Union of MyanmarUnion of Myanmar

Ministry of Agriculture and IrrigationMinistry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Department of Agricultural ResearchDepartment of Agricultural Research

YezinYezin, , NayPyiTawNayPyiTaw

MyanmarMyanmar

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MyanmarMyanmarCountry Data

LocationLocation:: LatitudeLatitude 99°° 3232’’ –– 2828°° 3131’’ NN

LongitudeLongitude 9292°° 1010’’ –– 101101°° 1111’’ EE

LandLand wisewise

NorthNorth toto SouthSouth 22,,060060 KmKm

EastEast toto WestWest 945945 KmKm

AreaArea:: 6767..6565 millionmillion--hectareshectaresAreaArea:: 6767..6565 millionmillion--hectareshectares

((676676,,577577 sqsq km)km)

PopulationPopulation 5959..7878 millionmillion

GrowthGrowth raterate 11..8484%%

RuralRural populationpopulation 6969%%

NorthNorth ChinaChina

EastEast ThailandThailand andand LaosLaos PDRPDR

WestWest IndiaIndia andand BangladeshBangladesh

SouthSouth ThailandThailand

Crude oil & Petroleum

Product, 13.45%

Natural Gas, 10.67%

Coal & Lignite, 2.48%

Biomass is the largest contributing energy source in Myanmar

Crude oil & Petroleum is the second most to depend

Energy sources in Myanmar

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Hydropower, 9.55%

Biomass , 63.86%

depend

Hydropower may be important component for energy security in future, providing high energy balance and enhancer for bio-fuel production

Non-energy uses and other consumption,

0.5%Industry, 5.8% Transportation

, 10.8%

Agriculture, 1.1%

• Agriculture sector consume only 1.1% of the total energy consumption (could be government agri: sector)

• Farm sector energy consumption and requirement should be estimated

Energy Consumption (%) by Sector

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1%

Services, 1%Residential, 80.8%

• With increasing mechanization, more diesel could have been used.

• If we calculate the diesel requirement for total irrigated area 2.3 million to have one pass of plough with power tiller, at least .5 million gallon could be needed.

Energy Consumption by Types

Other land24.65%

Other forest

24.02%

Almost 6 million ha (8.84%) of the total land area is

Land resources in Myanmar (2009-10)

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Net sown17.70%

Fallow land0.36%

Cultivable waste land

8.29%

Reserved forest

24.96%

total land area is still available.Almost 50% of the land is still being covered

by forest.

(000, ha)

Ayarwady,

40.49

Kachin, 1688.66

Kayin, 55.87

Kayah, 17.81�Kachin, Shan (E), and Chin still possess the potential

Distribution of cultivable waste land by State and Division as of January, 2008 (Source: Department of Agriculture Planning)

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Mon, 13.36

Mandalay,

36.03

Magwe, 63.56

Taninthayi,

254.66

Rakhine, 112.96

Yangon, 4.05

Bago, 93.52Shan (S),

516.19

Shan (N),

308.10

Sagaing, 121.86

Shan (E),

1216.60

Chin, 1211.34

Total 5755060 ha

potential for horizontal expansion

�Huge potential for both Food & Fuel crops

Current Situation

Policy Guidelines

The National Workshop by the New Government concluded by laying down 8 Tasks for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation.

Task No.1 Development of Agricultural productivity

Task No.2 Development of Livestock breeding and fisheries

Task No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivityTask No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivity

Task No.4 Development of Micro saving and credit associations

Task No.5 Development of Cooperative tasks

Task No.6 Development of rural socio-economy

Task No.7 Development of rural energy

Task No.8 Environmental conservation

Policy for Energy Development

• Energy Development

• Increase Self-Sufficiency

• Promote the utilization of renewable energy

• Prevent deforestation caused by excessive use of fuel wood and charcoal

Goals for Renewable Energy Development

• To minimize the country’s reliance on imported fuels.

• To create alternative markets.

• To ensure both food and energy security.

• To increase in rural employment

• To develop small and medium industries through benefits from emerging bio-energy opportunities.

• To sustain environmental conditions.

Current sources

• Petroleum

• Natural gas

• Compressed natural gas (CNG)

Potential sources

• Wind energy (renewable)

• Solar energy (renewable)

Available energy sources in Myanmar

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natural gas (CNG)

• Hydroelectricity (renewable)

• Coal

(renewable)

• Geothermal (renewable)

• Bio-energy (Renewable)

– Ethanol

– Bio-diesel

– Gasification

– Biogas

– Biomass

Biomass Power Generation

Source Materials - Agricultural Wastes- Energy Crops- Industrial Wastes- Municipal Solid Wastes- Animal Wastes

Applicable Technologies Applicable Technologies

– Gasification (Producer Gas) – Pellets and Loose Forms -Bio methanation (Biogas) – Anaerobic Digestion – Agri; waste, Industrial wastes and plant and leaves.

- Direct fired - Boiler for steam making and power generation.

Rice Husk as a Potential Fuel for Biogasifiers

Rice Husk availability

Paddy Production/yr= about 30.7 mio ton

Rice Husk ( ~20% ) = 6.12 mio ton/yr

Power equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yrPower equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr

Current Effective usage ~ 10 %

If the rest 90% or Min. 50% can be put into use – 17.9 GWh/yr ( or )

1,539 mio TOE/yr can be saved

Application of Biomass Gasification Technology to Irrigation Pumping

PROGRESS UP TO 2010

•The department had replaced 34 sets of diesel engine in 2008-2009 and 42

sets in 2009-2010 and 33sets in 2010-11 with gasifiers (rice husk based) for

irrigating 5760ha(13360 Acre) of paddy in three-year total.

