unit 4 language structures language structures dialogue i dialogue i dialogue ii dialogue ii reading...

Unit 4

Language StructuresLanguage Structures

Dialogue IDialogue I

Dialogue IIDialogue II

Reading IReading I

Reading IIReading II

Guided WritingGuided Writing

Interaction ActivitiesInteraction Activities

Listening PracticeListening Practice

How to Deal with Dictation

How to Learn English

Advice and Suggestions

EnergyEnergy

Sea Harvest

OBJECTIVES Review the modal auxiliaries (can/could be Review the modal auxiliaries (can/could be

able to, have to, may, had better).able to, have to, may, had better).

Make good scores on dictation.Make good scores on dictation.

Give and ask for advice and suggestions.Give and ask for advice and suggestions.

Develop a paragraph of exposition.Develop a paragraph of exposition.

B1-Unit 4B1-Unit 4




Reading IReading I

Language Language StructuresStructures

B1-Unit 4B1-Unit 4

Unit 4

LSLS

LSP

11

22

33

44

Unit 4

LSLS

Was she able to/ CouldWas she able to/ Could she sing so well a year ago? she sing so well a year ago?

Do you Do you have tohave to live on the campus? live on the campus?

Can / MayCan / May I I bebe excused from the lecture this week? excused from the lecture this week?

You You had better (You’d better)had better (You’d better) consult an consult an encyclopedia?encyclopedia?

LSP

See the following sentences and find out See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use:the grammar rules they use:

Follow up activity

Unit 4

Modal auxiliariesModal auxiliaries

1. 1. can / couldcan / could and and be able tobe able to used to used to express ‘ability’express ‘ability’

2. 2. have tohave to expressing ‘obligation’ expressing ‘obligation’

3. 3. can /maycan /may used to express ‘permission’ used to express ‘permission’ or ‘request for permission’or ‘request for permission’

4. 4. had betterhad better expressing ‘advice’ or expressing ‘advice’ or ‘suggestion’‘suggestion’

Modal auxiliariesModal auxiliaries

1. 1. can / couldcan / could and and be able tobe able to used to used to express ‘ability’express ‘ability’

2. 2. have tohave to expressing ‘obligation’ expressing ‘obligation’

3. 3. can /maycan /may used to express ‘permission’ used to express ‘permission’ or ‘request for permission’or ‘request for permission’

4. 4. had betterhad better expressing ‘advice’ or expressing ‘advice’ or ‘suggestion’‘suggestion’

LSP

Unit 4

Watch Look ahead

• What are the mWhat are the modal auxiliariesodal auxiliaries introduced introduced here?here?

Unit 4

11

LSP

LSP ILSP I Asking for and giving information Asking for and giving information about sb.’ ability to do sth. at present, in about sb.’ ability to do sth. at present, in the past, or in the future.the past, or in the future.

1. A: Can June sing well? // Is June good at singing?1. A: Can June sing well? // Is June good at singing? B: B: (Oh, yes. She can sing beautifully.)(Oh, yes. She can sing beautifully.) A: Was she able to / Could she sing so well a year A: Was she able to / Could she sing so well a year

ago?ago? B: B: (No, she wasn’t. / No, she couldn’t. / No, I don’t (No, she wasn’t. / No, she couldn’t. / No, I don’t

think so.)think so.) A: Will she be able to sing even better next year?A: Will she be able to sing even better next year? B: B: (I’m sure she will if she keeps on practising.)(I’m sure she will if she keeps on practising.)

Practice following conversations:Practice following conversations:

Unit 4

Practice:Practice:One asks about the other's hobbies,One asks about the other's hobbies,

using the sentence pattern using the sentence pattern Can you/Are you able to...?Can you/Are you able to...?

Inquiring whether Inquiring whether somebody is/was/will be obliged to do sthsomebody is/was/will be obliged to do sth..

Practice:Practice:One asks about the other's hobbies,One asks about the other's hobbies,

using the sentence pattern using the sentence pattern Can you/Are you able to...?Can you/Are you able to...?

Inquiring whether Inquiring whether somebody is/was/will be obliged to do sthsomebody is/was/will be obliged to do sth..

