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Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices (RAGAGEP) for the Ammonia Industry Daniel Dettmers Industrial Refrigeration Consortium University of WisconsinMadison

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Page 1: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

UnderstandingRecognizedandGenerallyAcceptedGoodEngineeringPractices(RAGAGEP)fortheAmmoniaIndustry

Daniel DettmersIndustrial Refrigeration ConsortiumUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison

Page 2: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Overview…• Explain IIAR Standard 9: Standard for Recognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices (RAGAGEP) for Existing Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Refrigeration Systems• Not…I’m not that smart, people

• Examine the RAGAGEP Landscape• Codes – alphabet soup: IMC, UMC, CMC• International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) Standards • American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard

• Common gaps• Adherence

Page 3: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Whattheheckis“RAGAGEP”?• An acronym derived from requirements in the process safety

information portion of PSM where it states all equipment in PSM-covered process must comply with:

Recognized And Generally Accepted 

Good Engineering Practices

• For PSM, RAGAGEP is required both in PSI & MI

Page 4: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

RAGAGEPlandscape• Regulations mandatory requirements & issued by Federal, State or local governments

• Codes establishes minimum requirements• Standards documents consensus design and/or operating practices

• Guidelines documents recommended or best practices• Corporate Engineering Standards• Data Sheets or White Papers

Page 5: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Codes&standardsrelevanttoammoniarefrigerationsystems

• Codes• California Mechanical Code (CMC)• Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC)• International Mechanical Code (IMC)

• IIAR• IIAR 1, IIAR 2, IIAR 3, IIAR 4,IIAR 5, IIAR 7, IIAR 8

• ASME• B&PV Code (Pressure vessels)• B31.5 (Refrigeration Piping)

• ASHRAE• Standard 15, Standard 34

• Other State & Local Codes

Page 6: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

PSMandRAGAGEPProcess Safety Information – 1910.119(d)(3)

• (ii): Employers must document that all equipment in PSM‐covered processes complies with RAGAGEP;

• (iii): Where the codes, standards, or practices used in the design and construction of existing equipment are no longer in general use, the employer must determine and document that the equipment is designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operating in a safe manner

This requirement also appears in RMP – Program 3 facilities §68.65(d)(2) & (3).

Page 7: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

PSMandRAGAGEPMechanical Integrity – 1910.119(j)(4)

• (ii): Inspections and tests are performed on process equipment subject to the standard's mechanical integrity requirements in accordance with RAGAGEP; and

• (iii): Inspection and test frequency follows manufacturer's recommendations and good engineering practice, and more frequently if indicated by operating experience.

This requirement also appears in RMP – Program 3 facilities §68.73(d)(2) & (3).

Page 8: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

“RAGAGEP”hasbeenconfusing• End‐users and regulators have not agreed what constitutes RAGAGEP• What RAGAGEP applies to my ammonia refrigeration system?

• What do I need to show compliance?  Especially on a system that has had phased growth through many years.

• Fed OSHA responded by developing guidance through preparation of a “RAGAGEP Memo”

• Expect other regulators to refer to the contents of the Fed OSHA memo

Page 9: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

OSHARAGAGEPMemo• Issued to Regional Administrators on May 11, 2016• Intended to provide clarification and direction on RAGAGEP (rescinds prior memo issued 6/5/15)

• Provided examples of RAGAGEP• Widely adopted codes (NFPA 70)• Consensus standards and recommended practice documents (ASME B31.5, IIAR 2)

• Non‐consensus documents (mfgr recommendations)• Internal standards (as appropriate)

Page 10: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

OSHARAGAGEPMemoprovidesclarificationon“Shall”vs.“Should”“Shall”, “shall not”, “must”, “must not”, …

• Represents a mandatory minimum requirement• If an employer deviates, OSHA assumes a violation and employer will have an opportunity to explain the deviation from RAGAGEP

“Should”, “should not”, “can”, “can not”, …• Denotes a recommendation that reflects an acceptable and preferred practice

• If an employer deviates, OSHA will not presume a violation but CSHO will evaluate approach to see if it reflects RAGAGEP

(ASME B31.5‐2016)

(IIAR Bulletin 110)

Page 11: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

OSHARAGAGEPMemoclarificationon“informative”vs.“normative”Appendices or annexes that are normativemay contain “shall” and “should”

• Employers are expected to meet the shall provisionsAppendices or annexes that are informative

