unit #3 pathways packet - hartnell university battling … · only during this unit but also in...

Unit #3 — Pathways Packet

Office of Academic Affairs

The Pathways Packet contains all of the material needed to

be successful during this unit. Completion is REQUIRED in order

for you to be granted re-assessment following the test. Failure

to complete the Pathways Packet will jeopardize your success not

only during this unit but also in this course.

The Pathways Packet contains key vocabulary and questions

from reading assignments. This material is housed in the course

textbook (United States History & Geography: Modern Times),

which you can access by visiting Hartnell University’s McKim-

Batterson Library (drhartnell.com/library.html). Also included

are Essential Questions (EQs), which are the state standards

used to design the unit as well as form your initial assessment.

Answers for the EQs are found in the Guided Notes, which should

be reviewed prior to attending class each day. This will help

you contribute to the overall discussion and further your

understanding of the unit’s major themes. As such, it is VERY

important that you visit your class’ weekly schedule on a

regular basis so as not to fall behind.

If you have any questions, please speak with Dr. Hartnell

or any other member of the Hartnell University faculty.

Sincerely,

John McAllister Schofield

Dean of Academic Affairs

Dr. Hartnell’s “Ka-Boom to Bust” Unit picks up in 1914 on

the eve of the First World War. America had done quite well

for itself in the decades leading up to World War I. Thanks

to numerous imperialistic endeavors in Asia, the Pacific,

and Latin America, the U.S. earned a coveted seat at the

“grownup” table. The Second Industrial Revolution

transformed the once agrarian nation into an industrial

powerhouse – and President Teddy Roosevelt was quick to

flash America’s strength worldwide with the Great White

Fleet and his “Big Stick” policy. But, when the world’s

finest dropped their gloves and started slugging it out in

the trenches and mud of Europe, America was faced with its

first legitimate international crisis. Defeating Spain in

1898 was small potatoes compared to the daunting task of

gearing up for war with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

America’s success in the Great War, however, sent the

nation on a rollercoaster ride for the next two decades.

Enthusiastic patriotism following the war resulted in a

happy-go-lucky and spendthrift mentality that inevitably

saw the bottom drop out with the Stock Market Crash in

1929. Suddenly, the flappers and gangsters of the “Roaring

Twenties” were out of work and living on the streets.

America had the rug pulled out from under its feet, and, it

seemed, the good times had forever come to an end.

Summary

01

02

Reading Assignment #1

Read the following pages in the course textbook to locate the

key vocabulary and answer the questions below.

Chapter 7: World War I and Its Aftermath Lesson 1: The U.S. Enters World War I (pp. 184-188)

C7,L1 KEY READING VOCABULARY:

a. militarism:

b. nationalism:

c. propaganda:

d. contraband:

C7,L1 KEY READING QUESTIONS:

1. How did militarism contribute to the beginning of WWI?

2. Why did the majority of Americans sympathize with the Allies

even before the U.S. entered the war?

3. What events motivated the U.S. to join the war?

03




Chapter 7: World War I and Its Aftermath Lesson 2: The Home Front (pp. 189-193)


a. victory garden:

b. espionage:

c. draft:


1. What did Congress do to prepare the U.S. economy for war?

2. How were progressive ideals used in preparing the U.S.

military for war?

3. What were the contributions of women and African-Americans on

the home front during the war?

4. How did government efforts to ensure public support for the

war effort lead to restrictions on civil liberties?

04




Chapter 7: World War I and Its Aftermath Lesson 3: A Bloody Conflict (pp. 194-199)


a. convoy:

b. armistice:

c. Fourteen Points:

d. national self-determination:

e. reparations:


1. How did new technologies increase the number of casualties?

2. Why was the arrival of U.S. troops crucial for Allied

victory?

3. How did ideas of national self-determination influence the

Treaty of Versailles? Which of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

wound up in the treaty?

05




Chapter 7: World War I and Its Aftermath Lesson 4: The War’s Impact (pp. 200-203)


a. cost of living:

b. deport:

c. general strike:

d. Red Scare:


1. What circumstances caused economic and racial unrest in 1919?

2. Why did many Americans come to fear Communists and other

radicals after the end of WWI?

