university of calicut history-vi sem elective cour… · school of distance education history of...

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENTS

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT


VI SEMESTER

B.A HISTORY

(2011 ADMISSION ONWARDS)

ELECTIVE COURSE


QUESTION BANK

1. Rights for all members of the human family were first articulated in………………. in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR).

a) 1938 b) 1948 c) 1958 d) 1968

2. Rights for all members of the human family were first articulated in 1948 inthe …………….Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

a) United Nations’ b) American c) Babylonian d) Britain

3. The ……………. articles of the Declaration together form a comprehensivestatement covering economic, social, cultural, political, and civil rights.

a) 30 b) 33 c) 35 d) 38

4. The Hindu Vedas, the Babylonian Code of……………., the Bible, the Quran(Koran), and the Analects of Confucius are five of the oldest written sourceswhich address questions of people’s duties, rights, and responsibilities.

a) Hammurabi b) Jimmy Carter c) Nelson Mandela d) Vaclav Havel

5. In addition, the Inca and Aztec codes of conduct and justice and an IroquoisConstitution were Native …………..sources that existed well before the 18thcentury.

a) American b) French c) Indian d) Spanish



6. Documents asserting individual rights, such the Magna Carta

a) 1215 b) 1216 c) 1218 d) 1315

7. The English Bill of Rights……………

a)1669 b)1679 c)1689 d)1789

8. The French Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen

a)1789 b)1796 c)1799 d)1879

9. The …………….Constitution and Bill of Rights (1791) are the writtenprecursors to many of today’s human rights documents.

a) US b) Indian c) French d) Pakistan

10. In ……… countries established the International Labor Organization (ILO) tooversee treaties protecting workers with respect to their rights, includingtheir health and safety.

a) 1919 b) 1929 c) 1939 d) 1949

11. Concern over the protection of certain minority groups was raised by the…………………

a) League of Nations b) UNO

c)Washington conference d)Moscow conference

12. The end of the First World War……………..

a)1914 b)1918 c)1939 d)1945

13. The League floundered because the United States refused to join andbecause the League failed to prevent Japan’s invasion of China andManchuria in …………………..

a)1921 b)1931 c)1936 d)1941

14. ………….attack on Ethiopia 1935.

a) Italy’s b)Germany’s c)Japan’s d)Britain’s

15. The Second World War broke out in ………….

a) 1914 b) 1934 c) 1939 d) 1945

16. The idea of human rights emerged stronger after ………………….

a)World War I b) World War II

c) Washington conference d)Moscow conference

17. The extermination by Nazi ……………of over six million Jews, Sinti andRomani (gypsies), homosexuals, and persons with disabilities horrified theworld.

a) Germany b) Italy c) America d) Sweden



18. Trials were held in …………….and Tokyo after World War II, and officialsfrom the defeated countries were punished for committing war crimes,"crimes against peace," and "crimes against humanity."

a) Nuremberg b) Cairo c) Peking d) Moscow

19. The essence of these emerging human rights principles was captured inPresident …………..1941 State of the Union Address when he spoke of aworld founded on four essential freedoms: freedom of speech and religionand freedom from want and fear.

a) Franklin D, Roosevelt’s b) Abraham Lincoln

c) Lyndon B. Johnson d)Woodrow Wilson

20. The San Francisco meeting that drafted the United Nations Charter in………………………

a)1915 b)1925 c)1935 d)1945

21. On December 10, ……………., the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)was adopted by the 56 members of the United Nations.

a) 1928 b) 1938 c) 1948 d) 1958

22. The……………., commonly referred to as the international Magna Carta,extended the revolution in international law ushered in by the UnitedNations Charter – namely, that how a government treats its own citizens isnow a matter of legitimate international concern, and not simply a domesticissue.

a) UDHR b) ICESCR c) UNIFEM d) UNESCO

23. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was held in …………

a) 1921 b) 1931 c) 1951 d) 1957

24. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination againstWomen was held in ……………………..

