector ratios are
factory set at 1:100, or 1:200
1111 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectors
1211 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
• Smith Measuremix– Water driven pump– Cast metal and stainless
steel construction– Injector ratios are factory
set at 1:100, or 1:200– Some models have dual
heads for simultaneous injection of different chemicals
– Repairs are expensive and the units are heavy
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Dosatron / DosMatic– Water driven– Polymer construction– Typically installed
directly in the water line
1311 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectors
1411 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
• Dosatron / DosMatic– Water driven– Polymer construction– Typically installed
directly in the water line– Multiple units for dual
injection of different chemicals
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Dosatron / DosMatic– Simultaneously inject
products that may not be compatible in a stock solution
– May be easier to install inexpensive injectors in-line
– Multi-head systems for greater volumes of water
1511 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Anderson Ratio:Feeder– water driven– cast metal construction– polymer construction– module injection heads
1611 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Positive Displacement Pump Proportioner– water driven– cast metal construction– polymer construction– module injection heads
• metering device
1711 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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18ProGreen EXPO 2010
Positive Displacement Injectors
11 February 2010
Mixing Tank
Water Motor
InjectorHead
FertilizerStockTank
Water flow in
Water/Fertilizerflow out
pH and EC electrodes
Anderson Ratio:Feeders can be automated with sensors and a computer to regulate fertilizer ratios.
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Positive Displacement Injectors
• Positive Displacement Pump Proportioner– water driven– cast metal construction– polymer construction– module injection heads
• metering device• electronic control
1911 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010
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20ProGreen EXPO 2010
Positive Displacement InjectorsGewa Injector
11 February 2010
PolybutyleneBladder with
FertilizerConcentrate
Flow in Flow out
Wat
er p
ress
ure
Wat
er p
ress
ure
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21ProGreen EXPO 2010
Which injector is best for you?• Size of your operation
– Greenhouses up to 10,000 square feet are easily serviced with small units
– Larger greenhouses may want to consider a more permanent installation
• Types of fertility programs– Different crops may have different
fertility regimens– Consider future expansion
• Water flow rates• Injector ratios
– Fixed ratio injectors– Variable ratio injectors
• Water pressure• Water quality• Stock tank size
– At least large enough to satisfy daily irrigation needs
– May need two separate tanks– Opaque to sunlight– Make sure that the stock tank is
lower than the injector to prevent back siphoning
• Chemicals being injected• Portable or stationary• Ease of repair, parts availability,
longevity• Manufacturer’s support
11 February 2010
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Positive Displacement Injectorsopen/closed
clos
ed/o
pen
Chec
k va
lve
Parallel
Series
Bypass Permanently installed injectors may be plumbed off the main water line in several configurations.
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23ProGreen EXPO 201011 February 2010
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24ProGreen EXPO 2010
Chemicals to be injected
Acid injection Backflow protection
11 February 2010
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25ProGreen EXPO 2010
Filtration
11 February 2010
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26ProGreen EXPO 2010
Water hammer
• Many injectors are made of ABS plastic
• Over time these may become brittle
• ¼ - turn valves increase water hammer
• Water hammer arrestors will prolong the life of your injector
• Place the arrestor between your valve and your injector (outlet side)
11 February 2010
Water hammer is the energy that is in water traveling in one direction. When a valve abruptly closes, the ricocheting water increases up to four times the original pressure.
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27ProGreen EXPO 2010
Calibrating an Injector
• Injectors are mechanical devices that require periodic checks and adjustments.
• There are two means of checking the calibration of an injector– Volume ratio method– Electrical conductivity
11 February 2010
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28ProGreen EXPO 2010
Volume Ratio Calibration Method• Equipment
– Graduated cylinder• One or two liter is best
– Large container with a known volume• Five gallon bucket
– Injector with hoses and tubes
• Procedure– Place the siphon tube into the
graduated cylinder and operate the water and injector at a normal pressure
– Allow the system to empty one volume of the graduated cylinder to charge the system
– Refill the graduated cylinder and run the injector until the cylinder is half empty
– Discharge the water from the injector into the large bucket.
– Measure the uptake volume and the discharge volume
– The injector equals the output volume divided by the input volume
11 February 2010
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29ProGreen EXPO 201011 February 2010
Injector ratio = output volume ÷ input volume
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30ProGreen EXPO 201011 February 2010
Injector ratio = output volume ÷ input volume
1:50
370 ml
5 gallonsor
18,925 ml
18,925 ÷ 370 = 511:51
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31ProGreen EXPO 2010
Calculating Parts per Million• Most greenhouse fertilization
recommendations are based on parts per million or ppm
• Most manufacturers provide tables for easy reference, but they are not necessary.
• With a little knowledge, a calculator, and some patience, you can do this on your own.
11 February 2010
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32ProGreen EXPO 2010
Calculating Parts per Million• Most greenhouse fertilization
recommendations are based on parts per million or ppm
• Most manufacturers provide tables for easy reference, but they are not necessary.
• With a little knowledge, a calculator, and some patience, you can do this on your own.
Quick 75 Formula1. To calculate the amount of
fertilizer required,2. divide the desired ppm by 75 and 3. then divide by the decimal fraction
of the desired nutrient (such as nitrogen, potassium or phosphorous) contained in the fertilizer.