3. Do you agree or disagree with A. Mitchell Palmer’s efforts to

prevent a “radical” revolution in the U.S. (Be sure to

support your answer with examples from the reading.)

06




Chapter 8: The Jazz Age Lesson 1: The Politics of the 1920s (pp. 208-211)


a. supply-side economics:

b. cooperative individualism:

c. isolationism:


1. Describe two major scandals that plagued the Harding

Administration.

2. What government policies helped the economy recover from the

post-war recession?

3. What initiatives did the U.S. take in the 1920s to help

ensure economic stability and peace in Europe?

07




Chapter 8: The Jazz Age Lesson 2: A Growing Economy (pp. 212-216)


a. mass production:

b. assembly line:

c. Model T:

d. disposable income:

e. consumer credit:


1. How did new industrial innovations such as assembly lines and

mass production affect the American worker and consumer?

2. How did changing attitudes about credit affect people’s daily

lives?

3. How did the growing nationwide availability of radio programs

affect Americans’ sense of their culture?

4. Why did farmers miss out on the prosperity of the 1920s?

08




Chapter 8: The Jazz Age Lesson 3: A Clash of Values (pp. 217-220)


a. nativism:

b. anarchist:

c. evolution:

d. creationism:

e. speakeasy:


1. How did the Sacco-Vanzetti case exemplify the rise of

nativism in the U.S.?

2. How did the National Origins Act help deal with the tensions

created by nativism?

3. Why do you think some Americans feared the “new morality”?

4. What political, social, and economic contributions did women

make to American society in the 1920s?

09




Chapter 8: The Jazz Age Lesson 4: Cultural Innovations (pp. 221-223)


a. bohemian:

b. mass media:


1. Why did many artists, poets, playwrights, and novelists move

to Paris in the 1920s?

2. Why did many Americans have more time for entertainment?

3. Why did new national pastimes emerge during the 1920s? What

were some of the most popular ways for Americans to spend

their leisure time?

4. How is today’s mass media similar to that of the 1920s?

10




Chapter 8: The Jazz Age Lesson 5: African-American Culture and Politics (pp. 224-227)


a. Harlem Renaissance:

b. jazz:

c. blues:

d. NAACP:

e. “Back to Africa” Movement:


1. What does the Harlem Renaissance reveal about African-

American culture during the 1920s? Why did blues emerge as

a main musical form of the Harlem Renaissance?

2. What impact did the Great Migration have on African

Americans’ political power?

3. How did African-American leaders differ in their approaches

to political actions during the 1920s?

11




Chapter 9: The Great Depression Begins Lesson 1: The Causes of the Great Depression (pp. 232-236)


a. stock market:

b. bull market:

c. speculation:

d. margin:

e. margin call:

f. bank run:

g. installment:


1. Using the chart on page #233, what generalization can you

make about the variation in highs and lows of the stock

market from 1920 to 1932?

2. How did speculation cause the stock market to crash in 1929?

3. What were three existing economic conditions that contributed

to the Great Depression? (Review the chart on page #235.)

12




Chapter 9: The Great Depression Begins Lesson 2: Life During the Great Depression (pp. 237-239)


a. bailiff:

b. hobo:

c. Dust Bowl:

d. “Okies”:

e. soap opera:


1. What changes to daily life occurred for people affected by

the economic hardships of the Great Depression?

2. Why did “Okies” migrate to California during the Depression?

What happened to them once they arrived?

3. How did the Great Depression impact the culture of the 1930s?

13




Chapter 9: The Great Depression Begins Lesson 3: Hoover’s Response to the Depression (pp. 240-243)


a. public works:

b. relief:

c. foreclose:

d. “Bonus Army”:


1. What three major initiatives did President Hoover take to

help the U.S. economy?

2. Why did citizens try to change government policy during the

Great Depression’s early years? How did they change it?

3. Between 1931 and 1932, what Federal Government programs and

acts were created to promote economic recovery? What was

each intended to do?

14




Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal Lesson 1: The First New Deal (pp. 248-254)


a. polio:

b. gold standard:

c. bank holiday:

d. “fireside chats”:

e. TVA:


1. What characteristics did FDR have that made him popular with

Americans?