•The operation of these systems has resulted in a saving of about 504 tons

(137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in(137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in

within three years, implying a saving of about 1612.8 tons of CO2.

• Moreover, local farmers in those areas had got extra income from the sale of

rice husk.

PLAN OF 2011-2012

It is planned to produce and install 50 dual-fuel type gasifiers(rice husk

based ) and 10 gasifiers (55”Ǿ x 5’) operating in 100% producer gas mode

for replacement of remaining diesel engine-driven pumping systems in 2011-

2012 fiscal year.

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Type-1 18"Øx5' Dual Fuel Type Gasifier

Khon Soke Pump StationAyeyarwaddy Division

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• Energy efficient stoves project

• Biogas projects

• Gasifier projects

• GMS country assessment on bio-fuel & renewable

energy project

• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &

On going projects for bioenergy in Myanmar

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• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &

Renewable energy

Diversity of potential ethanol producible crops in Myanmar

•Sugarcane

•Cassava

•Sorghum

•Sweet sorghum

•Indigenous root and tuber crops

• Maize

• Potato

• Sweet potato

• Toddy palm?

• Nipah palm?

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tuber crops

Toddy palm at dry zone and Nipah palm at mangrove areas of delta for ethanol or sugar !

Diversity of Potential Bio-diesel Feedstock in Myanmar

• Jatropha curcas

• Palm oil

• Coconut

• Rice-brand oil

• Cotton seed

• Soybean

• Rape seed

• Niger

• Neem seed

• Other Vegetable

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• Sesame

• Peanut

• Other Vegetable seed

Need to evaluate all oleaginous plants for bio-diesel. R & D is essential

State of biodiesel production from Jatropha in Myanmar

Government launched the plan in2005 with full political will with thetarget to reach over 3.23 million ha(8 million ac) within 3 years; (Largepublic campaign)Main objective is for rural energyself-sufficiency;– Small farm machineries,

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– Small farm machineries,– Domestic lighting and cooking,

and– Income generation from surplus

productionDuring 2011, 2.13 million hectarehas been covered.Committed large scale experiment?

Jatropha Curcus Plantation Programme

State /Region

Sown area (,000ha)

Harvested (,000ha)

Yield (MT/ha)

Production (MT)

Kachin 135 1.5 0.03 40

Kayah 120 2.4 0.12 274

State /Region

Sown area (,000ha)

Harvested (,000ha)

Yield (MT/ha)

Production (MT)

Mandalay 217 3.0 0.07 210

Year Proposed area

acre (hectare)

Actual cultivated area acre (hectare)

20052005 -- 16,197 (6555)16,197 (6555)

20062006--0707 2,158,559 (873522)2,158,559 (873522) 850,000 (343976)850,000 (343976)

20072007--0808 2,688,209 (1087859)2,688,209 (1087859) 1,100,000 (445146)1,100,000 (445146)

20082008--0909 3,382,490 (1368820)3,382,490 (1368820) --

Jatropha Production in Myanmar (2010-11)

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Kayah 120 2.4 0.12 274

Kayin 95 1.3 0.15 203

Chin 81 0.2 0.05 10

Sagaing 208 9.9 0.07 734

Taninthar-

yi9 1.5 0.06 81

Bago (E) 113 1.8 0.04 66

Bago (W) 90 0.6 0.03 16

Magwe 324 27.2 0.08 2201

Mon 67 0.3 0.06 16

Rakhine 43 1.2 0.06 69

Yangon 34 0.5 0.05 26

Shan (S) 190 9.7 0.10 998

Shan (N) 198 11.2 0.02 203

Shan (E) 49 2.9 0.07 260

Ayeyar-

wady188 1.4 0.06 91

Total 2127 78 0.07 5498

Up to 2011- Biodiesel produced from Jetropha Curcus can be used for home cooking usage and one cylinder diesel engines drive . Now one machine (superheated steam system) has

been carried out in test run position with JKK Co.,Ltd.(Japan), after that it will be operated for rural electrification (at least 10-20 villages).

On-going R&D for Jatropha

Germplasm collection

Varietals improvement

– High Yield and High Oil content

Agro-techniques

– Propagation method

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– Propagation method

– Fertilizer response

– Planting arrangement

– Pruning method

– Irrigation

– Pest and disease management

Processing technology

Key Issues and ChallengesJatropha

• There is no certified variety/clone of jatropha

• Breeding for locally adaptable, high yielding variety/clone should be the number one priorityshould be the number one priority

• Pests and diseases managements

• Weeds

• Presently there is no marketing channel and price structure

for Jatropha production in Myanmar

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Conclusion

• No immediate threat of competition for land

resources by biofuel crops

• Formulation of land use and trade policy for

expanding biofuel farming

• National policy on biofuel will provide the basis

for accelerated development of biofuel in the country

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for accelerated development of biofuel in the country

• Development of proper market

• Cooperation and co-ordination among concerned

institutions

• Need initial technical assistance and capacity

building

• Integrated efforts of public-private partnership

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