Understanding the Hazardous Waste RulesA Handbook for SmallBusinesses—1996 Update

United States Environmental Protection Agency

EPA530-K-95-001April

1EPA

Solid Wasteand Emergency Response5305W

2Recycled/Recyclable Printed with soy/canola ink on paper that contains at least 20% recycled fiber

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DECIDING WHETHER HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS APPLY TO YOU

2 Defining Hazardous Waste

3 Identifying Your Waste

4 Finding Your Generator Category

6 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS

7 REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS

7 Obtaining an EPA Identification Number

10 Managing Hazardous Waste On Site

10 Accumulating Your Waste

12 Treating Your Waste to Meet the Land Disposal Restrictions

13 Preventing Accidents

13 Responding to Emergencies

15 Shipping Waste Off Site

15 Selecting a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility

15 Labeling Waste Shipments

16 Preparing Hazardous Waste Manifests

17 Land Disposal Restrictions Reporting Requirements

17 Export Notification

18 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE QUANTITY GENERATORS

19 WHERE TO GET MORE HELP

19 Appendix A: State Hazardous Waste Management Agencies

24 Appendix B: EPA and Other Federal Resource Centers

25 Appendix C: EPA Regional Contacts

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Does your business generate hazardous waste? Many small

businesses do. If you need help understanding which federal haz-ardous waste management regulationsapply to your business, this handbookis for you. It has been prepared by theU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) to help small businessowners and operators understand howbest to comply with federal hazardouswaste management regulations. Thishandbook provides an overview of theregulations to give you a basic under-standing of your responsibilities. It isnot a complete description of the hazardous waste management require-ments and should not be used as asubstitute for the actual regulations.All of the federal hazardous waste regulations are located in Title 40 ofthe Code of Federal Regulations(CFR), Parts 260 to 299.

EPA defines three categories of haz-ardous waste generators based uponthe quantity of hazardous waste theygenerate per month:

(1) Conditionally exempt smallquantity generators (CESQGs),which generate less than 220 lbs(100 kg) per month.

(2) Small quantity generators(SQGs), which generate between220 lbs (100 kg) and 2,200(1,000 kg) per month.

(3) Large quantity generators(LQGs), which generate morethan 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) permonth.

Each category of generator mustcomply with the hazardous wasterules specific to that category. Thishandbook is intended primarily forbusinesses that generate a smallquantity of hazardous waste (SQGsand CESQGs) to help them learnabout regulations that apply tothem.

This handbook only explains the fed-eral requirements for hazardous wastemanagement. Many states have theirown hazardous waste regulationsbased on the federal hazardous wasteregulations. In some of these states,the requirements are the same as thefederal standards and definitions.Other states, however, have devel-oped more stringent requirementsthan the federal program. If this isthe case in your state, you must comply with the state regulations. Tobecome familiar with your state’srequirements, consult your state hazardous waste agency listed onpages 19-23.

This handbook provides a generaloverview of the hazardous waste generator regulations and should notbe used as a substitute for the actualrequirements.

INTRODUCTION

Y ou can look up unfamiliarwords or phrases on a list of

definitions found on the insideback cover of this booklet.

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If you have questionsabout any part of thisbook, or the federal hazardous waste regulations, call theRCRA Hotline at 703 412-9810 or TDD703 412-3323 in theWashington, DC, areaor at 800 424-9346 orTDD 800 533-7672from other locations.

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FOR MOREINFORMATION

Defining Hazardous Waste

Awaste is any solid, liquid, orcontained gaseous material that

is discarded by being disposed of,burned or incinerated, or recycled.(There are some exceptions for recycled materials.) It can be the by-product of a manufacturing process orsimply a commercial product that youuse in your business—such as a clean-ing fluid or battery acid—that isbeing disposed of. Even materials thatare recyclable or can be reused insome way (such as burning used oilfor fuel) may be considered waste.

Hazardous waste can be one of twotypes:

n Listed waste. Your waste is consideredhazardous if it appears on one of fourlists published in the Code of FederalRegulations (40 CFR Part 261).Currently, more than 400 wastes arelisted. Wastes are listed as hazardousbecause they are known to be harmfulto human health and the environmentwhen not managed properly.

Even when managed properly, somelisted wastes are so dangerous thatthey are called acutely hazardouswastes. Examples of acutely hazardouswastes include wastes generated fromsome pesticides that can be fatal tohumans even in low doses.

n Characteristic wastes. If yourwaste does not appear on one ofthe hazardous waste lists, it stillmight be considered hazardous if itdemonstrates one or more of the following characteristics:

g It catches fire under certain con-ditions. This is known as an

ignitable waste. Examples arepaints and certain degreasersand solvents.

g It corrodes metals or has a veryhigh or low pH. This is known asa corrosive waste. Examples arerust removers, acid oralkaline cleaning fluids,and battery acid.

g It is unstable and explodes or produces toxic fumes, gases, andvapors when mixed with water orunder other conditions such asheat or pressure. This is known asa reactive waste. Examples are certain cyanides or sulfide-bearingwastes.

g It is harmful or fatal when ingest-ed or absorbed, or it leaches toxicchemicals into the soil or groundwater when disposed of on land.This is known as a toxic waste.Examples are wastes that con-tain high concentrations ofheavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, or mercury.

You can determine if your waste istoxic by having it tested using theToxicity Characteristic LeachingProcedure (TCLP), or by simplyknowing that your waste is hazardousor that your processes generate haz-ardous waste.

DECIDINGWHETHER HAZARDOUSWASTE REGULATIONSAPPLY TO YOUFederal hazardous wastemanagement regulationsapply to most businessesthat generate hazardouswaste. To determine ifthese regulations apply toyour business, you mustfirst determine if you evengenerate hazardous waste.

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Determine if you generate hazardouswaste in the first place.

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Measure the amount ofhazardous waste thatyou produce permonth.

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Determine your generator category tolearn the managementrequirements that applyto you.

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One way to help determine ifyour waste exhibits a char-

acteristic is to check the MaterialSafety Data Sheet (MSDS) thatcomes with all products contain-ing hazardous materials. Inaddition, your national trade asso-ciation or its local chapter mightbe able to help you.

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Identifying Your Waste

T o help you identify some of the waste streams com-mon to your business, consult the table below to find

a list of typical hazardous wastes generated by small busi-nesses. Use the insert in the middle of this handbook for amore detailed listing of the EPA waste codes associated

with these waste streams to determine if your waste is haz-ardous. Commercial chemical products that are discardedmight also become hazardous waste. For a complete listingof hazardous waste codes, consult with 40 CFR Part 261.

If your waste is hazardous, you will need to manage itaccording to appropriate federal regulations.

TYPE OF BUSINESSTYPICAL

Drycleaning and Laundry Plants

Furniture/WoodManufacturing andRefinishing

Construction

Laboratories

Vehicle Maintenance

Printing and AlliedIndustries

Equipment Repair

Pesticide End-Users/ApplicationServices

Educational andVocational Shops

HOW GENERATED

Commercial drycleaning processes

Wood cleaning and wax removal, refinish-ing/stripping, staining, painting, finishing,brush cleaning and spray brush cleaning

Paint preparation and painting, carpentryand floor work, other specialty contractingactivities, heavy construction, wrecking anddemolition, vehicle and equipment mainte-nance for construction activities

Diagnostic and other laboratory testing

Degreasing, rust removal, paint preparation,spray booth, spray guns, brush cleaning,paint removal, tank cleanout, installing lead-acid batteries

Plate preparation, stencil preparation for screenprinting, photoprocessing, printing, cleanup

Degreasing, equipment cleaning, rustremoval, paint preparation, painting, paintremoval, spray booth, spray guns, and brushcleaning.

