Unity and Sectionalism

Chapter 10, Section 3

The Era of Good Feelings

1.Who was elected President in 1816?•  James Monroe2. Why was his presidency called the Era of

Good Feelings?• Political differences seemed to fade away –

He symbolized these good feelings – sense of dignity, toured the nation

Sectionalism Grows

 

3. What caused the Era of Good Feelings to end?

  Regional differences

4. Define - sectionalism: Loyalty to a region or section of the country

 

 

Sectionalism Grows

5. Three powerful voices emerged in Congress in the early 1800s. List them and explain their views concerning their region.

• 1. John C. Calhoun – South Carolina, chief supporter of state sovereignty – against the tariff

•   2. Daniel Webster – New Hampshire & Massachusetts – favored the tariff, great speaker – defended the nation as a whole – against sectional interests

• 3. Henry Clay – Kentucky, tried to solve disputes through compromise - Great Compromiser

Missouri Compromise6. Describe the terms of the Missouri

Compromise:1. Missouri – enter the Union as a slave state

2. Maine – enter the Union as a free state

3. Slavery would be banned in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 degree 30 minute N parallel

                                           

     

The American System

7. Explain the 3 parts of Clay’s system:1. Protective tariff – protect American industry

2. Internal improvements - roads & canals to stimulate trade in the US

3. National bank – to control inflation and to lend money to build industry

What part of Clay’s System did Congress adopt?

some internal improvements

Supreme Court Decisions

8. In McCulloch V. Maryland the Supreme Court established the foundation of expanded Congressional authority by ruling: Maryland had no right to tax the Bank because it was a federal institution.

9. In Gibbons V. Ogden the Court’s rulings strengthened the national government by establishing that states could not enact legislations that would interfere with interstate commerce. They also contributed to the debate over sectional issues.

Foreign Affairs

In 1817, in the Rush-Bagot Treaty, the United States and Britain agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes. The treaty provided for the disarmament along an important part of the border between the US and British Canada.

Foreign Affairs

The Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between the US and Canada at the 49th parallel. The convention created a secure and demilitarized border. Americans also gained the right to settle the Oregon Territory.

10. In April, 1818, General Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish East Florida. This demonstrated the military strength of the US.

11. Spain signed the Adams-Onis Treaty. Spain gave East Florida to the US and abandoned all claims to West Florida.

The Monroe Doctrine

• 12. President Monroe issued a statement, later known as the Monroe Doctrine, on December 2, 1823. While the US would not interfere with any existing European colonies in the Americas, Monroe declared, it would oppose any new ones. North and South America “are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.

• The Monroe Doctrine became an important element in American foreign policy and has remained so for more than 170 years.