UNIT TWELVE

I. A GENERAL REVIEW

II. New Words and Expressions;

III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences;

Words and Expressions

1. major n. 专业

eg. What’s your major ?

2. flat n. 套房

= apartment

3. marry v. 娶， 嫁

eg. She married a handsome young man.

* to be (get ) married to (with ） 与…结婚

eg. He was (got ) married to Jane.

4. Come true 实现

eg. My dreams will come true in the future.

Words and Expressions

4. look forward to sth. / doing sth 期待

I’m always looking forward to your coming.

5. practise v. 练习

* practise doing sth. 练习做某事

eg. The boy usually practises writing.

6. invite v. 邀请，请求

eg. We invited all the teachers to the party.

* inviting a. 诱人的，引人入胜的

eg. There are many inviting clothes in the shop.

language points

1. do a degree course 读学位课程

follow an English course 学习英语课

2. I hope you’re not too busy to have a chat.

* too busy to do sth. 太忙了以至于不能做某事

eg. I am too busy to watch TV.

3. …my Mum’s.

名词所有格形式，指“ 妈妈的家 ”

eg. at the doctor’s 在医院

at the barber’s 在理发店

language points

4. I ‘m looking forward to it .

* look forward to 盼望

eg. Everybody is looking forward to the Spring Festival.

We’re looking forward to hearing from you soon.

5. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

eg. My father always tells me to be careful when I am out.

UNIT THIRTEEN

I. Grammatical Structures;

II. New Words and Expressions;

III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences;

XI. Functional Practice;

V. Some Exercises.

Modals

情态动词

（ can / could ; may / might ; must )

情态动词情态动词：表示说话人的语气和情态。

本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只

能和主要动词（原形）一起构成谓语。

没有人称和数的变化。

常用的情态动词有： can, may, must, need 等。 e.g. I can speak a little English.

May I come in?

Must he go now? No, he needn’t.

Can he be at the zoo at eight tomorrow morning?

Grammar

情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后直接加 not 。 情态动词的疑问句：直接将情态动词置于主语之前。

回答一般疑问句时，要注意它们的对应关系。 can --- can’t (cannot, can not) may --- mustn’t (must not) must --- needn’t (need not)

e.g. Can you be ready at five this afternoon? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. May I lend this book to others? Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. ( No, you may not. 表示“你也可以不” ) Must he come here before six? Yes, he must. / No, he needn’t. （ No, he mustn’t. 表示“他不许 ...” ）

Grammar

may 和 can 都可表示请求或允许，在意义上比较接近。

e.g. Can (May) I sit here?

注意下面三句话在语气上的不同：

You can’t smoke here. ( 你不能在这儿抽烟。 )

You may not smoke here. ( 你不允许这儿抽烟。 )

You mustn’t smoke here. ( 你不许在这儿抽烟。 )

Grammar

can 的过去式是 could, may 的过去式是 might

e.g. He could speak French fluently when he was young.

You might see a lot of pigeons here in the past.

注意： could 和 may 常常用表示更客气、委婉的语气。

e.g. Could you help me, please?

Might I see you for a moment?

Grammar

can, may, must 都可以表示猜测。

e.g. He can’t be in Beijing now. I saw him just now.

Can it be you?

Ask him. He may know her address.

I haven’t seen him for a few days.

He may have gone back to his hometown.

After a long walk, you must be very tired.

The light of the room is off.

There must be nobody in the room.

Grammar

be able to 与 can 在意思上相近，但可用于多种时态。 e.g. You will be able to speak English very well soon.

I have been able to deal with such a thing by myself.

have to 与 must 在意思上相近，但可用于多种时态。 e.g. You’ll have to choose only one of them.

He said he had to work from morning till night in the past.

注意： be able to 和 have to 都不是情态动词。 e.g. She is able to dress herself now.

You don’t have to finish the work today.

Grammar

一、用 can （ can’t ） , may, must, mustn’t, needn’t 填空：1. This pencil is very short now, but I _______ still use it.

2. ________I go out and play basketball, mum?

No, you ________ finish your homework first.

3. _______ you go to the cinema with me on Tuesday afternoon?

I’m sorry I _________. I’m going to play tennis then.

4. ________ you answer this question?

Sorry, I _______.