Pesticide application and cleanup

Automobile engine and body repair, metal-working, graphic arts-plate preparation,woodworking

TYPES OF WASTES

Still residues from solvent distilla-tion, spent filter cartridges, cookedpowder residue

Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, solvent wastes, paint wastes

Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, solvent wastes, paint wastes, usedoil, acids/bases

Spent solvents, unused reagents,reaction products, testing samples,contaminated materials

Acids/bases, solvents, ignitablewastes, toxic wastes, paint wastes,batteries

Acids/bases, heavy metal wastes, solvents, toxic wastes, ink

Acids/bases, toxic wastes, ignitablewastes, paint wastes, solvents

Used/unused pesticides, solventwastes, ignitable wastes, contaminat-ed soil (from spills), contaminatedrinsewater, empty containers

Ignitable wastes, solvent wastes,acids/bases, paint wastes

WASTE CODES

D001, D039,F002

D001, F001-F005

D001, D002,F001-F005

D001, D002,D003, F001-F005, U211

D001, D002,D006, D008,F001-F005

D002, D006,D008, F001-F005

D001, D002,D006, D008,F001-F005

D001, F001-F005, U129,U136, P094,P123

D001, D002,F001-F005

TYPICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED BY SMALL BUSINESSES

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Finding Your GeneratorCategory

O nce you know that you gener-ate hazardous waste, you need

to measure the amount of waste youproduce per month. The amount ofhazardous waste you generate deter-mines your generator category.

Many hazardous wastes are liquidsand are measured in gallons—notpounds. In order to measure your liq-uid wastes, you will need to convertfrom gallons to pounds. To do this,you must know the density of the liq-uid. A rough guide is that 30 gallons(about half of a 55-gallon drum) ofwaste with a density similar to water

weighs about 220 pounds; 300 gal-lons of a waste with a density similarto water weighs about 2,200 lbs(1,000 kg).

EPA has established three generatorcategories, as follows, each of which isregulated differently:

CESQGs:Conditionally Exempt SmallQuantity Generators: You are con-sidered a CESQG if you generate nomore than 220 lbs (100 kg) permonth of hazardous waste. You areexempt from hazardous waste man-agement regulations provided thatyou comply with the basic require-ments described on page 6.

SQGs:Small Quantity Generators: You areconsidered an SQG if you generatebetween 220 and 2,200 lbs (100and 1,000 kg) per month of haz-ardous waste. SQGs must complywith EPA requirements for manag-ing hazardous waste described inthis document.

LQGs:Large Quantity Generators: You areconsidered an LQG if you generatemore than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) permonth of hazardous waste. LQGsmust comply with more extensivehazardous waste rules than those sum-marized in this handbook. See page18 for an overview.

If you are a CESQG and you generateno more than 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of acute-ly hazardous waste (or 220 lbs (100kg) of acutely hazardous waste spillresidues) in a calendar month, andnever store more than that amountfor any period of time, you may man-age the acutely hazardous wasteaccording to the CESQG require-ments. If you generate more than 2.2lbs (1kg) of acutely hazardous waste,you must manage it according to theLQG requirements.

D epending on your type ofbusiness, you might be

regulated under different rulesat different times. If, for exam-ple, you generate less than 220lbs (100 kg) of hazardous wasteduring the month of June, youwould be considered a CESQGfor June and your June wastewould be subject to the hazardous waste managementrequirements for CESQGs. If,in July, you generate between220 and 2,200 lbs (100 kg to1,000 kg) of hazardous waste,your generator status wouldchange, and you would be con-sidered an SQG for July. YourJuly waste would then be subject to the managementrequirements for SQGs.

WHAT IS YOURGENERATORCATEGORY?

I n many cases, small businessesthat fall into different genera-

tor categories at different timeschoose to satisfy the more stringent requirements to simpli-fy compliance.

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DO MEASURE:

All quantities of listed and charac-teristic hazardous wastes that are:

n Accumulated on the property forany period of time before disposalor recycling. (Dry cleaners, forexample, must count any residueremoved from machines, as wellas spent cartridge filters.)

n Packaged and transported awayfrom your business.

n Placed directly in a regulatedtreatment or disposal unit at yourplace of business.

n Generated as still bottoms orsludges and removed from product storage tanks.

DO NOT MEASURE:

Wastes that:

n Are specifically exempted fromcounting. Examples include lead-acid batteries that will bereclaimed, scrap metal that will berecycled, used oil managed underthe used oil provisions of 40 CFR279, and universal wastes (e.g.,batteries, pesticides, and thermostats) managed under 40CFR 273.

n Might be left in the bottom ofcontainers that have been thoroughly emptied through conventional means such as pouring or pumping.

n Are left as residue in the bottomof tanks storing products, if theresidue is not removed from theproduct tank.

n Are reclaimed continuously onsite without storing prior to reclamation, such as drycleaningsolvents.

n Are managed in an “elementaryneutralization unit,” a “totallyenclosed treatment unit,” or a“wastewater treatment unit,” without being stored first. (Seedefinitions for an explanation ofthese types of units.)

n Are discharged directly to publiclyowned treatment works (POTWs)without being stored or accumulat-ed first. This discharge to a POTWmust comply with the Clean WaterAct. POTWs are public utilities,usually owned by the city, county,or state, that treat industrial anddomestic sewage for disposal.

n Have already been counted onceduring the calendar month, andare treated on site or reclaimed insome manner, and used again.

n Are regulated under the universalwaste rule or have other specialrequirements. The federal regulationscontain special, limited requirementsfor managing certain commonlygenerated wastes. These wastes canbe managed following the less bur-densome requirements listed belowinstead of the usual hazardous wasterequirements. Check with yourstate agency to determine if yourstate has similar regulations.

Used oil—40 CFR Part 279Lead-acid batteries that arereclaimed—40 CFR Part 266,Subpart G

Scrap metal that is recycled—40CFR 261.6 (a)(3)

Universal wastes (e.g., certain batteries, recalled and collected pesticides, mercury-containingthermostats)—40 CFR Part 273

WHAT DO YOU MEASURE TO DETERMINEYOUR GENERATOR CATEGORY?

CESQGs

F irst, you must identify all haz-ardous waste that you generate.

Second, you may not store more than2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of hazardouswaste on site at any time. Finally, youmust ensure delivery of your haz-ardous waste to an offsite treatmentor disposal facility that is one of thefollowing, or, if you treat or disposeof your hazardous waste on site, yourfacility also most be:

n A state or federally regulated hazardous waste management treat-ment, storage, or disposal facility.

n A facility permitted, licensed, or registered by a state to managemunicipal or industrial solid waste.

n A facility that uses, reuses, orlegitimately recycles the waste (ortreats the waste prior to use, reuse,or recycling).

n A universal waste handler or desti-nation facility subject to theuniversal waste requirements of 40CFR Part 273. (Universal wastesare wastes such as certain batteries,recalled and collected pesticides, ormercury-containing thermostats.)

Suggestion:It’s a good idea to call the appropriatestate agency to verify that the treatment, storage, and disposal facili-ty (TSDF) you have selected has anynecessary permits, etc. You also maywant to see that the facility fits intoone of the above categories. (It’s agood idea to document such calls foryour records.)

REQUIREMENTSFOR CONDITIONALLYEXEMPT SMALLQUANTITY GENERATORSIf you generate no morethan 220 lbs (100 kg) of hazardous waste per month,you are a ConditionallyExempt Small QuantityGenerator (CESGQG). Youmust comply with threebasic waste managementrequirements to remainexempt from the full hazardous waste regulationsthat apply to generators oflarger quantities (SQGs andLQGs).

(Note: there are differentquantity limits for acutelyhazardous waste.)

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Identify your hazardouswaste.

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Comply with storagequantity limits.

