unit source area monitoring
DESCRIPTION
69th SWCS International Annual Conference “Making Waves in Conservation: Our Life on Land and Its Impact on Water” July 27-30, 2014 Lombard, ILTRANSCRIPT
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Unit Source Area Monitoring with Grade Control Pipe
InstrumentationSeth Dabney, Glenn Wilson, J.R. Rigby, and James Bonta
USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory
Oxford, MS, US
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Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed•Area - 21.3 sq. km
•Operation 1981-pres.•Instrumentation:
30 rain gauges13 supercritical flumes5 pump sampler sites3 edge-of-field sites
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Land Use Change by Decade
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Fractio
n of W
atershed
Area
Year
Grassland
Forestland
Cropland
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Edge-of-field sample locations
Timber 29 acres
Cropland 3 acres
Pasture 11 acres
Station #2 4420 acres
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Primary Research Objectives
• Assess hydrologic, sediment, and turbidity responses to land management and scale.
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Instrument “sled” fabricated from stainless steel, slips into grade control pipe
Turbidity
Sampler intake
Depth and velocity
Weir
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y = 1.035xR² = 0.982
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Discharge from
Con
tinuity (cfs)
Discharge from V Notch Weir (cfs)
1 on 1
+‐10%
1.5% Slope
3.5% Slope
5.5% Slope
Linear (all data)
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Station #16 Cropland
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Station #16 Cropland
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Station 15 Forest / Timber
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Station #17 Pasture
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Station #17 Pasture
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Supercritical grade control flumeStation #2 (as built)
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Turbidity gauge deployed on a strut from catwalk at Station #2
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6/12/2014 19:12 6/12/2014 21:36 6/13/2014 0:00 6/13/2014 2:24 6/13/2014 4:48 6/13/2014 7:12 6/13/2014 9:36 6/13/2014 12:00
Trub
idity
(mV)
Discharge (cfs)
Discharge fines Turbidity
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y = 7.028x ‐ 501R² = 0.980
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s Con
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Turbidity (mV)
Station #2, 12‐13 June 2014
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Fine
s C
once
ntra
tion
(ppm
w)
Date
Dec to Mar
Aug to Nov
Apr to Jul
Four-month average concentrations of sediment < 53 µm at Station 2
CEAP
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6/12/2014 19:00 6/12/2014 21:24 6/12/2014 23:48 6/13/2014 2:12 6/13/2014 4:36 6/13/2014 7:00 6/13/2014 9:24 6/13/2014 11:48
Concen
tration (ppm
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Discharge (in
/hr) and
Sed
imen
t Disc
harge (to
ns/acre ho
ur)
Discharge
Fine Sediment Discharge
Concentration of Fines
Fines Sample Concentration
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y = 3.4468x ‐ 71.889R² = 0.9353
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Fine
s Con
centratio
n (ppm
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Average Turbidity (mV)
Station 15, 16, 17 combined
Station 17
Station 15
Station 16
Linear (All Data)
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y = 7.0275x ‐ 501.01R² = 0.9803
y = 3.4468x ‐ 71.889R² = 0.9353
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Fine
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Average Turbidity (mV)
Edge of Field Sites and Station 2
Station 2
Edge of Field Sites
Linear (Station 2)
Linear (Edge of Field Sites)
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4 % of sediment from upland sources
96% of sediment from gully and
channel erosion
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Station Drainage Area (acres) Drainage Area (sq_ft) NOTES1 5266.8 2294218082 4421.6 1926048963 2145 934362004 893.7 389295725 1033.3 4501054813 303.4 1321610414 411.9 1794236415 28.859 1257098 Original estimate for Andrea Bowen's work16 2.87 125017 This is an estimate based on Darlene's work with an area removed by Mick Ursic based on what is known from the field.17 11.01 479595.6 This is an estimate from Darlene's work
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April 2005 Simon site
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2006
1513
14
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2
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Steady Pond Construction
y = ‐0.0145x2 + 58.82x ‐ 59375R² = 0.9947
y = 0.4192x ‐ 811.18R² = 0.9877
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Pond
Surface Area (ha)
Num
ber o
f Pon
ds
Year
NumberArea
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Conclusions
Instrumentation to measure depth, velocity and turbidity, sample runoff, and quantify sediment yield from grade control conduits was described.
Turbidity was well correlated with concentrations of sediment <53 µm.
Runoff from cropland and grassland areas was flashier than from a timberland source areas.
Analysis suggests that most (>90 %) sediment originated from channel and gully sources.
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QUESTIONS?
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y = 0.911xR² = 0.977
y = 0.204xR² = 0.298
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Fine
s sed
imen
t con
centratio
n (ppm
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Total sediment concentration (ppm)
Station #15Station #16Station #17uplandStation #2Linear (upland)Linear (Station #2)