5. Alan: ________ I watch TV this evening, Mum?

Mum: Yes, you _______. But you ______ finish your exercises first.

Alan: All right. _____ I write down all the new words in this lesson?

Mum: No, you ________, but you _______ write down all the new

words today. You ______ write down the old ones tomorrow.

can

May

must

Can

can’t

Can

can’t

May

may must

Must

needn’t must

may

练习

6. ________ I leave school now?

No. You __________ clean the classroom first.

7. It’s time for class. You _________ stop playing basketball.

You _________ be late for class.

8. ________ they answer questions in Russian?

No, they ________. They ________ answer them in Chinese.

9. ________ you be at the zoo before nine? No, I ________.

10. A: ________ you answer the question in English?

B: Sorry, I _________. ________ I answer it in Chinese?

A: No, you _________. But you _______ answer it in Japanese.

11. A: ________ we be back before seven this evening?

B: No, you ___________. You ________ come here at eight.

May

must

must

may

Must

needn’t may

Can can’t

Can

can’t May

mustn’t may

Must

needn’t may

练习

12. A: _________ your brother skate?

B: No, he __________. But he __________ swim.

A: Who __________ skate well?

B: Tom’s sister __________.

13. A: Excuse me. __________ I look at your exercise-book?

I __________ do this exercise.

B: Sorry, you __________. You __________ think it over.

14. A: He works hard at English. So he __________ speak it well.

B: __________ his friend speak English, too?

A: No, he __________. But he __________ speak Russian well.

15. A: __________________ I always go so early?

B: Of course. You _______________.

Can

can’t can

can

can

May

can’t

mustn’t must

can

Can

can’t can

May / Must

may / must

练习

16. A: __________ I ask you some questions?

B: Yes, you ________. But you __________ wait a minute.

I’m writing a letter and I ________ finish it.

17. A: My brother and I have a lot of interesting books.

I often read them.

B: ______________ I borrow this book from you?

A: Certainly. Here you are. But it’s my brother’s.

B: How long ______________ I keep it?

A: Five days.

B: ______________ I keep it a little longer if I _________ finish it

in time?

A: Yes, you _____________. But you __________ lend it to others.

May

may must

must

Can / May

can / may

Can / May can’t

can / may mustn’t

练习

二、选择适当的情态动词填空：1. What _____ I do for you?

A.must B.can C.may D.need

2. _____ I renew the book? No, you _____.

A.May … mustn’t B.Need … can’t

C.Can … needn’t D.Must … mustn’t

3. You _____ clean your classroom now. you _____ clean it after class.

A.may not … must B.can’t … need

C.needn’t … may D.mustn’t … must

4. Tom _____ speak Japanese. He _____ only speak English.

A.mustn’t … can’t B.can’t … can

C.needn’t … must D.may … can

5. _____ Jack finish the work in two days? No, he _____.

A.Need … mustn’t B.Can … mustn’t

C.May … can’t D.Must … needn’t

B

A

C

B

D

练习

Words and Expressions

1. look after 照顾， 照料

= take ( good ) care of sb. / sth.

eg. His roommates looked after him when he was ill.

2. except prep. 除…之外 ( 不包括在内）

eg. I study every evening except Saturday.

* besides prep. 除…之外 ( 包括在内）

Besides English, I also can speak French.

3. look for 寻找， 期待 ( 过程）

eg. We are looking for the result earnestly.

* find 找到 （结果）

eg. I have found my wallet.

Words and Expressions

4. at least 至少

at most 至多

5. advertise v. 做广告，登广告

eg. The company is advertising for a secretary on TV.

* advertisement n.

advertiser n. 广告人

6. ( be ) good at 善于，擅长

eg. My friend Lucy is good at learning languages.

language points

1. …help you’re yourself.

请自便。

eg. Help yourself to some cake .

请吃点儿蛋糕。

2. …you can’t start work until next month, I believe.

“ can’t / won’t / mustn’t do sth. until…

直到…才能…

eg. Don’t worry. I won’t go away until you come back .

Programme I:

Talking about someone’s skills:

在谈论某人的技能时，可以使用下面两种句型：

We need someone who can drive.

We ned someone who is good at sports.

Programme II:

Speculating ( 表示推测 ):

He can’t be hungry. He must be thirsty.

She can’t be ill. She must be tired.

She can’t be forty. She must be fifty.