Unit 4 – Organization of Life

Life ScienceSpring 2013-14Ms. Akers

Interactive Body Systems & Scenarios at end of PPT

Unit 4 – Body Systems: Standards

• S7L2d: Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal.

• S7L2e: Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body (i.e., digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control and coordination, and for protection from disease).

• Student Learning Map▫ TOPIC: Organization of Life

▫ KEY LEARNING: The human body is composed of major systems that have differing functions, but all of the systems work together.

▫ UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do the

major body systems have different functions

yet still work together?

Unit 4 - Organization of Life

• Student Learning Map▫ CONCEPT #1: Functions of body systems

▫ LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S):

1. What is the function of each body system?

2. What are the major organs in each body

system?

▫ VOCABULARY: homeostasis, digestive,

excretory, cardiovascular, respiratory,

skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous,

reproductive, lymphatic

Unit 4 – Organization of Life

•So how DO you get from an

organelle to an organism?

organelles cells

tissues organs

organ system organism

EQ: how are organisms organized?

Unit 4 – Organization of Life/Body

systems

• HOMEOSTASIS: the maintenance of a constant and stable internal state in a changing environment.

• Example: Your body getting used to the cold water after jumping into a lake.

• Your body must maintain homeostasis in order for cells to get the nutrients and oxygen it needs.

Unit 4 – Digestive System• FUNCTION:

▫ Breaks down food so that it can be used by the body▫ Works closely with the cardiovascular and excretory

systems.▫ Mechanical dig: where food goes(mouth>anus)▫ Chemical digestion: food doesn’t go.

• ORGANS:▫ Stomach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, small intestine

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Diabetes Gallstones▫ Tooth disease Ulcers

Travel Pattern-Flow of Food:▫ Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Sm. Int.-Lg. Int.-Rectum-Anus

Unit 4 – Cardiovascular System(Also called circulatory system)

• FUNCTION:▫ Circulates blood through the body▫ Helps the body maintain homeostasis

• ORGANS:▫ Cardio= Heart, Vascular= blood vessels

(capillary, artery –blood away from heart, and veins-blood to heart)

• DISEASES/DISORDER▫ Atherosclerosis (heart disease)▫ High blood pressure▫ Heart attack

Unit 4:Blood-Circulatory System)

(Part of Cardiovascular System)

• FUNCTION:▫ Is a connective tissue▫ Carries oxygen and nutrients▫ Average adult human has about 5L of blood

• PARTS:▫ Red blood cells – carries oxygen▫ White blood cells – fights pathogens (virus, bacteria,

infection, etc.)▫ Plasma - fluid part▫ Platelets – in bone marrow; helps blood to clotDISEASE/DISORDER:▫ SICKLE CELL, ANEMIA▫ Travel Pattern – Blood:▫ Veins-RA-RV-PV-LA-LV-Aorta-Arteries (p.607)

Unit 4 – Respiratory System• FUNCTION:

▫ Take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide gases▫ Works with cardiovascular & nervous system to

get oxygen to the cells

• ORGANS:▫ Lungs, alveoli (gas sacs)

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Asthma Influenza▫ Bronchitis Lung cancerTravel Flow of Air & Carbon Dioxide:Nose-Mouth-Throat-Windpipe-Bronchial tubes-Lungs.

Unit 4 – Integumentary System

• FUNCTION:

▫ Covers your body and helps to protect it

▫ Helps rid body of waste (via sweat)

• PARTS/ORGANS:▫ Hair, Nails, Skin -> sweat glands

• DISEASES/DISORDERS

▫ Skin cancer

▫ Eczema

▫ Psoriasis

Unit 4 – Excretory System

• FUNCTION:▫ Get rid of wastes (includes urine, feces,

sweat and carbon dioxide).▫ Similar to custodial/clean up

• ORGANS:▫ Kidney, liver, large intestine, colon, rectum,

skin, bladder

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Bladder cancer▫ Urinary tract infection▫ Kidney stones

CO2

Unit 4 – Nervous System

• FUNCTION:▫ Takes in and responds to information▫ Two parts: Central nervous system (brain and spinal

cord) Peripheral nervous system

• ORGANS:▫ Brain, spinal cord

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Spinal cord injuries▫ Degenerative disk disease▫ Concussion

Unit 4 – Skeletal System

• FUNCTION:▫ Helps support and protect your organs & body▫ Helps muscles to cause movement▫ Some bones make blood cells▫ Human body has 206 bones▫ Provides structure

• ORGANS:▫ Bones

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Osteoporosis▫ Bone cancer▫ Any type of fracture

Unit 4 – Muscular System

• FUNCTION:▫ Controls movement▫ Supported by the

skeletal system▫ Works with the circulatory/cardio system during exercise

• ORGANS:▫ Smooth, cardiac and ▫ skeletal muscle

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Any tear or strain▫ Muscular dystrophy

Unit 4 –Immune System• FUNCTION:Cells and tissues responsible for fighting infections, disease, and foreign substances.