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Ensure proper treatmentand disposal of yourwaste.

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Some states have additionalrequirements for CESQGs.

For example, some states requireCESQGs to follow some of theSQG requirements such as obtain-ing an EPA identification number,or complying with storage stan-dards. See page 10 for SQGstorage requirements.

STATEREQUIREMENTS

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T o obtain an EPA ID number, youshould:

n Call or write your state hazardouswaste management agency or thehazardous waste division of yourEPA Regional office and ask for acopy of EPA Form 8700-12,“Notification of Hazardous WasteActivity.” (State and EPA Regionaloffices are listed on pages 19-25.)You will be sent a booklet that con-tains a form with instructions andthose portions of the regulations thatwill help you identify your waste. Asample copy of a completed notifica-tion form is shown on pages 8-9.(Note: A few states use a form that isdifferent from the one shown. Yourstate agency willsend you theappropriate form tocomplete.)

n Fill in the form as shown in theexample. To complete Item IX of theform, you will need to identify yourhazardous waste by its EPAHazardous Waste Code. A list ofcommon hazardous wastes and theirwaste codes can be found on theinsert in this handbook; for a com-plete list of waste codes, you shouldconsult 40 CFR Part 261, or callyour state or regional EPA office orthe RCRA Hotline. The form youreceive from your state might con-tain an additional sheet that providesmore space for waste codes.Complete one copy of the form foreach business site where you gener-ate or handle hazardous waste. Eachsite will receive its own EPA Identification Number. Make sure you sign thecertification in Item X.

n Send the completed form to yourstate hazardous waste contact. Thisaddress is listed in the informationbooklet thatyou will receivewith the form.

EPA records the information on theform and assigns an EPAIdentification Number to the siteidentified on your form. The EPAnumber stays with the property whenownership changes. If you move yourbusiness, you must notify EPA or thestate of your new location and submita new form. If another business previ-ously handled hazardous waste at thislocation and obtained an EPAIdentification Number, you will beassigned the same number after youhave notified EPA that you havemoved to this location. Otherwise,EPA will assign you a new identifica-tion number.

OBTAINING AN EPA IDENTIFICATIONNUMBERIf your business generatesbetween 220 lbs (100 kg)and 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of hazardous waste permonth, you are an SQG,and you must obtain anduse an EPA IdentificationNumber. EPA and states usethese 12-character numbersto monitor and track haz-ardous waste activities. Youwill need to use your identification number whenyou send waste off site tobe managed.

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Call your state agencyto determine if youneed an EPA identifica-tion number.

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If you do, obtain a copyof EPA Form 8700-12.

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Fill in the form com-pletely.

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Send the form to yourSTATE hazardous wastecontact.

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SAMPLE “NOTIFICATION OF REGULATED WASTE ACTIVITY” FORM

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SAMPLE “NOTIFICATION OF REGULATED WASTE ACTIVITY” FORM (Continued)

SQGs

Accumulating Your Waste

A ccumulating hazardous waste onsite can pose a threat to human

health and the environment, so youmay only keep it for a short time with-out a permit. Before shipping the wastefor disposal or recycling, you areresponsible for its safe management,which includes safe storage, safe treat-ment, preventing accidents, andresponding to emergencies in accor-dance with federal regulations.

SQGs can accumulate no more than13,228 lbs (6,000 kg) of hazardouswaste on site for up to 180 days with-out a permit. You can accumulate thisamount of waste for up to 270 days ifyou must transport it more than 200miles away for recovery, treatment, ordisposal. Limited extensions may begranted by the state director or theregional EPA administrator. If youexceed these limits, you are considered aTSDF and must obtain an operatingpermit. Special storage requirementsapply to liquid hazardous wastes con-taining polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).

SQGs must accumulate waste in tanksor containers, such as 55-gallondrums. Your storage tanks and con-tainers must be managed according toEPA requirements summarized below:

For containers, you must:

n Label each container with the words“HAZARDOUS WASTE,” andmark each container with the datethe waste was generated.

n Use a container made of, or linedwith, a material that is compatiblewith the hazardous waste to bestored. (This will prevent the wastefrom reacting with or corroding thecontainer.)

n Keep all containers holding haz-ardous waste closed during storage,except when adding or removingwaste. Do not open, handle, orstore (stack) containers in a waythat might rupture them, causethem to leak, or otherwise fail.

n Inspect areas where containers arestored at least weekly. Look forleaks and for deterioration causedby corrosion or other factors.

n Maintain the containers in goodcondition. If a container leaks, putthe hazardous waste in another con-tainer, or contain it in some otherway that complies with EPA regulations.

n Do not mix incompatible wastes ormaterials unless precautions aretaken to prevent certain hazards.

MANAGING HAZARDOUSWASTE ON SITEMost small businesses accumulate some hazardous waste on site fora short period of time andthen ship it off site to atreatment, storage, or disposal facility (TSDF).

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Accumulate wastesaccording to limitsestablished by EPA forSQGs.

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Follow the storage andhandling proceduresrequired by EPA forSQGs.

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Follow EPA require-ments for equipmenttesting and mainte-nance, access tocommunications oralarms, aisle space, andemergency arrange-ments with localauthorities.

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SQGs

I t is a good practice never to mixwastes. Mixing wastes can create

an unsafe work environment andlead to complex and expensivecleanups and disposal.

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T he easiest and most cost-effective way of managing any waste is not to generate it in the first place. You candecrease the amount of hazardous waste your business produces by developing a few “good housekeeping”

habits. Good housekeeping procedures generally save businesses money, and they prevent accidents and waste. Tohelp reduce the amount of waste you generate, try the following practices at your business.

WASTE MINIMIZATION: THE KEY TO BETTER WASTE MANAGEMENT

n Do not mix wastes. Do not mix nonhazardouswaste with hazardous waste. Once you mix nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste, you mayincrease the amount of hazardous waste created, asthe whole batch may become hazardous. Mixingwaste can also make recycling very difficult, if notimpossible. A typical example of mixing wasteswould be putting nonhazardous cleaning agents in acontainer of used hazardous solvents.

n Recycle and reuse manufacturing materials. Manycompanies routinely put useful components backinto productive use rather than disposing of them.Items such as oil, solvents, acids, and metals arecommonly recycled and used again. In addition,some companies have taken waste minimizationactions such as using fewer solvents to do the samejob, using solvents that are less toxic, or switching toa detergent solution.

n Change materials, processes, or both. Businessescan save money and increase efficiency by replacinga material or a process with another that producesless waste. For example, you could use plastic blastmedia for paint stripping of metal parts rather thanconventional solvent stripping.

n Safely store hazardous products and containers.You can avoid creating more hazardous waste bypreventing spills or leaks. Store hazardous productand waste containers in secure areas, and inspectthem frequently for leaks. When leaks or spillsoccur, materials used to clean them up also become hazardous waste.

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For tanks, you must:

n Label each tank with the words“HAZARDOUS WASTE.”

n Store only waste that will not causethe tank or the inner liner of thetank to rupture, leak, corrode, orfail.

n Equip tanks that have an automaticwaste feed with a waste feed cutoffsystem, or a bypass system for usein the event of a leak or overflow.

n Inspect discharge control and mon-itoring equipment and the level ofwaste in uncovered tanks at leastonce each operating day. Inspectthe tanks and surrounding areas forleaks or other problems (such ascorrosion) at least weekly.

n Use the National Fire ProtectionAssociation’s (NFPA’s) buffer zonerequirements for covered tanks containing ignitable or reactivewastes. These requirements specifydistances considered to be safebuffer zones for various ignitable orreactive wastes. You can reach theNFPA at 617 770-3000.

n Do not mix incompatible wastes ormaterials unless precautions aretaken to prevent certain hazards.

n Do not place ignitable or reactivewastes in tanks unless certain precautions are taken.

n Provide at least two feet (60 cen-timeters) of freeboard (space at thetop of each tank) in uncoveredtanks, unless the tank is equippedwith a containment structure, adrainage control system, or a stand-by tank with adequate capacity.