a) 1929 b) 1939 c) 1949 d) 1979

25. Convention on the Rights of the Child held in ………………

a) 1939 b) 1949 c) 1959 d) 1989

26. African states have created their own Charter of Human and People’s Rightsin …………………a)1951 b)1961 c)1981 d)1989

27. Muslim states have created the …………….Declaration on Human Rights inIslam (1990).a) Cairo b) Tehran c) Washington d) Peking

28. NGO activities surrounding the 1995 United Nations Fourth WorldConference on Women in Beijing, …………., drew unprecedented attention toserious violations of the human rights of women.a) China b) Japan c) America d) Britain



29. Although human rights are fundamental to all functions of the UN, humanrights issues mainly fall under……………

a) ECOSOC b) UNIFEM c) UNESCO d) WHO

30 …………….. Develops international labor standards and provides technicalassistance training to governments.

a) ILO b) UNIFEM c) WHO d) UNESCO

31 …………….Works with other UN bodies, governments, and nongovernmentalorganizations to provide community-based services in primary healthcare,basic education, and safe water and sanitation for children in developingcountries.

a) UNICEF b) UNIFEM c) UNESCO d) WHO

32 …………….Promotes economic and political empowerment of women indeveloping countries, working to ensure their participation in developmentplanning and practices, as well as their human rights.

a) UNIFEM b) UNESCO c) WHO d) ILO

33 ………… Pursues intellectual cooperation in education, science, culture, andcommunications and promotes development through social, cultural, andeconomic projects.

a) UNESCO b) WHO c) UNIFEM d) UNICEF

34 ………………… Conducts immunization campaigns, promotes andcoordinates research, and provides technical assistance to countries that areimproving their health systems.

a) WHO b) UNIFEM c) UNICEF d) ILO

35. The UN Security Council, comprising …………..member states, is responsiblefor making decisions regarding international peace and security.

a) 15 b) 17 c) 18 d) 20

36. The ……………… is the administrative arm of the UN, responsible foroverseeing the programs and policies established by the other UN organs.

a) Secretariat b) ICCPR c) ICERD d) CEDAW

37. The position of UN High Commissioner on Human Rights, currently held byMary Robinson, the former President of…………….., is part of the UNSecretariat.

a) China b) USSR c) UK d) Ireland

38. At the International Peace Conference in Hague in ............. over 25 nationsmet for ten weeks to codify the laws of war, both on land and at sea.a) 1889 b) 1899 c) 1934 d) 1945

39. At the Treaty of Versailles in.............., the victors of the First World Warconvened to negotiate a peace settlement.a) 1879 b) 1889 c) 1917 d) 1919



40. The League had originally been proposed by the president of the UnitedStates (US)..................., but domestic pressure prevented the US from everjoining.

a) Woodrow Wilson b) Winston Churchillc) Franklin D. Roosevelt d) Nixon

41. The League of Nations lasted only until..............; it dissolved after it failed toprevent the outbreak of World War II.

a) 1936 b) 1946 c) 1956 d) 1958

42. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the President of the................

a) United States b) Japan c)China d)France

43. ......................was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

a) Winston Churchill b) Woodrow Wilson

c) Franklin D. Roosevelt d) Abraham Lincoln

44. Roosevelt and Churchill signed in the Atlantic Charter while on board theHMS Prince of Wales on August 14,...............

a) 1911 b) 1921 c) 1931 d) 1941

45. On January 1, ..............., representatives from the 26 Allied nationsgathered in Washington, DC to sign the Declaration by United Nations.

a) 1932 b) 1942 c) 1952 d) 1962

46. The term "United Nations" had been suggested by President...................

a) Roosevelt b) Naomi Klein c) Donnelly Jack d) Woodrow Wilson

47. On February 11, 1945, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill andPremier Joseph Stalin met at ............and announced their resolution to form"a general international organization to maintain peace and security".

a) Yalta b) Moscow c) Teheran d) New York

48. The San Francisco Conference of ............ propelled the United Nations intoreality.

a) 1925 b) 1935 c) 1938 d) 1945

49. The United Nations officially became an institution with the ratification ofthe UN Charter on October 24,...............a) 1928 b) 1935 c) 1938 d) 1945

