Unit 3

Exploration and ColonizationMr. Lamm

Europe Discovers the New WorldChapter 5

Notes

• The first European to set foot on the North American Continent was Leif Ericson.

Notes

• Columbus made his voyage west to look for a new trade route to the Indies.

Notes

• Portugal did not want to colonize southeastern North America.

Notes

• England based its claim to the New World on the exploration of John Cabot.

Notes

• Spain was the first country to settle North America.

• Spain came to the New World to convert the Indians to Christianity and to expand its empire.

• The oldest known European settlement in Georgia was San Miguel de Guadalupe, established by Ayllon.

Notes

• Georgia’s first European settlements were Spanish missions.

• The first European to set foot in present-day Georgia was Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon.

• Ayllon’s colony failed after Ayllon died and a revolt broke out.

Notes

• For the most part, Hernando de Soto was very cruel to the Indians.

Notes

• France based its claim to the New World on the explorations of Giovanni de Verrazano.

Notes

• The first French settlement in North America was Charles Fort.

Notes

• Saint Augustine became an important military base.

Notes

• The Spanish first settled the southern Atlantic coast because of the easy access back to Europe using the Gulf Stream.

• The Spanish began to colonize southeastern North America by building missions.

Notes

• Guale and Mocama were Spanish missionary provinces located in Georgia. Escamacu was located in South Carolina.

Notes

• Don Juanillo led an Indian Revolt against Spanish missionaries in Guale.

Notes

• The first permanent English settlement in America was Jamestown.

Notes

• The first person to propose the settlement of the Georgia colony was Robert Montgomery.

• The name he chose however was Azilla.

Notes

• The first reason for establishing the Georgia colony was to serve as a buffer between the South Carolina colony and the French, Spanish, and Indians.

Christopher Columbus

• Italian

• Convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (Spain’s King and Queen) to finance his great exploration.

Ponce de Leon

• Spanish

• The first Spanish explorer to set foot on what is now known as the United States (Florida – La Florida).

Sir Francis Drake

• English

• In 1586, he attacked and burned St. Augustine, the main city in Florida.

King John

• Portuguese

• He turned down Columbus’ westward voyage.

• He preferred to find an eastern route.

Jean Ribault

• French• He and 150 Huguenots (French

Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast but continued to sail northward until settling just north of Savannah in a protected inlet named Port Royal.

• The French then constructed Charles Fort.

Order of events

• Robert Montgomery proposes the settlement of Azilia before John Barnwell proposes Fort King George.

• England begins colonizing North America before France does.

• Ponce de Leon explores the New World before Hernando de Soto.

The Founding of Georgia

Chapter 6

Notes

• Oglethorpe is considered to be the founder of Georgia.

Notes

• According to its charter – a legal document that grants certain rights - the Georgia colony was established for 3 main reasons and one unstated reason: 1) charity, 2) economics, 3) defense, and 4) religion. It was not established for politics.

Notes

• The only religion not allowed in Georgia was Catholic because of the fear of Spanish influence

Notes

• According to the charter, Georgia’s northern boundary was the Savannah River, the southern boundary was the Altamaha River, and the western boundary was the Pacific Ocean.

Notes

• Most of Georgia’s first colonists were skilled workers.

• After the King signed the charter, there were a total of 114 settlers who originally came to the Georgia colony on the Anne.

Notes

• John Musgrove was Oglethorpe’s translator while Oglethorpe was talking to Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraws.

• On February 12, 1733, the colonists arrived in Georgia at Yamacraw Bluff. This date is considered the founding – creation of a territory – of Georgia.

Notes

• The colonist’s complained about three of the trustees’ rules and regulations: 1) no inheritance of land by women, 2) ban on slavery, and 3) prohibitions on rum.

Notes

• Spain threatened the English colonies by its presence in Florida.

• Georgia’s trustees sent Scottish Highlanders to Georgia’s southern boundary, Darien, to build a fort and settlement.

• In 1739, Britain declares war on Spain.

Notes

• Fort Frederica was Britain’s largest military base in America.

Notes

• Most of the Indian trade took place in the upcountry also known as the backcountry.

• Oglethorpe regulated the Indian trade by imposing rules, requiring licenses and fees, and establishing exchange rates.

• Fort Augusta was built to regulate the Indian trade.

Notes

• The Battle of Bloody Marsh took place on St. Simons Island in 1742.

Notes

• After Oglethorpe left Georgia, the economy declined. The trustees tried to get the colony’s economy going by relaxing their restrictions on land ownership and slavery.

• In 1752, the trustees returned the charter to the King making Georgia a royal colony.

Notes

• The colonists got their first chance at self-government under John Reynolds.

• Georgia had its own legislature. The lower house – Commons House of Assembly – had elections. Only white males who owned at least 50 acres of land could vote in the Assembly elections.

Notes

• Henry Ellis became the next royal governor of Georgia after Reynolds.

• James Wright was the third and final royal governor.

Notes

• The French and Indian War was between Britain and France.

Notes

• At the end of the French and Indian War, Georgia’s western boundary was the Mississippi River.