Treating Your Waste toMeet the Land DisposalRestrictions (LDRs)

Most hazardous wastes may notbe land disposed unless they

meet “treatment standards.” The LandDisposal Restrictions (LDR) programrequires that the waste is treated toreduce the hazardous constituents tolevels set by EPA, or that the waste istreated using a specific technology. Itis your responsibility to ensure thatyour waste is treated to meet LDRtreatment standards before it is landdisposed. (See page 17 for a descrip-tion of required LDR notices.) MostSQGs probably will have their desig-nated TSDF do this treatment. If youchoose to treat your waste yourself tomeet LDR treatment standards, thereare additional requirements includingwaste analysis plans, notifications, andcertifications. To learn about theserequirements call the RCRA Hotline,your state agency, or EPA Regionaloffice, and consult 40 CFR Part 268.

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Preventing Accidents

W henever you store hazardouswaste on site, you must mini-

mize the potential risks from fires,explosions, or other accidents.

All SQGs that store hazardous wasteon site must be equipped with:

n An internal communications oralarm system capable of providingimmediate emergency instruction(voice or signal) to all personnel.

n A device, such as a telephone(immediately available at the sceneof operations) or a hand-held, two-way radio, capable of summoningemergency assistance from localpolice and fire departments oremergency response teams.

n Portable fire extinguishers, fire con-trol devices (including specialextinguishing equipment, such asthat using foam, inert gas, or drychemicals), spill control materials,and decontamination supplies.

n Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hosestreams, foam-producing equip-ment, automatic sprinklers, orwater spray systems.

You must test and maintain all equip-ment to ensure proper operation.Allow sufficient aisle space to permitthe unobstructed movement of per-sonnel, fire protection equipment,spill control equipment, and deconta-mination equipment to any area offacility operation. Attempt to securearrangements with fire departments,police, emergency response teams,equipment suppliers, and local hospi-tals, as appropriate, to provide servicesin the event of an emergency. Ensurethat personnel handling hazardouswaste have immediate access to analarm or emergency communicationsdevice.

Responding to Emergencies

Y ou must be prepared for an emer-gency at your facility. One way is

to develop a contingency plan. A con-tingency plan usually answers a set of“what if ” questions. For example:“What if there is a fire in the areawhere hazardous waste is stored?” or“What if I spill hazardous waste, orone of my hazardous waste containersleaks?” Although EPA does notrequire SQGs to develop a writtencontingency plan, in case of a fire,explosion, or toxic release, havingsuch a plan would provide an orga-nized and coordinated course ofaction. EPA does require SQGs toestablish basic safety guidelines andresponse procedures to follow in theevent of an emergency.

Worksheets 1 and 2 (on page 14) canhelp you set up these procedures. Theinformation on Worksheet 1 must beposted near your phone. You mustensure that employees are familiarwith these procedures.

I n the event of a fire, explosion, or other release of hazardous wastethat could threaten human health outside the facility, or if you think

that a spill has reached surface water, call the National Response Centerto report the emergency. The Response Center will evaluate the situationand help you make appropriate emergency decisions. In many cases, youwill find that the problem you faced was not a true emergency, but it isbetter to call if you are not sure. Stiff penalties exist for failing toreport emergencies.

IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE AN EMERGENCY,IMMEDIATELY CALL THE NATIONALRESPONSE CENTER AT 800 424-8802.

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WORKSHEET 1 FILL IN AND POST THIS INFORMATION NEXT TO YOUR TELEPHONE.

WORKSHEET 2 FILL IN AND POST THIS INFORMATION NEXT TO YOUR TELEPHONE. MAKESURE ALL EMPLOYEES READ AND ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS CONTENTS.

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In the event of a spill:Contain the flow of hazardous wasteto the extent possible, and as soon asis possible, clean up the hazardouswaste and any contaminated materi-als or soil.

In the event of a fire:Call the fire department and, if safe,attempt to extinguish the fire using afire extinguisher.

In the event of a fire, explosion, orother release that could threatenhuman health outside the facility,or if you know that the spill hasreached surface water:Call the National Response Center atits 24-hour number (800 424-8802).Provide the following information:

Emergency Coordinator

Name: __________________________________________________________________________________Telephone:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fire Extinguisher

Location(s):__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Spill Control Materials

Location(s):__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fire Alarm (if present)

Location(s):______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fire Department

Telephone:___________________________________

EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

Our company name:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Our address:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Our U.S. EPA identification number:

___________________________________________________________

Date of accident _____________________________________________

Time of accident _____________________________________________

Type of accident (e.g., spill or fire) ______________________________

Quantity of hazardous waste involved____________________________

Extent of injuries, if any_______________________________________

Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered materials, if any

___________________________________________________________ ✂

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Selecting a TSDF

SQGs may send their waste only toa regulated TSDF or recycler.

Most regulated TSDFs and recyclerswill have a permit from the state orEPA. Some, however, may operateunder other regulations that do notrequire a permit. Check with theappropriate state authorities to be surethe facility you select has any neces-sary permits. All TSDFs and recyclersmust have EPA identification numbers.

Labeling Waste Shipments

SQGs must properly package,label, and mark all hazardous

waste shipments, and placard the vehi-cles in which these wastes are shippedfollowing Department ofTransportation (DOT) regulations.Most small businesses use a commer-cial transporter to ship hazardouswaste. These transporters can adviseyou on specific requirements for plac-arding, labeling, marking, andpackaging; however, you remainresponsible for compliance. For addi-tional information, consult the DOTregulations (49 CFR Parts 172 and173), or call the DOT hazardousmaterials information line at 202 366-4488.

Federal regulations allow you to trans-port your own hazardous waste to adesignated TSDF provided that youcomply with DOT rules. Some states,however, do not allow this practice.Call DOT and your state hazardouswaste manage-ment agency(see page 19)regardingapplicable regulations.

SHIPPING WASTE OFF SITEWhen shipping waste offsite, SQGs must follow certain procedures that aredesigned to ensure safetransport and proper management of the waste.

n

Package, label, andmark your shipment,and placard the vehiclein which your waste isshipped as specified inDOT regulations.

n

Prepare a hazardouswaste manifest toaccompany your shipment.

n

Include a notice and certification with eachwaste shipment.

n

Ensure the proper management of anyhazardous waste youship (even when it is no longer in your possession).

u

u

u

u

SQGs

16

SQGs

Preparing Hazardous WasteManifests

Ahazardous waste manifest mustaccompany all hazardous waste

that is shipped off site. A hazardouswaste manifest is a multipart formdesigned to track hazardous wastefrom generation to disposal. It willhelp you to track your waste duringshipment and make sure it arrives atthe proper destination. If you sendwaste to a recycling facility, you maybe able to use a tolling agreementinstead of a manifest. A tolling agree-ment is a “closed-loop” arrangementwhereby a generator contracts with arecycling company to reclaim its haz-ardous waste andreturn it as a recycledproduct, therebyavoiding disposal. Acopy of the contractmust be kept on file for three yearsafter the contract has ended.

Various versions of hazardous wastemanifest forms are available.

n Some states require their own man-ifest form. If the state to which youare shipping your waste requires itsown manifest, use that state’s form.To obtain manifest forms, contactthe hazardous waste managementagency of the recipient state, yourtransporter, or the TSDF that youintend to use.

n If the state to which you are ship-ping your waste does not have itsown manifest, but the state inwhich your waste was generateddoes require its own manifest, useyour state’s form. To obtain blankforms, contact your transporter oryour state hazardous waste agency.