Unit 4

22

A: Do you have to live on the campus now?A: Do you have to live on the campus now?B: B: (Yes, I do.)(Yes, I do.)A: Did you have to live on the campus last year / when you A: Did you have to live on the campus last year / when you

were in the middle school?were in the middle school?B: B: (No, I didn’t have to then.)(No, I didn’t have to then.)A: Will you have to live on the campus next year / when you A: Will you have to live on the campus next year / when you

are promoted to the second year?are promoted to the second year?B: B: (Oh, yes, I shall still have to live on the campus.)(Oh, yes, I shall still have to live on the campus.)

LSP

LSP IILSP II Listening to the dialogue and fill in Listening to the dialogue and fill in the gaps of the given examples:the gaps of the given examples:


Unit 4

Practice:Practice:

Why do you study EnglishWhy do you study English? ?

Please give reasons, use Please give reasons, use I have to...I have to...

Practice:Practice:

Why do you study EnglishWhy do you study English? ?

Please give reasons, use Please give reasons, use I have to...I have to...

LSP

Unit 4

33

A: Can / May I be excused from the lecture this A: Can / May I be excused from the lecture this week, please? // Do you mind if I miss the lecture this week, please? // Do you mind if I miss the lecture this week?week? B: No, you can’t / may not. // No, I’m afraid not. / I B: No, you can’t / may not. // No, I’m afraid not. / I don’t think it’s possible. don’t think it’s possible. (You must come to the (You must come to the lecture. You mustn’t be absent from the lecture.)lecture. You mustn’t be absent from the lecture.) A: I can make it up next week, can’t I?"A: I can make it up next week, can’t I?" B: B: (Well, you’ll have to come to the next lecture (Well, you’ll have to come to the next lecture anyway.)anyway.) It doesn’t mean that you can miss this one. It doesn’t mean that you can miss this one.

LSP

LSP IIILSP III Asking for permission to do sth, not Asking for permission to do sth, not granting permission to do sth, expressing granting permission to do sth, expressing obligation and prohibition.obligation and prohibition.


Unit 4

44

A: Could you tell me how a Xerox machine works?

B: (I’m afraid I can’t tell you exactly how it works.) You’d better consult an encyclopedia.

A: (Which encyclopedia can tell me that, do you know?)

B: Oh, you’d better go to the Reference Room and ask the librarian.

LSP

LSP IVLSP IV Giving advice and making Giving advice and making suggestions.suggestions.


Unit 4

Language points for LSP IV:Language points for LSP IV:

1.1. xerox machinexerox machine: : photocopier, “Xerox” is a trade photocopier, “Xerox” is a trade mark. mark.

2. 2. magic eyemagic eye: name used for various electronic devices : name used for various electronic devices which control or indicate sth. which control or indicate sth.

3.3.E-mailE-mail: electronic mail: electronic mail e-commercee-commerce: the business of buying and selling : the business of buying and selling

goods and services on the Internetgoods and services on the Internet e-booke-book: a book that is published in electronic form, : a book that is published in electronic form,

for example on the Internetfor example on the Internet or on a disk, and not or on a disk, and not printed on paperprinted on paper


1.1. xerox machinexerox machine: : photocopier, “Xerox” is a trade photocopier, “Xerox” is a trade mark. mark.

2. 2. magic eyemagic eye: name used for various electronic devices : name used for various electronic devices which control or indicate sth. which control or indicate sth.

3.3.E-mailE-mail: electronic mail: electronic mail e-commercee-commerce: the business of buying and selling : the business of buying and selling

goods and services on the Internetgoods and services on the Internet e-booke-book: a book that is published in electronic form, : a book that is published in electronic form,

for example on the Internetfor example on the Internet or on a disk, and not or on a disk, and not printed on paperprinted on paper

LSP

BOOK1Unit4

Xerox machine magic eye fax

Unit 4


e-bankinge-banking: when customers use the Internet to : when customers use the Internet to organize, examine and make changes to their bank organize, examine and make changes to their bank accounts and investments, etc. electronically, or accounts and investments, etc. electronically, or when banks operate accounts and services in this when banks operate accounts and services in this wayway

e-businesse-business: the business of buying and selling goods : the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet, or a particular company and services on the Internet, or a particular company which does thiswhich does this

e-cashe-cash: money from a special bank account which is : money from a special bank account which is used to buy goods and services over the Internet by used to buy goods and services over the Internet by sending information from your computersending information from your computer


e-bankinge-banking: when customers use the Internet to : when customers use the Internet to organize, examine and make changes to their bank organize, examine and make changes to their bank accounts and investments, etc. electronically, or accounts and investments, etc. electronically, or when banks operate accounts and services in this when banks operate accounts and services in this wayway

e-businesse-business: the business of buying and selling goods : the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet, or a particular company and services on the Internet, or a particular company which does thiswhich does this

e-cashe-cash: money from a special bank account which is : money from a special bank account which is used to buy goods and services over the Internet by used to buy goods and services over the Internet by sending information from your computersending information from your computer