• Employers should read and consider these sections, but OSHA does not expect employers to consult all of the sources that are cited in an informative section or appendix

IIAR Standard 5Appendix A: (Normative) Pressures  Appendix B: (Normative) Machinery Rooms and Auxiliary Safety EquipmentAppendix C: (Normative) Leak Test, Evacuation and Dehydration  Appendix D: (Informative) Pre‐Charging and Pre‐Start‐Up Check Lists  Appendix E: (Informative) Purging  Appendix F: (Informative) Considerations and Planning for Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Refrigerating System Tie‐Ins   Appendix G: (Informative) Temperature Reduction Procedure for Newly Constructed Cold Storage Areas   Appendix H: (Informative) Pressure Chart

Page 12: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

InternationalMechanicalCode

•Current version is IMC 2015• State & local jurisdictions may adopt by reference

•Relies heavily on ASHRAE 15 and IIAR 2 for technical content on refrigeration

Page 13: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

USMechanicalCodeCoverage

UMC

None

Minimal codes

Page 14: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

InternationalMechanicalCode

• Scope:• Regulate the design, installation, maintenance, alterationand inspection of mechanical systems that are permanentlyinstalled and utilized to provide control of environmental conditions and related processes within buildings.

• Intent:• To provide minimum standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, installation, quality of materials, location, operation and maintenance or use of mechanical systems. 

Page 15: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

InternationalMechanicalCodeMechanical Systems Covered

– Boilers, water heaters, and pressure vessels

– Refrigeration– Hydronic piping– Fuel oil piping & storage– Solar systems

– Ventilation– Exhaust systems– Duct systems– Combustion air– Chimneys and vents– Appliances and fuel burning equipment

Page 16: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

InternationalMechanicalCode

1101.6 GeneralRefrigeration systems shall comply with the requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15.  Ammonia‐refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15 and IIAR 2.

Page 17: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

CaliforniaMechanicalCodeLooksSolelytoIIARforAmmoniaRefrigeration• Chapter 11 covers refrigeration systems

CMC states that ammonia refrigeration systems must comply with IIAR 2, IIAR 3, and IIAR 5

Page 18: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

ListofIIARStandardsApplicabletoAmmoniaRefrigeration

• IIAR 1‐2017 ‐ Definitions and Terminology used in IIAR Standards• IIAR 2‐2014 ‐ Standard for Safe Design of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Refrigeration Systems

• IIAR 3‐2017 – Ammonia Refrigeration Valves• IIAR 4‐2015 – Installation of Ammonia Refrigeration Systems• IIAR 5‐2013 ‐ Start‐up and Commissioning of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

• IIAR 7‐2013 ‐ Developing Operating Procedures for Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

• IIAR 8‐2015 ‐ Decommissioning of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Refrigeration Systems

Page 19: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIARStandardsUnderDevelopment

• IIAR 6 – Inspection and Maintenance of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

• IIAR 9 – RAGAGEP for Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

• IIAR CO2 ‐ Standard for Safe Design of Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration Systems

Page 20: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR2(2014)

Standard for Safe Design of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Refrigeration Systems

Purpose:Specifies minimum requirements for the safe design of closed‐circuit ammonia refrigeration systems.

Scope:Applies to stationary closed‐circuit refrigeration systems utilizing ammonia as the refrigerant.

IMC, UMC, CMC require ammonia systems to comply with IIAR 2.

Page 21: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR3(2017)

Ammonia Refrigeration Valves

Purpose:to specify performance criteria for valves and strainers used in closed‐circuit ammonia refrigeration systems

This standard is generally aimed at valve manufacturers.

Page 22: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR5(2015)

Start‐up and Commissioning of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

Purpose:Specifies criteria and procedures for start‐up and commissioning of closed‐circuit ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems.

CMC requires ammonia systems to comply with IIAR 5.

Page 23: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

ASMEBoiler&PressureVesselCode:SectionVIIIDiv.1(2015)

• Applicable to pressure vessels used for containment of pressure (internal or external)

• Covers materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification

• Includes requirements for pressure relief protection

IIAR 2 requires vessels to comply with this ASME code.