I t is important to choose your transporter and your TSDF carefullysince you remain responsible for the proper management of your

hazardous waste even after it has left your site.

For help in choosing a transporter or TSDF, check with the followingsources:

n References from business colleagues who have used a specific hazardous waste transporter or TSDF.

n Trade associations for your industry that might keep a file on companies that handle hazardous waste.

n The Better Business Bureau or Chamber of Commerce in the TSDF’sarea, which might have a record of any complaints registered against atransporter or a facility.

n Your state hazardous waste management agency or EPA Regionaloffice, which can tell you whether the transporter or TSDF has a U.S.EPA identification number and a permit, if required.

SELECTING A TRANSPORTER ORTSDF/RECYCLER

1

n If neither state requires a manifest,you can use the federal UniformHazardous Waste Manifest, EPAForm 8700-22. Copies are avail-able from some transporters,TSDFs, and some commercialprinters. Your state hazardouswaste agency can refer you to man-ifest suppliers.

You must fill in all parts of a mani-fest. Information requested includes:name of transporter, name of the des-ignated facility, your EPA IDnumber, and a description of thewaste based on DOT requirements,such as proper shipping name andhazard class. Call the DOT informa-tion line for more information onDOT waste description requirements.

The transporter signs the completedmanifest when the shipment isaccepted for transport. The facilityoperator at the designated TSDF alsosigns the form when the shipment isreceived and sends a copy of it backto you. You must keep this copy onfile for three years. (It might be agood practice, however, to keep it foras long as you are in business.)

Any SQG that does not receive asigned copy of the manifest from thedesignated TSDF within 60 days ofshipment must submit a legible copyof the manifest to the state or EPAregional office. This copy, known asan exception report, simply indicatesthat a signed copy was not receivedfrom the facility operator.

Land Disposal Restrictions(LDR) ReportingRequirements

Regardless of where the waste isbeing sent, for each shipment of

waste subject to LDRs you must sendthe receiving TSDF or recycler anLDR notice. This notice must pro-vide information about your waste,such as the EPA hazardous wastecode and the LDR treatment stan-dard. The purpose of this notice is tolet the TSDF know that the wastemust meet treatment standards beforeit is land disposed. There is norequired form for this notice, butyour TSDF may provide a form foryou to use. A certification may alsobe required in specific situations. Callthe RCRA Hotline, your state agency,or EPA regional office and consult 40CFR Part 268 for help with LDRnotification and certification require-ments.

Export Notification

I f you choose to export your haz-ardous waste, you must notify

EPA 60 days before the intended dateof shipment to obtain written con-sent. EPA’s “Acknowledgement ofConsent” document must accompanythe shipment at all times. For moreinformation on how to obtain theconsent to export hazardous waste,contact the RCRA Hotline at 800424-9346.

17

SQGs

18

LQG REQUIREMENTS

Hazardous WasteDetermination(40 CFR 262.10)Generator CategoryDetermination(40 CFR 262.10 (b) and261.5 (b) and (c))

EPA IdentificationNumbers(40 CFR 262.12)

Prepare Hazardous Wastefor Shipment Off Site(40 CFR 262.30 - 262.33)

The Manifest(40 CFR 262.20 - 262.23,262.42)

Managing HazardousWaste On Site(40 CFR 262.34)

Recordkeeping andBiennial Report(40 CFR 262.40 - 262.41)

Comply with LandDisposal Restrictions(40 CFR 268)

Export/ImportRequirements(40 CFR Subparts E and F)

SUMMARY OFREQUIREMENTSFOR LARGEQUANTITY GENERATORSIf you are a Large QuantityGenerator (LQG) (generatingmore than 2,200 lbs (1,000kg) per month), you mustcomply with the full set ofhazardous waste regulations. This table summarizes the federal LQGrequirements. This is only asummary and does notinclude all of the LQGrequirements. For moredetails, call the RCRA Hotlineor see 40 CFR Part 262. Besure to check with yourstate as well, as some stateshave additional or morestringent requirements thanthe federal government.

SUMMARY

Identify all hazardous wastes you generate.Measure the amount of hazardous waste you gen-erate per month to determine your generatorcategory (e.g., LQG).

Obtain a copy of EPA Form 8700-12, fill out theform, and send it to the contact listed with theform. An EPA identification number will bereturned to you for your location.

Package, label, mark, and placard wastes follow-ing Department of Transportation requirements.Ship waste using hazardous waste transporter.

Ship waste to hazardous waste treatment, storage,disposal, or recycling facility. Ship hazardouswaste off site using the manifest system (EPAForm 8700-22) or state equivalent.

Accumulate waste for no more than 90 dayswithout a permit. Accumulate waste in:- Containers - Tanks- Drip pads - Containment buildingsand comply with specified technical standards foreach unit type. Comply with Preparedness andPrevention requirements. Prepare writtenContingency Plan. Train employees in hazardouswaste management and emergency response.

Retain specified records for three years. Submitbiennial report by March 1 of even numbered yearscovering generator activities for the previous year.

Ensure that wastes meet treatment standardsprior to land disposal. Send notifications and cer-tifications to TSDF as required. Maintain wasteanalysis plan if treating on site.

Follow requirements for exports and imports,including notification of intent to export andacknowledgement of consent from receivingcountry.

LQGs

STATE HAZARDOUSWASTE MANAGEMENTAGENCIES

One of the best ways to ensurecompliance with hazardous

waste regulations is to set up a visit byan inspector from your state or localhazardous waste agency. These visitscan help you identify and correct prob-lems. During the visit, you can ask theinspectors questions and receive adviceon effective ways to manage your haz-ardous waste. The best way to preparefor a visit from an inspector is to con-duct your own self inspection. SeeWorksheet 3 on page 26 for a list ofquestions that should help.

Alabama

Land DivisionAlabama Department ofEnvironmental Management1751 Cong. William L. DickinsonDriveMontgomery, AL 36130334 271-7730

Alaska

Division of Air and WaterHazardous Waste SectionAlaska Department of EnvironmentalConservation410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 105Juneau, AK 99801907 465-5158

American Samoa

American Samoa EnvironmentalProtection AgencyGovernment of American SamoaPago Pago, American Samoa 96799Overseas Operator: 684 663-2304

Arizona

Hazardous Waste Compliance UnitArizona Department ofEnvironmental Quality3033 N. Central AvenuePhoenix, AZ 85012602 207-4108

Arkansas

Hazardous Waste DivisionArkansas Department of PollutionControl and Ecology8001 National DriveLittle Rock, AR 72219501 562-6533

California

Hazardous Waste ManagementProgramDepartment of Toxic SubstancesControlP.O. Box 806Sacramento, CA 95812916 324-1781800 61-TOXIC (CA only)

Colorado

Hazardous Materials and WasteManagement DivisionColorado Department of Health4300 Cherry Creek Drive SouthDenver, CO 80222303 692-3320

WHERE TO GETMORE HELPFor further assistance inunderstanding the hazardous waste regulationsapplicable to you, contactyour state hazardous wasteagency. Other assistanceresources include the EPAResource Centers (includingthe RCRA Hotline) (page 24),or your EPA Regional office(page 25).