Works with the lymphatic system

• PARTS/Organs:B Cell (White blood cells)- Produce Antibodies (proteins) T Cell (in Thymus gland)–Attack Infected CellsMacrophage cell- digest pathogens (viruses) & activate T cellsPlatelets-Helps blood clot (found in bone marrow)

• DISEASES/DISORDERSAids (Infects T cells & reproduces)AllergiesRheumatoid Arthritis- attack jointsCancer

Unit 4 – Lymphatic System• FUNCTION:

▫ Collects excess fluid and returns it to the blood

▫ Helps the body fight pathogens (immunity)

• ORGANS:▫ Spleen, lymph node, tonsils, appendix

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Leukemia▫ Allergies▫ arthritis▫ Cancer▫ AIDS

Unit 4 – Endocrine System

• FUNCTION:▫ Regulates growth, reproduction & controls

homeostasis (internal stability) using hormone chemicals made by glands and cells.

▫ Examples: reproduction or cell division

• ORGANS:▫ Pancreas, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, spleen

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫ Stunted growth/reproduction▫ Diabetes mellitus▫ Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism▫ Chapter 25 (p. 671)

Unit 4 – Reproductive System

• FUNCTION:▫ Male sex cell is the sperm▫ Female sex cell is the egg▫ Produce offspring (continue the species)▫ Some protists (like paramecium) are one-celled

& produce sexually or asexually (alone) using cilia structures for movement.

• ORGANS:▫ Ovary, testes, or nuclei (paramecium)• DISEASES/DISORDERS:

Aids or any STD (gonorrhea, chlamydia, etc.)• Chapter 26-more details during Unit 5-Heredity

• Student Learning Map▫ CONCEPT #2: Relationship between systems

▫ LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S):

1. Which body systems work together (closely)?

▫ VOCABULARY: All systems.

Unit 4 – Organization of Life

Body Systems – Real World Connections

• Major health concerns for young adults (not in any order).

1. Drug abuse2. Smoking3. Stress4. Teen pregnancy5. Child abuse and neglect6. Alcohol abuse/binge drinking7. Vehicular accidents8. Obesity9. Lack of exercise

Body Systems – Real World Connections

•Websites•http://www.softschools.com/science/human_body/diagram/

•http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html

•Referenced Images:https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=673&q=digestive+system+diagram&oq=Digestive+system&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.3914.7372.0.13713.16.8.0.8.8.0.129.607.6j2.8.0....0...1ac.1.32.img..0.16.656.T9hwa6LBsvM#imgdii=_

Body Systems – Real World Connections

•In your group, discuss the health concern and:

▫Identify the body systems connected to the concern

▫Explain how the body system would be affected

1–

• Tanya went to a restaurant and ate a hamburger. Describe how Tanya used five organ systems to eat and digest her hamburger.

1-Tanya’s Answer

Digestive System-M-E-S-SI-LI-R-A

(Mechanical & Chemical digestion)

Cardiovascular System and

Circulatory System-Veins-RA-RV-PV-LA-LV-A-Arteries (Nutrients in blood)

Respiratory System-Mouth-Throat

Excretory System-Rectum-Anus

2– Body System Connections

•Dr. Charles Blagden spent 45 minutes in a room with an uncooked steak. The temperature in the room measured 126°C (260°F). What do you think happened to Dr. Blagden and the steak? Explain your answer.

2-Dr. Charles Blagden AnswerDue to extreme temperatures, Dr. Blagden’s

homeostasis was disrupted, (not internally stable), and began sweating. Sweat is releasing waste via Excretory system. Also, the steak developed bacteria. Dr. Blagden tenderized the steak releasing bacteria in the air & into his respiratory system. Dr. Blagden’s Lymphatic and Immune system kicked in sending T & B cells via the circulatory system to fight the infectious pathogens. Soon, Dr. Blagden felt sick, noticed and reset the thermostat, then left the building.

3-Body System Connections

▫ Audrey was roller skating all night. When it was time to go she dashed off the floor, collided with another skater, fell backwards, and hurt her wrist so bad she started crying. Identify body systems connected to the concern. Explain how the body system would be affected to heal Audrey’s wrist.

3- Audrey’s Answer

Audrey strained her wrist Muscles (Muscular system). She also, Fractured her wrist bone (Skeletal system). Audrey’s tears was a result, from the Excretory System, of the pain she felt as her Nervous System responding to the painful fall. The Dr. stabilized her wrist with a cast and over time the Circulatory system sent nutrients like calcium to heal her wrist bone (Skeletal system).

4 & 5 Body System Connections

4 - The Rat Workout

5- Infection at Trifecta High

(Found in Holt Science Puzzlers, Twisters, & Teasers) pgs. 45 & 54.