unit 14: the world between the wars (chap.27);...

Unit 14: The World Between the Wars (chap.27); APEH

I. After Versailles: Demands for Revision and Enforcementi. Paris

II. Toward the Great Depression in Europei. Warren Harding

ii. normalcyiii. Casualties from the wariv. Great Depression

1. Financial crisis2. Crisis in the production 3. No major Western European country…

b. Financial Tailspini. France

1. Collect reparations from Germanyii. United States

iii. Debtsiv. 1923v. Default

vi. French and Belgian occupied the Ruhr miningvii. Weimar Republic

1. General strike2. Cost of the Ruhr occupation3. American investment capital4. May 19315. Kreditanstalt

viii. U.S. President Herbert Hoover1. One-year moratorium

ix. Lausanne Conferencec. Problems in Agricultural Commodities

i. Market demandii. Agriculture

iii. Government held reserves of raw materials reached record levels1. Stagnation

iv. “ Soft” domestic marketsd. Depression and Government Policy in Britain and France

i. ‘Governments’ ii. Moderate

iii. Labour Party1. Great Britain2. King George V3. Ramsay MacDonald4. Labour

iv. Conservative ministry


v. Stanley Baldwin1. Irish State

a. Dublin2. Sinn Fein3. Dail Eireann

vi. Irish Republican Army (IRA)1. Irish Free State2. Northern Ireland3. United Kingdom of Great Britain…4. Free State

vii. Neutral during WWIIviii. French interwar..

ix. Popular Front1. Socialists2. Soviet government in Russia

x. Fascist regime in Italyxi. Nazi dictatorship in Germany

III. The Soviet Experimenti. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

ii. Communist Party of the Soviet Union1. Revolution

iii. Marxist-Leninist ideology1. Epoch-making events…

b. War Communismi. Leon Trotsky

ii. Chekaiii. Dictatorship of the proletariativ. War Communismv. Workers and peasants

1. “Peace, Bread, and Land”vi. Mutinied at the Kronstadt

1. Red Armyc. The New Economic Policy

i. New Economic Policy1. Industrial production

d. The Third Internationali. The Third International of the European socialist movement

ii. Cominterniii. Twenty-one Conditions

1. Separate communiste. Stalin versus Trotsky

i. 1924


ii. Trotskyiii. Joseph Stalin

1. Left wing2. Rapid industrialization3. Voluntary collectivization

iv. Pravada1. Stalin

v. Continuation of Lenin’s NEP1. Relatively slow industrialization

vi. Support1. “Socialism in one country”

vii. Nationalizedviii. Exiled to Siberia

f. The Decision for Rapid Industrializationi. Party Congress

ii. Rapid industrializationiii. “Industrialization by political mobilization”iv. Departure from NEPv. Enemies

vi. Five-year plansvii. State Planning Commission

viii. Gosplanix. Large Factory labor forcex. Results

g. Collectivization of Agriculturei. Grain at prices…

ii. Scarcity of consumersiii. First, they asserted that the traditional peasant holdings were too small to

produce enough grain to meet the country’s needsiv. Second, they claimed that a class-enemy was responsible for the hoarding and

for what they regarded as speculation in the grain tradev. Kulaks

vi. Collectivizationvii. Dekulakization

viii. Collectivizationix. Sabotaged Collectivizationx. Starved to death

xi. 2 million were forced out of their homes…xii. Prison camps

xiii. Ukrainexiv. Russian Orthodox Churchxv. Harsh treatment


xvi. By 1937, over 90 percent of Soviet grain production…h. The Purges

i. The Great Purgeii. Assassination

iii. December 1, 1934iv. Show trialsv. Politburo

vi. Increasing Stalin’s authorityvii. Eliminate any opposition

viii. “Centrally authorized chaos”ix. “Old Bolsheviks”

IV. The Fascist Experiment in Italyi. Italy

ii. Fascistiii. Benito Mussoliniiv. Fascism

b. The Rise of Mussolinii. Fasci di Combattimento

ii. Milaniii. Duceiv. Benito Mussoliniv. Avanti

vi. Il Popolo d’Italiavii. Extreme nationalist writer

1. Gabriele D’Annunzioviii. The Socialist Party

ix. Catholic Popular Partyx. Local squads

xi. Chamber of Deputiesxii. Black Shirts

1. March on Romexiii. King Victor Emmanuel IIIxiv. Prime minister

c. The Fascist in Poweri. Dictatorial authority

ii. Mussolini1. Control of the Chamber of Deputies2. Rule by Decree3. Single-Party

iii. Lateran Accordiv. Temporal Ruler

1. Catholicism


V. German Democracy and Dictatorshipa. The Weimar Republic

i. Weimar Republic1. Social Democrats2. Versailles Treaty

ii. Highly enlightenediii. Reichstagiv. Article 48

1. Possibility of presidential dictatorshipv. Kapp Putsch

vi. In May 1921 the Allies presented a reparations bill…1. Invasion of the Ruhr and Inflation

vii. Economic woes1. German currency fell2. French invasion of the Ruhr3. Weimar government 4. Unemployment soon spread from the Ruhr

b. Hitler’s Early Careeri. Adolf Hitler

1. Christian Socialist Party2. German nationalism 3. Extreme Anti-Semitism4. Hate Marxism5. Fought in German army

a. Iron Crossii. Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party

1. Nazis2. Black Swastika

iii. Twenty-Five Points1. Socialist

iv. Subordination1. Storm Trooper

v. SA (Sturm Abteilung)vi. Captain Ernst Roehm

vii. Brown-shirted uniformviii. Against the Weimar Republic

ix. General Erich Ludendorffx. Unsuccessful putsch

1. Convicted and sentenced to five years in prison2. Mein Kampf

a. Fierce racial anti-Semitismb. Opposition to Bolshevism


c. “living space”d. Natural targets

The Stresemann Years

xi. Gustav Stresemann1. Reconstruction of the republic2. Hjamlar Schact

xii. In 1924 the Weimar Republic and the Allies renegotiated the reparation payments

xiii. Dawes Planxiv. Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg

1. Locarnoxv. Locarno Agreements of October 1925

1. The spirit of conciliationxvi. Austen Chamberlain

xvii. Aristide Briandxviii. France supported Geramn membership

xix. Kellogg-Briand Pact1. Renounce “War as an instrument of national policy”

xx. Young Plan1. Great Depression of the 1930’s

c. Depression and Political Deadlockd. Hitler Comes to Power

i. Hindenburgii. Franz von Papen

iii. Another election was called in Novemberiv. Civil War

1. Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany2. Head of government

v. Support for Hitlere. Hitler’s Consolidation of Power

i. The crushing of alternative political groupsii. Purging of rivals within the Nazi Party

iii. Fire to the Reichstagiv. Emergency Decreev. Enabling Act

vi. National Socialistsvii. 1933, all major…

viii. President Hindenburg diedix. Führer

f. Anti-Semitism and the Police State


i. Police stateii. SS (Schutzstaffel)

iii. Heinrich Himmler1. Attack on Jewish Economic Life

iv. Anti-Semitism1. Racial Legislation

v. Nuremburg Laws1. Kristallnacht

vi. Kristallnacht1. The Final Solution

g. Racial Ideology and the Lives of Womeni. German women

ii. Preserving racial purity and giving birthiii. Racially fit for it

unit 14: the world between the wars (chap.27);...

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