unit 2: the evolution of traditional to new media

Unit 2: The Evolution of Traditional to New Media

Table of Contents

Introduction 2

Learning Targets 3

Lesson 1: Traditional and New Media 4 Jump Start 4 Learn about It! 5 Check Your Understanding 9 Explore and Create! 10

Lesson 2: The Role of Media in the Society 11 Jump Start 11 Learn about It! 12 Check Your Understanding 15 Explore and Create! 16

Lesson 3: The Internet of Things 17 Jump Start 17 Learn about It! 17 Check Your Understanding 21 Explore and Create! 21

Let’s Create! 23

Self-Check 25

Wrap Up 26

Bibliography 26

Glossary 27

GRADE 11/12 | Media and Information Literacy

UNIT 2

The Evolution of Traditional to New Media Imagine a world wherein communication and the transfer of information is not possible. It’s quite a struggle isn’t it? For several centuries, humanity has strived to develop means of transferring messages, information, and knowledge in order to express ideas from one person to another. The ability to have this higher order of thinking and the need to express one’s feelings or opinions are the characteristics which separate us humans from the other species on this planet. Technology continues to evolve and develop; industrialization significantly improved the methods of communication as the needs to convey information became more significant and necessary. The means of recording and sending knowledge from the primitive and simple way of writing it down has transformed to cope with the modern needs of the society as everything becomes digital. The concept of digitizing content has allowed multiple recipients to gain access to information through a variety of devices. This, in turn, provide real-time and on-demand access to information, as needed by an individual to simply be informed or aid him in completing a particular task. Being media- and information-literate can also be considered a primary competency in today’s society.

Fig. 1. The Tin Can Telephone - this is commonly considered a toy but is a great example on how communication

is accomplished between a sender and a receiver. https://www.pexels.com/photo/marketing-man-person-communication-362/

2 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

Learning Targets

In this unit, you should be able to:

● Identify traditional and new media and their relationships; ● Editorialize the roles and functions of media in a democratic society; and ● Search the latest theories on information and media.


Lesson 1: Traditional and New Media

The ability to convey information is a primary skill needed in order to accomplish a certain task. In this lesson, you should be able to identify the stages through which media has transformed from the traditional to digital based on the convergence of technology.

Jump Start

Pass the message! This activity will demonstrate how a medium of communication shows effectiveness and accuracy. The mechanics are as follows:

1. Form two groups with ten members. 2. The first group shall act out (as in Charades) the title of a movie, while the second shall

illustrate the title of the movie by drawing it on a piece of paper. 3. The title must be transferred from the first member to the next and so on until it

reaches the final member of the group. 4. All group members must face the opposing side and must not see the charade or the

drawing of the person which is not directly in front of him. 5. The final member is responsible for determining the correct title of the movie.

Discuss the following questions based on the activity above:

1. Which of the two methods used by each group is the better means of transferring the message?

2. What techniques can further be applied so that the accuracy can be improved? 3. What could be the best way to correctly convey the title of the movie to the last

member of the group?


Learn about It!

The need to transfer information and knowledge from one person to another can be considered as a basic one. It is important to understand how past civilizations were able to accomplish this by utilizing whatever resources they had at that time. This lesson will discuss the different forms of media used, and how traditional media evolved into what we call new media. Pre-industrial Age (Pre- 1700’s) This era is described to occur before the 1700’s or the boom of the industrial age. This period is also known as the prehistoric age, as most of the media used to record information dates back to ancient civilizations. The earliest examples of media discovered in this period are shown in prehistoric cave paintings, which have been around since 35,000 BC. Other examples of media from the pre-industrial age are the papyrus paper used in ancient Egypt in 2,500 BC, the clay tablets found in Mesopotamia in 2,400 BC, the Acta Diurna (an early gazette) in Rome in 130 BC, the Dibao (an ancient gazette) in China in the second century, the codex in the Mayan region in the fifth century, and the wooden printing blocks found in 220 AD. All of these were seen as evidence that the earliest civilizations had already honed the skills to convey information, through writing and drawing on whichever material was available during that time using their primitive languages.

