understandingintegratingandtroubleshootingfaxc_brkvvt2021

7/23/2019 UnderstandingIntegratingandTroubleshootingFaxC_brkvvt2021

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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicPresentation_I !

Understanding, Integrating, and

Troubleshooting Fax Communications inTodays Enterprise Networks"#$%%&'202!


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! 2

genda

(undamental Conce)ts

(a* &rans)ort +ethods

oS Considerations

esign "est Practices

&roubleshooting

(a* Servers


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! -

(undamental Conce)ts


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c!

Ale*ander "ain/s (acsimile A))aratus,

"ritish Patent 91

Fax Communications

(a* invented by Ale*ander "ain in !-3)atented -0 years be4ore the tele)hone5

(a* is a ubi6uitous 4orm o4communication today and (a* over IP3(oIP5 is o4ten overloo7ed in IP &ele)hony

8rou) - 38-5 is today/s 4a* standard3s)eeds u) to !. 7b)s5

Su)er 8- is an o)tional e*tension o4 8-that allos 4or s)eeds u) to --.: 7b)s


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!" Fax #rotocols

+odern 4a* communication is based on the 8rou) - 38-5 4a*standard, hich is com)osed o4 the I&;'& s)eci4ications o4&.-0, &., and &.:

&.-0 details the signaling, &. s)eci4ies the +odi4ied


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(asic !" Fax Transaction

&he o)tional CalledSubscriber Identi4ication3CSI5 and =on'Standard(acilities 3=S(5 messagesmay be transmitted alongith the IS message

&he o)tional &ransmittingSubscriber Identi4ication3&SI5 message may betransmitted along ith theCS message

"lue messages indicatelo s)eed &.-0 signalingand gold messagesre)resent higher s)eed

modulations used in trainingand )age transmission

$ending Fax .ecei/ing Fax

0igital Identi-ication $ignal 10I$2

Training Check 1TCF2

0igital Command $ignal 10C$2

Con-irmation 1CF.2

End o- #rocedure 1E3#2

)essage Con-irmation 1)CF2

0isconnect 10CN2

Fax #age Transmission

Offhook, then dial

Calling Tone 1CN!2

Ringing, Offhook,

Answer

Called Tone 1CE02


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Transporting !" Fax #rotocols 3/er I#

4ow 0o $tandard Fax Communications Integrate 5ith I# Networks6

T%"&'$ignaling and Negotiation (etween Fax )achines

T%*+T%'$peci-ies the Fax #age Encoding lgorithm

#$TN

#assthrough or .elay

Transport

T%*+T%'$peci-ies the Fax #age Encoding lgorithm

I#

T%"&'$ignaling and Negotiation (etween Fax )achines


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#assthrough

+odulated 4a* data in4ormation is sam)led and encoded asstandard PC+ 3i.e., 8.!!5 and enca)sulated in #&P 4ortrans)ort over IP >ust li7e a voice codec does 4or humans)eech

(rom the gateay )ers)ective, this is more or less a 8.!!voice call

Commonly re4erred to as %oice "and ata 3%"5

I#

nalog

)odulated 0ata.T# #acket with #C) #ayload

.T# .T# .T#

nalog

)odulated 0ata

End7to7End )odulated 0ata


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.elay

&he analog modulated 4a* data is demodulated by a SP onthe gateay and the binary in4ormation is e*tracted

"inary in4ormation is )assed over IP using one o4 severalavailable relay )rotocols

A SP on the destination gateay ta7es the binaryin4ormation 4rom the relay )ac7ets and re'modulates it into a4a* data signal on the tele)hony side

nalog)odulated 0ata

nalog)odulated 0ata

.elay.elay.elay

.elay #rotocol

&88&8&8& 88&&&888 8&8&&8&8 &&8&8&88

.elay

I#


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The $witcho/er

All modulated calls begin asvoice calls

&he )rocess that transitions agateay 4rom a %oIP call tothe 4inal 4a* media stream is

7non as the sitchover

&here are a variety o4 di44erentsitchover mechanisms thate ill discuss throughout this)resentation

T!53!5

Fax+)odem )edia

$witcho/er

9oI# Call

Fax Call



(a* &rans)ort +ethods


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.eal7Time FoI# Transport )ethods

Fax

o/er I#

#assthrough .elay

Fax

#assthrough

1N$E2

Fax

#ass7through

1#rotocol2

T%":

Fax .elay

1#rotocol2

T%":

Fax .elay

1N$E2

Cisco

Fax .elay


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Fax #assthrough $witcho/er )ethods

9oice

)ode

Fax

#assthrough

N$E7(ased

$witcho/er

Fax

#ass7through

#rotocol7(ased

$witcho/er

Fax #assthrough

#assthrough $witcho/er

!. Codec u)s)eed2. %A disabled on SP

-. ?itter bu44er transitions 4romada)tive to a 4i*ed o)timum value


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#assthrough $witcho/er )echanisms

&erminating 8ateay 3&8@5 initiates the sitchover to )assthroughu)on detection o4 4a* signals )layed by the ansering 4a* device

I#

Tone

0etection8

8

.T# .T# .T#

=S =S =S

N$E7(ased

$witcho/er ;