LSP

Unit 4

11. King Kublai Khan: 1215–1294, Mongol emperor, foun. King Kublai Khan: 1215–1294, Mongol emperor, founder of the Yuan dynasty of China. der of the Yuan dynasty of China. 忽必烈忽必烈 ((元世祖元世祖 ))

22. King Bruce: Robert Bruce (1274-1329) King of Scotla. King Bruce: Robert Bruce (1274-1329) King of Scotland.nd.

11. King Kublai Khan: 1215–1294, Mongol emperor, foun. King Kublai Khan: 1215–1294, Mongol emperor, founder of the Yuan dynasty of China. der of the Yuan dynasty of China. 忽必烈忽必烈 ((元世祖元世祖 ))

22. King Bruce: Robert Bruce (1274-1329) King of Scotla. King Bruce: Robert Bruce (1274-1329) King of Scotland.nd.

LSP

Unit 4 LSP

the Cape of Good Hopethe Cape of Good Hope

Unit 4

Practice

Practice• Do the substituting exercises according to the language structures.

•Do exercise on your workbook ----- language structures A, B (P. 31)

Unit 4


D I

Consider and answering following questions:Consider and answering following questions:

1. Are you good at taking dictation? How do you 1. Are you good at taking dictation? How do you get high marks in dictation?get high marks in dictation?

2. Are you sick of dictation? What are the 2. Are you sick of dictation? What are the common problems in taking dictation?common problems in taking dictation?

3. What will you do while coming across new 3. What will you do while coming across new words and expressions in dictation?words and expressions in dictation?

StrugglingStruggling with Taking with Taking DictationDictation

Unit 4


D I

Struggling with Taking Struggling with Taking DictationDictation

Listening to the recording and answer the Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this dialoguequestions on specific details of this dialogue

1. What is the most important point in taking 1. What is the most important point in taking dictation?dictation?

2. What are the steps in taking dictation?2. What are the steps in taking dictation?

3. What is a good and effective way to take 3. What is a good and effective way to take dictation?dictation?

BOOK1Unit4 Dialogue I

True or False?

A was encouraged by dictation. B laughed at A’s poor performance. A always had a good start in every dictation. A didn’t try to understand what was dictated. It’s advisable to understand the meaning of dictation in the first reading. We should pay attention to every word.

A was encouraged by dictation. B laughed at A’s poor performance. A always had a good start in every dictation. A didn’t try to understand what was dictated. It’s advisable to understand the meaning of dictation in the first reading. We should pay attention to every word.

BOOK1Unit4


D I

Read the dialogue loudly in pairs Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find out useful expressions of and find out useful expressions of the text.the text.


President Bush has proposed to increase the study of

foreign languages in American schools. The new plan is

called the National[S1] _______ Language Initiative. It

will[S2] ______ the departments of State, Education and

Defense, and the[S3] _______ of National Intelligence.

The plan [S4] ____ for teaching foreign languages to

more children, as early as at the age of four. It also[S5]

____ to increase foreign language

[S6] _________ in college and[S7] ________ school.

Compound Dictation

Security

involve

Director

aims

Back课文小结写作导入

instruction graduate

calls

The hope is to bring more foreign language speakers

into government [S8] ______. And [S9] ____________

_____________________________________ to increase

the number of military officers who speak foreign

languages. Officials say [S10] _____________________

______________________________________________

____________________________________.

Compound Dictation

money would be used to

help foreign-language students pay for their

education in exchange for future service


service it calls for

expanding an effort begun three years ago

The plan also calls for sending more American students

to other countries for part of their college studies. And

[S11] ______________________________

____________________________________________.

it calls for bringing more foreign language

teaching assistants to the United States


Compound Dictation

Watch & Discuss


Directions:

Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:

Video Watching

2. 2. What new light does the video throw on our English study?

1. 1. What insight can we get from the video?