Also, see other related sections ofthe Code of Federal Regulations:

■ Handling PCBs (40 CFR Part 761)■ Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)

Reporting (40 CFR Part 372)■ Domestic Sewage Waste

Disposal Reporting (40 CFR Part403)

■ Shipping Hazardous Materials(49 CFR Parts 171-180)

19

APPENDIX A

Commonwealth of NorthernMariana Islands

Division of Environmental QualityDepartment of Public Health andEnvironmental ServicesP.O. Box 1304Commonwealth of the NorthernMariana IslandsSaipan, MP 96950Overseas Operator: 670 234-6114Cable Address: Gov. NMI Saipan

Connecticut

Bureau of Waste ManagementDepartment of EnvironmentalProtection79 Elm StreetHartford, CT 06106203 424-3023

Delaware

Hazardous Waste ManagementBranchDepartment of Natural Resources andEnvironmental ControlP.O. Box 140189 Kings HighwayDover, DE 19903302 739-3689

District of Columbia

Hazardous Waste ManagementBranchPesticides and Hazardous MaterialsDivisionEnvironmental RegulatoryAdministration2100 Martin Luther King Avenue,S.E.Suite #203Washington, DC 20020202 645-6080

Florida

Bureau of Solid and Hazardous WasteMS4560Division of Waste ManagementDepartment of EnvironmentalProtection2600 Blair Stone RoadTallahassee, FL 32399-2400904 488-0300

Georgia

Hazardous Waste ManagementBranchEnvironmental Protection DivisionDepartment of Natural ResourcesFloyd Towers East/Room 1154205 Butler Street, S.E.Atlanta, GA 30334404 656-7802

Guam

Solid and Hazardous WasteManagement ProgramGuam Environmental ProtectionAgency130 Rajas Street, D107 HarmonPlazaHarmon, Guam 96911Overseas Operator: 671 646-8863

Hawaii

Solid and Hazardous Waste BranchOffice of Solid Waste ManagementDepartment of Health919 Ala Moana, 2nd FloorHonolulu, HI 96814808 586-4226

Idaho

Hazardous Materials BureauDivision of Environmental QualityDepartment of Health and Welfare1410 North Hilton StreetBoise, ID 83706208 334-5898

Illinois

Division of Land Pollution ControlIllinois Environmental ProtectionAgency2200 Churchill RoadSpringfield, IL 62794-9276217 785-8604

Indiana

Hazardous Waste ManagementBranchOffice of Solid and Hazardous WasteIndiana Department ofEnvironmental Management105 N. Senate AvenueP.O. Box 6015Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015317 232-4417

Iowa

Environmental Protection DivisionDepartment of Natural Resources900 East Grand AvenueDes Moines, IA 50319-0034515 281-4968

Kansas

Bureau of Waste ManagementDepartment of Health andEnvironmentForbes Field, Building 740Topeka, KS 66620-0001913 296-1608

20

Kentucky

Hazardous Waste BranchDivision of Waste ManagementDepartment of EnvironmentalProtection18 Reilly Road, Frankfort Office ParkFrankfort, KY 40601502 564-6716

Louisiana

Office of Solid and Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste DivisionLouisiana Department ofEnvironmental QualityP.O. Box 821787290 Bluebonnet DriveBaton Rouge, LA 70884-2178504 765-0249

Maine

Division of Oil and HazardousMaterials FacilitiesBureau of Hazardous MaterialsControl and Solid Waste ControlDepartment of EnvironmentalProtectionState House, Station #17Augusta, ME 04333207 287-2651

Maryland

Hazardous Waste ProgramHazardous and Solid WasteManagement AdministrationMaryland Department of theEnvironment2500 Broening HighwayBaltimore, MD 21224301 631-3345

Massachusetts

Division of Hazardous WasteMassachusetts Department ofEnvironmental ProtectionOne Winter Street, 7th FloorBoston, MA 02108617 292-5574

Michigan

Hazardous Waste Permit SectionWaste Management DivisionDepartment of Natural Resources608 West Allegan, 1st FloorLansing, MI 48933517 373-0530

Minnesota

Hazardous Waste DivisionMinnesota Pollution Control Agency520 North Lafayette RoadSt. Paul, MN 55155612 297-8512

Mississippi

Division of Hazardous WasteManagementOffice of Pollution ControlDepartment of EnvironmentalQuality2380 Highway 80 WestP.O. Box 10385Jackson, MS 39204601 961-5052

Missouri

Hazardous Waste ManagementProgramDivision of Environmental QualityDepartment of Natural ResourcesJefferson Building205 Jefferson StreetP.O. Box 176Jefferson City, MO 65102314 751-3176

Montana

Solid and Hazardous Waste BureauDepartment of Health andEnvironmental SciencesCogswell BuildingP.O. Box 200901Helena, MT 59620-0901406 444-1430

Nebraska

Air and Waste Management DivisionDepartment of EnvironmentalQuality1200 N Street, The AtriumSuite 400P.O. Box 98922Lincoln, NE 68509-8922402 471-4217

21

Nevada

Waste Management BureauDivision of Environmental ProtectionDepartment of Conservation andNatural Resources333 West Nye LaneCarson City, NV 89710702 784-1717800 882-3233 (NV only)

New Hampshire

Waste Management ComplianceBureauWaste Management DivisionDepartment of EnvironmentalServices6 Hazen DriveConcord, NH 03301-6509603 271-2942

New Jersey

Bureau of Advisement and ManifestDepartment of EnvironmentalProtection401 East State St./CN-421Trenton, NJ 08625609 292-8341

New Mexico

Hazardous and Radioactive WasteBureauEnvironmental DepartmentP.O. Box 26110Santa Fe, NM 87502505 827-4308

New York

Division of Hazardous SubstancesRegulationDepartment of EnvironmentalConservation50 Wolfe RoadAlbany, NY 12233518 485-8988

North Carolina

Hazardous Waste SectionDivision of Solid Waste ManagementDepartment of Environment, Health,and Natural ResourcesP.O. Box 27687Raleigh, NC 27611-7687919 733-2178

North Dakota

Division of Hazardous WasteManagementDepartment of Health Managementand Special StudiesP.O. Box 5620Bismarck, ND 58502-5520701 328-5166

Ohio

Division of Hazardous WasteManagementOhio Environmental ProtectionAgency1800 Watermark DriveColumbus, OH 43215614 644-2944

Oklahoma

Oregon

Hazardous Waste ProgramWaste Management and CleanupDivisionDepartment of EnvironmentalQuality811 Southwest 6th AvenueSalem, OR 97204503 229-5913

Pennsylvania

Bureau of Waste ManagementPennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Resources400 Market StreetP.O. Box 8472Harrisburg, PA 17105-8472717 787-6239

Puerto Rico

Environmental Quality BoardOffice of the GovernorBanco Nationale Plaza BuildingSuite 431Hatorey, PR 00910809 767-8056

Rhode Island

Division of Waste ManagementDepartment of EnvironmentalManagement291 Promenade StreetProvidence, RI 02908401 277-2797

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23

South Carolina

Division of Hazardous and InfectiousWaste ManagementDepartment of Health andEnvironmental Control2600 Bull StreetColumbia, SC 29201803 896-4000

South Dakota

Division of EnvironmentalRegulationDepartment of Environment andNatural Resources523 E. Capitol Avenue, Foss BuildingPierre, SD 57501-3181605-733-3153

Tennessee

Division of Solid Waste ManagementTennessee Department ofEnvironmental Conservation401 Church StreetL&C Tower, 5th FloorNashville, TN 37243615 532-0780

Texas

Industrial and Hazardous WasteDivisionTexas Natural Resources ConservationCommissionP.O. Box 13087Austin, TX 78711-3087512 239-6592

Utah

Hazardous Waste Compliance SectionDivision of Solid and HazardousWaste ManagementDepartment of EnvironmentalQualityP.O. Box 144880Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880801 538-6170

Vermont

Hazardous Waste ManagementDivisionDepartment of EnvironmentalConservationAgency of Natural Resources103 South Main Street, West BuildingWaterbury, VT 05671802 241-3888

Virgin Islands

Division of Environmental ProtectionDepartment of Planning and NaturalResourcesGovernment of the Virgin Islands1118 Watergut Homes,Christiansted ProjectSt. Croix, VI 00820809 773-0565