; I4 =S'based )assthrough is con4igured, the &8@ sends

=S sitchover )ac7ets in the #&P media stream u)ondetection o4 C 38- 4a*5 or A=Sam 3S8- 4a*5 tones

"#rotocol7(ased$witcho/er 4%";" $I#

" I4 4a* )ass'through is con4igured, the &8@ initiates thesitchover in the


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Named $ignaling E/ents 1N$E2

Cisco )ro)rietary message sent as )art o4 the #&P streamto signal an event, such as a sitchover

&his 4orm o4 signaling is call control )rotocol inde)endent

&he vent I 4ield uses Cisco'de4ined event numbers tosignal a s)eci4ic tas7 in'band

N$E 0ata

.T# #ayload

. 9olumeEE/ent I0 0uration

.T# 4eader

#T

#ayload Type



N$E E/ent I0s -or Fax and)odem $witcho/ers

&he =S vent I Beld uses Cisco'deBned values tosignal in'band a variety o4 tas7s

N$E 0escription

8=;

8="

8=*

8==

;&&

;&8

;&;

;&"

&riggered by 2!00


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Fax #assthrough $witcho/er 1!"2

N$E78=;

T!5

9oI# Call

3!5

3!5>;)s)eed codec

and sitch to

Passthrough mode

N$E78=; CE0

T!5>;)s)eed codec

and sitch toPassthrough mode

Fax #assthrough Call

&he underlying call

control )rotocol is

unaare o4 the

transition to 4a*

)assthrough due to the

)rotocol inde)endent

nature o4 the =S

sitchover

&he initial %oIP call

can be setu) by any o4

the common call

control )rotocols

3


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Fax #assthrough $witcho/er 1$!"2

N$E78=;

N$E78="

T!5

9oI# Call

3!5

$!" Fax #assthrough Call

N$am

T!5>etect 2!00 ;)s)eed

codec and sitch to

Passthrough mode

T!5>etect )hase

reversal o4 A=Sam.

isable CA=

N$E78="

3!5> isable echo

cancellers



the common call

control )rotocols

3



Con-irming Fax #assthrough $witcho/er

(e-ore $witcho/er> show call acti/e /oice brie-

!!(! E !0 2921!0ms.! F!01-0 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E0 t*E99H!90- r*E21-H99-

IP !.!.!.2E!9-2 S#&PE o44 rttE0ms )lE!0H0ms lostE0H0H0 delayE:0H:0H0ms g?;=r:

9oI# Call


-ter $witcho/er> show call acti/e /oice brie-

!!(! E !0 2921!0ms.! F!01-0 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E22 t*EH!21 r*E!00H!209

IP !.!.!.2E!9-2 S#&PE o44 rttE!ms )lE0H0ms lostE0H0H0 delayE:0H:0H:0ms g?88ulaw&e*t#elayE o44

media inactive detectedEn media contrl rcvdEnHa timestam)EnHa

long duration call detectedEn long duration call durationEnHa timestam)EnHa )30E)#$$

nsebu4E0H0 loss 0 0H0 last !-19s durE0H0s



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Fax #assthrough Con-iguration

I#

$I#+4%";">

dial7peer /oice 8 /oip

modem passthrough nse codec g?88ulaw

1Note> Can be con-igured globally under /oice ser/ice /oipor the dialpeer -or

$I# and 4%";"% The con-iguration under the dialpeer takes precedence%2

$CC#>

/oice ser/ice /oip

modem passthrough nse codec g?88ulaw

1Note> Can only be con-igured globally under /oice ser/ice /oip-or $CC#%2

.T# .T# .T#=S =S =SFeature> -ax passthrough

)!C#>

mgcp modem passthrough /oip mode nse

mgcp modem passthrough /oip codec g?88ulaw



Fax #ass7through $witcho/er

8&& Trying

C@

;&& 3@

T!5

9oI# Call 7 $I# $ignaling

3!5

Pass'through

)arameters 4or theu)coming session

are established in

the SIP I=%I& and

200 G$ messages

IN9ITE -or !%?88 #ass7through

Fax #ass7through Call

CE0 Tone

9%;8

#reamble

&he %.2! Preamble o4

the 4irst &.-0 message

4olloing the C &one

3i.e. IS5 is the trigger 4or

the transition to )ass'

through

An



Con-irming Fax #ass7through$witcho/er


!2:C E 1 !!!!290ms.! F!0120 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E0 t*E!!2H2!1 r*E-0H:092

IP !.!.!.2E!:20 S#&PE o44 rttE!ms )lE19-0H0ms lostE0H0H0 delayE:0H:0H0ms g?;=r:

9oI# Call



!2:C E 1 !!!!290ms.! F!0120 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E! t*E!:H21211 r*E!91-H21!!2

IP !.!.!.2E!:20 S#&PE o44 rttEms )lE0H0ms lostE!H0H0 delayE:0H:0H:0ms g?88ulaw

&e*t#elayE o44


long duration call detectedEn long duration call durationEnHa timestam)EnHa

Fax #ass7through Call


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Fax #ass7through Con-iguration

