unit 4 package 6
TRANSCRIPT
CBSS SEC 2 GEOGRAPHYUnit 4 : Transport
Package 6
Transport•How do some cities manage traffic congestion?
Strategies to manage traffic congestion
•Making public transport a choice mode•Managing road usage•Other measures
Making public transport a choice mode
• Integrated public transport system•Bus lane schemes•Expansion of rail networks• Increased capacity & frequency of buses and rail
Integrated public transport system•Public transport seen as a whole•MRT, LRT, Bus, Taxi•Ez-link card
Benefits Challenges- More convenient- Increase accessibility- Improve efficiency- More people will want to
take public transport
- Requires extensive planning- Requires lots of money $$$- Not feasible in all countries
Bus lane schemes•Bus lanes are set aside for buses on specific days and time
Bus lane schemes
Benefits Challenges- Buses are able to move
quickly and reduce traffic congestion
- Buses will arrive on schedule even during peak hours
- Attract more commuters to take bus
- Success of bus lane schemes depends on the compliance of other drivers
- Allocating a bus lane may lead to 1 lesser lane for private car users
- May lead to traffic congestion for private car users
Expansion of rail networks• Increase the number of locations that trains can reach
- Build more tracks to ensure that the rail network covers a large area
- Build more stations along the tracks
•Land Transport Master Plan 2013
Expansion of rail networks•Land Transport Master Plan 2013- Rail network will double to 360km in next 20 years- 8 in 10 homes will be located within a 10-minute walk from
a train station
Benefits Challenges- Train have very high
capacities and can transport more people each time
- People can travel to destinations by train, some of which are previously accessible only by car or bus
- Building rail networks is expensive $$$
- Proposed rail lines may cut through housing estates and buildings
- People have to bear with construction noise or give up their house or property to make way for new lines
- Inconvenience for residents & businesses in the area
Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail
•Bigger buses & trains•Arrive more frequently (shorter waiting time)
•Partnership with private transport operators
Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail
Increased capacity & frequency of buses & rail
Benefits Challenges- More people can be
transported to places within a short time
- Increasing the frequency and capacity of buses and trains could be costly $$$
How does traffic congestion affects the environment?
In your groups, • Discuss and write down which of the strategies used will attract you and why. (Only 1)
• Is 1 strategy alone enough to manage traffic congestion?
• You need a presenter who will present your findings to your class.
• You have 3 minutes to prepare your presentation.
Managing Road System
•Road Pricing• Increased parking fee•Enhanced traffic monitoring
Road Pricing• Charge users when they use certain road
Road Pricing
Road Pricing•Adjusted to different congested areas and at different timing
•Discourage the usage of road•Successful in:- Reducing traffic volume on the road during peak hours- Increase average expressway speed during peak hours
Benefits Challenges- High cost discourage driving
during peak hours- Drivers may take alternative
mode of transport
- Traffic is diverted to other roads
- May lead to congestion elsewhere
Increase Parking Fee• Increase the total cost of driving to the CBD area
Benefits Challenges- High parking fees
discourage ownership of private cars
- High parking fees discourage driving to the CBD area
- Drivers may resort to illegal parking to avoid paying high fee
- Illegal parking will cause other road to be congested or pose a danger to other road users
Carpool•Sharing rides with commuters going to the same destination
Benefits Challenges- Lower cost- Environmental friendly- Reduces congestion
- Dangerous as you may be sharing a ride with strangers
Enhanced traffic monitoring•Expressway Monitoring & Advisory System (EMAS)
- Deliver live traffic information to drivers
•Green Link Determining (GLIDE)- Computerise and adjust traffic light according to the traffic condition
Enhanced traffic monitoringBenefits Challenges
- Drivers can avoid places with congestion
- Traffic monitoring only encourages drivers to drive elsewhere and does not reduce the number of vehicles on the road
How does traffic congestion affects the environment?
In your groups, • Discuss and write down which road managing strategy is the most useful and why?
• You need a presenter who will present your findings to your class.
• You have 3 minutes to prepare your presentation.
Telecommuting•Work arrangement where employees work from home or at a location near their home
•Requires technology(Internet connections, telephone, computers, video conference)
Benefits Challenges- Reduced the need to travel- Reduces the congestion- Allows flexibility- Environmental-friendly- Low cost
- Employees must be focus on-task
Encouraging Cycling
•More bicycle-friendly towns • Installation of bicycle lanes & bicycle parking area
•Tampines, Pasir Ris, Ang Mo Kio
Encouraging CyclingBenefits Challenges
- Low cost - Healthy- Environmental-friendly &
sustainable- A convenient mode of
transport with flexibility & mobility
- May be dangerous to all road users if cyclist failed to cycle in the proper manner
- May be dangerous to the cyclist if the bicycle track is too near the road
- Some cities are not suited to cycling due to the layout, traffic conditions or topography
Package 6 homework
•Study the following pages •PG