Key

Key

Video-Watching & DiscussionVideo-Watching & Discussion Back

The video presents us a better insight into the close link between the unfamiliar and the familiar. As can be seen from the video, when the teacher teaches children “Do, Re and Mi”, the notes are abstract, meaningless and lifeless to them. Once replaced with the words “Doe—a female deer, Ray—a drop of golden sun and Me—a name I call myself”, however, those notes come to be concrete, meaningful and full of life. Now the children are eager to follow their teacher, thus realizing a good combination of the unknown with the known.

The same holds true for our English learning. For example, when you come across in readingsuch phrases as “far from perfect”, “hunger for knowledge” and “put yourself in others’ shoes”, you may find nothing special in them. But when they are linked to the Chinese expressions “ 远不尽人意”， “求知欲” and “ 设身处地为别人想想” , with which you are familiar, they are now well worth your attention. To sum up, the better combination there is of the unfamiliar and the familiar in your study, the greater interest you will take in the course.

For more

As is known to all, the biggest problem with current English learning is whatever is in books, though good in itself, cannot make its way into our real life. As a result, we are still far from free to express ourselves in English despite six years of effort. Here the video suggests a sound way of learning English, i.e., by bridging the gap between the unfamiliar and the familiar. In other words, the better way we know to make the unknown become known, the better use can be made of our new knowledge in life, and the better sense of English we will enjoy in time to come.

BackVideo-Watching & DiscussionVideo-Watching & Discussion

So the most pressing for us now is to integrate what is good in books into what matters to our daily life. For instance, we are going to learn the sentence “Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends”. If we try to adopt the pattern to express what is on our minds, such as “Now that the new college life is here to challenge us, instead of staying only in our dreams, all we can do is to face up to it with smile”, we will have a strong feeling of achievement in study, for the pattern is no longer the author’s but ours.

Unit 4


D I

Language pointsLanguage points

1. get on one’s nerves (L 5) : worry or annoy e.g. That noise gets on my nerves.


Unit 4

2. end up (L8) to be in a particular place, situation, state, esp.

when you did not plan it

end up

1. prep.He ended up in prison.2. doingSome girls ended up putting weight back on. 3. with sthThe film ended up with laughter.4. adj.If he continues to drive after drink, he’ll end up dead.

Unit 4


D I


3. 3. make sense ofmake sense of: understand: understand E.g. E.g. Can you make sense of what this writer is saying? I can't make sense of terms of computer science. I can't make any/much sense of it.


Unit 4

Word Using 4. count (for sth) (L25) be important or valuable

e.g.e.g.

Believe it or not, most people think

cosmetic surgery really counts in

finding a good job. But I suppose it

counts for little.

Unit 4


D I


4. Every word counts…

count: verb, to have value or importance; to matter

e.g. 1) I've always believed that happiness counts more than mone

y.

2) My opinion doesn't count for anything around here (= no on

e values my opinion).

3) In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playin

g.


Unit 4


D I

Role Play: How to Learn EnglishRole Play: How to Learn English

Liu and Wang are both first-year students in Liu and Wang are both first-year students in the English Department. They are both the English Department. They are both hardworking, but they have different ways of hardworking, but they have different ways of learning the language. They are telling each learning the language. They are telling each other their own ways of language learning. And other their own ways of language learning. And Wang is trying to convince Liu that Liu’s is not Wang is trying to convince Liu that Liu’s is not a good way. See Page 40. a good way. See Page 40.


Assignment

☆ Role-play (P.40 SB) ☆ Read dialogue 1

☆ workbook Reading 1 (p. 32) Translation A (p.36) vocabulary A (p.38)

Giving advice and suggestions

You should (shouldn’t) …

Speaking

Direct expressions for giving advice

More polite expressions for giving advice

You might …

Why don’t you …?

Why not … ?

It might be a good idea to …If I were you, I would (might, should) …It would be just as well …

Useful Expressions

It’s not a good idea to …

I’d rather you didn’t …Don’t you think you should …?


Unit 4


D II

Language point:Language point:

1. 1. interpreterinterpreter: noun [C] someone whose job is to change what : noun [C] someone whose job is to change what someone else is saying into another language:someone else is saying into another language:

E.g. 1) She works as an interpreter in Russia.E.g. 1) She works as an interpreter in Russia.

2) Speaking through an interpreter, the president said 2) Speaking through an interpreter, the president said the terms of the ceasefire were completely unacceptable.the terms of the ceasefire were completely unacceptable.

interpretinterpret (BETWEEN LANGUAGES): verb [I or T] to change (BETWEEN LANGUAGES): verb [I or T] to change what someone is saying into another language. what someone is saying into another language.