2. Why did FDR broadcast “fireside chats”?

3. How did the government restore confidence in the banking

system?

4. How did New Deal legislation try to stabilize agriculture

and industry?

15




Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal Lesson 2: The Second New Deal (pp. 255-258)


a. deficit spending:

b. binding arbitration:

c. sit-down strike:


1. How did the political left’s criticism of the New Deal differ

from those of the political right?

2. What happens when the Federal Government starts a policy of

deficit spending?

3. What factors encouraged FDR to introduce the Second New Deal?

4. How did the Wagner Act and the Social Security Act affect

Americans?

16




Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal Lesson 3: The New Deal Coalition (pp. 259-261)


a. court-packing:

b. broker state:

c. safety net:


1. Why was the court-packing plan such a mistake for FDR?

2. Which groups were a part of the New Deal coalition?

3. What impact has New Deal legislation had on federal and state

governments?

Essential Questions (EQs)

Using the Guided Notes, class lectures/discussions, and reading

assignments, answer the following 35 Essential Questions. The

unit test will assess your mastery of each of these EQs.

EQ 3.01 - material found on pp. 1-2 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

List the 9 major countries that fought for the Allies and the 4

that fought for the Central Powers during World War I (1914-

1918).


Answer these questions about the causes of World War I:

A. Militarism – How did the arms race between the nations of

Europe cause WWI?

B. Imperialism – How did overseas expansion and a desire to

create empires cause WWI?

C. Nationalism – How did the love of one’s country cause WWI?

How did the desire of individual nationalities to create their

own country cause WWI?

D. Alliances – How did the alliance system cause WWI?

E. Assassination – How did the assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand cause WWI?

17


18


How did the following new technologies revolutionize combat

during World War I?

A. Bolt-action magazine rifle.

B. Machine gun.

C. Flamethrower (Flammenwerfer).

D. Poisonous gas.

E. Tanks.

F. Submarines (Unterseeboots).

G. Airplanes.

EQ 3.04 - material found on p. 3 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Veterans of World War I compared trench warfare to being

“buried alive”. How was trench warfare conducted? Why was it so

gruesome?


19


Explain the following key battles/events of World War I:

A. Battle of Liege – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Battle of the Frontiers – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. First Battle of the Marne – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

D. First Battle of Ypres – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of Tannenberg & First Battle of Masurian Lake – When?

Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. The Christmas Truce – When? Where? Impact on war?


20


Explain the following key battles/events of World War I:

A. Second Battle of Ypres – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Gallipoli Campaign – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Battle of Verdun – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. First Battle of the Somme – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

E. Battle of Jutland – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of the Meuse-Argonne – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?


21


Explain the following key people of World War I:

A. Baron Manfred von Richthofen – Who was he? Which side did he

support? What is he known for?

B. Kaiser Wilhelm II – Who was he? Which side did he support?

What is he known for?

C. Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Who was he? Which side did he


D. Gavrilo Princip – Who was he? Which side did he support?


E. President Woodrow Wilson – Who was he? Which side did he


F. General John J. Pershing – Who was he? Which side did he



22


Who was Otto Dix? Why is he a perfect example of the

psychological impact that war can have on the human mind?


Answer these questions about the Russian Revolution (1917):

A. What caused the Russian Revolution?

B. What did the Russian Revolution accomplish?

C. What impact did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s

involvement in World War I?


23


Explain these key people/events of the Russian Revolution:

A. Czar Nicholas II – Who was he? Which side did he support?


B. February Revolution – When? What happened? Impact on Russian

Revolution?

C. October Revolution – When? What happened? Impact on Russian

Revolution?

D. Bolshevik Party – Which side did this party support? Who led

this party?

E. Vladimir Lenin – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?

F. Leon Trotsky – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?


24


The U.S. did not enter World War I until 1917 – and only after

2 key events pushed the nation into the conflict. What were

these 2 key events? How did these 2 key events sway U.S. public

opinion in favor of the Allies?


What impact did the following items/events have on American

society during World War I?

