unit 2: being mindful with the self

1 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

UNIT 2: Being Mindful with the Self Table of Contents

Introduction 2

Lesson 1: Holistic Development of the Self

Jump Start 5

Learn about It! 6

Check Your Understanding 17

Explore Your World! 19

Lesson 2: Integration of Thought, Feelings and Behavior

Jump Start 22

Learn about It! 23

Check Your Understanding 32

Explore Your World! 34

Real-world Challenge 37

My Reflection 38

Wrap Up 39

Answers to Check Your Understanding 41

Bibliography 46

Glossary 48


GRADE 11/12 | Personal Development

UNIT 2

Being Mindful with the Self

“In every atom, there is a reflection of the whole.”

-Jay Woodman-

This unit discusses how the self is not just made up of the physical body. It tackles

how other factors help in the personal development of a person. It makes us realize

that understanding a person means learning, evaluating, and assessing the many

facets of his/her self. These factors contribute to the uniqueness and complexity of

every human being.

Megan: A Unique and Special Person

Megan is fascinated with human behavior. She wants to understand what makes a

person different from another. At a very young age, she has the uncanny ability to

observe her classmates. When asked, she can immediately identify who among her

classmates have conflicts; who among them is competitive; and who among them

are undergoing difficulties at home.

Megan is a study of contrast. She is very loyal to her religion, but she listens to the

teachings of other religions as well. She loves to listen to all kinds of music. She

feels empathy to the people who live on the streets and yet, she does not like giving


them alms because she believes that people who are healthy should be earning

their keep and not ask other people for money. Megan likes to look at art works but

is a terrible artist as shown by her low grade in Arts. She is a quiet person, but once

given a set of drums, she can make people notice her with her sheer talent. Above

all, Megan likes to make friends but also enjoys her own company.

These contradictions make Megan a unique person. Her qualities are multi-

dimensional which makes her a fascinating person to observe and study. She is not

alone in having these qualities. There are many people who think of themselves as

having a specific and limited characteristic until they find out that they are more

than just the self-descriptions they know. If only they know how and where to look.

Having a thorough knowledge of the self may prove to be a difficult task to achieve.

A lot of people are clueless as to how special they are. The tendency of a person is

to focus on a limited set of personal qualities, not knowing that he/she has other

characteristics as well. Knowing and being mindful of the self is the start as to how

a person can discover unknown things about him/her. Self-discovery is both an

exciting journey and a painful realization. However, it can help in facing and

accepting our strengths and weaknesses.

Essential Questions

What are the different areas of personal development?

What are the characteristics of one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

How can one illustrate the connection between thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors?

How do these connections affect how a person views himself/herself,

the relationships with other people, and his/her interpretation of the

world around him/her?


Learning Targets

In this unit, you should be able to:

● discuss the relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological,

spiritual, and social development to understand his thoughts, feelings,

and behaviors;

● evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; and

● show connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in actual life

situations.


Lesson 1: Holistic Development of the

Self

Many people are unaware that the self is influenced by varying factors. These

factors play vital roles; and their combined forces create feelings, perspectives, and

attitudes that can make a person well-adjusted or not. It is no wonder that a person

cannot be considered as the replica of another person. Even identical twins may

look exactly alike, but each of them has nuances that can make them different from

their twin. A self can be considered as a kaleidoscope—with its brilliant hues and

different shapes. When combined, they make an eye-catching design that makes a

person fascinated and curious.

Jump Start

Materials: puzzles

Instructions:

In this activity, 5 or 6 identical puzzles are presented that are cut into 5-6 pieces

only. You need to solve the puzzles in the shortest possible time. The class will be

divided into several groups with a maximum of 6-7 members. Each group will

assign a member that will act as the observer. This observer will do two things:

he/she will observe the group and will discourage them from speaking to one

another or making gestures while solving the puzzle and the second task is to time

the number of seconds/minutes it took them to solve the puzzle.

Once the activity is done, the observers will share their insights about how the

group performed and who among the groups was able to solve the puzzle in the

shortest amount of time.


Afterwards, the students may answer the following questions:

“How did you solve the puzzle without talking or giving gestures to one another?”

“How did you feel the first time you heard that you will solve the puzzle in

complete silence and will not be allowed to show gestures that would give clues as

to how the puzzle will be solved?”

“Do you believe that a person is similar to a puzzle? Why or why not?”

Learn about It!

You cannot understand yourself

without learning the different

components of your personhood.

These components are equally

important in contributing to the

totality of a person. Their functions

are based on what you need to

survive and thrive in an environment

where conflicting interests, sudden

changes, and innovations are

constantly happening. The combined functioning of these components provides

support to your adjustment.

Holistic Development

An adolescent is constantly changing. You may not be aware of this, but for every

second that passes, your whole body changes. These changes occur simultaneously

and are never-ending. As adolescents mature, your social circles keep getting wider

and wider. Your body begins to change. Your brain processes new ideas. Your faith

and morals evolve as they are exposed to the realities of life. Your emotions change

from simple feelings like being happy and sad into being ecstatic and melancholic.

PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT

Have you ever met a person who

seems to be so complex that it is

difficult to fully understand him or her?