Industrial Age (1700’s to 1930’s) This period is described as the product of harnessing the power of machines. The industrial age (1700’s to 1930’s) not only paved the way for the mass production of goods and products, but also became responsible for the widespread dissemination of information. The most notable invention of this era is undoubtedly the printing press in the nineteenth century, as it


allowed the mass production of books, newspapers, and other printed materials. The typewriter in the 1800’s allowed a more uniform method of recording text without the confusion of understanding the handwriting of every person. The industrial age also paved the way for the introduction of motion pictures as it continued to evolve from 1890’s to 1926. The invention of the telegraph and the telephone allowed real-time communication across a great distance; this in turn allowed people to convey messages and information in a faster and more efficient manner.

Fig. 2. An image of a printing press which revolutionized the mass production of printed materials.

Electronic Age (1930’s to 1980’s) The invention of the transistor started the era of electronic computing. This device allowed the development of electronic components which are far more efficient than their analog


counterparts. The earliest electronic devices that used the this invention were the transistor radio, the television in 1941, the first generations of large electronic computers and mainframes, and the earliest forms of personal computers. The electronic age allowed mass media to take form; thanks to this, wherein a vast number of recipients would be able to receive data transmitted from a single source in real time.

Fig. 3. An image of a transistor which amplifies electrical signals.

Information Age (1900’s to 2000’s) This modern age is characterized by the massive influence of the Internet. The Internet allowed communication and information to be accessible real-time and on-demand anywhere across the globe. Electronic computing devices such as personal computers, smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices all harness the power and capabilities of the Internet. The most notable trend in this era is the use of social media websites and applications in order to reach


out to people. A majority of media resources are already being converted to digital as they are easier to consume and transferred compared to traditional media. Current trends such as cloud computing and big data are also buzzwords in the information age.

The need for continuous improvement in the means and methods of communication was already apparent the earliest civilizations. Being able to transfer information and knowledge in a manner that is more efficient and effective is still the goal, evident in the evolution of traditional to new media. From the earliest forms of one-on-one communication, inventions like the printing press and the transistor were able to revolutionize how people send and receive information on a massive scale. The information age and the emergence of digital media, on the other hand, allowed for real-time communication and on-demand access to information through modern electronic devices and

social media platforms. New media is here to stay, and we can expect it to become even more pervasive and influential in our everyday lives.


Check Your Understanding

A. Determine the period or age when the forms of media/device/platform existed by marking the corresponding cell with an ‘X’ mark. Do remember that an item might be applicable to more than one period.

Medium/Device/

Platform Pre-industrial

Age Industrial Age Electronic Age

Information Age

Printing Press Typewriter

Twitter Telephone

Stone/Clay Tablets B. Application.

1. What is the importance of choosing the correct medium of communication in conveying a message or information?

2. How do you use the new media platforms in your everyday life?


C. Synthesis and Analysis. 1. Compare the four periods of the evolution of traditional to new media. What are

the catalyst for change from each period towards the next? 2. Do you think there will be another period after the information age? If yes, how do

you think it will differ?

Explore and Create!

1. Review the contents of the lesson and create a summarized report in a form of a timeline indicating the core concepts of each era. Aside from this, gather relevant images and illustrations that will highlight the inventions, devices, or platforms which are not included in the discussion that make each of the period unique with its predecessor.

2. Compare a news article from a well-established broadsheet and a news article from an online blog. What are the immediate similarities or differences can you observe? Do you think that online blogs can be trusted to the same degree as a well-established broadsheet? Defend your answer.


Lesson 2: The Role of Media in the Society

The goal of every society should to be recognized as democratic and benevolent towards all its members and citizens. This has been proven by various movements, as recorded in ancient and modern history. The fast-paced and real-time transfer of knowledge through digital media is truly shaping how society functions as a collective unit of highly connected individuals. Thus, it is important to determine the role of media and mass digital communication in society, and to know how media influences the ideologies, beliefs, and principles of people.

