unit i: the first civilizations and empires chapters 1, 2, 3. · unit i: the first civilizations...

Unit I: The First Civilizations and Empires

Chapters 1, 2, 3.

SS.912.W.1.1: Use timelines to establish cause and effect relationships of historical events.

SS.912.W.1.2: Compare time measurement systems used by different cultures.

SS.912.W.1.3: Interpret and evaluate primary and secondary sources.

SS.912.W.1.4: Explain how historians use historical inquiry and other sciences to understand the past.

SS.912.W.1.6: Evaluate the role of history in shaping identity and character.

Sit anywhere

Syllabus

Binder Organization; Three Ring Binder 3 Dividers (Keep current warm up in front) Notes

Vocabulary

Assignments

Class Website

Overview of classroom rules/procedures

First day Warm Up

1. What was the most interesting historical fact you learned last year?

2. What are you looking forward to learning most about this year? (World History)

3. SRQ: Describe the role you think religion will play in the scope of this class (World History), is it important, why or why not?

Vocabulary: None today Rosie the Riveter Propaganda

poster WWII first used 1942

Question: Describe three goals you hope to achieve this school year (academically)

Try to go deeper then “Get an A” explain how, or what, you

will do to reach these goals.

Standard: SS.912.W.1.6: Evaluate the role of history in shaping identity and character.

1. What is the main reason why students usually struggle in any class (grade wise)?

2. Based on the Units we discussed yesterday what do you think will be your favorite unit, why?

3. Short Answer: Describe the main uses of the class website, is this something you should use on a regular basis?

Vocabulary: Prehistory, Artifact

Question: What is the difference between archaeology and anthropology? Which one interest you more personally, why?


(56PTS) 1. Prehistory

2. Archaeology

3. Artifact

4. Anthropology

5. Homo Sapiens

6. Neanderthal

7. Paleolithic Age

8. Nomad

9. Bronze Age

10. Culture

11. Civilization

12. City-State

13. Theocracy

14. Polytheistic

15. Cuneiform

16. Dynasty

17. Pharaoh

18. Mummification

19. Hieroglyphics

20. Monotheistic

21. Caste System

22. Reincarnation

23. Dharma

24. Nirvana

25. Silk Road

26. Pilgrim

27. Aristocracy

28. Mandate of Heaven

Word

Definition: This is

where you write the

definition of the

word. USE YOUR

OWN WORDS, NOT

THE TEXTBOOK

DEFINITION.

Vocabulary Poster: 10pts

Question: What is the difference between archaeology and anthropology? Which one interest you more personally, why?


1. What is the main change between the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages (stone age) and the Bronze Age?

2. What type of states/countries do you think would utilize a Theocracy?

3. SRQ: What does it mean to be nomadic? Provide an example of someone who lives a nomadic lifestyle.

Vocabulary: Civilization, City-State

St. Peters Square

Question: What are the purpose of timelines, why do you think I have you do a timeline project at the beginning of each Unit?


(30PTS)

Darius begins to expand Persian Empire

Paleolithic Age Begins

Bronze Age Ends

Siddhartha Gautama is born

Indus River valley civilization begins

Hammurabi comes to power

Systematic Agriculture develops

Neolithic Age

Cuneiform writing invented

Confucius is born

Directions:

Using your textbook;

1. Put these events in the right chronological

order,

2. Also include a picture symbolizing EACH event.

3. Answer the questions below on the BACK of the

timeline in 3-5 sentences.

1. Who is Siddhartha Gautama, and why are

they an important figure?

2. What is systematic agriculture, and how

did it change the world?

3. Describe Hammurabi’s Code of Laws, how

would laws like this work in todays

society? (make up 2 modern day laws)

Pg. 17, 34, 68 (use these pages to find

the dates for the timeline events.)

Question: What are the purpose of timelines, why do you think I have you do a timeline project at the beginning of each Unit?


1. What is Hammurabi known for?

2. Based on the timeline from yesterday, is there anything you are looking forward to during this unit, why or why not?

3. SRQ: What do you think ALL early CIVILIZATIONS have in common, why?

Vocabulary: Monotheistic, Aristocrat

Hammurabi’s Code on a clay tablet

Question: What are some common elements found on maps? Why are they there?


(30PTS) Using chapters 1-3 in the

textbook locate and chart the following areas on your map. (approximations are okay)

Make sure you include each symbol/color in your key.