E.g. We had to ask our guide to interpret for us.E.g. We had to ask our guide to interpret for us.

Advice and SuggestionAdvice and Suggestion

Unit 4


D II

Language point:Language point:

2. 2. visavisa: noun [C] an official mark made in a passport which allows : noun [C] an official mark made in a passport which allows you to enter or leave a particular country:you to enter or leave a particular country:

E.g. We traveled to Argentina on a tourist visa.E.g. We traveled to Argentina on a tourist visa.

passportpassport: noun [C] : noun [C] a small official document that you get from your a small official document that you get from your government, that proves who you are, and which you need in order government, that proves who you are, and which you need in order to leave your country and enter other countriesto leave your country and enter other countries

E.g. 1) E.g. 1) All people entering the country will need a valid passport .All people entering the country will need a valid passport .

2) passport control (= the examining of travelers' passports)2) passport control (= the examining of travelers' passports)

3) a passport photo3) a passport photo


Unit 4


D II

Practice: work in groups, taking it in turns to ask forPractice: work in groups, taking it in turns to ask for and give advice, using the following situationand give advice, using the following situation

You can not do dictation well enough You can not do dictation well enough

You can’t sleep well at night?You can’t sleep well at night?


Unit 4


D II

PROVERBSPROVERBS

1. 1. Wisdom goes beyond stren Wisdom goes beyond strength.gth.

2. No man is wise at all times.2. No man is wise at all times.

3. He that is full of himself is very empty.3. He that is full of himself is very empty.

4. Necessity is the mother of invention.4. Necessity is the mother of invention.

5. Caution is the parent of safety.5. Caution is the parent of safety.

6. Idleness is the root of evil.6. Idleness is the root of evil.

智慧强于蛮力。智慧强于蛮力。聪明一世，糊涂一时。聪明一世，糊涂一时。

自满之人腹内空。自满之人腹内空。

需要是发明之母。需要是发明之母。

懒惰乃万恶之源。懒惰乃万恶之源。小心驶得万年船。小心驶得万年船。

Unit 4

• Traditional energyTraditional energy

Unit 4

Reading IReading I

R I

Listen to the recording, consider and answer Listen to the recording, consider and answer following questionsfollowing questions

A Source of EnergyA Source of Energy

1. 1. How important is energy to us?How important is energy to us? 2. 2. In what ways does solar energy help us?In what ways does solar energy help us? 3. 3. How can water energy be used?How can water energy be used? 4. 4. What can the power of winds do?What can the power of winds do? 5. 5. How are coal and oil used?How are coal and oil used? 6. 6. Why are people trying to find new sources of energy?Why are people trying to find new sources of energy? 7. 7. Can you name some of the new sources of energy that haCan you name some of the new sources of energy that ha

ve been found?ve been found? 8. 8. What do you think will be the most popular source of enerWhat do you think will be the most popular source of ener

gy in the future?gy in the future?

Unit 4 LSP

Unit 4 LSP

reservoirreservoir

Unit 4 LSP

solar panelsolar panel

solar water heatersolar water heater

BOOK1Unit4

Reading I A Source of Energy

According to Para 4, draw a picture to According to Para 4, draw a picture to show the water cycle with explanatory show the water cycle with explanatory words. words.

Unit 4

Reading IReading I

R I



1. 1. convert:convert: v. to (cause to) change to or into v. to (cause to) change to or into another form, substance, or state, or from one another form, substance, or state, or from one use or purpose at anotheruse or purpose at another e.g. Coal can be converted to gas by burning.e.g. Coal can be converted to gas by burning.