Jump Start

Who are your sources? Ask the students to form a group of five people and rank their sources of information by marking them, with 1 as being the primary source and so on. Let each group tally the results to determine which type of media they consider their primary source of information. The sources are:

1. Television 2. Radio 3. Books 4. New Paper 5. News Programs 6. Social Media Websites 7. Wikis 8. Blogs

After the tally has been completed, ask a representative from the group to share the following in front of the class: [1] why the media source was ranked the highest, and [2] what its greatest influences are on them as a student and as a member of the society.


Learn about It!

The influence and roles of media in society were revolutionized in the industrial age. The invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of reading materials, which in turn provided people a quick and efficient method of acquiring and sharing knowledge through books and other publications. To this day, these printed materials serve as the most basic form of spreading ideologies and influencing people. The influences of mass media on society grew more effective with the arrival of the electronic and digital age. The pervasiveness of new media or digital media highly influences how people go about their lives in our modern society. Digital media is used in a variety of ways depending on the needs of an individual or a group. Mass communication companies such as news and entertainment organizations use the capability of mass media in order to reach out to their consumers. People that live across different geographical areas can use digital media in order to communicate and transfer information on demand and in in real time. With all of the technological advancements in how people communicate and share information, it is highly evident that media plays a major role in influencing how members of the society think and act.

Perhaps one of the most pervasive form of new media that is highly influential to the lives of people is social media. A vast majority of Filipinos consider themselves to be social media savvy, as they have the ability to access and maintain their social media accounts. A large


number of business organizations, government offices, and influential people in politics and entertainment use social media as a platform to reach out to their customers, constituents, and followers. On a very simple level, using this platform highly influences how followers think and react to issues and topics which may or may not be relevant to how they function in the society. Although using social media is quite effective in reaching out to a multitude of people, this platform can also be used to spread false information on certain topics and

issues. Many people may actually be influenced, even without investigating the truthfulness of the shared information.

Fig. 4. Various social media apps and websites.

The introduction of e-governance is one the major contributions of new media, with the aid of ICT in the form of applications, infrastructures, and communication. With e-government, the services of the state are significantly enhanced as the members of the community gain access to information and services that the government offices provide. Common examples of


e-government services include the availability of pertinent documents related to government projects, real-time communication with public officials regarding civic concerns, and participating in surveys and crowd-sourcing which aids in decision making.

Lastly, digital media can be used to promote empowerment of those in marginalized sectors. The promotion of gender equality, the emphasis on the rights of differently abled people, and the recognition of different ethnic and indigenous groups are the most common themes for these movements. Harnessing the highly influential capabilities of new media allows such civic and social movements to reach a great number of people in an informative and efficient manner.

Digital media is evidently around us; as modern technology continues to improve, our reliance on digital media is here to stay. However, each member of the society must be responsible enough to use the capabilities of new media towards nation-building and civic engagement. The benefits of digital media must be harnessed with responsible and sensible use which aims towards the betterment of life for all. Any activities that is directed to inflict harm towards others must be reported to proper authorities, as this is part of being a responsible member


of a digital community.


A. Determine whether the following media platforms belong to traditional media, social media, or e-governance by marking the corresponding cell with an ‘X’ mark.

Media

Platform Traditional

Media Social Media E-Governance

Books Facebook

Twitter Passport Appointment System

E-Democracy

B. Application. 1. Which celebrity, politician, or social group do you “follow” the most and in which

aspect of your life is highly influenced by this? 2. Are you a member of a an online community like a Facebook group? If yes, what

are your reasons for joining and how does it affect you as a person? C. Synthesis and Analysis.


1. What e-government project do you think is needed in the Philippines in order to provide better and higher quality public service to the community?

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new media in the modern society and provide real-life examples of each.

Explore and Create!

Using the Internet, search for a person, group, organization, or movement that aims to promote the empowerment of marginalized sectors or ideologies.

1. How do they use digital media in order to influence the members of society? 2. Are there similarities in the way they use digital media in order to gain followers, and is

there evidence that they really influence how society acts or reacts? 3. What are your personal guidelines or principles when it comes to following a person or

group on social media? How are these guidelines helping you to have better judgement?