Page 24: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

ASMEB31.5(2016)

• Covers the design and construction of refrigeration piping, heat transfer components and secondary coolant piping

• The requirements of this standard must be met before startup of the system

• Covers all refrigerants, not just ammonia

IIAR 2 requires piping to comply with ASME B31.5

Page 25: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

ASHRAE15(2016)

• Specifies safe design, construction, installation, and operation of refrigeration systems

• Establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements

• Applies to all refrigerants, not just ammonia

Oregon code calls for complying with IIAR 2 and ASHRAE 15

Page 26: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

RAGAGEP“snowball”example‐ piping

Page 27: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

ConsiderthenormativereferencestandardsidentifiedinIIAR2– “snowball”

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HighlevelRAGAGEPforNH3 systems

Category Reference Applicability

Design

ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Refrigerant pressure vessels

ASME B31.5 Refrigerant piping and heat transfer components

IIAR 1 Definitions

IIAR 2 Ammonia system design

IIAR 3 Valves

ASCE 7Refrigerant piping and equipment structure & supports

ISEA Z358.1 Eyewash & safety showers

NFPA 70 Electrical

Page 29: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

HighlevelRAGAGEPforNH3 systems

Category Reference Applicability

Installation & start‐up

ASME B31.5 Installation, inspection, and pressure testing of piping

IIAR 4 System installation

IIAR 5 Start‐up commissioning

IIAR 7 Operating procedures

IIAR 114* Equipment & pipe labeling

Ongoing maintenance, inspections, and tests

Equipment manufacturer’s recommendations

Equipment‐specific and modified based on plant experience

IIAR 2 Maintenance provisions

IIAR 109* & 110* Maintenance provisions

ISEA Z358.1 Maintenance provisions for eyewash and safety showers

* Guideline document

Page 30: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Beawareofcode&standardtraps!One Example:• Consider the following  normative requirements from the International Fire Code & International Mechanical Code

(IFC 2015)

(IFC 2015)

(IMC 2015)

Page 31: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Beawareofcode&standardtraps!(cont.)

• IFC references IMC as a normative requirement for mechanical refrigeration systems

• IFC includes normative requirements for an emergency pressure control system (EPCS) for ammonia refrigeration systems

• IMC references IIAR 2 as a normativerequirement for ammonia refrigerant systems

• IIAR 2 does not have a normativerequirement for EPCS – only an informativeappendix

?

Page 32: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

CommondeviationsfromRAGAGEPcompliance• No RAGAGEP specified in design and specifications• No owner verification/validation of adherence to RAGAGEP

• Owner does not request or receive required supporting documentation for future regulatory compliance

• Systems or components installed but do not meet current RAGAGEP

Page 33: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

WhatiscompliancewithRAGAGEP?

• Is a letter stating that you comply with PSM or RMP sufficient?• Do you think OSHA and EPA would agree?

• So, would a letter stating that you comply with listed RAGAGEP be sufficient?• Wouldn’t any discovered incompliance invalidate the assertion of compliance in the letter?

Page 34: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Howtoshowcompliance?• How do we show compliance with PSM or RMP?

• Create a program (paper)• Implement the program (practice)• Audit the program & implementation (paper + practice)

• Is RAGAGEP compliance similar?• Create a list of RAGAGEP (paper)• Implement the requirements of RAGAGEP during design, installation, startup, and ongoing operation & maintenance (practice)

• Assess against the listed RAGAGEP (paper + practice)

Page 35: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

WhentocheckagainstRAGAGEP?

• Design• Yes

• Installation or modification• Yes

• Commissioning (start‐up)• Yes

• Ongoing operations and maintenance• Yes

IRC RAGAGEP Best Practices Workshop

October 24‐25, 2017• Overview of RAGAGEP• Overview of IIAR, ASME, ASHRAE 

and other standards• Auditing for Adherence to 

RAGAGEP• Commissioning and RAGAGEP

Page 36: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

RAGAGEPchecklisttool–Whatisit?

• A tool to assist in assessing compliance with RAGAGEP

• Generates pdf or excel file of items to inspect

• Allows users to select from a database of RAGAGEP “questions” based on specified criteria

• Standard, Project phase, Location, and Equipment

• Can individually pick questions if desired

• Questions “interrogate” compliance with RAGAGEP

• Best suited for design, maintenance, and infrastructure reviews

Page 37: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

Questions?