Virginia

Office of Waste ResourceManagementWaste DivisionDepartment of EnvironmentalQualityP.O. Box 10009Richmond, VA 23240-0009804 527-5145

Washington

Division of Hazardous Waste andToxics ProgramDepartment of EcologyP.O. Box 47600Olympia, WA 98504-7600206 407-6758

West Virginia

Hazardous Waste ManagementSectionDivision of Environmental ProtectionBureau of EnvironmentState Complex Building 3, Room 7321356 Hansford StreetCharleston, WV 25301304 558-5929

Wisconsin

Hazardous Waste ManagementSectionDivision of Environmental QualityDepartment of Natural Resources101 S. Webster StreetMadison, WI 53702608 266-2111

Wyoming

Solid and Hazardous Waste DivisionState of Wyoming Department ofEnvironmental Regulation122 West 25th StreetHerschler BuildingCheyenne, WY 82002307 777-7752

EPA AND OTHER FEDERAL RESOURCECENTERS

RCRA/Superfund/OUST Hotline

RCRA/SF/OUST Hotline1725 Jefferson Davis HighwayArlington, VA 22202Phone: 800 424-9346, or TDD 800553-7672Fax: 703 486-3333

Answers questions on matters related tosolid waste, hazardous waste, or under-ground storage tanks. Also can be usedto find and order EPA publications.

Small Business OmbudsmanClearinghouse/Hotline

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencySmall Business Ombudsman (1230C)401 M Street, SW.Washington, DC 20460Phone: 800 368-5888Fax: 703 305-6462

Helps private citizens, small businesses,and smaller communities with questionson all program aspects within EPA.

Department of Transportation(DOT) Hotline

Office of Hazardous MaterialsStandards (DOT)Research and Special ProgramsAdministration400 7th Street, SW.Washington, DC 20590-0001Phone: 202 366-4488Fax: 202 366-3753

Answers questions on matters related toDOT’s hazardous materials transporta-tion regulations.

RCRA Docket Information Center(RIC)

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyRCRA Docket Information Center(5305)401 M Street, SW.Washington, DC 20460Phone: 202 260-9327Fax: 202 260-9327E-mail: RCRA-Docket @epamail.epa.gov

Holds and provides public access to allregulatory materials on solid waste anddistributes technical and nontechnicalinformation on solid waste.

Pollution Protection InformationClearinghouse (PPIC)

PPIC-EPA401 M Street, SW. (3404)Washington, DC 20460Phone: 202 260-1023Fax: 202 260-0178E-mail: PPIC @ epamail.epa.gov

Provides a library and an electronicbulletin board (accessible by any PCequipped with a modem) dedicated toinformation on pollution prevention.

EPA Main Library

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyHeadquarters Library401 M Street, SW., Room 2904Washington, DC 20460Phone: 202 260-5921 or 5922Fax: 202 260-6257E-mail: Library-HQ @epamail.epa.gov

Maintains environmental referencematerials for EPA staff and the generalpublic, including books, journals,abstracts, newsletters, and audio-visualmaterials generated by governmentagencies and the private sector. Alsoprovides access to online computer service bulletin boards, and CD-ROMsystems.

Public Information Center (PIC)

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencyPublic Information Center (3404)401 M Street, SW.Washington, DC 20460Phone: 202 260-7751Fax: 202 260-6257E-mail: Public-access @epamail.epa.gov

Serves as the primary point of contactbetween EPA and the public. Referscalls and letters to the appropriatesources for technical information, anddistributes a variety of general-interestitems.

24

APPENDIX B

25

EPA REGIONAL CONTACTS

EPA Region 1

Waste Management BranchJFK Federal BuildingBoston, MA 02203-2211617 573-5770Library: 617 573-9687

EPA Region 2

Hazardous Waste Compliance Branch290 Broadway, 21st FloorNew York, NY 10007-1866212 637-3000Library: 212 637-3187

EPA Region 3

Hazardous Waste ManagementDivision (3HW00)841 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19107215 597-9800Library: 215 597-6633

EPA Region 4

RCRA Branch345 Courtland Street, NEAtlanta, GA 30365404 347-3016Library: 404 347-4216

EPA Region 5

RCRA Program Management Branch77 W. Jackson BoulevardChicago, IL 60604312 353-8510Library: 312 353-2022

EPA Region 6

RCRA Programs Branch (6H-H)1445 Ross AvenueDallas, TX 75202214 665-6444Library: 214 665-6424

EPA Region 7

RCRA Branch726 Minnesota AvenueKansas City, KS 66101913 551-7020Library: 913 551-7241

EPA Region 8

Hazardous Waste ManagementDivisionOne Denver Place999 18th Street, Suite 500 (8HWM)Denver, CO 80202-2466303 293-1603Library: 303 293-1603800 227-8917 (Within Region)

EPA Region 9

Hazardous Waste ManagementDivision75 Hawthorne StreetSan Francisco, CA 94105415 744-1730Library: 415 744-1510

EPA Region 10

Waste Management Branch (HW-102)1200 Sixth AvenueSeattle, WA 98101206 553-1200Library: 206 553-1289

APPENDIX C

26

WORKSHEET 3 THESE QUESTIONS ARE GEARED TOWARD THE FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS FORSQGs BUT MAY BE HELPFUL FOR OTHER HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS. USETHEM TO HELP PREPARE FOR A VISIT FROM A FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL AGENCY.

YES NO

❑ ❑ Do you have documentation on the amount and kinds of hazardous waste that you gener-ate and on how you determined that they are hazardous?

❑ ❑ Do you have a U.S. EPA identification number?

❑ ❑ Do you ship wastes off site?

❑ ❑ If so, do you know the name of the transporter and the designated TSDF that you use?

❑ ❑ Do you have copies of completed manifests used to ship your hazardous wastes over thepast three years?

❑ ❑ Are they filled out correctly?

❑ ❑ Have they been signed by the designated TSDF and transporter?

❑ ❑ If you have not received your signed copy of the manifest from the TSDF, have you filed anexception report?

❑ ❑ Is your hazardous waste stored in proper containers or tanks?

❑ ❑ Are the containers or tanks properly dated and/or marked?

❑ ❑ Have you complied with the handling requirements described in this handbook?

❑ ❑ Have you designated an emergency coordinator?

❑ ❑ Have you posted emergency telephone numbers and the location of emergency equipment?

❑ ❑ Are your employees thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures?

❑ ❑ Do you understand when you need to contact the National Response Center?

❑ ❑ Do you store your waste for no more than 180 days, or 270 days if you ship your wastemore than 200 miles?

By-ProductA material that is not one of the pri-mary products of a productionprocess. Examples of by-products areprocess residues such as slags or dis-tillation column bottoms.

Commercial Chemical ProductA chemical substance that is manu-factured or formulated forcommercial or manufacturing use.

ContainerAny portable device in which amaterial is stored, transported, treat-ed, disposed of, or otherwisehandled.

Elementary Neutralization Unit A tank, tank system, container, transport vehicle, or vessel (includ-ing ships) that is designed to containand neutralize corrosive waste.

Reclaimed MaterialMaterial that is regenerated orprocessed to recover a usable prod-uct. Examples are the recovery oflead values from spent batteries andthe regeneration of spent solvents.

Recovered MaterialA material or by-product that hasbeen recovered or diverted fromsolid waste. Does not include mate-rials or by-products generated from,and commonly used within, an orig-inal manufacturing process.

Recycled MaterialA material that is used, reused, orreclaimed.

Reused MaterialA material that is employed as aningredient in an industrial process tomake a product, or as an effectivesubstitute for a commercial product.

Spent MaterialAny material that has been usedand, as a result of contamination,can no longer serve the purpose forwhich it was produced without firstprocessing it.