Lesson 3: The Internet of Things

We are now living in the digital age where the Internet allows us to do things that were just ideas years ago. With the advent of technology and access to devices which can harness the power of the Internet, people can now live in a more efficient and convenient way. In this generation, everything is simply interconnected.

Jump Start

How connected is your home? Interview at least five classmates. Through this the interview, you should gather answers to the following questions:

1. Do you have an Internet-capable home? 2. What devices and how many are usually connected to the Internet at any given time? 3. Aside from typical Internet browsing, does your family members use the Internet for

any other purpose? 4. What is the most unique device connected to your Internet-capable home?

Present your findings in front of the class and compare if there are similarities on how each home utilizes the Internet.

Learn about It!

The idea of having everything interconnected into a network is a concept that is rapidly gaining popularity in this age of advanced technology. Everyday objects, outside of the scope of computers and networking devices, have been seen as only tools that needed human interventions in order for them to function. However, with the introduction of what we call “the Internet of Things”, these objects are no longer just tools to complete tasks, but are part of a larger network where they can send and receive data.


The Internet of Things gained popularity in the early 1990’s with the simple concept of having everyday objects be connected to a computing device in order to analyze pieces of data and produce useful information. The coining of the term “Internet of Things”, often abbreviated as IoT, is attributed to Kevin Ashton, the co-founder of MIT's Auto-ID Center in 1999. Although limited by the technology of that time, mainly because processors and computing components were not cheap, IoT saw very slow progress. However, the manufacturing costs of the needed components has come down significantly in the recent years, which paved way to IoT gaining popularity again. There are several applications and devices that are already harnessing the capabilities of IoT. A light bulb can now be connected to via a wireless network in order to be switched on or off, change colors, or adjust its brightness. Thermostats can also be connected to smartphones using a Wireless Network Connection so that temperatures can be adjusted using an application. Several “smart” assistance devices are installed in homes, and may serve as the central commanding device which processes any instructions from the user, allowing all connected devices to function specifically. The possibilities and opportunities of the Internet of Things are still being realized by developing countries. However, some developed countries are already moving towards having a “smart home” where almost all aspects of living can be interconnected, and all home devices can connect and communicate with each other.


Fig. 5. Google home or Amazon Alexa.

The opportunities brought by the Internet of Things are not experienced only on a personal or household level. Several business entities have started to leverage the advantages of IoT in order to achieve better efficiency in their business processes while minimizing the expenses and maximizing profit. Business organizations no longer just rely on tangible assets in order to be competitive; most gather all the data and information they can get from customers, competitors, and the market itself using IoT connected devices so that data collection will be faster and in real time.


However, IoT is not spared from pitfalls. The most common concern when it comes to allowing devices to send data and information via the Internet are potential threats. Major concerns include invasion of customer privacy, and the possibility of a cyber attack wherein the point of entry is the device with the weakest security capabilities. It is highly recommended that users who wishes to have an IoT-capable home or business be able to determine and realize the possibility that cyber criminals may take advantage of what the IoT devices can do.

The concept of the Internet of Things is still flourishing and continuously being developed. Advancements in technology and cheaper production of computing components allow manufacturers to create and discover innovative products which can cater to anyone’s needs. However, no matter how efficient and promising IoT is, it is still the responsibility of any user to know how to use these devices properly and be vigilant enough to secure their personal data and information.



A. Determine the category to which the following IoT devices belong by marking the corresponding cell with an ‘X’ mark.

IoT Device Home

Automation Fitness and Healthcare

Business Automation

Smart Light Bulbs GPS Tracking

Body Activity Tracker Point of Sale Devices

Smart Locks

B. Application. 1. What are the benefits of having a smart home? 2. What are the challenges and major concerns when it comes to having IoT-ready

devices? C. Synthesis and Analysis.

1. A homeowner installed a smart lock into his home. Considering that it can be accessed wirelessly, what steps should he take in order to ensure that only authorized persons will be able to control the smart lock?