I#

$I#+4%";">


-ax protocol pass7through g?88ulaw

Note> Can be con-igured globally under /oice ser/ice /oipor the dialpeer -or

$I# and 4%";"% The con-iguration under the dialpeer takes precedence%

$CC#>

Fax pass7through is N3T supported -or $CC#

Feature> -ax pass7through

)!C#>Fax pass7through is N3T supported -or )!C#

4%";" #+ $I# I=%I&



.eal7Time FoI# Transport )ethods

Fax

o/er I#

#assthrough .elay

Fax

#assthrough

1N$E2

Fax

#ass7through

1#rotocol2

T%":

Fax .elay

1#rotocol2

T%":

Fax .elay

1N$E2

Cisco

Fax .elay


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Fax .elay $witcho/er )ethods

9oice

)ode

T%": Fax.elay

#rotocol7(ased $witcho/er

1$tandards7(ased2

Cisco Fax.elay

.T# #T

$witcho/er

Fax .elay

T%": Fax.elay

N$E7(ased$witcho/er


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Cisco Fax .elay 1CF.2

Pre'standard and )ro)rietary 4a* relay im)lementation 4or 8-4a* transmissions 3no S8- su))ort5

e4ault 4a* trans)ort method on most Cisco voice gateays

;ses a uni6ue Payload &y)e sitchover that is not used byany other modulated communication trans)ort method

.T# #ayload

Type is set to

8;; -or CiscoFax .elay data

U0#

4eader

I#

4eader

.T#

4eaderCisco Fax .elay #acketCisco Fax .elay #acket

Cisco Pro)rietary (ormatting

0emodulated -ax 40AC

data carried in the Cisco

Fax .elay packet


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T%": Fax .elay

&.- is the de 4acto standard 4or handling 4a* transmissions today

&.- )rovides signi4icant bandidth savings and redundancy

Cisco currently su))orts the !99 version 37non as version 05 o4the I&;'& &.- s)eci4ication ith ;PH;P&J enca)sulation

In 2009H20!0 Cisco ill be releasing su))ort 4or S8- 4a* over &.-

Cisco )roducts can use either =Ss 3)ro)rietary5 or the callcontrol )rotocol 3standards'based5 to sitch a call to &.- mode

U0#

4eader

I#

4eader

U0#TA

4eaderU0#TA #ayload 1T%": IF#s2U0#TA #ayload 1T%": IF#s2

U0# Encapsulated T%":

U0# Transport Aayer

1U0#TA2 header is simplya ; byte seBuence number

T%": Internet Fax #ackets 1IF#2

and optional redundancy

packets are carried in the

U0#TA payload


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T%": $witcho/er'N$E

T!5

9oI# Call

3!5

T%": Fax .elay Call

N$E7;&&

3!5>&ransition 4rom

voice mode to &.-

N$E7;&8

T!5>&.- AC$

received, start &.-

session

9%;8

#reamble

&he detection o4 4a*

4lags 3%.2! Preamble5 at

the &8@ triggers the

transition to &.-



the common call

control )rotocols

3


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! -1

T%": $witcho/er'4%";"

T!5

9oI# Call'4%";" $ignaling

3!5

T%": Fax .elay Call

9%;8

#reamble

&he detection o4 4a*

4lags 3%.2! Preamble5

at the &8@ triggers the

transition to &.-

4%;* .eBuest )ode T%": C@

4%;* .eBuest )ode T%":

&.- )arameters 4or the

u)coming 4a* relay

session are negotiated

in the


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Con-irming T%": Fax .elay $witcho/er


!!2 E 291:-90ms.! F!0100 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E!! t*E!!H22 r*E-:H:-

IP !.!.!.2E!9: S#&PE o44 rttE-ms )lE00H0ms lostE0H0H0 delayE:0H:0H0ms g?;=r:

9oI# Call



!!2 E 291:-90ms.! F!0100 )idE! Griginate 200 active

dur 00E00E: t*E0H!-0 r*E9!H!2--9

IP !.!.!.2E!9: S#&PE o44 rttE-ms )lE00H0ms lostE0H0H0 delayE:0H:0H0ms t":&e*t#elayE o44


long duration call detectedEn long duration call durationEnHa timestam)EnHa

T%": Fax .elay Call


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N$E7(ased T%": Con-iguration

I#

$I#+4%";">

dial7peer /oice 8 /oip -ax protocol t": nsels7redundancy & hs7redundancy & -allback cisco

Note> Con-igured globally under /oice ser/ice /oipor the dialpeer -or $I# and

4%";"% The dialpeer con-iguration takes precedence%

Feature> N$E7(ased T%":.T# .T# .T#=S =S

$CC#>

/oice ser/ice /oip

-ax protocol t": nsels7redundancy & hs7redundancy & -allback cisco

Note> Can only be con-igured under /oice ser/ice /oip-or $CC#% Cisco I3$ gateway

support -or N$E7based T%": -ax relay with the $CC# /oice signaling protocol is

introduced in Cisco I3$ .elease 8;%*1882T%

=S

)!C#>

no mgcp -ax t": inhibit

Note> 0e-ault )!C# con-iguration but beha/ior /ariesi- downloading gateway con-ig -rom CUC)%


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#rotocol7(ased T%": Con-iguration

I#

$I#+4%";">


-ax protocol t":ls7redundancy & hs7redundancy & -allback cisco

Note> Con-igured globally under /oice ser/ice /oipor the dialpeer -or $I# and

4%";"% The dialpeer con-iguration takes precedence%

$CC#>

$CC# does not support

protocol7based T%":