What makes this person a complex

character?


The totality or holism of a person is a constant source of mystery. It is ironic that in

spite of the advances in Science, the human body and the self are still cloaked in

mystery that is still waiting to be uncovered.

Holism. General Jan C. Smuts, a statesman

from South Africa, defined holism in 1926. He

first made use of the term in his book Holism

and Evolution. According to him, holism is the

tendency in nature to form wholes which are

greater than the sum of the parts through

creative evolution.

Five Areas of Personal Development

The totality of a human being is not just explained by physical changes and

processes. Several components make up the holism of a person.

REMEMBER ME!

Holism is the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the

sum of the parts through creative evolution.

.


Figure 1. The Five Areas of Personal Development

A. Physiological Development

This includes the five senses and other physical characteristics including the

changes in the body and the development of skills related to mobility or movement.

Physiological changes do not stop. They happen even before a child is given birth

and only ends in death. This means that the physical attributes of a person are a

work in progress. A person’s body undergoes a cycle of developing strength, from

the peaking of physical might and then falling to a gradual descent into a weakness

that eventually leads to death. The body is made up of physical or outward

attributes and the internal attributes composed of the organ systems.

Personal Developement

Physiological

Cognitive

Social and Emotional

Spiritual

Psycholgical


Figure 2. The Human Body

Some of the terms related to physiological functioning and measurements are

heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, sperm count, reflexes, saliva production, brain

activity and the like. These terms indicate the health of a person.

For an adolescent, being young does not excuse him/her from living an unhealthy

lifestyle. A healthy body is a reflection of how an individual takes care of

himself/herself. There are easy steps on how an adolescent can take of the body.

Steps in taking care of the body:

1. Practice healthy eating habits.

Reduce the intake of foods that are rich in salt, unhealthy fats, and sugar.

Make fruits and vegetable parts of the daily diet.

Check the nutritional facts when doing the grocery.

Observe food portions.

Eat on time and do not skip your meals.

•Build (Well built, Plump, Slim).

•Height (Tall, Average, Petite).

•Complexion (Fair, Tan, Dark, Pimply, Freckles).

•Hair (Black, Red, Brown, Blond, Short, Long).

Physical Attributes

•Skeletal, Muscular.

•Integumentary, Respiratory.

•Digestive, Lymphatic.

•Endocrine, Nervous.

•Urinary, Cardiovascular.

•Reproductive.

Organ Systems


2. Live an active lifestyle.

3. Get enough sleep and rest.

B. Cognitive Development

There are two things to remember when studying this component: cognition and

cognitive processes.

Cognition. The American Psychological Association described cognition as the

processes of knowing which includes remembering, attending, and reasoning. It

also involves the contents of these processes like memories and concepts.

Likewise, it describes what cognitive processes

are. The cognitive processes include the

higher mental processes like memory,

language, perception, problem-solving, and

abstract thinking.

The cognitive component of an individual

refers to the mental processes or the

intellectual functioning of the mind. The

intellectual skills and abilities of a person are

shown through the attitudes, values, beliefs,

and thoughts. The ability to think, recall,

recognize, analyze, reason, synthesize,

evaluate, and assess are under the domain of this component.

Going to school and learning about the thinking skills is a surefire way of enhancing

this area. The application of these mental skills can influence the way a person

views and interpret the people around him and the world.


Attitude. This is one of the aspects that is influenced by mental skills. In 2005, Hogg

and Vaughan, as cited by Llaneza-Ramos (2017), described it as “a relatively

enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards

socially significant objects, groups, events, or symbols.” It can be considered as a

stand or a belief that came from previous learning and understanding. An attitude

entails how the person perceives events, how a person feels about these events,

and a person’s evaluation of whether an event is helpful or not.

Figure 3. The Elements of Attitude:

.

Cognitive. This is made up of knowledge and specific beliefs.

Affective. This is made up of emotional responses.

Behavioral. This is the manner in which an attitude influences the observable action or behaviour.

REMEMBER ME!

Cognition includes the processes of knowing like remembering, attending,

and reasoning.

Cognitive processes include the higher mental processes like memory,

language, perception, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.

.


These three elements work most of the time.

Since behavior is considered as the

manifestation of an attitude, it is naturally

expected that the action is always in line with

the attitude. However, this is not always the

case. There are instances in which the

person’s feelings and beliefs go against the

attitude.

Mental skills and abilities are like muscles. The more they are put into use, the

more they will be developed. That is why going to school, undergoing workshops or

participating in or doing activities that sharpen the mental abilities is advisable. For

instance, when a person plays chess, solves puzzles, and reads an interesting book,

then he/she is developing the mental skills.

EXAMPLE

Margie is aware of the dangers of going out alone at night, but since she

feels that she should meet her friends so they could go to a fun party, she

goes ahead with it.

EXAMPLE

Cognitive. Rats are dirty.

Affective. I find rats repulsive.

Behavioral. When I see a rat, I get disgusted and jump so I could avoid it.

TIP!

To remember the elements

of attitude, remember the

CAB.

C- ognitive.

A – ffective.

B – ehavioral.

.