• France and Spain had asked for peace. The Treaty of Paris was written in order to obtain peace. According to the terms of this treaty, Spain gave Florida to Britain, and France gave up Canada and land east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. This Treaty was written to end the war.

Notes

• The Proclamation of 1763 reserved all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains for the Indians. In this document, Britain also created 4 new colonies – Quebec, Grenada, East Florida, and West Florida. This Proclamation was written after the French and Indian War.

Notes

• The headright system was adopted. Under this system, the head of each family was given free land. This system was also used as a plan for distributing Indian land.

Life of the People in Colonial Georgia

Chapter 7

RegionalDifferences

New England Colonies

• Fishing• Sea Trade• Blacksmiths• Coopers (barrel makers)• Silversmiths• Furniture makers• Founded for religious reasons• Bible important to them

Middle Atlantic Colonies

• Largest cities

• Iron ore deposits

• Temperate climate

• Mining and mineral processing

• No requirement for public schooling

Southern Colonies

• Plantations

• Tobacco, indigo, and rice

• Warm climate

• Regularly used slaves

• Few towns and cities

• No educational requirements

Regional Differences

• The American colonies developed differently from one another because the geography and climate differed.

• The Georgia colony was expected to take part in the idea of mercantilism with England.

• A plantation is a large farm.• Georgia’s early colonists had to adapt to

heat, strange plants, and strange animals.• Georgia settlers developed an agrarian

culture (centered around farming.)

Regional Differences

• After 1773, Georgia as a royal colony had social classes develop, Savannah seaport prospering, slavery permitted.

The EbenezerCommunity

Jerusalem Church

Ebenezer Community

• Jerusalem Church• Jerusalem Church was

established by the Salzburgers in Ebenezer during the 1730s. Ebenezer, left in ruins after the Revolutionary War, had disappeared by 1855, but Jerusalem Church, now known as Jerusalem Evangelical Lutheran Church, still stands. It is one of the few buildings in Georgia left intact after the Revolutionary War.

Ebenezer Community

• The Salzburgers came to Georgia for religious freedom.

• The Salzburger community was called Ebenezer.

• The Salzburgers moved from their first settlement because the land was swampy.

• The Salzburgers were Lutherans.

Ebenezer Community

• The Salzburgers successfully produced rice and silk.

• John Treutlen was a Salzburger who became the first governor of Georgia.

John Adam Treutlen

Africans Come To America

• The first African is believed to have come to the Americas with Columbus.

• The tradition of Florida as a haven for escaped slaves was begun by the Spanish when they offered freedom and land to all who converted to Catholicism.

Africans Come To America

• An indentured servant is a contracted worker.

• The trade route used by American merchants that involved the trading of rum, slaves, sugar, and molasses was the Triangular Trade route.

Triangular Trade

Africans Come To America

• Some colonists wanted slaves for 3 reasons: 1. To grow and harvest rice. 2. To raise enough products to export. 3. To compete with other colonies using slaves.

• The malcontents are the ones who wanted slaves.

Africans Come To America

• Slave codes were laws that governed the behavior and treatment of slaves.

• According to the slave codes, slaves were to have Sundays off.

• It was against the law to teach a slave to read or write.

SlaveAuctionNotice

Georgia Society and Culture

• Life in Savannah– Specialized jobs– Social system– Professionals

• Life in the Backcountry– Small farms– Tied work (corn

shucking, barn raisings, and quilting) into social events

– Little government– Augusta growing

Georgia Society and Culture

• Artisans are people skilled in a craft or trade like a tailor.

Bibliography

• http://oleg-petrov.net/statue.gif• http://grid.let.rug.nl/~usa/images/Ve1_Vespucci_Amerigo.GIF

• http://fms.hdsb.ca/grassroots2004/6explorer/images/johncabot.jpg

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• http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gx/gx0088.JPG

Bibliography

• http://www.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/9/96/Wpdms_georgia_colony_1732.png

• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-2406.jpg• www.lib.utexas.edu/ maps/historic_us_cities.html• http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/academics/courses/is182AC/f04/249.gif• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-1064.jpg• http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/media/0301_011601.jpg• http://www.qesnrecit.qc.ca/socialsciences/images/history/noam1763.gif

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Bibliography• http://www.valdosta.edu/~kdhickox/Image002.jpg• http://www.georgiasalzburgers.com/images/jerusalem-church.jpg• http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-8037• http://www.historisches-franken.de/auswanderer/bilder/11usaboltzius.jpg• http://www.georgiasalzburgers.com/images/john-treutlen.jpg• http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/africa_caribbean/

docs/trade_routes.htm• http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/file_download.php/

22e353858aa7d4f727dedfe382c3a21cAfiche+de+vente.jpg• http://mk31.image.pbase.com/u42/savannahga/large/27603769.P4010070.jpg• http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/wesley-charles.jpg• http://www.newgenevacenter.org/reference/enlightenment2.htm#j-wesley• http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/f0205s.jpg• http://ichf.edu.pl/gen_inf/gen_en/europe-map.gif