)!C# =&(KFeature> #rotocol7(ased T%":

)!C#>

mgcp package7capability -xr7package

mgcp de-ault7package -xr7package

Note> These two commands are needed to go

-rom the de-ault con-iguration o- N$E7based T%":

to protocol7based T%":% The command no mgcp

-ax t": inhibitis reBuired -or both N$E and

protocol7based T%":%

4%";" #+ $I# I=%I&


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oS Considerations


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re 9oI# Do$ #olicies $u--icient -or Fax6

In many cases, 4a* devices arelocated here %oIP is alreadyinstalled

Kou can L)iggybac7M4a* tra44ic onto the same oS

)olicy im)lemented 4or %oIP

As a rule o4 thumb, i4good voice 6uality e*istsbeteen locations, then 4a*communications should also

or7

(ranch 8 (ranch ;

I#

(ranch "

4eadBuarters


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Do$ Network Factors

elay or latencyE the amount o4 time it ta7es a )ac7et totravel 4rom source to destination

Pac7et lossE the amount o4 )ac7ets that are

unsuccess4ul in arriving at the destination

?itterE the measure o4 the variability over time o4 thelatency across a netor7

&erminating

8ateay

Griginating

8ateay

T%":T%": T%":T%":T%":

0elay

#acket Aoss itter


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FoI# and #acket Aoss

(a* over IP 3(oIP5 is generally more a44ected by )ac7etloss than %oIP

Ideally no )ac7et loss should occur 4or a 4a* call

I4 )ac7et loss is )resent then use &.- ith redundancy

nabling &.- redundancy re6uires more bandidth

&.- (a* #elay @ith #edundancy Jevel Set to !

Griginating8ateay

&erminating8ateay

IF# ;

3Primary5

I(P !

3Secondary5

IF# "

3Primary5

I(P 2

3Secondary5

IF# 8

3Primary5

T%": Fax #ackets


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FoI# and 0elay

elay is not as im)acting to (oIP com)ared to %oIP

(oIP calls have been 7non to handle netor7 delays o4 !second or more


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FoI# and itter

&.- and Cisco 4a* relay use -00 ms 4i*ed >itter or )layout bu44ers

(a* )assthrough uses the last voice mode setting be4ore thesitchover

@ith large )layout bu44ers, (oIP can handle larger amounts o4 >itterthan %oIP but as a best )ractice it is still recommended to 7ee) >itter toa minimum

I#

%ariably s)aced &.-

)ac7ets arrive at the)layout bu44er and

some may even be

out o4 se6uence

Pac7ets are re'se6uencedi4 necessary and )laced in

the re6uired order 4or

)layout

venly s)aced

)ac7ets are )layedout to the SP 4or

transmission on

the PS&=

"&& ms Fixed #layout (u--er

!!

(a*

(a*

!0

(a*

9

(a*

(a*

:

(a*

1

(a*

(a*

-

(a*

2

(a*

!

(a*

SP

Codec3&.-5


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Do$ 0esign #arameters -or Fax

0elay itter #acket Aoss

9oice

N !10 ms3one'ay,

3mouth to ear5

N -0 ms3average,

one'ay5

N !

Fax

N !000 ms N -00 ms 4or4a* relay,N -0 ms 4or)assthrough

=oneO, unlessusing &.-ithredundancy

O(a* )assthrough is very sensitive to )ac7et loss and may be able to handle 0.!0.2 loss

de)ending on hen in the 4a* transaction the loss occurs and i4 it is consecutive )ac7ets. Cisco

4a* relay can handle more loss than )assthrough but &.- ith redundancy is still the best

choice 4or 4a* calls hen )ac7et loss is occurring.


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Do$ )arking Con-iguration on !ateways

(a*, modem, and te*t oS mar7ing via SCP can be sim)ly addedat the dial')eer level 4or


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Classi-ication )arking

% %%( (( (

%

Dueuing

Do$ )arking and $haping Example

%oice and &.- 4a* tra44ic can share the

same oS mar7ing and sha)ing.

I#

dial')eer voice 9!9 voi)

destination')attern 9!9.......

session target i)vE!0.0.0.!9

4a* )rotocol t- ls'redundancy 0 hs'redundancy 0

4allbac7 cisco

i) 6os dsc) cs- signaling

no vad

class'ma) match'all 4a*_voicematch i) dsc) e4class'ma) match'any call_signaling

match i) dsc) cs-match i) dsc) a4-!V)olicy'ma) @A=class 4a*_voice )riority )ercent --class call_signaling bandidth )ercent 1class class'de4ault

4air'6ueue

(a* (a*

G8@

PC

&8@

Phone Phone

PC


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esign "est Practices


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0esign (est #ractices

IP &ele)hony Integration +ethods

8ateay to 8ateay

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager, 8ateay'Controlled

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager, CA'Controlled

esign considerations

"andidth utiliation

Su)er 8-

C+

&.- (allbac7

Protocol and )roduct su))ort

&.-E de 4acto standard


44/86


!ateway to !ateway

All signaling and media )ac7ets are e*changed beteen the voicegateays

=S'based sitchovers 34a* )assthrough and =S'based &.-5 and)ayload ty)e sitchovers 3Cisco 4a* relay5 ha))en ithin the voice mediastream hile )rotocol'based sitchovers 34a* )ass'through and )rotocol'based &.-5 ha))en ithin the call control )rotocol

