unit 3m.2: investigating materials · 30 materials grade3, unit 3m.2: investigating materials...

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:

Investigating materials

Unit 3M.2: Investigating Materials

Comparing the properties

of different materials.

Relationship between

material uses and their

properties

Science skills:

Predicting

Classifying

Observing

Experimenting

By the end of this unit you should be able to:

Compare materials according to their common

properties and learn about how they are used.

Collect, organize observations and data in tabular

and pictorial forms.

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Comparing the properties of different materials.

Can you pour paper? Can you fold milk? Why not?

Different objects have different properties.

What can you do to these materials? Discuss.

Steps:

1- Look at the objects you have been given.

2- Notice whether they look shiny or dull, hard or

soft even smell them!!

3- Record your observations, by ticking in the table

that follows:

Materials

Coin, marble, key, cotton ball,

book, peppercorns, piece of

candy, uncooked macaroni

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

3.9.4, 3.9.5

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Object Shiny Dull Hard Soft Rough Smooth

Coin

Marble

Key

Pepper

corns

Cotton

Ball

Candy

Macaroni

Book

Using our observations skills we can see that

different objects have different properties.

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Material strength:

The strength of a material refers to how easy it is

to; squash, squeeze or stretch it.

Squash Squeeze Stretch

Activity:

Steps:

Materials

Different types of cups

of a similar size made

from paper, plastic and

ceramic.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

32

Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


You will need a paper, plastic and ceramic cup or

mug.

1- Choose one cup at a time.

2- Try to crush the cup with one hand.

3- Record your observations; draw a picture of the

cup before and after.

Cup Observation

BEFORE

Observation

AFTER

Time to think:

Q1- Which cup was the easiest to crush? Why?

__________________________________

Q2- Which cup was the strongest? Why?

__________________________________

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Activity:

You want to test different materials used in making

socks.

Steps:

Conduct a fair test to measure which pair of socks

has the most stretch.

1. Remember in a ‘Fair Test’ you can; only change

one thing, measure one thing and all other things

must stay the same

2. Design your experiment to test the socks.

Aim, Materials, Method, Predict now TEST!

3. Results: record your observations in the table

Materials

Different types of socks made

from various materials ie.

Football socks, thin socks, tights

material socks. A range of

recording tools ie; measuring

tape, masking tape, weights.

paper, string, weights etc.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Observation table:

SOCK Length before (cm) Length after (cm) Thick

football

socks

Normal socks Thin ladies

socks

Represent your observation in a bar chart. Showing

how much each sock stretched.

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Shock absorption

You want to post a fragile gift to your grandparents

who live far away. What material will you use to

wrap the gift so that it does not break?

Activity:

Steps:

1- Wrap each meringue with a different material; 2

with tissue paper, 2 with newspaper and the last 2

with bubble wrap.

2- Mark two heights at 1m and 2m to drop your

packages from.

3 - Beginning with the 1m height drop each of the

wrapped meringue packages (tissue, newspaper and

bubble wrap). Open the wrapping and record your

observations.

4 – Repeat for each package from the 2m, again

record your observations in the table that follows.

*Remember your safety when working from heights.

Materials

Tissue paper, newspaper,

bubble wrap, 6 meringues and

a sticky tape.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Observations

Wrapping

Material

Height

1 metre 2 metre

Tissue

Paper

Newspaper

Bubble

Wrap

Time to think:

Q1- Which wrapping material will you use to send

your fragile gift for your grandparents? Why?

___________________________________

___________________________________

37

Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Melting ice

This sculpture is made of ice. Ice is a solid. As long

as the sculpture stays frozen, it will keep its shape.

If the ice warms up, it will melt and become liquid

and change its shape.

Activity:

Materials

Clear plastic cups, ice

cubes, stop clock

Process Skills Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Steps:

1-Take 2 cups – cup A and B, and place 2 ice cubes

in each.

2-Put cup A in a cold place and cup B in a

warm place.

3-Predict what will happen to the ice in;

Cup A _________________________________

Cup B _________________________________

3-After 4 minutes observe what happened to the

ice in both cups and record your observations.

5-Record your observations again after 10 minutes.

Observations Cup A - Cold place Cup B - Warm place

4 minutes

10 minutes

Time to think:

Q1- In which cup did the ice melt faster? Why?

_________________________________

_________________________________

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Q2- What caused the ice to change form?

_________________________________

Exploring Plastics

Physical changes can be useful. When you fold a

sheet of paper, you can make it change shape. An

elastic band changes its shape to hold things.

However, if a bridge you were driving on changed

shape as much as the paper or the plastic bag,

there would be trouble!!

Plastics are used in many ways that are useful

to us. Some of the properties of plastic are:

hard and slippery, soft and rubbery, flexible,

light weight, non-rusting (corrosive) and easy

to shape (malleable). It also comes in many

colours and is cheap to make. These factors

allow plastics to be used in lots of ways and

for many different purposes.

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Activity:

Steps:

1- Collect a range of plastic materials.

2- Test each material using a method to squash,

squeeze or stretch and record your observations.

Materials

Assorted plastic items; ie. food

packaging trays, milk containers,

chip packets, drinking cups etc

3 hoops

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

Breaks

easily

Creases with

‘stress whitening’ Crease

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Material Does it

snap?