37

Page 38: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

AdditionalinformationonRAGAGEP

38

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IIAR2– 2014,excerpts

39

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IIAR2

Table of Contents

1. Purpose, scope, applicability2. Definitions3. Reference standards4. Location of ammonia refrigeration 

machinery 5. General system design requirements6. Machinery rooms7. Refrigeration equipment located in areas 

other than machinery rooms

Part 1: General

Part 2: Design and Installation Considerations Affecting Construction

Page 41: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR2– 2014

Table of Contents

8. Compressors 9. Refrigerant pumps10. Condensers11. Evaporators12. Pressure vessels13. Piping14. Packaged systems & equipment15. Overpressure protection devices16. Instrumentation & controls17. Ammonia detection and alarms

Part 3: Equipment

Page 42: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR2– 2014Part 4 AppendicesAppendix A ‐ Explanatory materialAppendix B ‐ Ammonia characteristics and propertiesAppendix C‐Methods for calculating relief capacity for HX internal loadsAppendix D ‐ Duplicate Nameplates on Pressure VesselsAppendix E ‐Method for calculating capacity for compressor PRVAppendix F ‐ Pipe Hanger Spacing, Hanger Rod Sizing, and LoadingAppendix G ‐ Hydrostatic Pressure ReliefAppendix H ‐ Stress Corrosion CrackingAppendix I ‐ Emergency Pressure Control SystemsAppendix J ‐Machinery Room Signs Appendix K ‐ Alternative ventilation calculation methodsAppendix L ‐ Pipe, fittings, flanges, and boltingAppendix M ‐ Operational containmentAppendix N ‐ Reference and sources of references

‐ Normative requirement ‐ Informative

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IIAR3– 2017Ammonia Refrigeration Valves

Scope:• Applies to shut‐off valves, control valves, check valves, ball valves, gauge valves, and strainers designed and manufactured for use in closed circuit mechanical refrigerating systems utilizing ammonia as the refrigerant.

• Includes criteria for materials of construction, pressure‐containing envelope, seat leakage, quality assurance, marking, and production testing applicable to finished products as delivered by the original manufacturer.

• Applies to actuator elements that form a part of the pressure‐containing envelope on valves.

• Applies to valves incorporating a mechanical actuating float or other mechanism exposed to the refrigerant.

• Compliance with this standard shall not be required for products manufactured prior to the publication date of this standard.

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IIAR4‐ 2015Installation of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia 

Refrigeration SystemsPurpose:Specifies minimum requirements for the safe installation of closed‐circuit  ammonia mechanical refrigeration systems and overpressure device  piping when used in conjunction with a closed‐circuit ammonia refrigeration system.

Scope:Standard for the installation of closed‐circuit ammonia mechanical refrigeration systems.Excludes: absorption systems, functionally‐equivalent replacement parts, equipment installed prior to effective date of standard.

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IIAR4– 2015

Table of Contents

1. Purpose2. Scope3. Definitions4. Normative References5. General Requirements6. Compressor Installation7. Condenser Installation

8. Evaporator Installation9. Pressure Vessel Installation10. Pipe and Valve Installation11. Components and Controls 

Installation12. Insulation13. Testing of Installation14. (Informative) References 

and Sources of References

Page 46: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR5‐ 2013Start‐up and Commissioning of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

Purpose:Specifies criteria and procedures for start‐up and commissioning of closed‐circuit ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems.

Scope:Provides minimum requirements for safe start‐up and commissioning of closed‐circuit mechanical refrigerating systems and equipment.Unless otherwise noted, it is the responsibility of the owner or the owner’s representative to obtain or otherwise arrange for the completion of all requirements in this Standard.

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IIAR5– 2013(cont.)Start‐up and Commissioning of Closed‐Circuit Ammonia 

Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

Scope:2.1 This Standard provides basic minimum requirements for the safe start‐up and commissioning of completed closed‐circuit mechanical refrigerating systems utilizing ammonia as the refrigerant and to additions and modificationsmade to such systems…2.2 Start‐up and commissioning shall be performed, at a minimum, in accordance with equipment manufacturer’s instruction manuals. This standard focuses on practices that promote safety.2.3 This standard refers to those parts of a refrigerating system that are in contact with ammonia.2.4 Unless otherwise noted, it is the responsibility of the owner or the owner’s representative to obtain or otherwise arrange for the completion of all requirements in this Standard. It is permissible for the owner or the owner’s representative to delegate this responsibility by contract. 

