Warm Up

① Pull out your America the Story of Us questions from yesterday

② You have 3 minutes to fill in any blanks that you are missing

③ We will resume the video as soon as your time is up!

Texas Independence & The Mexican American War

TEXAS INDEPENDENCE

Spanish Texas I.  Spain originally

controlled all of Mexico including Texas.

II.  In 1821 Mexico

gained its independence from Spain

Migration Into Texas I.  Americans were invited

to settle the region of Tejas by the Mexican government in 1821

A.  Settlers are required to become Mexican citizens

B.  Follow Mexican laws II.  American settlers

disagreed with Mexico over slavery, religion and language

Tensions Rise in Texas I.  In 1829, the Mexican

government outlawed slavery. II.  American settlers wanted to

keep their slaves III.  The Americans also didn’t want

to learn Spanish or follow Mexican laws.

IV.  Texans soon began discussing seceding from Mexico and forming their own country

Texas Revolution I.  General Antonio Lopez de

Santa Anna sent to put down Texas Revolution and gain control over Mexico

II.  He orders the siege of the Alamo à Spanish Mission where Texas rebels are hiding out

A.  Wants to execute them all so that the revolution is over

The Alamo 1836 à

ß The Alamo 2015

Texas War For Independence I.  Texas and Mexico will fight a 2 month long war

over Texas independence: A.  The Alamo: first battle à all Texas rebels dead B.  Goliad: 300 more Texans executed by Santa Anna C.  San Jacinto: Sam Houston defeats Mexican army in 18

minutes

II.  Treaty of Velasco signed May 14, 1836 A.  Texas is an independent nation free from Mexico B.  Failed to establish a proper border between Mexico and

Lone Star Republica

Lone Star Republic I.  In 1836, Texas declared itself The

Lone Star Republic. II.  Many Americans wanted Texas to

join the U.S.

III.  After 9 years as a Republic Texas will be annexed by the United States and become the 28th state of the United States

IV.  Texas will join the United States as the 14th slave state in 1845

THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR

Annexation of Texas

I.  Many Texans want to join the U.S. after it became independent.

A.  Texas was annexed into USA in 1845

II.  Mexico warned the U.S. to not annex, or take control of Texas

A.  USA did it anyway

III.  President James K. Polk offered to buy California, Utah, Arizona & Nevada

A.  Mexicans were convinced the U.S. intended to take the entire continent.

B.  They refused to sell the land http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000098.jpg

President Polk

The War Begins

I.  April 25, 1846 Mexican and American forces clashed in disputed territory

A.  Texas boundary dispute B.  Both USA and Mexico claim they own the land in

question C.  11 American soldiers killed

II.  U.S. declared war two days later III.  American armies moved into California, New

Mexico, and Texas to defend territories A.  California and New Mexico surrendered

Mexican American War: Invading Mexico

I.  Zachary Taylor led 6,000 U.S. troops into Mexico II.  Santa Ana led an army of 20,000 III.  Both met near Monterey, Mexico in 1847

A.  Santa Ana retreated

Battles I.  General Winfield Scott

led navy to Vera Cruz and captured the city

II.  Scott and the American

army marched to Mexico City

A.  American forces captured the city in 1847

I.  Mexico surrendered

February 2, 1848

Battle of Vera Cruz fought in March of 1847

The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848

http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/nashbrief_awl/chapter13/medialib/nash-visual22.gif

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo I.  Officially ended the Mexican-

American War in 1848 II.  Mexican Cession à land given to

the USA after Mexican-American War

III.  Present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, & parts of Arizona, New Mexico, & Wyoming

IV.  Mexico was paid $15 Million A.  Another $3 million in debt was

forgiven V.  Increased Size of the U.S. by

almost 25% http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/forts/images/treaty.html

The Mexican Cession I.  Americans began to flood into the

Southwest II.  Discrimination forced many Mexicans out

of the territory A.  High Taxes & Racism

Mexican Cession

http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/mexican_cession.jpg

Gadsden Purchase of 1853 I.  U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for southern

parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

II.  This land was needed for the expansion of the Railroads.

Manifest Destiny is Fulfilled The belief that the United States, having the best government and culture in the world, had the right

and duty to control all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was also based on racism, that Americans were superior to Indians and Mexicans, which meant they had the right to these lands.

The End of Expansion I.  Following the Gadsden Purchase the United

States has completed Manifest Destiny

II.  The nation now expands from Atlantic to Pacific oceans

III.  American settlers will begin filling in the new territories at a rapid pace

IV.  Technological advances will shape the development of the west.