C. Social and Emotional Development

This is described as our inherent or innate capability and needs to reach out and

form relationships with other people. This is born out of the basic need to belong. A

person is considered as a social being. It cannot live in isolation. A person is part of

a family, a school, a community, a society, and a country. He/She cannot escape the

call of interacting with other people.

Social development also studies the similarities and differences in social groups.

These are examined to render explanations about the behavior of a person as an

individual and as a member of a particular group or society. Some of the factors

that are being studied in social development are social roles (including gender and

age) and groupthink.

Emotions, Feelings

Emotions are responses that create

biochemical reactions in the body. These

reactions change the physical state. The

main purpose is to help in the survival of

the species by producing fast reactions to

rewards, threats, and everything in the

environment. Emotion can make the heart

beat faster; can make the palms sweaty;

can dilate or contract pupils; can make a

person shiver; can make the mouth go dry; or can make the voice crack.

The four basic emotions are being happy, sad, fearful or surprised, and disgusted

or angry.

Feelings are the mental reactions and association to emotions. They are subjective

because they are influenced by personal beliefs, experiences, and memories. A

feeling attributes or labels a meaning to emotions.


For instance, crying (physiological response) may mean sadness (feeling), anger

(feeling), or happiness (feeling).

Based on these definitions, a person may witness the same event but may have

different meanings and reactions to it. To illustrate, a person may appreciate

receiving a pair of shoes as a gift or may get offended because he/she might think

that the reason why a pair of shoes was given is that the person may find her shoes

old and ugly.

D. Spiritual Development

Spiritual development is characterized by the discovery and experience of the

inner guide that steers the values and beliefs of a person.

Values. They are the judgment that people make about issues, people, or things.

They are subjective because their formation is shaped by their upbringing and life

experiences.

Virtue. It is the quality that echoes or reflects the values.

REMEMBER ME!

The four basic emotions are being happy, sad, fearful or surprised, and disgusted

or angry.

.


Carandang et al. discussed spirituality as

perceived in two different cultures. It is said

that there is a difference between spirituality

as seen in the local perspective and Western

context. In the Philippines, spirituality is seen

as an element that guides behavior. In

Western countries, spirituality is seen as a

change from being self-centered into an

outward goal that gives benefit to others.

Csikszentmihalyi (1994) defined spiritual

activity as something that aims to produce

harmony among conflicting desires. It tries

to reconcile human goals with natural forces that impinge on them from the

environment. It clarifies the components of individual experience as “good and

bad, love and hate, pleasure and pain.”

A study done by Mansukhani and Ressureccion, as published in the Philippine

Journal of Psychology in 2009, revealed that Filipino youth associate spirituality

regarding faith, positive character, and relationship with God.

Another study by Ocampo, Mansukhani, Mangrobang, and Juan in 2013 pointed out

that Filipino adolescents believe in the existence of God, have a personal

relationship with the Almighty, place their trust in God’s plans and believe that

spirituality and religiosity are the same. Filipino adolescents attend in worship

services; they observe religious rituals, they pray to seek God’s guidance and help

other people. Their religious influences include their parents, friends, peers, and

EXAMPLE

A person who values truthfulness will be honest (virtue) and trustworthy

(virtue).

A person who values power will be dominant (virtue) and controlling (virtue)

TIP!

To remember the Five Areas

of Development, think of:

P – hysiological.

C – ognitive.

S – ocial and emotional.

S – piritual.

P – sychological.


school. These influences act as support to the spirituality of adolescents which

results in improvement of the sense of self and relationships of adolescents with

others. These are shown through intrapersonal and interpersonal changes that the

adolescent experiences.

E. Psychological Development

In connection with the elements of attitude, psychological development focuses on

how these three acts in accordance or opposition of another. Aside from this,

psychological development is the growth and development of a person’s cognitive,

emotional, and social skills. Also, these skills are studied in conjunction with their

physical growth and development. Furthermore, psychological development

analyzes an individual in the course of a lifespan.

This aspect covers all of the other four areas. The changes that have developed in

each area are explained based on how they relate to human behavior. In short, this

is why it can explain how the cognitive beliefs, emotional responses, and

observable behavior work against or for each other.

A human being is more than just its parts. The holism of a person rests on the

development of these five areas. Their contributions make every person unique.

He/She makes interpretations and reaction to the events and people in his/her

environment. The five areas of development are physiological, cognitive, social and

emotional, spiritual, and psychological. Each of them has functions that create

variations in every human being.


Check Your Understanding

A. Read each statement carefully. Supply the correct words to complete the

statement.

1. The processes of knowing like remembering, attending, and reasoning is

collectively known as ______________.

2. The tendency of nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the

parts through creative evolution is known as _______________.

3. The ______________ is described as a relatively enduring organization of beliefs,

feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups,

events, or symbols.

4. The _____________ include the higher mental processes like memory, language,

perception, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.

5. The responses that create biochemical reactions in the body are known as

___________.

B. Answer the following questions in a brief but concise manner.

1. If Megan is your classmate, would you like her to be your friend?

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Think of a situation that shows an example of a value and a virtue. How can

you demonstrate the presence of these two in your example?