I#(a*

8ateay(a*

8ateay

%oice +edia

(a* +edia

9oice )edia=SHP& Sitchover


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Cisco Uni-ied Communications )anager,!ateway7Controlled

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager 3;ni4ied C+5 controls the setu) o4the initial voice call beteen the gateays using standard call controlsignaling such as


46/86


Cisco Uni-ied Communications )anager,C7Controlled

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager controls the setu) o4 the initialvoice call beteen the voice gateays andcontrols the sitchover to &.-4a* relay

Instead o4 the gateays inde)endently handling the sitchover, Cisco;ni4ied Communications +anager coordinates the sitchover using the callcontrol )rotocol

I#


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Cisco Uni-ied Communications )anagerand T%": $upport

Gnly release :.03!5 and later o44ers su))ort 4or

&.- ithin the call control )rotocols o4


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0esign (est #ractices

;ni4ied Communications Integration +ethods

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager, 8ateay'Controlled

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager, CA'Controlled

esign considerations

"andidth utiliation

Su)er 8-

C+

&.- (allbac7

Protocol and )roduct su))ort

&.-E de 4acto standard


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FoI# (andwidth Utiliation

i44erent (oIP trans)ortsuse varying amounts o4bandidth

Gn lin7s here savingbandidth is a )riority then

relay is a better choice

&.- redundancy handles)ac7et loss much betterthan 4a* )assthroughH )ass'through ith redundancy

Codec "andidth!

8.!! 3: $b)s5 - $b)s

8.29 3 $b)s5 2 $b)s

8.2- 3:.- $b)s5 !9 $b)s

(a* )assthroughH)ass'through 38.!!5

- $b)s

(a* )assthrough 38.!!5ith redundancy

!0 $b)s

&.- 3no redundancy5 21 $b)s2

&.- 3redundancy level !5 ! $b)s2

&.- 3redundancy level 25 1 $b)s2

Cisco 4a* relay $b)s2

!%alues are a))ro*imate ith thernet or

(rame #elay headers

2%alues are )ea7 and only occur during the

sending o4 a )age at !. $b)sD gateays

can 4orce loer 4a* s)eeds 4or additional

bandidth savings


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! :0

$uper !" Fax

Su)er 8- uses the %.-modulation to achieve)age transmissions)eeds u) to --.: $b)scom)ared to the

ma*imum 8- s)eed o4!. $b)s

&he signals used byS8- are di44erent than8- and are currentlyincom)atible ith &.-and Cisco 4a* relay.

Cisco ill release S8-su))ort 4or &.- in

2009H20!0

8- (a* Call Initiation

Su)er 8- (a* Call Initiation

C=8

C=8

C

IS

Griginating

(a*

Griginating

(a*

&erminating

(a*

&erminating

(a*

IS

A=Sam

?oint +enu 3?+5

C? &erminator

Calling +enu 3C+5


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! :!

)ethods -or 4andling $!" Fax Calls

&he sg-'to'g- s)oo4ing 4eature4orces Su)er 8- 4a* calls to negotiatedon to 8- s)eeds 4or com)atibility ith &.- or Cisco 4a* relay

+odem )assthroughill handle S8- calls at their native s)eeds

(a* )ass'throughis not com)atible ith S8- because o4 its de)endencyon the %.2! 4lags 4ound in 8- negotiations 4or initiating the sitchover

Su))ort 4or S8- over &.- is )lanned 4or 2009H20!0

Sending (a* #eceiving (a*G8@ &8@

C=8

A=Sam

C+

IS

Sending 4a*

initiates S8- call

by sending C+

Sg-'to'g- s)oo4ing

4eature on G8@

bloc7s C+ message

Absence o4 S8- C+ causes

receiving 4a* to initiate 8-

4a* )rocedures 3IS message5


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CS 1EC) disabled2

Error Correction )ode 1EC)2

C+ ensures error'4ree transmission o4 4a* )ages

@hen C+ is disabled, 4a* )ages can )roceed ith minor errors that may ormay not be noticeable

Cisco gateays can 4orce C+ to be disabled hen con4igured 4or &.- orCisco 4a* relay

isabling C+ may be use4ul 4or scenarios here netor7 im)airmentsma7e it di44icult 4or C+ to be e44icient

Sending (a* #eceiving (a*G8@ &8@

C=8

IS 3C+ enabled5

C

IS 1EC) disabled2

C+ su))ort indicated

in IS message&8@ overritesC+ setting to disabledSending 4a* believes receiving4a* does not su))ort C+


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! :-

T%": Fallback

(or increased intero)erability, &.- 4a* relay can 4allbac7 to Cisco 4a* relay or 4a* )ass'through i4 the initial&.- negotiation 4ails

&.- also has an automatic 4allbac7 mechanism thattries a )rotocol'based &.- 4a* relay sitchover i4 thecon4igured =S'based sitchover 4ails