Unit 4

Reading IReading I

R I

A Source of EnergyA Source of EnergyLanguage pointsLanguage points

2. arise2. arise 、、 riserise 、、 rouserouse 、、 arousearouse 、、 raiseraise 的区分：的区分：arisearise （（ arosearose ，， arisenarisen ））1 occur: e.g. Problems arose from the outset. 1 occur: e.g. Problems arose from the outset. 2 arise from“2 arise from“ 起源于”起源于” e.g. Accidents always arise from the e.g. Accidents always arise from the overspeed. overspeed. riserise （（ roserose ，， risenrisen ））v.“v.“ 上升”，上升”，（（ ViVi ）） n.“n.“ 上升，上涨”上升，上涨”give rise to=lead togive rise to=lead to 引起，引起，e.g. The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems. e.g. The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems. rouserouse““ 唤醒”，唤醒”， e.g. I was roused by the sound of the alarm. e.g. I was roused by the sound of the alarm. arousearouse““ 唤起”，如，唤起”，如， arouse one’s interest / sympathyarouse one’s interest / sympathyraise raise 根本含义“使上升”，（根本含义“使上升”，（ 11 ）“举起”）“举起” raise one’s raise one’s handhand （（ 22 ）“提出”）“提出” raise a questionraise a question （（ 33 ）“抚养，相当于）“抚养，相当于bring up” raise childrenbring up” raise children （（ 44 ）“筹集” ）“筹集” raise fundsraise funds

Unit 4

Reading IReading I

R I



3. 3. promisingpromising: (adjective) Something which is promising shows : (adjective) Something which is promising shows signs that it is going to be successful or enjoyable: signs that it is going to be successful or enjoyable: 有希望的有希望的 ,,有前途的有前途的 ,, 大有可为的大有可为的

1) 1) They won the award for the most promising new band They won the award for the most promising new band of the yearof the year

2) 2) "How's your new venture going?" "How's your new venture going?" "It's looking quite promising.”"It's looking quite promising.”

NOTE: The opposite is NOTE: The opposite is unpromisingunpromising..

Unit 4

Reading IReading I

R I

Analysis of the Text:Analysis of the Text:

This text is a piece of expository writing. In this This text is a piece of expository writing. In this text, classification and illustration (examples of text, classification and illustration (examples of energy) are employed to explain the subject energy) are employed to explain the subject matter.matter.

Para. 1: Without energy, there would be Para. 1: Without energy, there would be no life.no life.

Para. 2 - 6: Most of the energy on the Para. 2 - 6: Most of the energy on the earth comes from the sun.earth comes from the sun.

Para. 7: Using different sources of energy Para. 7: Using different sources of energy together is a way to create all of the power together is a way to create all of the power people need.people need.


Unit 4


R II

Sea HarvestSea Harvest

Read the passage, try to make out the main Read the passage, try to make out the main idea, and answer the following questions idea, and answer the following questions

1. In what aspects does the sea help man?1. In what aspects does the sea help man?

2. How are we able to explore deeper 2. How are we able to explore deeper under the sea?under the sea?

Unit 4


R II


Read the passage again, find out useful Read the passage again, find out useful expressions and explain them to your expressions and explain them to your classmates classmates

1. 1. estimateestimate: verb [T] to guess the cost, size, value, etc of : verb [T] to guess the cost, size, value, etc of somethingsomething

1) [+ that] They estimate that a hundred people 1) [+ that] They estimate that a hundred people were killed in the accident.were killed in the accident.

2) The number of dead is estimated at a hundred.2) The number of dead is estimated at a hundred.estimated estimated : adjective an estimated cost: adjective an estimated cost

Unit 4


R II



2. 2. exploreexplore: verb: verb1) LOOK AROUND [I,T] to go around a place where you have 1) LOOK AROUND [I,T] to go around a place where you have never been in order to find out what is there never been in order to find out what is there 勘探勘探 , , 探测探测 ; ; 探险探险

E.g. The children love exploring.E.g. The children love exploring. The best way to explore the countryside is on The best way to explore the countryside is on

foot.foot.2) THINK CAREFULLY [T] to think about something very 2) THINK CAREFULLY [T] to think about something very carefully before you make a decision about it carefully before you make a decision about it 探索探索 , , 研究研究

E.g. We're exploring the possibility of buying a E.g. We're exploring the possibility of buying a holiday home.holiday home.

Unit 4


R II



3. 3. mineralmineral: noun [C]: noun [C]a chemical substance that has formed naturally in a chemical substance that has formed naturally in

foods, in water, or in the ground, or any substance that foods, in water, or in the ground, or any substance that is obtained from the earth by miningis obtained from the earth by mining

1) Minerals and timber are the state's main natural 1) Minerals and timber are the state's main natural resources.resources.

2) Mineral water is natural water containing 2) Mineral water is natural water containing dissolved minerals.dissolved minerals.