Does it

crease?

Does it get

stress

whitening?

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Arrange the 3 hoops like picture below. Sort your

items into the Venn hoop diagram according to the

results of your test.

What change was most common for your items?

_________________________________________

How many items experienced more than 2 changes?

_________________________________________

Snap

Crease

Stress

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Key words:

Shock absorption

Melting

Plastic

Key ideas:

Materials have common

properties such as strength,

hardness and flexibility.

Key Questions

Ahmed used ice cubes to find the warmest

classroom in the school. He puts one ice cube on 4

different plates then put them in different

classrooms. Ahmed and three of his friends

measured the time it took for each ice cube to

completely melt.

Classroom

4

Classroom

3

Classroom

2

Classroom

1

42 min 34 min 48 min 37 min Time

A-Which classroom would you store your chocolate

bar in? Why?

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

44

Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Relationship between properties of materials and

their uses.

The objects in the pictures below are made of

different materials. The properties of each are

suitable for different uses. Why? Discuss.

Absorbency

Absorbency is how much liquid a material can hold.

3.9.6

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Activity

Problem:

A drink has spilled on your desk! You need to clean

it up quickly but only have limited materials available

to choose from. Which material will be the best to

use if you want to absorb as much liquid as possible?

Steps:

1- Design a fair experiment using the 3 fabrics to

test which will absorb the most liquid.

2- Record your findings and then display them in a

table or graph.

Time to think:

Q1-Which material is best to clean up the spill on

your desk? Why?

___________________________________

___________________________________

Materials

Samples of cotton, wool

and nylon, bowl, water,

measuring beakers, food

colouring, ruler and timer.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Insulation:

Activity:

Steps:

1- Wrap the 3 cans in the different materials;

Can 1: Cotton fabric,

Can 2: Woollen fabric and

Can 3: Paper *You can use sticky tape or glue to secure the materials to the Can

2- Fill all 3 Cans with cold tap water, all the same

quantity.

Insulation is a product that blocks the transfer of

heat, helping to keep you, your home and offices

either cool or warm.

Materials

Cotton fabric, woollen fabric,

paper, 3 drinks cans, water,

3 thermometers and sticky

tape or glue.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


3- Take the Cans outside and place them in direct

sunlight.

4- Record the temperature outside in the sun?

Outside temperature: __________________

5-Predict: What material do you think will keep the

heat out the best? _______________________

Why? __________________________________

6- Place a thermometer in all 3 Cans.

7- Record the temperature of each Can after 5

mins, 10 minutes and 15 minutes.

Time to think:

1-Which material is the best insulator? Why?

________________________________

2-Was your prediction correct?

________________________________

3-What other things could affect how much heat

gets into the Can? ____________________

________________________________

Materials 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes

Cotton

Wool

Paper

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Filtration:

Activity:

Steps:

1- Mix together a sample of water, sand, stones

and soil in a used drinking bottle. Tighten lid on the

bottle and shake gently.

Filtration is a method of separating a solid

from a liquid.

Materials

Various materials as filters ie,

paper, fabric, stockings, sieves,

fishing net etc, 3 clear sample

jars/ cups, 1 clear (500ml) drink

container with lid, water, soil,

small stones and sand.

Process Skills

Observing

Enquiring

Experimenting

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


2- Choose 3 different filters to use in your test.

3- Pour the water mixture through the 3 different

filters so it is captured by the clear sample jar/cup

3- Record your observations of the filter and

sample jar/cup.

Type of

filter

Filter Contents Sample Jar/ cup

(under filter)

A

B

C

Time to think:

Q1- Which filter captured the most material?

Why?

________________________________

Q2- Which sample jar/ cup had the clearest water?

________________________________

50

Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Making ropes:

Project:

1- Ask students to research different types of

weaves in different materials i.e. grasses, leaves,

plastic, string, rope etc.

2- Students to bring one simple weave to

experiment on the materials provided. Some

material suggestions: polythene bags, cling film,

strips of paper, cotton, wool and palm leaves.

3- Choose 1 or 2 materials to weave.

4- Design a simple fair test to compare the

strength of each material before and after it has

been woven together.

5- Discuss the results.

The strength of materials change when twisted

together

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


What is paper recycling?

Paper recycling is the process of recovering waste

paper and remaking it into new paper products

Project

Investigate paper recycling in Qatar.

Your information should include:

Process of paper recycling.

How it benefits the universe.

Some uses of recycled paper.

Present your findings as a powerpoint presentation,

poster or research project.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg

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Materials

Grade3, Unit 3M.2:


Key Words: Absorbency

Temperature

Filtration

Insulation

Key Ideas:

Materials can be classified

according to common properties.

Materials are tested for their

uses.

D C A B

Key Questions:

Q1) Absorbent materials

soak up water well. Reem

and Hessa have 4 equal

strips of different types

of paper. They want to

find out which is the most

absorbent.

They dip the strips in colored water then take them

out again. This picture shows the pieces of paper

after they are taken out of the water.

1-What material has soaked up the most water?

_________________________________________

2-Circle 2 materials that soak up water well.

Paper towel Aluminum foil

Plastic Bag Cotton Nylon

unit 3m.2: investigating materials · 30 materials grade3, unit 3m.2: investigating materials...

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