Sending (a*

#eceiving (a*

G8@

::0 &8@

I#

-1 &8@

#eceiving (a*

&.-2

&.-2

Cisco4a*relay

&.- su))orted by -1

and call is success4ul

&.- call 4ails to ::0but 4allbac7 to Cisco

4a* relay is success4ul

dial')eer voice !00 voi)

4a* )rotocol t- ls'redundancy 0

hs'redundancy 0 -allback cisco


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FoI# Call Control #rotocol $upport

&rans)ort+ethod


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! ::

T%":> 0e Facto $tandard -or FoI#

T%": $hould lways (e Gour First Choice 5hen 4andling FoI# Tra--icH

&.- C(#(a* Pass'

through

(a*

PassthroughStandards'"ased,&hird'PartyIntegration

Jo "andidth

#edundancy

(allbac7+echanisms

S#&P and C#&PSu))ort

Jegacy Plat4ormSu))ort


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$I# Trunks and FoI#

SIP &run7s ty)ically use three di44erent methods to trans)ortstandard 8- 4a* calls!%?88 9oice' All calls 3voice and 4a*5 are alays sent using the 8.!! voicecodec

#ass7through' A SIP #'I=%I& message is used to u)'s)eed to 8.!! hen a4a* tone is detected

T%": Fax .elay Call is sitched to &.- 4a* relay using a SIP #'I=%I& hen

a 4a* tone is detected

Fax )ethod T%": Fax .elay !%?88 9oice #ass7through

Pros


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&roubleshooting


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Call Troubleshooting $tages

Any 4a* call can be bro7endon into threetroubleshooting stages

!. Initial %oice Call

2. Sitchover

-. (a* +edia

Gnce the )roblem has beennarroed don to a s)eci4icstage, then the a))ro)riatetroubleshooting strategy can

be im)lemented

8ateay

4%";"+$I#+)!C#+$CC# Call $etup

9oice )edia

N$E or #rotocol7(ased $witcho/er

Fax )edia

8ateay


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Ca)ture mediaand call control

#acket Captures

Pac7et ca)tures are one o4 the best tools 4ortroubleshooting 4a* )roblems

Ideally ca)tures should be made at both end)oints toensure that both signaling and media are seen

Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anager only )artici)atesin the call control signaling

%oice

8ateay

I#

;ni4ied C+

Ca)ture

call control(a*

%oice

8ateay

Ca)ture mediaand call control

(a*


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#acket Captures> 9oI# Call nalysis

(or )rotocol'based sitchoversli7e 4a* )ass'through and &.-, theL%oIP Call AnalysisM 4eature in@ireshar7 o44ers a gra)hicalmeans 4or analying thesitchover

L%oIP Call AnalysisM also brea7sdon the &.- media stream,shoing the &.-0 signaling and)age transmission

Select LStatisticsM 4rom to) o4@ireshar7 indo, L%oIP CallsM,clic7 on a call, and then clic7

L8ra)hM

T bl h ti N$E ( d


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Troubleshooting N$E7(ased$witcho/ers

;se the command debug voi) rt) sessionnamed'eventto vie =S'related sitchovers and events

on IGS gateays, such as 4a* )assthrough and=S'based &.-

+ost common cause o4 )roblems ith =S'basedsitchovers are an incorrect con4iguration or a transcoderor )ro*y in the call )ath

debug voi) rt) session named'event

?an !0 22E0!E1.!E sSP d%oIP )ayload 0*: ssrc 0*!(2 se6uence 0*!("

timestam) 0*20:-!C2:

?an !0 22E0!E1.!E PtE!00 vtE!92 P7tE00 00 00 NSndRRR

?an !0 22E0!E1.-E s%oIP dSP )ayload 0*: ssrc 0*9A20!0! se6uence 0*!C2

timestam) 0*AA0(0A?an !0 22E0!E1.-E NNN#cvR PtE!00 vtE!92 P7tE00 00 00


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#acket Captures> N$E $witcho/er

&he de4ault #&P )ayload ty)e

4or =S messages is !00

&he =S vent I is shon in

the )ayload as a he* value. In

this case 0*C is 200 in decimal

3=S'2005, hich is a &.- 4a*

relay sitchover re6uest

T bl h ti # t l ( d


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Troubleshooting #rotocol7(ased$witcho/ers'4%";" and T%":


64/86


Troubleshooting #rotocol7(ased$witcho/er'$I# and T%":

re7IN9ITE

C@

;&& 3@

SIPre'I=%I&message 34rom

the terminating side5 initiates the

sitchover to &.-

*Feb 3 22:32:18.514: !1""""""""""""#$%&sg''si()is(la&sg:

#ent:

$+$-si(:1/2.18.110.8:500 #$%2.0

ia: #$%2.0)% 14.1./.15:500bran'h6h74b18FF

Fro9: si(:100;14.1./.15#+$%ffer:200

a-38Fa"&a")atagra9:/2

a-38Fa"d(=:t38)%Redndan'

debAg''si(9essages

%oice8ateay

%oice8ateay

9oice )edia

T%":

Tro bleshooting #rotocol (ased


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Troubleshooting #rotocol7(ased$witcho/er')!C# and T%":