A. Propaganda.

B. Liberty Bonds.

C. Espionage Act.

D. Sedition Act.

E. Schenck v. United States.


25


What is the official date listed for the end of World War I?

Why was that exact date picked? In the U.S., what national

holiday is now celebrated in commemoration of that date?


Answer these questions about the Treaty of Versailles:

A. What countries took part in drafting this treaty?

B. What were the 4 key parts of this treaty?

C. Why do historians credit this treaty with helping to start

World War II?

D. Why didn’t the U.S. sign this treaty? What treaty did the

U.S. sign instead?


26

EQ 3.15 - material found on pp. 28 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Answer these questions about the Fourteen Points:

A. Who wrote the Fourteen Points?

B. How did the Fourteen Points suggest the “winners” treat

Germany after the war?

C. Why were the Fourteen Points mocked and rejected by the major

European countries?

D. What was the only “point” that wound up getting included in

the Treaty of Versailles?

E. Why didn’t the U.S. join this particular “point”?


What impact did World War I have on the countries involved?

To answer this question, address the amount of casualties and

the amount of money spent by both sides during the conflict.


27


Answer these questions and explain why the title of “Roaring” is

no longer historically accurate when discussing the 1920s.

A. Why was the decade not as prosperous as it appeared on the

surface?

B. Why did the country choose to ignore many of its internal

problems following World War I?

C. How did the internal problems of the 1920s rise to the

surface in later decades?


How did Henry Ford’s assembly line revolutionize factories in

the U.S.? Why did it drop the cost of cars? Why did it reduce

the need for skilled labor across the country?


What impact did these mass culture items have on revamping the

way in which Americans enjoyed their lives during the 1920s?

A. Advertisements.

B. Radio.

C. “Talkies”.

D. The “Golden Age” of Sports.


28


Answer these questions about key celebrities/entertainers of the

“Roaring” Twenties:

A. Al Jolson – Who was he? What is he known for?

B. Charles Lindbergh – Who was he? What is he known for?

C. Amelia Earhart – Who was she? What is she known for?

D. F. Scott Fitzgerald – Who was he? What is he known for?

E. Charlie Chaplin – Who was he? What is he known for?

F. Harry Houdini – Who was he? What is he known for?


Answer these questions about the rebellious teenage flappers:

A. How did they dress and behave? Why was this “scandalous”?

B. What kind of music did they listen to?

C. Give 2 examples of the slang words they used. What did these

words mean?


29


Answer these questions about the “Golden Age of Sports”:

A. Babe Ruth – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

B. Red Grange – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

C. Knute Rockne – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

D. Jack Dempsey – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

E. Man O’ War – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

F. Bill Tilden – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?

G. Bobby Jones – Who was he? What sport did he play? What is he

known for?


30


Answer these questions about African-Americans during the 1920s:

A. From 1910-1930, 1.6 million African-Americans moved out of

the rural South and into the Northeast, Midwest, and West.

Why were they so willing to move during this “Great Migration”?

B. What was the Harlem Renaissance? What impact did it have on

African-Americans and on U.S. society?

C. What was the Jazz Age? What impact did it have on the music

industry?

D. Who was Marcus Garvey? What role did he play in the rise of

Black Nationalism in the 1920s?


31


Answer these questions about key Presidents from the “Roaring”

Twenties:

A. President Warren G. Harding – Which political party did he

serve for? What is he known for?

B. President Calvin Coolidge – Which political party did he

serve for? What is he known for?

C. President Herbert Hoover – Which political party did he serve

for? What is he known for?


Efforts to limit immigration during the 1920s led to the

National Origins Act of 1924. The law established an annual

quota of 2% on immigration. Explain how the quota system

worked and how racism toward (and misconceptions about) certain

immigrant groups impacted it.


32


While Progressives were supported before World War I, attitudes

toward them changed drastically after the war. Many were

labeled “socialists” and fled the country in fear. Answer these

questions about Progressivism during the 1920s:

A. Why did America turn on Progressives following World War I?

B. Where did the Progressives flee? Why did they go there?

C. What groups of people suffered because of this change in

attitude?