Unit 4


R II



4. 4. fish farmfish farm: noun [C] an enclosed area of water used for : noun [C] an enclosed area of water used for breeding and growing fishbreeding and growing fish 养鱼场养鱼场

5. 5. hydroelectrichydroelectric : adjective relating to or producing : adjective relating to or producing electricity by the force of fast moving water such as electricity by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls: rivers or waterfalls: 水力电气的水力电气的 a hydroelectric power stationa hydroelectric power station

Unit 4


R II


Analysis of the Passage: Analysis of the Passage:

This text is a piece of expository writing. In This text is a piece of expository writing. In this text, classification and illustration (the this text, classification and illustration (the riches of the sea) are employed to explain riches of the sea) are employed to explain the subject matter.the subject matter.Para. 1-The sea has served the needs of man.Para. 1-The sea has served the needs of man.Para. 2 - 5: The riches of the sea help Para. 2 - 5: The riches of the sea help mankind survive.mankind survive.Para. 6 - 7: Technology is enabling man to Para. 6 - 7: Technology is enabling man to explore deeper under the sea.explore deeper under the sea.

Unit 4

Reference version• 17 September, 1999• Dear Frank,

• There will be a sports meet on Thursday, 25 September, in our university. Some sports stars will participate to show their skills. Lots of our friends will be here, too. And there will be a tea party afterwards. Call or write to say that you are coming.

• Yours,

• Gerald

Guided WritingGuided Writing

Unit 4

Interaction ActivitiesInteraction Activities

IA

What Do They Mean?What Do They Mean?

Here are a number of notices which you Here are a number of notices which you might see at the back of a ticket, on a might see at the back of a ticket, on a board at the entrance to a restricted board at the entrance to a restricted area, or in some other places. Discuss area, or in some other places. Discuss with your partner to find out where each with your partner to find out where each of the notices might be seen and what of the notices might be seen and what each means. Then fill in the grid with the each means. Then fill in the grid with the results of your discussion.results of your discussion.

Unit 4

• 1. PLEASE ENTER WITHOUT KNOCKING• Place: the typing office, the general affairs office, etc• Meaning: Youmay come in without knocking at the door.

• 2. SILENCE• Place: in a library, a concert hall, a cinema, a hospital, a viseo room,

etc.• Meaning: You mustn't make any noise.

• 3. EMERGENCY EXIT ONLY• Place: in a hotel, a hospital, a theatre, etc.• Meaning: the exit should be used in case of an emergency.

• 4. NOT TRANSFERABLE. VALID DAY OF ISSUE ONLY.• Place: on the back of a ticket of a plane, train, film, etc.• Meaning: The ticket can’t be given to anybody else and it is valid

only on the day it is issued.

Interaction ActivitiesInteraction Activities What Do They Mean?What Do They Mean?

Unit 4

• 5. NO PHOTOGRAPHS• Place: a military establishment, a famous historical site, an

exhibition, etc.• Meaning: You are not allowed to take photographs.• 6. ADMISSION ADULTS 50p, CHILDREN FREE• Place: in an exhibition, a park, a special show for children.• Meaning: Adults must pay 50 pence but chidren are allowed

in free of charge.• 7. COME IN AND LOOK AROUND ----NO OBLIGATION TO BUY• Place: in a shop• Meaning: You may come in and look around but you don't

have to buy anything.• 8. EVENING DRESS OPTIONAL• Place: on a card of invitaion to a dinner party, a premere, a

reception,etc.• Meaning: When you come to a party, etc, it is up to you to

decide whether you wear the evening dress or ot.

Interaction ActivitiesInteraction Activities What Do They Mean?What Do They Mean?

Unit 4

DictationDictation

Listening

Spelling Spelling

tease decently source

electricity focus create

equipment receive passage

solar energy business average

Unit 4

DictationDictation

Listening

Passage Passage dictationdictation

AA

Unit 4 D I

When we take dictation, we must try to get the When we take dictation, we must try to get the main ideas of the dictation passage at the teacher’s main ideas of the dictation passage at the teacher’s first reading. We should not write until the teacher first reading. We should not write until the teacher reads the passage for the second time. We must reads the passage for the second time. We must listen to a sentence as a whole unit, understand its listen to a sentence as a whole unit, understand its meaning and remember its idea. By so doing, the meaning and remember its idea. By so doing, the words will come to us easily and we shall be able to words will come to us easily and we shall be able to get all the words. On the contrary, if we just try to get all the words. On the contrary, if we just try to write down the teacher’s reading word by word write down the teacher’s reading word by word without knowing the meaning of the sentences, we without knowing the meaning of the sentences, we can never get all the words. In that way, we can can never get all the words. In that way, we can never do a good job in dictation. never do a good job in dictation.

