Unit 1 Chapters 46-50

Ecology• Definition = interactions of organisms with their physical

environment and each other• [Know biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere]

I. Population DynamicsA. Population Density = # of organisms per area

B. Distribution Patterns

1. Uniform - grass, field of corn, penguins

2. Random – trees of same species in rainforest

3. Clumped - groves of trees, prairie dog (social)

C. Population Growthb = natality (birth rate)d = mortality (death rate)r = rate of growth (b - d)

Real Answers to Science Tests

•When you smell an odorless gas, it is probably carbon monoxide.

•Water is composed of two gins, oxygin and hydrogin. Oxygin is pure gin. Hydrogin is gin and water.

•Nitrogen is not found in Ireland because it is not found in a free state.

•When you breathe, you inspire. When you do not breathe, you expire.

•Three kinds of blood vessels are arteries, vanes, and caterpillars.

•Before giving a blood transfusion, find out if the blood is affirmative or negative.

•The moon is a planet just like the Earth, only it is even deader.

•The pistol of a flower is its only protection against insects.

•A fossil is an extinct animal. The older it is, the more extinct it is.

•For fainting: Rub the person's chest, or, if it's a lady, rub her arm above the hand. Or put her head between the knees of the nearest medical doctor.

•Equator: a menagerie lion running around Earth through Africa.

•Rhubarb: a kind of celery gone bloodshot.

•The skeleton is what is left after the insides have been taken out and the outsides have been taken off. The purpose of the skeleton is so that there is something to hitch the meat to.

•To remove dust from the eye, pull the eye down over the nose.

•The body consists of three parts - the brainium, the borax and the abominable cavity. The brainium contains the brain. The borax contains the heart and lungs, and the abominable cavity contains the bowels, of which there are five - A, E, I, O, and U.

1.Biotic Potential - maximum growth rate under ideal conditions (exponential growth)

G = rN

2. Limiting factors

a. Resource depletion

b. Competition for resources

c. Available space

d. Parasitism and disease

e. Predation - predator-prey relationship is usually controlled by prey population, incompetent and extremely efficient predators are rare

• Which of the previous are density dependent or density independent???

3. Logistic growth - idealized population growth due to influence of limiting factors

where K = carrying capacity (the maximum population a particular environment can sustain)

K

NKrNG

)(

Carrying Capacity

p819 – Reindeer Population

D. Life history patternsr-strategies

-Opportunistic-Disturbed environment-Abundant resources-Many young produced-Small young produced-Rapid maturation-Early breeding-Little or no parental care-Reproductive once (“Big Bang”)-Type III survivorship

curve

K-strategies

-Equilibrial-Stable conditions, i.e. at

carrying capacity or climax-Stable resources-Few young produced-Large young produced-Slow maturation-Late breeding-Intensive parental care-Reproductive many times-Type I survivorship curve

Survivorship Curves

THINGS THAT IT TOOK ME OVER 50 YEARS TO LEARN (by Dave Barry)

• 1. Never, under any circumstances, take a sleeping pill and a laxative on thesame night.

• 2. There is a very fine line between "hobby" and "mental illness." • 3. People who want to share their religious views with you almost never want you

to share yours with them. • 4. You should not confuse your career with your life. • 5. Nobody cares if you can't dance well. Just get up and dance. • 6. Never lick a steak knife. • 7. The most destructive force in the universe is gossip. • 8. You will never find anybody who can give you a clear and compelling reason

why we observe daylight savings time. • 9. You should never say anything to a woman that even remotely suggests that you

think she's pregnant unless you can see an actual baby emerging from her at thatmoment.

• 10. There comes a time when you should stop expecting other people to make a bigdeal about your birthday. That time is age eleven.

• 11. The one thing that unites all human beings, regardless of age, gender,religion, economic status or ethnic background, is that, deep down inside, weALL believe that we are above average drivers.

• 12. A person who is nice to you, but rude to the waiter, is not a nice person.(This is very important. Pay attention. It never fails.)

• 13. Your friends love you anyway. • 14. Never be afraid to try something new. Remember that a lone amateur built the

Ark. A large group of professionals built the Titanic.

• FINAL Thought: 15. Men are like a fine wine. They start out as grapes, and it's up to women tostomp the crap out of them until they turn into something acceptable to havedinner with.

E. Human Population

1. ZPG Video

2. Increase in growth rate

- Expansion of habitat

- Increased capacity in existing habitats

- Population has sidestepped limiting factors

How?

Technology

Medicine

2. Population Growth Rate in Different Regions (map)

3. Age Structure Diagram

Green - Pre-reproductive yearsDark Blue- Reproductive yearsLight blue - Post- reproductive years

4. Age Structure Diagram U.S.