___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. From among these, which one do you value most? Why?

Love Justice Honor Honesty

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

C. Read each situation carefully and answer the questions for each item.

1. How would you predict the attitude that will be formed when a child is always

taught to help people in need, give donations to charities, and give away toys to

children who do not have anything to play with?

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you believe that psychological development is the combination of the four

other areas of development? Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. How can you generalize the spiritual qualities of a Filipino adolescent?


___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Explore Your World!

Task 1: Spiritual Perspective in Action

Materials: paper, pen

Instructions:

On a piece of paper, how do you distinguish being spiritual from being religious?

Explain their differences and similarities with each other and choose which one do

you fit in? As an adolescent, how does your faith affect your attitude about equality,

material things, and intellectual pursuits? Explain your answers in a clear and

concise manner. Share your output to the class.

Criteria for Scoring Points

Clarity of ideas 3

Presence of relevant details 3

Creativity and uniqueness of the presentation 2

Grammatically correct sentences and level of

confidence

2

Total 10


Task 2: Human Mirror


Instructions:

Choose a partner. Find a place where the two of you could talk without disruptions.

Face each other and take turns in giving each other one genuine compliment. The

two of you should have a total of 5 compliments each. Explain why this is the

compliment you gave.

You can volunteer what you and partner have felt during the activity. Write a

paragraph about your feelings and thoughts while doing the task.

Task 3: Picture! Picture!

Materials: paper, pen, Power point presentation (optional)

Instructions:

Form a group of five people. Take a group picture with each member posing

uniquely. Cut the picture into five individual shots so that each member will be

highlighted in the presentation. Then, caption each person with four adjectives,

each one related to one area of development. For the psychological development,


Clarity of ideas 3

Presence of relevant and accurate details 3



confidence

2

Total 10


form a sentence that summarizes the four adjectives for each student. Present the

pictures individually in a power point presentation.


Relevance of details 5

Clarity and logical reasoning 5


confidence

5

Creativity and impact of the presentation 5

Total 20

Albert Bandura, a well-know psychologist, believes that the capacity of

people to control their own lives is the core of humanness. He said that

“people are self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective and self-organizing.”


Lesson 2: Integration of Thoughts,

Feelings and Behaviors

How can three distinct concepts interact with each other? This is a question that

this lesson will answer. The behavior of a person is dependent on these forces that

help shape how he/she responds to the environment and people that surround

him/her. These three factors are equally important, and in this lesson, we will learn

why.

Jump Start

Materials: Power point presentation

Instructions:

The teacher will show famous trios in local and international showbiz like Tito, Vic,

and Joey or the Three Musketeers. You will be asked what you think is the role of

each member in these groups. You may also be asked a hypothetical question like:

“If this member is included, do you think the group will still be the same?”

You will share your thoughts on how the absence of these members will affect the

performance of the group.


Learn about It!

Understanding a person is not the

only objective of personal

development. It also seeks to see

the relationships among different

concepts that are responsible for the

thoughts and actions of a person.

These relationships can answer

lingering questions like “Why do you

reacted that way?” or “What makes you, you?” This lesson will give you insight into

the confusing world of human behavior.

Dualism

Dualism is associated with Rene Descartes. He is

a philosopher who proposed the theory of

duality. Duality is the recognition and

comprehension of the nature of things dually.

The best example of this is the Eastern concept

of yin and yang. According to eastern

philosophers, both the yin and yang exist. One

cannot do away with the other, and it cannot

exist independently.

PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT

Do you agree that if there is a motto

that says “You are what you eat.”

then we can also say that “You are

what you think.”?

REMEMBER ME!

Duality is the recognition and comprehension of the nature of things dually.


Mind/Body Connection

Dualism is a philosophical term that speaks of the independence between the

functioning of the mind and the body. This thought existed before, but it is being

refuted today. At the moment, it is accepted that the mind and body are connected.

The mind/body connection means that your thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and

attitudes affect the body either in a positive or negative way. A healthy mind means

having a healthy body as well.

However, the things that you do with your body like the food you eat and the

activities you do can also impact the mind.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

According to this technique, your behavior is affected by how you think and feel.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy’s main purpose is to correct misconceptions, false

beliefs, and faulty reasoning so that you can sustain a healthy level of adjustment

and connection with other people.

REMEMBER ME!

The mind/body connection means that your thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and

attitudes affect the body either in a positive or negative way.

EXAMPLE Jane loves to drink alcohol and smoke. Due to the long-term effects of these

activities, she was diagnosed with cancer. Upon learning this, Jane became

depressed and lost hope that she will still recover.


Experts say that behaviors are the products of a process. When a situation or an

event happens, the response or behavior of a person depends on two things: the

thoughts and feelings. When these two are combined, the observable action

(behavior) is shown.

EXAMPLE

Jay experienced being bitten by a dog when he was little. This affected his

behavior whenever he sees a dog. Yesterday, he was walking down the street

and saw a Rottweiler in front of him. He remembered the experience of being

bitten (thought), and he started trembling with fear (feelings). However, he

stood quietly (behavior) until the dog approached him and started licking his

hand.

REMEMBER ME!

The purpose of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is to correct misconceptions, false

beliefs, and faulty reasoning so a person can sustain a healthy level of

adjustment and connection with other people.