11 February 2010
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33ProGreen EXPO 2010
Calculating Parts per Million• Most greenhouse fertilization
recommendations are based on parts per million or ppm
• Most manufacturers provide tables for easy reference, but they are not necessary.
• With a little knowledge, a calculator, and some patience, you can do this on your own.
Quick 75 Formula1. To calculate the amount of
fertilizer required,2. divide the desired ppm by 75 and 3. then divide by the decimal fraction
of the desired nutrient (such as nitrogen, potassium or phosphorous) contained in the fertilizer.
4. This results in the number of ounces of fertilizer to use in 100 gallons of water.
11 February 2010
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34ProGreen EXPO 2010
Confused?
Some examples of what one part per million represents under various conditions are:o 1 crystal of salt in 5 lbs., o 1 drop in 16 gallons, o 1 inch in 158 miles, o 1 minute in 1.9 years, o 1 pound in 500 tons, ando 1 cent in $10,000.
11 February 2010
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35ProGreen EXPO 2010
Confused?
Some examples of what one part per million represents under various conditions are:o 1 crystal of salt in 5 lbs., o 1 drop in 16 gallons, o 1 inch in 158 miles, o 1 minute in 1.9 years, o 1 pound in 500 tons, ando 1 cent in $10,000.
To calculate ppm in 100 gallons of water,1. First multiply 100 gallons by 8.34 pounds
per gallon which equals 834 pounds. 2. Multiply 834 pounds by 16 ounces per
pound which equals 13,344 ounces per 100 gallons.
3. Therefore, 13,344 ounces per 13,344,000,000 ounces equals 1 part per million,
4. or more simply 0.013344 ounces per 100 gallons of water equals 1 PPM.
11 February 2010
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36ProGreen EXPO 2010
ppm Revealed1. 100 gal. * 8.34 lbs./gal. = 834 lbs. 2. 834 lbs. * 16 oz/lb. = 13,344 oz. 3. 3,344 oz/100 gal. 4. 13,344 oz./13,344,000,000 oz. = 1 PPM 5. 0.013344 oz./100 gal. = 1 PPM
11 February 2010
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37ProGreen EXPO 2010
ppm Revealed1. 100 gal. * 8.34 lbs./gal. = 834 lbs. 2. 834 lbs. * 16 oz/lb. = 13,344 oz. 3. 3,344 oz/100 gal. 4. 13,344 oz./13,344,000,000 oz. = 1 PPM 5. 0.013344 oz./100 gal. = 1 PPM
The next step is to multiply the desired PPM by 0.013344, which is 74.94.
11 February 2010
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38ProGreen EXPO 2010
ppm Revealed1. 100 gal. * 8.34 lbs./gal. = 834 lbs. 2. 834 lbs. * 16 oz/lb. = 13,344 oz. 3. 3,344 oz/100 gal. 4. 13,344 oz./13,344,000,000 oz. = 1 PPM 5. 0.013344 oz./100 gal. = 1 PPM
The next step is to multiply the desired PPM by 0.013344, which is 74.94.
11 February 2010
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39ProGreen EXPO 2010
Putting the Formula to Use1. Assume that the fertilizer recommendation calls for 200 ppm of nitrogen
from ammonium nitrate (33% N)2. Using the Quick 75 equation,
1. divide 200 ppm by 75 resulting in 2.67,2. and then divide by 0.33.
3. The answer is 8.09 ounces of ammonium nitrate which dissolved in 100 gallons of water will yield 200 ppm nitrogen.
11 February 2010
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40ProGreen EXPO 2010
Putting the Formula to Use1. Assume that the fertilizer recommendation calls for 200 ppm of nitrogen
from ammonium nitrate (33% N)2. Using the Quick 75 equation,
1. divide 200 ppm by 75 resulting in 2.67,2. and then divide by 0.33.
3. The answer is 8.09 ounces of ammonium nitrate which dissolved in 100 gallons of water will yield 200 ppm nitrogen.
11 February 2010
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41ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
100 parts toplants
1 part fertilizer concentrate
99 parts water
Injector ratio1:100
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42ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizerInjector ratio1:100
50 gallons
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43ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
1 part fertilizer concentrateX 50 gallons
50 gallons of concentrate delivered
99 parts waterX 50 gallons
4,950 gallons of water
Injector ratio1:100
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44ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
1 part fertilizer concentrateX 50 gallons
50 gallons of concentrate delivered
99 parts waterX 50 gallons
4,950 gallons of water
Injector ratio1:100
4,950 + 50 = 5,000 gallons
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45ProGreen EXPO 2010
Fertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
100 parts toplants99 parts water
Injector ratio1:100
1 part fertilizer concentrate
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46ProGreen EXPO 2010
50 gallonsFertilizer Concentrate
Relate the Quick 75 to an Injector
11 February 2010
Clear water Diluted fertilizer
5,000 gallons to plants4,950 gallons water
Injector ratio1:100
404.5 ounces or 25.3 pounds of ammonium nitrate
dissolved in 50 gallons of water
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47ProGreen EXPO 2010
Still want a table?
11 February 2010
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48ProGreen EXPO 201011 February 2010
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49ProGreen EXPO 201011 February 2010
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50ProGreen EXPO 2010
Shameless Commerce
11 February 2010
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51ProGreen EXPO 2010
Shameless Commerce
11 February 2010
ProGreen EXPO Special Price$120
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52
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5211 February 2010 ProGreen EXPO 2010