A=&(Kcontaining(X#Ht-3start5initiates the

+8CP &.- sitchover

;ni4ied C+

CE7047":*7;show ccm7manager

)!C# 0omain Name> CE7047":*7;#riority $tatus 4ost


66/86


Troubleshooting #rotocol7(ased$witcho/ers 5ith Cisco .T)T

Cisco #eal &ime +onitoring &ool 3#&+&5 log vieer cansho )rotocol'based sitchover in4ormation

Troubleshooting the Fax+)odem )edia>


67/86


Troubleshooting the Fax+)odem )edia>!ateway 0$# $tatistics

SP )ac7et statistics on Cisco voice gateays )rovide IP netor7in4ormation about the active, incoming media stream 4or 4a*Hmodem

)assthrough, Cisco 4a* relay, and &.-

rrors in these stats ty)ically indicate )ac7et loss andHor >itter)roblems

&he command Lsho call active voice brie4M also )rovides some SPstatistics and in4ormation about the media stream

CE7047":*7;terminal monitor

CE7047":*7;show /oice call &+8+8

&+8+8

/tsp le/el & state < $OC3NNECT/pm le/el 8 state ", )ax Nwk .xD 0epth ", itter 3/er-low #kt 0rops> &

Nwk .xD 3/er-low> &, Tx #kts> ;*?, Tx #kts 0rops1Nwk (usy2> &.x #kts> ??, .x #kts Aoss> &, .x In/alid #kts> &, .x #kts 3ut 3- $eB> &

.ecent 4i7$peed )odulation> 9%8?+long+8**&&TL #ages> ;

)ax $endInD 0epth ;, )ax .ec/3utD 0epth ;

)ax 4i7$peed (u- Usage *, $endInD 3/er-low &, .ec/3utD 3/er-low &


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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! !

Fax .elay )essage 0ebugging

&he command debug 4a* relay t-0 all'level'!dis)lays&.-0 messages 4or &.- and Cisco 4a* relay 4rom theSP/s )ers)ective on the PG&SHPS&= side o4 the

gateay

Inbound messages are 4lagged 4r'msg'detandmessages sent by the SP out the tele)hony inter4aceare indicated by 4r'msg't*

%oice

8ateay-r7msg7det)essage recei/ed by 0$#

-r7msg7tx)essage transmitted by 0$#

I#

(a*

$ample 3utput From


69/86


$ample 3utput FromPdebug -ax relay t"& all7le/el78Q

&his debug is only valid 4or &.- and Cisco 4a* relay as thegateay )lays an active role in modulating anddemodulating the &.-0 4a* messages

=ov 2 !E!9E22.92E &+&+&325 :2::!2201 4r'entered!03ms5

timestam):2::!--21 -r7msg7det N$F

timestam):2::!-01 -r7msg7det C$I

timestam):2::!1001 -r7msg7det 0I$

timestam):2::!-1 -r7msg7tx T$I

timestam):2::!!1 -r7msg7tx 0C$

timestam):2::2-291 -r7msg7det CF.

timestam):2::-:1 -r7msg7tx E3#

timestam):2::991 -r7msg7det )CF

timestam):2::12!:1 -r7msg7tx 0CN

=ov 2 !E20E0-.20E 0H0H0 325 :2::121 4r'end'dcn

Gut)ut 4rom the Cisco

voice gateay commandE

debug 4a* relay t-0 all'level'!


70/86


UniBue T%"& 0ebug $ignature> 0elay

I##$TN

&.-0 =egotiation

(ailure @ith a Ji7elyCause o4 &oo +uch

elay "eteen the

(a* nd)oints

4r'entered 3!0ms5

-r7msg7det N$F

-r7msg7det C$I

-r7msg7det 0I$

-r7msg7tx 0C$

-r7msg7det C$I-r7msg7det 0I$

-r7msg7tx 0C$

-r7msg7det N$F

-r7msg7det C$I

-r7msg7det 0I$

-r7msg7tx 0C$

%oice8ateay

N$F+C$I+0I$

N$F+C$I+0I$

N$F+C$I+0I$

0C$ 1train2

0C$ 1train2

0C$ 1train2

debug 4a*

relay t-0 all'level'!

&.-0 messages are not being

received be4ore )reviousmessages are retransmitted

Common causes o4 delayare satellite lin7s or multi)le %oIPho)s

Ad>usting the )layout bu44er onCisco voice gateays may hel)

(or e*am)le, con4igure )layout'delay 4a* !00under thea))ro)riate dial')eer to loer the)layout bu44er to !00 ms

%oice8ateay


71/86


UniBue T%"& 0ebug $ignature> Corruption

I##$TN

&.-0 =egotiation

(ailure @ith a Ji7elyCause o4 a Corru)ted

&raining Signal

N$F+0I$

FTT

FTT

T$I+0C$ 1train2

T$I+0C$ 1train2

T$I+0C$ 1train2

(a* machine is receiving acorru)ted training signal andsending an (&& message

+ost common cause o4 acorru)ted training is PS&=im)airments, such as cloc7 sli)s

(irst ste) is to alays con4irmthat any digital circuits are 4reeo4 errors

-r7entered


72/86


9iewing 0igital Circuit Errors

&! 0H!H0 is u). A))li6ue ty)e is Channelied &!