Figure 1. The Cycle of Behavior

Implications

Based on this diagram, it suggests that behavior repeats constantly. While many

people are considered as creatures of habit that are bound to follow the same

patterns of behavior, this implication is a double-edged sword.

For instance, a person who has a lot of integrity may be predicted to maintain

his/her honor by adhering to the dictates of the conscience. This person is expected

Situation

Thoughts

Feelings

Behavior


to uphold the values and the traditions that he/she has been brought up with. This

is a very positive cycle of behavior and one that is worth emulating.

But what if the situation is similar to this?

A person has a lot of self-doubts. This

person has a firm belief that his/her

abilities and level of intelligence are not

sufficient to ensure that he/she can get a

job or ensure success. Because of this

persistent notion, he/she hesitates on

taking responsibilities that would require

a higher level of intellectual functioning

and decision-making skills. However,

unknown to him/her, the people observe

these qualities of empathy, creativity,

and people skills that he/she exhibits.

Whenever this person is encouraged to

try out things where these skills are needed, this person does not go with it

believing that the chance of being successful is slim.

These two opposing examples illustrate how persistent beliefs affect the behavior

of a person. The power to change rests on both the perception and the feelings

attached to these perceptions. Once the feeling and perception change, the

behavior of a person also evolves. However, this is easier said than done, because

emotions are very powerful. Even if a person knows that what he/she is doing is the

proper thing to do, feelings can get in the way of rational thinking.

One study was conducted in 2014 by Jung, Wranke, Hamburger, and Knauff. In this

study, a series of experiments were done to find out how emotions can affect the

performance in cognitive tasks. Several groups were included. These groups of

participants were induced to show negative and positive moods. They were labeled

as the negative mood group and the positive mood group. A third group was

formed. The members of this group were not given any method to induce mood,


and hence they are called as the neutral mood group. One of its results showed

that people with positive moods performed better than those with negative moods.

However, the neutral group outperformed both groups which mean that they were

able to perform well on the task when their moods were not negative or positive.

Please take note that moods are not permanent. They are states that are

temporary. In these experiments, verbal feedback was given to the participants to

alter their current mood and make them positive or negative. This means that once

the experiments were completed, their moods returned to normal and there was

no drastic effect on them.

Breaking the Cycle

Change is possible. Behavior can be modified. There are ways of altering the

thoughts, feelings, and behavior of a person.

1. Rewards and Associations. These two factors are combined to jumpstart the

process.

Rewards These are the incentives that a person receives when doing a positive or

the desired behavior. Negative behaviors are ignored, so the positive behavior

takes the lead.

Associations. Regarding of associations, a person is encouraged to relate behavior

to an outcome.


For instance, a girl is encouraged to think that engaging in a drama club can lessen

her shyness. This can be accomplished by letting her watch plays and interact with

other people who act or who just simply enjoy watching plays. The experience of

seeing how joining a drama club affects the confidence of a person and the ability

to mingle with others will be emphasized to form associations. The girl should be

encouraged to see how acting or getting involved in it can make a person meet new

and interesting people so gradually the thoughts and feelings about shyness

change. Along the way, she can be rewarded with things like allowing her to buy a

new novel or letting her go out with friends on a weekday. In the end, the person

will associate or relate less shyness with participation in a drama club. This

association is made stronger by external (buying a book) and internal (development

of confidence and lessening of shyness) rewards.

2. Changing irrational beliefs.

Irrational beliefs are thoughts that are not based on reality.

This can be done by challenging the beliefs of a person and finding out if they have

bases in reality. This is done slowly and requires great skills from a counselor or

therapist because these beliefs can be deeply ingrained in a person. It can take a

long time for these beliefs to be discarded.

Making the person change his belief alters his perception and his feelings. When

there is a shift, the behavior soon follows.

EXAMPLE

A man thinks that he is not going to marry because of his not-so-attractive

physical qualities. However, he is an extremely competent doctor who exudes an

air of dependability which many find to be attractive.


3. Reflection and automatic judgments.

Automatic judgment happens when a previous experience crosses the mind, and

the person automatically judges the experience. For instance, when a person thinks

about the former boyfriend or girlfriend, he or she may concentrate on thinking

about the negative qualities of the person and immediately pass judgment.

Reflection entails thinking what your thoughts and emotions are to avoid making

automatic judgments. A person who has mastered reflection will pause and

evaluate his thoughts and feelings and avoid making hasty conclusions and

judgments.

Self-Evaluation

It is the act of recognizing and evaluating the

thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of the person

and creating helpful and beneficial steps to

understand the self and other people. It makes a

person gain knowledge of how his/her thoughts

and emotions are affecting his/her behavior. Doing

this act is already a big step in improving the self.

This act may be subjective since the individual may

have limited knowledge of his/her traits. The best

way to lessen the subjectivity is to seek the help of

the guidance counselor who is well versed in

helping students regarding adjustments and other

issues that are related to the wellbeing of a person.

TIP!

To help you take care of

the mind and body,

remember S E M R W M

R R

S–leep.

E–xercise.

M–editate.

R–ead.

W–rite.

M–e time.