Unit 4

DictationDictation

Listening

Passage Passage dictationdictation

BB

Unit 4 D I

The floors of the ocean contain many riches that can be used by men. Oil and some minerals already are taken from the sea. By using nuclear energy, we can remove the salt from ocean water, which can then be turned into fresh water. Food from farms under the sea is a possibility in the future. Food grown in the sea could help to solve the problem of many of the world’s people who go hungry every day. About 10-15% of the world’s people do not have enough food. Some scientists believe that some day the sea will be used to make electric power. This would help to meet the need for more power for the world’s industries. The decreasing supply of coal, oil and gasoline shows that the need to find new kinds of power is urgent.

Unit 4 Listening

Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension

See Workbook P. 6See Workbook P. 6

Unit 4 Listening

Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension

1.1. C C

2.2. B B

3.3. A A

4.4. BB

5.5. CC

6. D 6. D

7. B7. B

8. A8. A

9. D9. D

10. A 10. A

Answers:

Unit 4

Translation:

• 1.--Do I have to take part in the Autumn Sports meet?• ---No, you don't. But I think you'd better participate in it.• 2.If I study hard in college, I'll be able to use English freel

y in four years.• 3.Everyone in the neighbourhood is doing his best to hel

p the poor little girl, but in different ways.• 4.The chairman of the meeting suggested adjourning for

a week so that everyone could have some more time to get fully prepared for the discussion.

• 5.He had to convert all his securities to cash to pay his debt.

• 6.It is what you did, not what you said, that counts.

Unit 4

Unit 4

Tips on Dictation

• Frankly speaking, VOA Special English is not difficult to understand. All narrators speak in a calm moderate speed, and most of all, their intonations and pronunciations are so clear and beautiful that you would never feel doing dictation exercises is a torment or harass, instead it is rather an enjoyment.

Unit 4

• Whereas by doing dictation exercises, your deficiencies on English knowledge, including spelling mistakes, will be defiantly nowhere to hide. The exercise forces you to pay more attention on spelling, punctuation, capital letters

• where necessary etc. and it helps you to choose a correct word according to the meaning of a word from its context.

• For example, we sometimes would mix up two homophony words, like “of” and “off”; “too” and “two”; "series" and "serious" etc. It also happens in two similar-pronounced words. Once we dictated an American story, almost everyone misprinted “oak tree” to “old tree”; “grindstone” to “ground stone”, or “grant stone”, or “grand stone” etc.

Unit 4

• Wide knowledge is also required when listening to reports. The VOA programs provide Development, Agriculture, Health, Education, and Economics Reports in turn during weekdays. Now I have tasted the joys of two months’hard work and I can feel my listening comprehension has improved a bit and my hearing sharpened. In the long term, basic knowledge of reading, listening comprehension, writing, speaking and translation ability must go hand in hand for one ability will surely help the other.

• 　　 That is what I have learned from dictation exercises and I’d like to share it with my forum friends.

Unit 4


D I

Role card 1-You are Liu. Role card 1-You are Liu. You think that it is very important You think that it is very important to know English grammar rules. You try to memorize one to know English grammar rules. You try to memorize one grammar rule each day so as to improve your English. You grammar rule each day so as to improve your English. You try to look up every new word you come across in a try to look up every new word you come across in a dictionary. This way you feel you can learn more new dictionary. This way you feel you can learn more new words. Then you try to translate everything you read in words. Then you try to translate everything you read in English into Chinese. You are confident that unless you do English into Chinese. You are confident that unless you do this you cannot really understand what you read. You are this you cannot really understand what you read. You are not for listening and speaking practice. You think it is a not for listening and speaking practice. You think it is a waste of time. You like to read, but you cannot read fast.waste of time. You like to read, but you cannot read fast.


Unit 4


D I

Role card 2--- You are Wang. You think it is important to know English grammar rules, but you do not think memorizing the grammar rules will help you to improve your English. You are for constant practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing. So you spend a lot of time in the language lab learning to listen and to speak. You read extensively without bothering to look up every new word in your reading. You are keeping a diary in English, and that gives you a lot of practice in writing. Your friend Liu does not learn English as you do.


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