SludgeAny solid, semi-solid, or liquid wastegenerated from a municipal, com-mercial, or industrial wastewatertreatment plant, water supply treat-ment plant, or air pollution controlfacility, exclusive of the treated efflu-ent from a wastewater treatmentplant.

Still BottomResidue or by-product of a distilla-tion process such as solventrecycling.

TankA stationary device designed to contain an accumulation of haz-ardous waste that is constructedprimarily of nonearthen materials(e.g., wood, concrete, steel, plastic).

Totally Enclosed TreatmentFacilityA facility for the treatment of hazardous waste that is directly connected to an industrial produc-tion process and that is constructedand operated so as to prevent therelease of hazardous waste into theenvironment during treatment. Anexample is a pipe in which waste acidis neutralized.

Toxicity Characteristic LeachingProcedureA testing procedure used to deter-mine whether a waste is hazardous.The procedure identifies waste thatmight leach hazardous constituentsinto groundwater if improperlymanaged.

Wastewater Treatment UnitA tank or tank system that is subjectto regulation under either Section402 or 307(b) of the Clean WaterAct, and that treats or stores aninfluent wastewater that is hazardouswaste, or that treats or stores awastewater treatment sludge that ishazardous.

DEFINITIONS

Solvents:Solvents, spent solvents, solvent mixtures, or solvent still bottoms areoften hazardous. The following are some commonly used hazardoussolvents (also see ignitable wastes for other hazardous solvents, and 40CFR 261.31 for most listed hazardous waste solvents):

Benzene F005 Toluene F005Carbon Disulfide F005 Trichloroethylene F001, F002Carbon Tetrachloride F001 Trichlorofluoromethane F002Chlorobenzene F002 Trichlorotrifluoroethane F002Cresols F004 (Valclene)Cresylic Acid F004 White Spirits D001O-Dichlorobenzene F002Ethanol D0012-Ethoxyethanol F005Ethylene Dichloride D001Isobutanol F005Isopropanol D001Kerosene D001Methyl Ethyl Ketone F005Methylene Chloride F001, F002Naphtha D001Nitrobenzene F0042-Nitrobenzene F004Petroleum Solvents D001(Flashpoint less than 1407F)Pyridine F0051,1,1-Trichloroethane F001, F0021,1,2-Trichloroethane F002Tetrachloroethylene F001, F002(Perchloroethylene)

Acids:Acids, bases, or mixtures hav-ing a pH less than or equal to2 or greater than or equal to12.5 are considered corrosive

(for a complete description of corrosivewastes, see 40 CFR 261.22). All corrosivematerials and solutions have the waste codeD002. The following are some of the morecommonly used corrosives:

Acetic AcidAmmonium Hydroxide OleumChromic AcidHydrobromic AcidHydrochloric AcidHydrofluoric AcidNitric AcidPerchloric AcidPhosphoric AcidPotassium HydroxideSodium HydroxideSulfuric Acid

Dry CleaningFiltration Residues:

Cooked powder residue (per-chloroethylene plants only), stillresidues, and spent cartridge fil-ters containing perchloroethylene or valclene are hazardous and have the waste

code F002. Still residues containing petroleum solvents with a flashpoint less than 1407F areconsidered hazardous and have the waste code D001.

Heavy Metals/Inorganics:Heavy metals and other inorganic waste materials are considered hazardous ifthe extract from a representative sample of the waste has any of the specificconstituents concentrations as shown in 40 CFR 262.24, Table 1. Materialsmay include dusts, solutions, wastewater treatment sludges, paint wastes, and

waste inks. The following are common heavy metals/inorganics:

Arsenic D004 Lead D008Barium D005 Mercury D009Cadmium D006 Selenium D010Chromium D007 Silver D011

Ink Sludges Containing Chromium and Lead:This category includes solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes andsludges, and water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and equipmentused in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizerscontaining chromium and lead. All ink sludges have the waste code K086.

Ignitable Wastes:Ignitable wastes are any liquids that have a flashpoint less than 140 7F, anynon-liquids that are capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption ofmoisture, or spontaneous chemical change, or any ignitable compressed gasas described in 49 CFR 173.300 (for a complete description of ignitable

wastes, see 40 CFR 261.21). Examples are spent solvents, solvent still bottoms, epoxyresins and adhesives, and waste inks containing flammable solvents. Unless otherwisespecified, all ignitable wastes have the waste code D001.

Acetone F003 Chlorobenzene F002Benzene F005 Cyclohexanone F003n-Butyl Alcohol F003 Ethyl Acetate F003

Ethyl Benzene F003Ethyl Ether F003Ethylene Dichloride D001Methanol F003Methyl Isobutyl Ketone F003Petroleum Distillates D001Xylene F003

Lead-Acid Batteries:Used lead-acid batteries shouldbe reported on the notificationform only if they are not recy-cled. Used lead-acid batteries

that are recycled do not need to be counted indetermining the quantity of waste that yougenerate per month. Special requirements doapply if you recycle your batteries on yourown premises (see 40 CFR Part 266).

Lead Dross D008Spent Acids D002Lead-Acid Batteries D008

Pesticides:The pesticides listed below arehazardous. Wastes markedwith an asterisk (*) have beendesignated acutely hazardous.

For a more complete listing, see 40 CFR261.32 for specific listed pesticides, andother wastes, wastewaters, sludges, and by-products from pesticide formulators.

*Aldicarb P070Amitrole U0111,2-Dichloropropene U084*Heptachlor P059Lindane U129*Methyl Parathion P071*Parathion P089*Phorate P094

Reactives:Reactive wastes include materi-als or mixtures that are unstable,react violently with or formexplosive mixtures with water,

generate toxic gases or vapors when mixedwith water (or when exposed to pH condi-tions between 2 and 12.5 in the case of

cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes), or are capable of detonation or explosive reaction whenheated or subject to shock (for a complete description of reactive wastes, see 40 CFR2612.23). Unless otherwise specified, all reactive wastes have the waste code D003. The fol-lowing materials are commonly considered to be reactive:

Acetyl Chloride Cyanides Organic Peroxides PermanganatesChromic Acid Hypochlorites Perchlorates Sulfides

Spent Plating and Cyanide Wastes:Spent plating wastes contain cleaning solutions and plating solutions with caus-tics, solvents, heavy metals, and cyanides. Cyanide wastes may also be generatedfrom heat treatment operations, pigment production, and manufacturing of anti-caking agents. Plating wastes generally have the waste codes F006-F009, with

F007 and F009 containing cyanide. Cyanide heat treating wastes generally have the wastecodes F010-F012 (see 40 CFR 261.31 for a more complete description of plating wastes).

Wood Preserving Agents:The wastewater treatment sludges from wastewater treatment operations are con-sidered hazardous. Bottom sediment sludges from the treatment of wastewaterprocesses that use creosote and pentachlorophenol have the waste code K001. Inaddition, unless otherwise indicated, specific wood preserving compounds are:

Chromated Copper Arsenate D004 Pentachlorophenol F027Creosote U051

EPA HAZARDOUS

WASTE CODES FOR WASTE STREAMS

COMMONLY GENERATED BY

SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS

This list can be used as a guide for small quantity generators to deter-mine which of their wastes, if any, are hazardous, and to determinethe EPA waste codes associated with each waste. It is not intended

to provide a comprehensive list of all waste codes and waste streams thatsmall businesses could generate. Except for the pesticide and wood pre-serving categories, this list does not include waste codes for commercial chemical products that are hazardous when discardedunused. These wastes, as well as all others not listed here, can be foundin Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) Part 261. Ifyou have any questions, contact your state agency or the RCRA Hotlineat 703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323 in the Washington, DC, areaor at 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 533-7672 from other locations.