R–est.

R–emember to be

happy.


How Does a Person Take Care of the Mind and Body?

There are simple ways of how an individual can maintain the health of both the

mind and the body. Try these simple tips so and see the difference.

Taking Care of the Mind and Body

Sleep. Having a good sleep gives both the mind the body enough time to

rest. Not getting enough hours of sleep can affect the mood of the person,

the attention, and can even cause body aches.

Exercise. A quick exercise can energize the body and helps it in maintaining

its health.

Meditate. It helps in making the mind relaxed and calm.

Read a magazine or a book. Reading makes the person imagine the

scenarios from the book and feeds the mind which is good for the cognitive

development.

Write a journal. Maintaining a journal helps a person in keeping track of

his/her thoughts, emotions, and behavior. This helps in self-evaluation.

Me Time is a must. Indulge yourself from time to time. Visit a museum or

visit a place or friends.

Rest during weekends. Recharge yourself by relaxing on the weekend.

Remind yourself to smile and be happy. You can also tell yourself that you

are unique and special. This creates positive feelings and thoughts.


The interaction of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior is implicated in the health of

both the mind and the body. Maintaining their health is essential. Moreover, these

three can be monitored through self-evaluation. A technique that can help in

shifting our behavior is through the Cognitive Behavior Therapy where the person

can be rewarded, can be helped in changing his/her irrational beliefs, reflect, and

help the person associate positive thoughts to favorable situations.

Self-help techniques also help like getting enough sleep, doing exercise, reading,

writing a journal, taking some time off and always reminding the self to be happy.

Check Your Understanding

A. Read each statement carefully. Supply the correct words to complete the

statement.

1. The recognition and comprehension of the nature of things dually is called

_____________.

2. The purpose of _____________ is to correct misconceptions, false beliefs, and

faulty reasoning so a person can sustain a healthy level of adjustment and

connection with other people.

3. __________ are the incentives that a person receives when doing a positive or

the desired behavior.

4. Thoughts that are not based on reality are known as ______________.

5. When a person is thinking about his emotions and behavior, he/she is doing

a _____________.


B. Answer the following questions in a brief but concise manner.

1. How can you monitor your thoughts and reactions to the things around you?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Evaluate yourself. At this point, what belief do you have that needs to be

restructured? Explain your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. You have a close friend who needs to learn how to dance so she can perform in a

class project. Unfortunately, she does not know how. Being her friend and

classmate, how can you convince her to dance without embarrassing her?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Part C. Read each situation carefully and answer the questions for each item.

1. How do emotions and thoughts influence the behavior? Give a specific example.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between duality and body/mind connection?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


3. How can you relate the mind/body connection to mental health?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Explore Your World!

Task 1: Reaction Paper

Materials: YouTube video

Instructions:

Visit this link and watch the video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3G6SAPEMuk

What were the things you have learned from the video? What are your insights

about what you have learned? Summarize the video in 10 sentences.


Clarity of ideas 3

Accuracy 3

Impact and Creativity 2

Use of grammatically correct sentences 2

Total 10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3G6SAPEMuk


Task 2: Short Story Writing


Instructions:

Pick a partner. The two of you will create a story book that shows how these three

factors affected the character/s and the outcome of the story. The output should

show illustrations. Present your output to the class.

Task 3: Mini-documentary

Materials: camera, video presentation

Instructions:

Make a short documentary about the integration of the thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors. Find significant facts about diseases that are affected by an unhealthy

body or statistics related to the topic. You can also interview mental health

professionals. The video should be for 3 minutes only.


Clarity of ideas 3


Relevance of details 3


confidence

2

Total 10



Observation of the time duration (3 minutes) 5

Clarity of ideas 5


confidence

5

Creativity and impact of the presentation 5

Total 20

The Journal of Consumer Research supports that a person’s social networks

have a great influence on the individual’s behavior. Negative opinions are

crucial in changing attitudes. These changes can be from bad to good, good

to bad or from bad to worse.


Real-world Challenge

Task: FB Page

Materials: computer

Instructions:

Form a group with a maximum of five members.

Choose the people who will create the post and the artists who will make

memes.

Create an FB page about the importance of mind/body connection and its

relationship to mental health. Please remember to post memes that

inspire positive thoughts only. You can share videos on YouTube or share

pictures that promote wellness.

Let your friends like your page and gather as many likes as you can.

Remember that in doing this, you are also promoting wellness.

Share your output to the class.

Also, be mindful of sharing the works of others. Please seek their permission

before posting on your FB Page.

Also, please observe originality when publishing posts/memes.

Criteria for Scoring (Whole Program) Score

Positive impact 5

Originality and relevance of the posts/memes 5

Relevance of the posts/memes 5

Total 15


My Reflection

Post your picture in the box below and describe how this person takes care of

his/her mind and body. Write at least five ways. You can also describe at least three

beliefs that make him/her happy and sad. How do these beliefs affect your

behavior? Explain how.


