Unit #2Unit #2::Industrialization & Rise to World PowerIndustrialization & Rise to World Power

American Involvement in American Involvement in World War IWorld War I

Causes of World War ICauses of World War INationalismNationalism:: devotion to one’s nation devotion to one’s nation– Led to competitive rivalries & created resentment to those Led to competitive rivalries & created resentment to those

who dominated otherswho dominated others

ImperialismImperialism:: domination of 1 nation over another domination of 1 nation over another– European nations created empires overseas for resources European nations created empires overseas for resources

& new markets& new markets

MilitarismMilitarism:: developing their armed military developing their armed militaryAllianceAlliance:: 2 major alliances 2 major alliances– Triple Entente Triple Entente (Allied Powers): Britain, France, Russia(Allied Powers): Britain, France, Russia– Triple AllianceTriple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria- (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-

Hungary, ItalyHungary, Italy

Outbreak of WarOutbreak of WarSerbian nationalist assassinated Austrian Serbian nationalist assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand– With Germany’s aid, Austria-Hungary declares war on With Germany’s aid, Austria-Hungary declares war on

SerbiaSerbia– Russia came in to aid Serbia & Germany declared war on Russia came in to aid Serbia & Germany declared war on

RussiaRussia– After Germany invaded Belgium, Britain & France declared After Germany invaded Belgium, Britain & France declared

war on Germanywar on Germany

**Thus the Great War had begun****Thus the Great War had begun**

U.S. Questions NeutralityU.S. Questions NeutralityPublic opinion about the war in Europe was dividedPublic opinion about the war in Europe was divided– Some Americans thought it was European war & we should stay out; Some Americans thought it was European war & we should stay out;

war of Britain & Germany’s power strugglewar of Britain & Germany’s power struggle– Others thought it was our duty to aid our ancestors abroadOthers thought it was our duty to aid our ancestors abroad– Also, U.S. had strong economic ties to the AlliesAlso, U.S. had strong economic ties to the Allies

Germany sunk Germany sunk Lusitania, Arabic, & SussexLusitania, Arabic, & Sussex– all carried Americans & U.S. warned Germany to end unrestricted all carried Americans & U.S. warned Germany to end unrestricted

submarine warfare or they would end diplomacysubmarine warfare or they would end diplomacy

Zimmermann Note was discoveredZimmermann Note was discovered– German ambassador pled to Mexico to aid them against U.S., in return German ambassador pled to Mexico to aid them against U.S., in return

they would help them gain back their “stolen” land from U.S.they would help them gain back their “stolen” land from U.S.

Russia pulls out of warRussia pulls out of war– Due to revolution happening at home, Russia ended its participationDue to revolution happening at home, Russia ended its participation

America MobilizesAmerica MobilizesSelective Service ActSelective Service Act– Required men to register for military service (24M by 1918)Required men to register for military service (24M by 1918)– Women created Army Corps of NursesWomen created Army Corps of Nurses

Mass ProductionMass Production– Invented tanks needed to transport large quantities of men & suppliesInvented tanks needed to transport large quantities of men & supplies

Convoy SystemConvoy System– Heavy guarded destroyers escorted ships across Atlantic to avoid Heavy guarded destroyers escorted ships across Atlantic to avoid

confrontation with Germany’s aggressive militaryconfrontation with Germany’s aggressive military

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)– Led by Gen. John J. Pershing were new infantry who used new Led by Gen. John J. Pershing were new infantry who used new

devises for this mechanized warfare (machine guns, tanks, airplanes)devises for this mechanized warfare (machine guns, tanks, airplanes)

Effects at HomeEffects at HomeWilson’s power extendedWilson’s power extended– Congress gave Wilson power to fix prices & regulate war Congress gave Wilson power to fix prices & regulate war

industry industry

– 1917: 1917: War Industries BoardWar Industries Board encouraged mass-production encouraged mass-production techniques & standardized products for less wastetechniques & standardized products for less waste

– Also, created Fuel Administration to conserve amount of gas Also, created Fuel Administration to conserve amount of gas used by general publicused by general public

Created daylight-savings timeCreated daylight-savings time

– Wilson created National War Labor Board to settle disputes Wilson created National War Labor Board to settle disputes between workers & managers; “Work or Fight!!”between workers & managers; “Work or Fight!!”

Increased wages, 8-hr day, safety measures, banned child laborIncreased wages, 8-hr day, safety measures, banned child labor

Other Effects at HomeOther Effects at HomePropaganda: Propaganda: Committee on Public InformationCommittee on Public Information– Biased information to influence public opinionBiased information to influence public opinion

Civil liberties limitedCivil liberties limited– Heightened anti-immigrant attacks (German)Heightened anti-immigrant attacks (German)– Germans changed their names & changed names of foodsGermans changed their names & changed names of foods– 1917: 1917: Espionage & Sedition ActsEspionage & Sedition Acts – prohibits interfering with war – prohibits interfering with war

efforts, saying anything disloyal or abusive about gov’t or war efforts efforts, saying anything disloyal or abusive about gov’t or war efforts

Social changes: Social changes: African-AmericansAfrican-Americans– W.E.B. DuBois supported war effort; would strengthen racial justiceW.E.B. DuBois supported war effort; would strengthen racial justice– William Monroe Trotter victims of racism shouldn’t support a racist William Monroe Trotter victims of racism shouldn’t support a racist

gov’tgov’t– Great MigrationGreat Migration to northern cities to escape Jim Crow laws in southto northern cities to escape Jim Crow laws in south

Ending WWIEnding WWI1918: Armistice signed by Germany to end fighting 1918: Armistice signed by Germany to end fighting – Germany was tired, weak, and could no longer fightGermany was tired, weak, and could no longer fight

Fourteen Points: Fourteen Points: Wilson’s plan for world peaceWilson’s plan for world peace– No secret treaties among nations, tariffs should be lowered & military No secret treaties among nations, tariffs should be lowered & military

should be reduced to a minimumshould be reduced to a minimum– League of NationsLeague of Nations created to discuss disputes without going to war created to discuss disputes without going to war– U.S. never joined the League of NationsU.S. never joined the League of Nations

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles: : established 9 new nations in Europeestablished 9 new nations in Europe– Placed total responsibility of war on GermanyPlaced total responsibility of war on Germany

Germany had to reduce military, give up colonies, pay reparationsGermany had to reduce military, give up colonies, pay reparations