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IIAR5– 2013

Contents6. Records7. Start‐Up of New Installations8. Start‐Up of Additions and 

Modifications to Existing Installations

9. Sources of References

1. Purpose2. Scope3. Definitions4. References5. General Ammonia Information

Page 49: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR5– 2013ContentsAppendix A ‐ PressuresAppendix B ‐Machinery Rooms and Auxiliary Safety EquipmentAppendix C ‐ Pressure Test, Evacuation and DehydrationAppendix D ‐ Pre‐Charging and Pre‐Start‐Up Check ListsAppendix E ‐ PurgingAppendix F ‐ Considerations and Planning for Closed‐Circuit Ammonia 

Refrigerating System Tie‐InsAppendix G ‐ Temperature Reduction Procedure for Newly Constructed 

Cold Storage AreasAppendix H ‐ Pressure chart

‐ Normative requirement ‐ Informative

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IIAR5– 2013,excerptsDesign Records:

6.1.1 The system shall have been designed by, and installed under the supervision of, persons who by reason of knowledge, training and experience are competent for the tasks. Such persons typically include:

a. experienced refrigeration contractors, possibly in combination with a code authority, authorized inspection agency or property insurance underwriter

b. in‐house design/engineering staff of the owner or the owner’s  designated representative

c. consulting engineers, acting on behalf of the owner or the owner’s designated representative

d. refrigeration equipment suppliers.

Page 51: Understanding Recognized and Generally Accepted Good

IIAR5– 2013,excerpts(cont.)Design Records:

6.2.1 A system component inventory list shall be prepared. The list shall include the major components of the ammonia refrigerating system, including: compressors, condensers, evaporators, pressure vessels, liquid ammonia pumps, piping, valves and fittings, ammonia machinery room ventilation system, and other control and safety devices.6.2.2 The inventory list shall contain a record of the maximum working pressure(s) and minimum temperatures as applicable.6.3 Records shall be kept of these tests. These tests shall be completed before the refrigeration system is charged with ammonia 

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IIAR5– 2013,excerptsInitial Status and Safety Provisions:

7.8.1 Before the system is charged with ammonia, it shall be verified• designed and built in accordance with the requirements of the governing edition of IIAR 2 

(ref. 4.1.3)

• cleared of all …obstructions that could impede egress in…an emergency

• Emergency lighting…ventilation fans are ready for operation. 

• Required first aid and safety equipment is available.

7.8.2 The owner shall ensure that eye wash and deluge shower facilities are available7.8.3 Before system is charged and put into service, it shall be confirmed that the local emergency authorities are aware that ammonia is used or is to be used at that location.

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IIAR5‐ 2013Commissioning:

7.15.2 During the commissioning of the system the trained start‐up technician shall involve the persons responsible for the day‐to‐day operation of the system.7.15.3 The system shall be operated to demonstrate correct function…7.15.4 Following the training of the system operators…and there has been a period of continuous and fault free running, the refrigeration system may be handed over...

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ASMEB31.5– KeyContents• Chapter 1 – Scope & Definitions• Chapter 2 – Design• Chapter 3 – Materials• Chapter 4 – Dimensional Requirements• Chapter 5 – Fabrication and Assembly• Chapter 6 – Examination, Inspection, and Testing

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ASMEB31.5‐ Scope

500.1.1 Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as −320°F (−196°C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled, except as specifically excluded

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B31.5– Designconsiderations

• 501.5 – Dynamic Effects• Impact forces (including hydraulic shock and liquid slugging)• Wind (for exposed piping)• Earthquake (seismic forces)• Vibration• Discharge reactions

• 501.6 –Weight Effects• Live loads• Dead loads• Test loads

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B31.5Designcriteriaoverview• 502.3 – Allowable Stresses & Other Stress Limits

• Table 502.3.1 establishes allowable stress valves to be used for design calculations but the code does define some modifications

Material Spec Grade Min Temp(F)

Min Tensile(ksi)

Min Yield(ksi)

Allowable Stress (ksi)

Steel pipe ASTM A106 A B 48.0 30.0 13.7

Steel pipe ASTM A106 B B 60.0 35.0 17.1

Steel pipe ASTM A333 1 ‐50 55.0 30.0 15.7

Steel pipe ASTM A333 6 ‐50 60.0 35.0 17.1

Stainless ASTM A312 304 ‐425 75.0 30.0 20.0

Stainless ASTM A312 304L ‐425 70.0 25.0 16.7

Allowable stress to 100F material temperature.

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IIARInformativeReferencetoEPCS

(IIAR 2‐ 2014)