Clarity of ideas 3

Presence of relevant, accurate, and logical

details

3

Impact and uniqueness of the presentation 2

Use of grammatically correct sentences 2

Total 10


Wrap Up

In this unit, the following points were discussed:

Holistic development is about the development of a person in five different

areas: (a) physical development; (b) cognitive development; (c) social and

emotional development; (d) spiritual development; and (e) psychological

development

The principle of dualism was discussed to refer to the understanding of the

mind and body connection. In this principle, the mind and the body are seen

as two distinct entities that are independent of each other.

The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) describes how the influence of

emotions and thoughts can affect the behavior of a person.

Changing the behavior is done through: the use of rewards; forming

associations; changing irrational beliefs; developing reflection and discarding

automatic judgment.

Situation

Thoughts

Feelings

Behavior


Self-evaluation is the act of becoming aware of one’s thoughts, emotions,

and behaviors to create useful steps that will be beneficial for the self and

others.

Several steps were offered to take care of the mind and the body:

Taking Care of the Mind and Body

1. Have enough sleep.

2. Perform exercises.

3. Meditate

4. Read a book or magazine.

5. Write a journal.

6. Do some Me Time.

7. Rest during weekends.

8. Remind the self to smile and be happy.


Answers to Check Your Understanding Lesson 1: Holistic Development of the Self

Part A.

1. cognition

2. holism

3. attitude

4. cognitive process

5. emotions

Part B.

1. If Megan is your classmate, would you like her to be your friend?

A student can answer by yes or no as long as he/she is giving justifications as to

why Megan can be a friend or not. The justifications must include concepts or

information learned from Lesson 1.

Example:

Yes, I would like her to be my friend. She is a very interesting person because

she is unpredictable and unique. I think she is a very open-minded person and

can understand different perspectives like religion. She is versatile in a way that

her social skills are well-developed because she is comfortable with having

plenty of people around her while enjoying being on her own. I believe that she

is a very confident person without trying too hard. I think it is safe to say that

she has a healthy self-concept.

2. Think of a situation that shows an example of a value and a virtue. How can

you demonstrate the presence of these two in your example?

The student can think of any situation as long as it shows how values differ

from a virtue.


For instance, my older brother is the unofficial boss in the family. When my

parents are out of the house, he would be assigned to look after us. My brother

values our safety so he always makes sure that we are protected by locking the

gate while we play in the backyard.

In this answer, value is safety while virtue is protectiveness.

3. From among these, which one do you value most? Why?

Love Justice Honor Honesty

The student can choose any and will explain why this value is important to

him/her. There is no right or wrong answers. The idea is to let the student

defend this value.

Sample:

I would choose love. It is a universal concept, and people have different ways of

showing this. When you love fairness, you will give justice to those who are

seeking it and be fair while doing it. If you love your honor, you will preserve

your integrity and principles. If you love honesty, you will practice being truthful

in everything you do.

Part C.

Read each situation carefully and answer the questions for each item.

1. How would you predict the attitude that will be formed when a child is always

taught to help people in need, give donations to charities, and give away toys to

children who do not have anything to play with?

It is possible to say that this child will grow into an adult who feels empathy for

other people. Since he/she was not just taught to sympathize with others but


also to do something to help, he/she will develop this and form an attitude of

helping the needy. The formation of an attitude takes time and effort, so this

child who has been taught to do these things even at an early age may still have

this attitude when he/she becomes an adult.

2. Is psychological development the combination of the four other areas of

development? Explain your answer.

Yes. The psychological development is a combination of the functions of the

other areas. Human behavior is not just limited to the cognitive, behavioral, and

emotional skills or qualities of a person. The physical changes in the body affect

the moods and the intellectual functioning of a person. The social skills and

spiritual development of a person also say something about the overall

psychological qualities of a person. The different physical skill sets,

temperament, intellectual abilities, and connections to other people and

connection to the self, including the perception of the Higher Being are factors

that define and distinguish a person from another.

3. How can you generalize the spiritual qualities of a Filipino adolescent?

Filipino adolescents see spirituality as an element meant to guide the behavior

of a person. This is ingrained since early childhood and continues until well into

adulthood. For them, being spiritual or religious makes a person a virtuous

individual with a good relationship with God. This relationship with God makes

them trustful in His ways. They show their faith by attending regularly worship

or church services, and when they have their own family, they pass these rituals,

habits, and traditions to their children.


Answers to Check Your Understanding

Lesson 2: Integration of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior

Part A.

1. duality

2. cognitive behavioral therapy

3. rewards

4. irrational beliefs

5. reflection

Part B.

1. How can you monitor your thoughts and reactions to the things around you?

The student can give several answers to writing a journal, asking her close friends,

reading self-help books, reflecting on important events and how he/she reacted or

seeking the help of a counselor. The key is to give specific answers that show the

student’s concern about his thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

2. Evaluate yourself. At this point what belief do you have that needs to be

restructured? Explain your answer.

The student can choose any belief. He/She must be able to describe this belief and

how it is affecting his/her behavior.

Sample answer:

I have always believed that I am not an athletic person because of my past

experiences in playing games. I always trip or lose my balance while playing, so I

started avoided playing sports. I know I have to restructure this because I believe

that I can play other sports that do not require running like table tennis.


3. You have a close friend that needs to learn how to dance so she can perform in a

class project. Unfortunately, she does not know how. Being her friend and

classmate, how can you convince her to dance without embarrassing her?