Cablelength is long gain-: 0db

=o alarms detected.

alarm'trigger is not set

Soa7ing timeE -, Clearance timeE !0

AIS StateEClear JGS StateEClear JG( StateEClear%ersion in4o (irmareE 200:0!!, (P8AE !-, s)m_count 0

(raming is S(, Jine Code is "YS, Cloc7 Source is Jine.

C#C &hreshold is -20. #e)orted 4rom 4irmare is -20.

ata in current interval 329 seconds ela)sed5E

0 Jine Code %iolations, 0 Path Code %iolations

2 Sli) Secs, 0 (r Joss Secs, 0 Jine rr Secs, 0 egraded +ins

2 rrored Secs, 0 "ursty rr Secs, 0 Severely rr Secs, 0 ;navail Secs

&otal ata 3last 2 hours5

0 Jine Code %iolations, 0 Path Code %iolations,

299 Sli) Secs, 0 (r Joss Secs, 0 Jine rr Secs, 0 egraded +ins,

299 rrored Secs, 0 "ursty rr Secs, 0 Severely rr Secs, 0 ;navail Secs

Gut)ut 4rom the Ciscovoice gateay commandE

sho controller t!


73/86


Con-irming the Training in T%":

&he &C( or training signal is a )attern o4 all 0s

Gther he* values shon in the &C( decode can cause thetraining to 4ail

&his training )attern can be chec7ed ithin @ireshar7 tocon4irm its integrity


74/86


$can Aine Corruption

In addition to training )roblems, PS&= errors and im)airments canalso cause scan lines to become corru)ted

Problem ill not be vieable ith rror Correction +ode 3C+54a*es but instead 4a*es ill ta7e a long time to com)lete or 4ailcom)letely

$nippet -rom a corrupted -ax page

udio Trace o- $can Aine and


75/86


udio Trace o- $can Aine andTraining Corruption

IS C(#

CS'train

+C(

Page GP

C=


77/86

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! 9-

Fax $er/er Components

Server hardare re6uirements are de4ined by 4a*server vendors

A))lication so4tare is )roduced by a variety o4 vendors

and it handles administration, con4iguration, andintegration 4unctions

(a* engine is either hardare 3ty)ically a PCI 4a* boardinstalled into the server5 or so4tare'based

Server


78/86


5hy )igrate to a Fax $er/er6

Security(a*es can be directed to a s)eci4ic user orstorage system ith limited access

@or74loIntegration

(a* servers can hel) automate )rocessmanagement )rocedures and s)eci4icor74lo a))lications

Archiving (a*es can e44iciently stored and inde*ed tocom)ly ith industry mandates such asSarbo* or SG* and


79/86


Fax $er/er ccess )ethods

;sers can access a 4a* server through inter4aces such as aeb broser, email, an +(P, and client so4tare

Gther devices and automated )rocesses can communicatedirectly ith a 4a* server through di44erent APIs

I#

(a*

Server

@eb

"roser

+ailServer

+(P

ClientSo4tare

A))lication

API

Fax $er/er Integration 5ith Cisco


80/86

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! 9:

Fax $er/er Integration 5ith CiscoUni-ied Communications )anager

(a* servers communicate ith Cisco ;ni4ied Communications +anagerusing


81/86


Cisco Fax $er/er> Centralied $olution

Cisco 4a* server is the G)en &e*t (a* Server 3#ight(a*5 a))licationon a Cisco +CS server

A 4ull 4eatured, scalable enter)rise solution that is centralied andsu))orts both hardare and so4tare'based 4a* engines to handlevarious integration solutions

e)loyed internally by Cisco in con>unction ith +ulti4unctionPeri)herals 3+(Ps5

(a*

Server

%oice

8ateay

;ni4ied C+

(a*

Client

mail

Client(a*

+(P


82/86


Cisco L#> LmediusFL $olution

Xmedius(AX server on an IS# blade

AXP runs a hardened Jinu* GS and )rovides a virtualied hostingenvironment

Xmedius(AX integrates directly ith IS# architecture and is able tobe con4igured and managed through the IGS CJI

(unctionality o4 a standalone 4a* server ith no 4oot)rint

Addresses the need 4or e44iciently handling 4a* tra44ic at the localbranch level

L)ediusFLCisco I$. !ateway

##.E)oduleL#


84/86

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! !0!

.ecommended .eading

(or more detailed in4ormationon 4a*, modem, and te*ttechnologies 4or IP&, chec7out the boo7E

Fax, )odem, and Text-or I# Telephony

&he e4initive #esource 4or

;nderstanding, esigning, Con4iguring,

and &roubleshooting (a*, +odem, and&e*t in &oday/s IP =etor7s

Complete Gour 3nline


85/86

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public"#$%%&'202!_c! !02

Complete Gour 3nline$ession E/aluation

8ive us your 4eedbac7 and youcould in 4abulous )ries.@inners announced daily.

#eceive 20 Pass)ort )oints 4oreach session evaluation youcom)lete.

Com)lete your session evaluationonline no 3o)en a broserthrough our ireless netor7 toaccess our )ortal5 or visit one o4the Internet stations throughout

the Convention Center. on/t 4orget to activate yourCisco Jive %irtual account 4or access to

all session material, communities, and

on'demand and live activities throughout

the year. Activate your account at the

Cisco booth in the @orld o4 Solutions or visit

.ciscolive.com.


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