Countries: • United States

• Canada

• Iraq

• Syria

• Egypt

• Italy

• France

• China

• Russia

• Uganda

• Brazil

• Japan

• Chile

• England

• Australia

• Iceland

• India

• Vietnam

• Sweden

• Finland

Major Cities • Rome

• Washington DC

• Hiroshima

• Vatican City

• Glasgow

• San Francisco

• Thebes

• Moscow

• Sydney

• Paris

Oceans/River • Pacific Ocean

• Atlantic Ocean

• Gulf of Mexico

• The Nile River

• The Red Sea

• The Mediterranean Sea

• The Amazon

• The Tigris River

• The Euphrates River

• The Yellow River

Question: What are some common elements found on maps? Why are they there?


1. What are two things needed on a map to fully understand it?

2. When you hear the term city-state what do you think of?

3. Short Answer: How do you think people handled “laws” during the prehistoric times?

Vocabulary: Bronze Age, Archaeology

Question: Describe two ways we know about ancient civilizations that existed before written records.

Standard: SS.912.W.1.4: Explain how historians use historical inquiry and other sciences to understand the past.

Prehistory refers to the period of time prior to writing. In order for historians to construct ideas/theories of how people lived during this time they rely on other sciences such as; Archaeology: The study of past societies

through an analysis of what was left behind (artifacts)

Archaeologist examine artifacts such as tools, pottery, paints, weapons.

Anthropology: The study of human life and culture.

Anthropologists use artifacts and the remains of humans (fossils) to determine how people lived their lives.

Archaeological excavation at a 3800 year old

site in Edgewater Park, Iowa

An example of

forensic

anthropology

Archaeologist and Anthropologist utilize many scientific methods while conducting their research.

The dating of artifacts and fossils help scientist understand the growth of early societies.

One of the methods they use is called radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dating measures the carbon left in

a former living thing and is accurate for things up to 50,000 years old.

Thermoluminescence dating measures the light given off by electrons and is relatively precise up to 200,000 years.

Excavation of a location believed to

be the Ancient City of Troy.

Even with these forms of dating much of prehistory still depends on guesswork and is constantly changing.

The believed theory of human development:

Hominids (3.5million years ago) -> Homo erectus (1.5 million years ago) Homo Sapiens (250,000 years ago).

Homo Sapiens then split into two different groups

Neanderthals (dated between 100,000 and 30,000 B.C.)

They relied on stone tools and buried their dead. (maybe believed in the after life), made clothes from the skin of animals they killed.

Homo Sapiens Sapiens: Anatomically modern (looked like us). Began to spread out of Africa around 100,000 years ago.

By 30,000 B.C. Homo Sapiens Sapiens had replaced Neanderthals, and by 10,000 BC they could be found throughout the world.

Examples of stone tools used during the

Paleolithic Age (stone age)

From 2,500,000 BC to 10,000 BC humans used simple STONE tools, this time period is referred to as the Paleolithic age, or Stone Age.

During the Stone Age people were nomadic hunter and gatherers who “followed the food”

During the Stone Age they developed better weapons and tools such as spears and fish hooks.

The Women were the primary gatherers, while the Men were the hunters.

Stone Age humans lived in caves and eventually they began to live in simple wooden structures or basic structures covered in animal hides.

For over 500,000 years humanoids have been using fire, starting with the Homo Erectus,

Fire was important for creating warmth and also scaring away wild animals.

Historians also believe that fire fostered a sense of community as early peoples gathered around them.

They also believe that fire was caused by friction, then later on certain types of stone.

Fire was VITAL for early humans surviving the last Ice Age which lasted between 100,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.

We get much of our prehistory from paintings in caves.

These paintings ranged from animals that they hunted, to scenes of daily life. The animals were very “lifelike” while humans were mostly in stick figure forms.

The Neolithic or the New Stone Age 8,000-4,000 BC is signified by the transition from hunter-gatherer to growing of food on a regular basis called systematic agriculture.

Farming and the domestication of animals led to a stable source of food, they also used animals as tools, and this is what many historians refer to as the most important revolution in the world. The Agricultural Revolution

Steady sources of food paved the way for people to live in permanent settlements, which paved the way for communities and civilization.

Question: Describe two ways we know about ancient civilizations that existed before written records.


