unit 5: a new global age
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Unit 5: A New Global Age. Nationalism in Europe. Essential Questions: How did nationalism develop a sense of unity between countrymen, as well as competition between nations? How did nationalism lead countries towards imperialism? . Nationalism:. A feeling of sense or pride for your country - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 5: A New Global Age
Nationalism in Europe
• Essential Questions:– How did nationalism develop a sense of unity
between countrymen, as well as competition between nations?
– How did nationalism lead countries towards imperialism?
Nationalism:
• A feeling of sense or pride for your country• When good, will unite a country and increase
productivity• When bad, allows hatred of and competition
with other nations which lead to war
(1) Otto and the Germans
• 1862: Otto von Bismarck (Chancellor of Prussia) starts to unify Germany– Germany was
conglomerate of 39 mini-nations
• Similar culture, language and traditions
Realpolitik
• Definition: Realistic politics based on the needs of the people.– Follows:• Machiavelli’s ideas• Realism• Power, not morals
– Is goal oriented, so it does not use a set of rules; the ultimate goal is most power!
Bismarck Quotes:• “The less people know about how
sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.”
• “A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one.”
• “Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.”
• “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.”
“Blood and Iron”
• Write down what you think “Blood and Iron” means.
Process of Annexation
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
• Otto von Bismarck leads Prussia/Germany against France
• Napoleon III is unsuspecting– `Insulted at dinner by Bismarck, he then declares
war on Germany• Germany is already mobilized– Conquer France in three weeks
Germany’s march to Paris
Second Reich: 1871
• Chancellor: Bismarck• Kaiser: Wilhelm I• Under both, the country industrializes– “Steel production multiplied by 12 in 30 years” – “Coal production multiplied by nearly five in 30
years”– “Manufactures multiplied by four” – “Exports multiplied by three”
Lasting, progressive programs
• Health Insurance Bill of 1883– gave healthcare on local level to the middle class
• Accident Insurance Bill of 1884
• Old Age and Disability Bill of 1889– Gave a pension to retired or disabled peoples
(2) Unifying Italy
• Giuseppe Mazzini tries to unify Italy in the 1830’s.
• Spurs national unity• Very close to a
complete Italy, but are defeated by Austria in 1848
• Count Cavour of Sardinia
• Convinced the French to help dispose of the Austrians.– Beat the Austrians back
• United all of Northern Italy
• Giuseppe Garibaldi• Led 1,000 red shirts to
gain control of the Kingdom of two Sicily's
• Gained an united Southern Italy in 1860
• King Victor Immanuel II– First King of Italy in 1861– Made peace with Austria– United all sections of
Italy together– Made the Capital Rome
(3) Russia and Nationalism
• Russia had land and resources– Lacked ability to access their resources
• Tsar Alexander II – Emancipation of serfs in 1861– Creation of local governments led by zemstvos• Local officials were then represented in the Duma
“Forced Nationalism”
• Tsar demanded Russification• Everyone had to speak Russian, wear Russian clothes, follow
Russian customs. • Russian Orthodox Church was only religion tolerated
– Supported the Tsar
• Russian officials also governed non-Russian zemstvos– Less than half of Russia consists of Russians
» Others: Cossacks, Georgians, Mongols, Jews, Poles, Fins, etc.
Russia Expands
• Industrialization from 1867-1920’s– Allows Russia to gain
several territories• Finland• Poland• Manchuria
– Russia can build a Trans-Siberian RR
Trans-Siberian Railroad
• Started by Alexander II• Completed in 1905• Stretches 5,772 miles• Connects East and West
Russia– Physically unites as a
nation!
Expansion of the US
• Manifest Destiny– Desire of America to
expand from “sea to sea”• US expands through
buying territory and war– 1803: Louisiana Purchase– 1845: Texas Annexation– 1846: Oregon Country– 1848: Mexican Cession– 1867: Alaskan Purchase
American Civil War
• Abolition movement– Frederick Douglas
– Dred Scott Affair• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Secession– 11 states “leave” the
USA
• Civil War: 1861-1865– 13th Amendment– 14th Amendment