2. What should business organizations and companies consider in the implementation of IoT devices? Should factors such as cost of implementation and the corresponding benefits be weighed in a significantly strict manner?

Explore and Create!

Form a group of five students each. The goal of this activity is to design an Internet of Things device (this can be any common appliance found in a typical house or office) that will feature capabilities that may or may not exist as of this time. You will have full liberty as to what you want to include in their proposed device, but be guided by these questions.

1. What type of device are you going to propose and which major area or category does it


belong to? 2. How do you plan to promote your device so that people would actually want to use it? 3. What are the major features and capabilities of your device against the other existing

IoT devices in the market? 4. What could be its disadvantages or pitfalls that the consumer needs to know? How

would you address these concerns in the future iteration of your device?


Let’s Create!

HOW USEFUL AND INFLUENTIAL IS MEDIA ACROSS AGE GROUPS?


LEARNING TASK RUBRIC

Criteria Beginning (0-5 points)

Developing (6-14 points)

Accomplished (15-20 points)

Score

Content (The survey questions are done in a non-partisan and non-biased approach)

Organization (The conduct of the survey promotes objectivity and respondents are allowed freedom to express their answers in full context)

The answers to each question were documented properly and legibly.

The answers were organized based on the age group, similarities, and importance.

The final output or report was presented in a manner that is clear and understandable without the need of exhaustive explanation.

Total Score:


Self-Check

Skills

I think I need more time and assistance.

I have a minimal understanding of it.

I am confident that I can do this with ease.

I understand what media is and how it continues to evolve based on the available technology.

I am able to comprehend the major roles and influences of traditional and new media to the society.

I am able to grasp the concept behind the Internet of Things and I am able to distinguish its different advantages and disadvantages.


Wrap Up

● The evolution of traditional to new or digital media started in the pre-industrial age and continues to develop into the information age, as technological innovations are being introduced at a faster pace.

● Both traditional and new media play important roles not only in providing relevant information to society but also in influencing the masses to promote certain ideologies and advocacies.

● New, or digital, media can be used for e-governance so that the services of the public sector can be improved.

● The Internet of Things is a concept wherein everyday objects could connect to a network in order to send and receive data which can either be used to issue commands or process relevant information.

● The Internet of Things is useful both personally or industrially depending on the needs or goals of the user.

Bibliography

Books Campos, Patrick. From Cave to Cloud: Media and Information Literacy for Today. Phoenix Publishing House, 2016. Leaning, Marcus. Media and Information Literacy. Vol. First Edition. Chandos Publishing, 2017. Zarate, Maria Jovita E. Media and Information Literacy. Rex Publishing, 2016. Recommended Links for This Unit: Añonuevo, Joshua. Evolution Of Traditional to New Media. https://youtu.be/GA9Ld6HgqKM, 2017. Khan Academy. Mass Media | Society and Culture. https://youtu.be/5RRyX9mI5Lw, 2015. IBM Think Academy. How It Works: Internet of Things. https://youtu.be/QSIPNhOiMoE, 2015.


Glossary

Cyber Security - a set of techniques, protocols, and mechanism to protect a network against hacking or malicious attacks that uses the Internet as an entry point. E-Governance - the utilization of the available technology in order for the government to deliver its services to the community in a faster and efficient manner. Internet of Things - a system of interconnected everyday objects linked into a network in order to send and receive data which can further be processed to produce useful information. Mass Media - any means of communication which is intended to reach a large number of audiences at any given time. New Media - often referred to as digital media, this uses the current technologies available today in order to share information using the Internet. Printing Press - an invention that was popularized in the industrial age which allowed mass production of printed materials such as books. Smart Home - a concept wherein home appliances are connected and can be controlled over a single network, usually with the use of the Internet or a local area network. Social Media - a form of communication site where people can share any information with other users anytime and anywhere in the world as members of an online community. Wireless Network Connection - a technology that allows devices to connect wirelessly so that communication will be possible among all connect devices.


unit 2: the evolution of traditional to new media

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