1. What is the major difference between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Age??

2. How does farming pave the way towards permanent settlement?

3. Short Answer: How would the world be different today if there was no farming? How would society exist? Would it be as large?

Vocabulary: Culture, Civilization

Question: (Answer now) How do you think permanent settlements effect people, compared to their lifestyles of hunting and gathering, what are some predicted effects of this change?


Farming developed across the world in many different locations all around 8,000BC to 4,000BC.

These early farming villages are referred to as Neolithic Farming Villages, they were located in Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica.

These villages were still small in both size and population.

Since people now didn’t need to strive for food it paved the way for new things such as artisans.

Early farming snowballed into a series of discoveries that changed the way the world worked.

It led to increased trade, permanent settlement, it also divided men and women further by having men be the primary workers, while women stayed at home and took care of the children. Prior to this the work load was split more evenly.

The use of metals, first copper, and then Bronze marked the beginning of a new time period.

The Bronze Age is from roughly 3,000 to 1,200 BC. The Bronze Age transformed into the Iron Age around 1,000 BC.

Now that people began to live in permanent settlements the development of culture: or a way of life that people follow, began to develop. It also paved the way towards civilization, or a complex

culture in which a number of humans share common elements.

Along with civilizations came governments, religions, social structures, and writing.

What was the root cause of all this development?

Mesopotamia was located in the “land between the rivers” in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Because this land had such good soil it was able to support an early civilization.

Even though this area had relatively little rain, its rivers routinely flooded which made the land great for growing crops.

Since flooding of the rivers was vital to farming it led to people creating systems where they could control the flow and the flooding of the river. This led to irrigation.

The first civilization was in Sumeria.

By 3,000 BC a number of cities had popped up in Mesopotamia, which led to the forming of city-states.

The Sumerians believed that the gods and goddesses owned their cities and spent a lot of their wealth on building temples.

Priest and Priestesses who ran the temples had tremendous power, and it paved the way toward a theocracy. (Rule by religious leaders), they also believed that the Kings were appointed by god.

Summerian City-States were made up of three major social groups: nobles, commoners, and slaves, and over 90% of the population were farmers.

The Invention of the wheel around 3,000 BC made the transportation of goods easier.

By 1792BC a new empire took control of Mesopotamia.

Hammurabi create this kingdom, and his legacy came in the form of Hammurabi’s Code. Hammurabi’s Code is a collection of

282 Laws.

It was based on a system of STRICT JUSTICE, penalties for criminal offenses were severe and varied according to the social class of the victims.

The Code of Hammurabi utilized the principle of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”

This law held people accountable for crimes, the city officials were responsible for finding peoples lost items, or else they had to replace those items.

Builders were held responsible as well. If someone built a house and that house collapsed and killed the home owners son, then the builders son would be put to death.

The largest category focused on marriage and family.

Ancient Mesopotamia was patriarchal (dominated by men) and laws favored them.

A man could divorce, or even drown his wife for certain actions such as being neglectful around the home.

Members of different levels of society were treated different, ex) citizens versus slaves.

Hammurabi’s Code Primary Source Worksheet

Question: (Answer now) How do you think permanent settlements effect people, compared to their lifestyles of hunting and gathering, what are some predicted effects of this change?


1. Who created the system of strict justice, that utilized things such as an eye for an eye?

2. Where is one of the “First Civilizations” thought to have began? Why would it begin there?

3. Short Answer: Do you think the practice of “an eye for an eye” would work as a law system? Why/why not?

Vocabulary: Cuneiform, Theocracy

Question: Why is writing essential to the study of history? Do you think it is important to have different points of view from the past?

Standard: SS.912.W.1.3: Interpret and evaluate primary and secondary sources.

Sumerians are credited with the worlds oldest writing system, cuneiform (3,000bc). This was a wedge based form of writing where they put

impressions on clay.

Men desired to become scribes, or writers. This was a starting job leading towards political careers.

Writing is very important to history as it allows people to communicate in new ways and pass down knowledge from one generation to another.

Sumerians also invented the wagon wheel to transport people and goods, the potters wheel to shape contains, the sundial to tell time, and the arch (architecture). They were also very advanced in mathematics, and

astronomy.

Their number system was based on 60, which is why we still utilize an hour system built around 60.

The Epic of Gilgamesh Handout

SUMMARIZATION PRACTICE (25PTS)

The Epic of Gilgamesh is presented in twelve Tablets and is considered one of the first great pieces of literature.