Answer these questions about political conflicts of the 1920s:

A. The Red Scare – What caused it? What roles did A. Mitchell

Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover play? How did the Red Scare of the

1920s plant the seeds for the Red Scare of the 1950s?

continues on page #33 —>


33


B. Sacco & Vanzetti – What caused this court case? Who were

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti? What was the court’s

decision? Why did the verdict spark protest?

C. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – Why was there a resurgence of the KKK

during the 1920s? Who were some of their “new” targets? How did

this hatred carry over into the KKK of the 1950s?

D. Scopes Monkey Trial – What caused this court case? Who were

John T. Scopes and Clarence Darrow? What was the court’s

decision? Why was the verdict later overturned?

E. Prohibition – What made people want Prohibition? Who were

the “Drys” and the “Wets”? Where did the Prohibition movement

begin? What Amendment started Prohibition? What Amendment ended

Prohibition? Do historians consider Prohibition to be a success

or a failure?


34


Answer these questions about the Mafia in the U.S.:

A. Where did the Mafia originate?

B. What was the Mafia’s involvement in bootlegging during

Prohibition?

C. What impact did The Godfather have on the image of the Mafia

in American culture?

D. Explain the following key people of the Mafia:

* Al Capone – What was his nickname? What is he known for?

* John Gotti – What was his nickname? What is he known for?

* Jack McGurn – What was his nickname? What is he known for?



35


* George Moran – What was his nickname? What is he known for?

* Nicodemo Scarfo – What was his nickname? What is he known for?

* Benjamin Siegel – What was his nickname? What is he known for?

* Johnny Torrio – What was his nickname? What is he known for?


Answer these questions about the Great Depression:

A. When did it “start”? When did it “end”?

B. What was it?

C. How did installment plans, buying on credit, and buying “on

margin” contribute to the Stock Market Crash in 1929?


36


Answer these questions about key people/animals of the 1930s:

A. President Herbert Hoover – Who was he? What is he known for?

B. President Franklin D. Roosevelt – Who was he? What is he

known for?

C. John Maynard Keynes – Who was he? What is he known for?

D. James J. Braddock – Who was he? What is he known for?

E. Seabiscuit – Who was he? What is he known for?


Answer these questions about key items/events of the Depression:

A. Hoovervilles – What were they? Why did they form?

B. The Bonus Army – What was it? What did this “army” want?



37


C. “Fireside Chats” – What were they? Why did FDR give them?

D. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – What was it? What kind of

jobs did the TVA create?

E. The Dust Bowl – What caused it? What impact did it have on

farming in the U.S.?


The New Deal helped people survive the Great Depression, but it

acted as a painkiller rather than a cure for the nation’s

economic ills. Give 2 positive effects and 2 negative effects

FDR’s New Deal had on the U.S.


38


During the Great Depression, unions and minorities became

staunch supporters of the Democratic Party. What role did FDR’s

New Deal play in this political shift?


How did the Great Depression result in the expansion of the role

of the U.S. Government?


Provide a 1 sentence summary for these economic terms:

A. Boycott.

B. Business Cycle (including: expansion, peak, contraction &

trough).

C. Capitalism (a.k.a. Free Enterprise & Market Economy).



39


D. Communism.

E. Consumer Price Index (CPI).

F. Deficit Spending.

G. Depression.

H. Embargo (including: civil & hostile).

I. Gold Standard (including: Silver Standard & Mixed Metal).

J. Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

K. Inflation (including deflation).

L. Interest Rate.



40


M. Laissez-faire.

N. Minimum Wage.

O. Monopoly (including: vertical integration & horizontal con-

solidation).

P. National Debt.

Q. Socialism.

R. Standard of Living.

S. Stock Market (including: stock, Bull Market & Bear Market).

T. Strike.

U. Supply & Demand.



41


V. Supply-Side Economics (a.k.a. Trickle-Down Economics).

W. Tariff.

X. Taxation (including: income tax, sales tax & property tax).

Y. Unemployment Rate.

There is no letter “z”. This probably bothers many of you. Good.

END OF UNIT #3 EQs

This Pathways Packet belongs to:

unit #3 pathways packet - hartnell university battling … · only during this unit but also in...

Documents