I will try to convince her to try since it is not just a part of the requirement but also

because she might enjoy it. I will try to let her watch dance moves where people are

enjoying what they are doing. I will praise her whenever she tries and will even

stand close to her while we practice, so she feels that I will guide and never

abandon her during the dance. Once I see that she is beginning to enjoy it, I will try

to let her dance alone little by little until she can do it on her own.

Part C.

1. How do emotions and thoughts influence the behavior? Give a specific example.

Thoughts and emotions are capable of influencing the behavior or actions of a

person. For example, a teenager who believes that she must be pretty to become

an actress will feel insecure about her looks even though she is very talented. She

must change her belief and do away with insecurity so she can start auditioning or

attending acting workshops.

2. What is the difference between duality and body /mind connection?

Duality insists that the brain and the mind are two distinct concepts which have

independent functions. This belief was created by Descartes. However, these days,

it is widely accepted that these two are connected with each other in a way that

whatever happens to one will affect the other.

3. How can you relate the mind/body connection to mental health?

The mind/body connection is directly related to mental health. Our mental health is

affected by both the thoughts and emotions that we have. These two affect the

behavior of a person. If the person has healthy mental health, then this will trickle

down to his/her physical health. A person who does not have a healthy mind will


not be able to take of himself fully. Simple tasks like taking a bath or brushing the

teeth will need assistance.

Bibliography

American Psychological Association. Glossary of Psychological Terms

http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx

Anatomy and Physiology. Human Body Organ Systems.

http://anatomyandphysiologyi.com/human-body-organ-systems-an-orientation/

Carandang, M.L., Ventura, E., Parr, R.A. and Carandang, C.F. Personal

Development.Mandaluyong:Anvil, 2016

Classroom Mental Health. Helping Students Connect the Dots:Thoughts, Feelings, and

Behaviors.

https://www.classroommentalhealth.org/mental-health-in-the-classroom/thoughts-

feelings-behaviors/

Delena, M., Neri, S., Palean, E., Nuncio, R., Carpena, J., Boyles, R., and Nuncio, E.

Personal Development Beyond Selfies. Mandaluyong: Anvil, 2017

Encyclopedia Britanninca. Psycholigical Development.

https://www.britannica.com/science/psychological-development

Garcia-Cox, Maria Gina. Personal Development. Manila: JFS, 2016

Inc. 11 Ways to Take Care of Yourself Every Day for a Happier Mind and Body.

https://www.inc.com/rhett-power/11-ways-to-take-care-of-yourself-every-day-for-a-

happier-mind-and-body.html

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Rene Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction


Masters, A and Wallace, H. Personal Development for Work and Life. Pasig: Cengage,

2015

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Take Charge of

Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-

health-guide-teenagers

Philippine E-Journals. Influences and Perceived Impact of Spirituality on Filipino

Adolescents.

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=3865

Philippine Journal of Psychology. Spirituality and the Development of Positive

Character Among Filipino Adolescents.

http://116.50.242.171/PSSC/index.php/pjp01/article/view/1505

Ramos, Maria Lourdes. Personal Development: A Journey to Self-Awakening.

Quezon City: C & E, 2017

Research Gate. How emotions affect logical reasoning: Evidence from experiments with

mood-manipulated participants, spider phobics, and people with exam anxiety.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263394023_How_emotions_affect_logical

_reasoningEvidence_from_experiments_with_mood-

manipulated_participants_spider_phobics_and_people_with_exam_anxiety

Santos, Ricardo. Personal Development.

Manila: Rex, 2016

The Best Brain Possible. What’s the Difference Between Feelings and Emotions.

https://www.thebestbrainpossible.com/whats-the-difference-between-feelings-and-

emotions/

Thoughts from a Therapist. The thoughts, emotions, and behaviors triangle.

http://www.thoughtsfromatherapist.com/2012/07/12/thoughts-emotions-


behaviors-triangle/

University of Minnesota.What is the Mind-Body Connection?

https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/what-is-the-mind-body-connection

Your Dictionary. Examples of Physical Characteristics.

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-physical-characteristics.html

Glossary

Cognition. It is the processes of knowing which includes remembering, attending,

and reasoning. It also involves the contents of these processes like memories and

concepts.

Cognitive processes. These include the higher mental processes like memory,

language, perception, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.

Duality. It is the recognition and comprehension of the nature of things dually.

Emotions. These are the responses that create biochemical reactions in the body.

Feelings. They are described as the mental reactions and association to emotions.

Holism. It is the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum

of the parts through creative evolution.

Irrational Beliefs. These are thoughts that are not based on reality.

Reflection. It entails thinking what your thoughts and emotions are and to avoid

making automatic judgments.


Self-Evaluation. It is the act of recognizing and evaluating the thoughts, emotions,

and behaviors of the person and creating helpful and beneficial steps to

understanding the self and other people.

Spiritual development. It is characterized by the discovery and experience of the

inner guide that steers the values and beliefs of a person.

Values. They are the judgments that people make about issues, people, or things.

Virtue. It is the quality that echoes or reflects the values.

unit 2: being mindful with the self

Documents