The point of this assignment is to read the

Super short version

Short Version

Longer Version

Once you see how they summarize, you will practice by summarizing your favorite movie in 3 different ways. (School appropriate movie, no drugs etc.)

1st: You will summarize your favorite in 3-5 Paragraphs

2nd: You will summarize your favorite movie in 1 Paragraph

3rd: You will summarize your favorite movie in 140 characters.

The point of this is to see how you can take complex ideas/stories and break them down to their bare bones.

Question: Why is writing essential to the study of history? Do you think it is important to have different points of view from the past?


1. Which civilization is believed to have invented the first form of writing, and who was responsible for it?

2. How is the creation of writing extremely important to the development of history?

3. Short Answer: What did you think of the story in the Epic of Gilgamesh?

Vocabulary: Hieroglyphics, Dynasty

Question: What is the difference between monotheistic and polytheistic?


The Nile river is the longest river in the world spanning more than 4,000 miles. It also flows North.

Similar to the Tigris and Euphrates of Mesopotamia the Nile flooded routinely. This was referred to as the Miracle of the Nile.

The Egyptians relied on their isolation by natural barriers, and this allowed them to flourish as a country.

Egyptians were polytheistic, which means they believed in many gods. The Egyptian ruler or Pharaoh were though to be the Son of the Sun God.

The History of Egypt begins around 3100 BC when Menes the king united Upper (Southern) and Lower (Northern) Egypt and created the first Dynasty.

Historians have divided Egypt into three major periods known as;

The Old Kingdom 2700-2200BC

The Middle Kingdom 2050-1652 BC

The New Kingdom 1567- 1085 BC

Who is this?

The Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 to 2200 BC, the monarchs were powerful rulers, and were referred to as Pharaohs.

Egyptian Pharaohs had ultimate power, meaning they could do whatever they wanted. They also utilized the help of someone called a Vizier who was in charge of the governmental bureaucracy.

The pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom, and were dedicated the to dead. Each pyramid was part of a larger structure, with the largest of the pyramids being reserved for the Pharaoh and the smaller ones for their family.

Inside of the pyramids were rooms stocked with chairs, boats, chests, weapons, foods.

In order to preserve the body Egyptians utilized mummification, which is a processes designed to slowly dry a body to prevent it from rotting.

Liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines were removed from the body and placed into special jars. The brain was also removed through the nose.

The mummification processes lasted roughly 70 days.

One of the most famous pyramids is Giza, which was constructed around 2540 BC and is thought to have taken over 100,000 workers 20 years to complete.

Guarding this pyramid is the Sphinx, historians are not sure what the significance of the Sphinx is.

This was the largest pyramid ever constructed.

When the Old Kingdom collapsed Egypt underwent a period of chaos.

Once the middle kingdom was stabilized it was the “Golden Age” of Egypt.

In the middle kingdom the Pharaohs were not only “god-kings” but were supposed to provide for their people.

They did this through public works such as draining swamplands and creating a canal between the Red Sea and the Nile to increase trading.

The Hyksos used horse-drawn chariots to overwhelm Egyptian soldiers and for over 100 years the Hyksos ruled over the Egyptians.

Eventually the Egyptians used technologies/techniques learned from the Hyksos (bronze weapons, and military skills (chariots)), to overtake the Hyksos and a new dynasty of Pharaohs was established.

The New Kingdom lasted from 1567-1085 BC.

The New Kingdom also held some of the most well known Pharaohs.

Hatshepsut (the first woman Pharaoh)

Tutankhamen (King Tut, the boy-pharaoh)

Ramses II.

The New Kingdom collapsed in 1085 BC as they were attacked by what they called the “Sea Peoples”

Writing also came to Egypt around 3,000 B.C.

Their writings were known as Hieroglyphics.

Egyptian arts had a very unique look that lasted for thousands of years.

They were also very advanced in geometry, and mathematics.

They also developed an accurate 365 day calendar based on the movements of the moon.

Question: What is the difference between monotheistic and polytheistic?


1. Describe two things about the ruling class in Egypt.

2. During which kingdom were the Pyramids built?

3. Short Answer: Similar to in Sumeria the Egyptians relied on a river, what was the “Gift of the Nile,” could civilization have flourished without this?

