understanding the parts chapter 2. announcements textbooks will be available on thursday 1/24 ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding the PartsChapter 2
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Announcements
Textbooks will be available on Thursday 1/24
Chapter 1 Homework: Due 2/04 Windows 7 Simulator
Homework 1
Chapter 2 Homework: Due 2/04
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Objectives
Functions of a Computer
Data vs. Information
Bits & Bytes
Input Devices
Output Devices
Processing
Storage
Ergonomics
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Functions of a Computer
Computers are perfect. They do exactly what programmers tell them to do.
Four major functions Gather data
Process data
Output data
Store data
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Data vs. Information
Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea
Information: Organized, meaningful data
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Bits & Bytes
Bit: Binary Digit (21) 2 bits that are either 0 or 1
Bit Strings Nibble: (22) 4 bits
Byte: (23) 8 bits
Kilobyte: (210) 1024 bits
Megabyte: (220) 1,048,576 bits
Gigabyte: (230) 1,073,741,824 bits
Terabyte: (240) 1,099,511,627,776 bits
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Binary
Counting in binary
Binary math Addition
Multiplication by 2
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Counting in Binary
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1010=𝟏∗23+𝟎∗22+𝟏∗21+𝟎∗20=10
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Counting in Binary
You try it: 1000 = ?
0101 = ?
1111 = ?
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Counting to 10
Binary Decimal
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7
1000 8
1001 9
1010 10
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Binary Addition
Same as regular addition
Max value in a spot is 1 (instead of 9 in decimal)
1001+0110
1111
0101+0110
1011
1101+011010011
1 11
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Binary Addition
You try it: 11 + 11 = ?
0111 + 0001 = ?
1100 + 1100 = ?
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Binary Multiplication by 2
Simply shift the values to the left and insert a zero from the left
01 = 1 (Original Number)01 (Shift Left)010 = 2 (Insert a zero)
1011 = 11 (Original Number)1011 (Shift Left)10110 = 22 (Insert a zero)
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Binary Multiplication by 2
You try it: 011 * 2 = ?
0100 * 2 = ?
1111 * 2 = ?
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Computer Hardware
The tangible parts of a computer Chassis
Display
Keyboard
Mouse/Touchpad
Camera
CPU
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Computer Software
A list of instructions for the computer hardware to perform Operating System
Windows, iOS, Linux, Android, Embedded
Application Software
Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Firefox, Safari, World of Warcraft, Call of Duty
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Types of Computers
Fixed Desktop
Server
Portable Laptop
Tablet
Smartphone
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Types of Computers
Mainframe Supports many users, hundreds to several thousands
or more, simultaneously
Supercomputer Perform complex calculations using a large number of
computers connected together
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Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Touch
Scanner
Microphone
Camera
Stylus
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Keyboards
Laser Projected Keyboard
Flexible Keyboard
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Mice
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Other Input Devices
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Output Devices
Printer
Display
Audio
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Printers
Dot Matrix
Inkjet
Laser
Thermal
Plotters
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Printers
Distinguishing Features: Speed (Pages Per Minute)
Resolution (DPI)
Color/B&W
Format (8.5x11, 11x17)
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Display Types
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
AMOLED Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode
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Display Types
Factors that distinguish monitors Size: Measured in inches across the diagonal
Refresh Rate: How fast the display can change the color of a pixel. Expressed in milliseconds.
DPI: Dots Per Inch. How many pixels can fit inside a square inch.
Resolution: Total number of pixels in the horizontal direction and vertical direction. Described as HxV (ex. 1920x1080 has 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically).
Aspect ratio: The relationship of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels.
Viewing Angle: The earliest angle at which the screen is no longer visible.
Contrast Ratio: Expressed as a ratio
Brightness: Expressed in cd/m2
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Display Types
Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal controls how much of a certain color can shine through.
Uses three primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue, to create up to 16M colors.
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Ports
PS/2
Display
eSATA
USB
Ethernet
Audio
Power
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Motherboard
Provides a centralized system for the parts of a computer to communicate with eachother
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CPU
The “brain” of the computer
Controls communication between devices
Performs all arithmetic functions
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RAM
Random Access Memory
Volatile – Does not persist when there is no power.
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Hard Drive
Magnetic Storage Device
Non-Volatile Storage – Data storage persists across reboots.
Very inexpensive storage
Stores information on physical “platters” that spin.
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Solid State Storage
Non-Volatile
Currently still rather expensive ($0.70 to $1.00+ per MB) ~20x more expensive than traditional hard drives
Random Access
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Optical Storage
Optical (Laser) storage devices Characterized by a disk that rotates and is read by a
laser
Storage capacity is fixed, rotational speed is not
Can be dual layer and/or double sided
CD – Compact Disc
DVD – Digital Video/Versatile Disc
HD-DVD – High Definition DVD
Blu-ray
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CD
Holds 700MB of data
1x speed = 200 RPM to 500 RPM
Maximum rotational speed is 52x (~10,000 rpm) or 180MPH
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1995
Primarily driven by the need for something better than VHS
Same technology as CD, just smaller
Format Capacity
Single Layer 4.5GB
Dual Layer 8.5GB
SL + DS 9.4GB
DL + DS 17GB
DVD
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HD-DVD Format competed
with Blu-ray and was retired in 2008
Blu-ray Developed by Sony
Replaces DVDs as the standard for video
Format Capacity
HD-DVD SL 15GB
HD-DVD DL 30GB
Blu-ray SL 25GB
Blu-ray DL 50GB
HD-DVD & Blu-ray
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Optical Drive Comparison
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Dual Layer
The laser can be altered to read information hidden behind the first layer.
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Ergonomics
Minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer
Involves special hardware: Keyboards
Mice
Desks
Chairs