Vocabulary: Mummification, Dynasty

Question: What do King Tut and Hatshepsut have in common? What is “special” about each of them compared to other Pharaohs?


King Tut handout

Hatshepsut handout (reading only)

Question: What do King Tut and Hatshepsut have in common? What is “special” about each of them compared to other Pharaohs?


1. Where was King Tut’s tomb discovered, and when?

2. What was a unique characteristic of Hatshepsut?

3. Short Answer: What were some of the objects that the Pharaohs were buried with in their Pyramids or in the Valley of the Kings?

Vocabulary: Mummification, Aristocracy

Question: (Answer now) What are three things you can do tonight to help you prepare for the upcoming quizzes?


(24PTS)

1. When were the Egyptian pyramids created, and what was their primary purpose?

2. Describe the early forms of writing, Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics. Where were they created, what did they look like, when do we believe they started?

3. What were all early civilizations centered around, why was this important?

4. What was the major change that forever changed how people lived? Why was it so important?

5. Describe the differences between the Stone Age, The New Stone Age, and the Bronze Age. Especially focus on the main difference between the Stone Age and New Stone Age.

6. Describe Hammurabi’s Code, what was effective about it, was it fair to all people?

7. Create 2 different scenarios using laws from Hammurabi’s Code. Make sure you show knowledge about how different classes were treated under the law.

8. How do we know about people before the written language? (Focus on the two other sciences we have talked about)

Class vote between

Bingo

Baseball

Basketball

Football

1. What characteristic did all early civilizations share?

2. What came first the Bronze Age or the Iron Age?

3. Short Answer: What was special about both King Tut and Hatshepsut compared to the other Pharaohs?

Vocabulary: Reincarnation, Dharma

Question: What did you do to prepare for the quiz today? Should you have done something more?


Please silently read Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2 starting on page 68, or work SILENTLY on work from another class.

Any talking will result in reduced grades on your quiz, up to and including a zero.

1. Who was “King Tut” and why is he one of the most well known Egyptian Pharaohs?

2. How do you think the Egyptians moved these massive stones that weighed many thousands of pounds without today’s power equipment?

3. Short Answer: Why would people volunteer, or even pay to become soldiers in a lot of ancient societies?

Vocabulary: Aristocracy, Homo Sapiens

Ancient Persian

Soldiers

Question: What type of religion did the Ancient Persians practice, was this a monotheistic or polytheistic religion?


Read ch. 2 section 3

P 54-60

Answer #1-8

Read ch. 2 section 4

P 61-64

Answer #1-8

Question: What type of religion did the Ancient Persians practice, was this a monotheistic or polytheistic religion?


1. How were the religions of Judaism and Zoroastrianism similar?

2. What are the Phoenician people best remembered for?

3. Short Answer: Why did people exist as nomads prior to agricultural societies?

Vocabulary: Pilgrim, Anthropology

Question: Why would the belief in reincarnation be very important for lower caste members in Ancient India?


Similar to Mesopotamia and Egypt early civilizations emerged in river valleys between 3000bc and 1500bc.

At their height some of these civilizations such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had 35,000-40,000 inhabitants.

These early Indian civilizations also traded with the civilizations in Mesopotamia.

Most of this trade took place through the Persian Gulf.

India utilized something called a Caste System. This was a set of rigid social categories that determined a persons occupation and economic potential, and their position in society.

In India the word for caste is Jati, and there are thousands of Jati in India. They are based upon a persons occupation and extended family network.

In addition to Jati’s they also have four major social classes called Varnas, the top two classes were the priests and the warriors.

Brahmans: Priest class, and they were considered to be at the top of the social scale and were in charge of religious ceremonies.

Kshatriyas: The Warrior class

Vaisyas: Commoners, most people in this group were merchants or farmers.

Sudras: Made up the largest bulk of Indian population and were peasants who did manual labor, they had very limited rights in society.

Untouchables: The Untouchables were so low they were not even considered part of the Caste System. They made up about 5% of the population and their jobs were menial tasks such as garbage collection and handling dead bodies.

Hinduism had its origins around 1500 BC.

Early Hinduism focused on the existence of a single god known as Brahman and it was the followers duty to seek to know the ultimate reality (atman) so they would merge with Brahman after death.

By the sixth century BC the idea of Reincarnation appeared in Hinduism.

After a number of reincarnations in the earthly world the soul reaches its final goal in a union with Brahman.

According to Hindu belief all living souls hope to achieve this Union.

Core to the Hindu belief was the idea of Karma, or the force generated by a persons actions that determine how the person will be reborn in the next life. So according to their beliefs what people do in their current

lives determine what they will be in their next life.

This is how they justified the caste system, as the reason you were in that particular caste is because of what you have done in a previous life.

Dharma was the divine law, or the belief that the higher up the caste system you were, the more was expected of you.

The system of reincarnation was the religious basis for class divisions in Indian Society, it granted hope to those on the lower ladder of life as they believed if they lived properly the would improve their conditions in the next life.

Hinduism eventually evolved to having hundreds of gods, and is still the religion of the vast majority of Indian People.

Hinduism Worksheet

Question: Why would the belief in reincarnation be very important for lower caste members in Ancient India?


1. Which group of Indian people were so “low” on the Caste system that they are essentially not included?

2. What was/is the importance of Karma in the Hindu religion?

3. Short Answer: According to the Hindu religion what was the purpose of karma and reincarnation?

Vocabulary: Silk Road, Dharma

Question: How do you think the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold path would help the followers of Buddhism reach their ultimate goal of Nirvana?


In the 6th Century BC a new religion called Buddhism appeared in northern India and became a rival of Hinduism.

Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One”

Read pg. 78-79 for the Story of the Buddha.

1. Ordinary life is full of suffering.

2. This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves.

3. The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals and to see others as extensions of ourselves.

4. The way to end desires to follow the middle path.

Right view: We need to know the Four Noble Truths

Right intention: We need to decide what we really want

Right speech: We must seek to speak truth and to speak well of others

Right action: The Buddha gave five precepts: “Do not kill. Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not be unchaste. Do not take drugs or drink alcohol”

Right livelihood: We must do work that uplifts our being.

Right effort: The Buddha said, “Those who follow the Way might well follow the example of an ox that arches through the deep mud carrying a heavy load. He is tired, but his steady, forward-looking gaze will not relax until he comes out of the mud.”

Right mindfulness: We must keep our minds in control of our senses: “All we are is the result of what we have thought”

Right concentration: We must meditate to see the world in a new way.

Siddhartha accepted the idea of reincarnation but rejected the Hindu division of human beings into rigid castes.

He taught that all human beings could reach nirvana as a result of behavior in this life, and this made Buddhism appeal to the downtrodden people on the lower end of the social scale.

Siddhartha also forbid his followers to worship either his person or his image after his death, so many view Buddhism as a philosophy rather than a religion.

The Buddha died in 480BC at the age of 80, after his death his followers traveled throughout India spreading his message.

The Silk Road “Crash Course”

Buddhism Handout

Buddhism Handout is Homework

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg

Question: How do you think the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold path would help the followers of Buddhism reach their ultimate goal of Nirvana?


1. What is the Buddha’s real name?

2. During which time period did Buddhism begin to spread?

3. Short Answer: What do Buddhists believe is their ultimate goal? What are some things they can do to help themselves achieve this goal?

Vocabulary: Reincarnation, Mandate of Heaven

Question: List one major idea associated with Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.


Read ch 3 section 3 pgs. 88-97

Answer #1-8

Read ch 3 section 4 pgs. 98-103

Answer#1-8

Question: List one major idea associated with Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.


1. What is an Aristocracy?

2. What is a Mandate of Heaven, which society practiced this?

3. Short Answer: Name at least one detail of each of the religions/philosophies covered in the last chapter.

Vocabulary: Pilgrim, Artifact

Question: What did you struggle with on the previous quiz? How can you strengthen this area before the exam?


(21PTS)

1. What is the main cause for the shift from nomadic hunter-gatherers to living in complex permanent settlements?

2. Why did all early civilizations begin around rivers, what did the river provide? (besides water).

3. What similarities do Hinduism and Buddhism possess, do they have anything in common with Daoism or Confucianism?

4. Describe how the Caste System worked in tandem with Hindu beliefs about reincarnation.

5. Explain the difference between monotheism and polytheism and provide examples of religions that fit each category.

6. What is the difference between an Oligarchy, Emperor, and a Theocracy?

7. Compare the ideas of the Indian Caste System with peoples jobs and responsibilities (in America) today. How do they differ, how are they similar?

unit i: the first civilizations and empires chapters 1, 2, 3. · unit i: the first civilizations...

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