50. The UN Headquarters were first established in ...........City on October 24,1949.a) New York b) Yalta c) Teheran d) Moscow

51. The International Court of Justice, the judicial branch of the UN, is basedin................, the Netherlands, and was established in 1945 by the Charterof the United Nations.a) Hague b) New York c) Yalta d) Teheran



52. The position of the High Commissioner for Human Rights was established bythe General Assembly of the United Nations in December...............

a) 1933 b) 1943 c) 1953 d) 1993

53. The post of High Commissioner for Human Rights was first held by...................of Ecuador.

a) Mr. José Ayala-Lasso b) Jeremy Bentham c) St. Thomas Aquinas d)JohnLocke

54. One of the first examples of a codification of laws that contain references toindividual rights is the tablet of……………...

a) Hammurabi b) Socrates c) Plato d) Thomas Hobbes

55. British Magna Carta was in the year………………

a)1212 b)1213 c)1215 d)1325

56. French Declaration of the Rights of Man was in the year…………..

a)1669 b)1678 c)1689 d)1789

57. American Bill of Rights, ……………….

a)1779 b)1789 c)1798 d)1879

58 ………………… came up with the ‘social contract theory’, that stated that allindividuals in a society had entered into a contract to form a civilized societyin exchange for the government giving them equality.

a) Rousseau b) Immanuel Kant c) John Stuart Mill d) Aristotle

59. In his book ‘On Liberty’, …………strongly disagrees with utilitarianism, andsees it as a type of tyranny by the majority.

a)James Mill b) Karl Marx

c)Friedrich Engels d) Ronald Dworkin

60. Madam Justice ………….was appointed in 1996 by the United NationsSecurity Council to be the chief prosecutor for the International CriminalTribunal for Yugoslavia and Rwanda.

a) Louise Arbour b) John Rawls c) Jean Kambanda d) James Mill

61. ……………was able to successfully arrest and convict Jean Kambanda, thenprime minister of Rwanda, for his role in the genocides in 1994.

a) Judge Arbour b) John Rawls c) James Mill d) Jean Kambanda

62 ……………… was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India to Hinduparents.

a)Mahatma Gandhi b) Thomas Paine

c) John Stuart Mill d) G.W.F. Hegel



63 …………. had an arranged marriage with Kasturbai Makani, when both ofthem were 13 years old.

a) John Stuart Mill b) Thomas Paine

c) Mahatma Gandhi d) G.W.F. Hegel

64 ………………. sailed to South Africa as part of his work for a Muslim legalfirm, where he experiences discrimination first hand, and worked to improvethe rights of immigrant Indians.

a) Mahatma Gandhi b) Martin Luther King Jr

c)Francisco de Vitoria d) Bartolomé de Las Casas.

65. In January 1948,………….. was tragically killed by an assassin opposed tohis belief in passive resistance, and tolerance of all people.

a) Mahatma Gandhi b) Martin Luther King Jr


66. Martin Luther King Jr.was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement in……………… during the mid 20th century.

a) America b) South Africa c) Soviet Union d) Yugoslavia

67. ……………was elected leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association,which boycotted the transit system in Alabama to combat racial segregation.

a) Martin Luther King Jr b) Karl Marx


68. Martin Luther King Jr organized the Southern Christian LeadershipConference to publicize the need for civil rights in…………….

a) America b) Britain c) Spain d) China

69. Martin Luther King Jr was also instrumental in bringing forth the passage ofthe Civil Rights Act in ………………..

a)1934 b)1939 c)1954 d)1964

70 …………….. was a member of the Royal Irish Academy and the InternationalCommission of Jurists in Geneva from 1987 to 1990.

a) Francisco de Vitoria b) Friedrich Nietzsche

c) Mary Robinson d) Bartolomé de Las Casas.

71. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the president of ………………..

a)America b)Britain c)India d)China

72. Eleanor Roosevelt was First Lady from 1933 to 1945, wife to …………

a) Bartolomé de Las Casas. b) M. Robinson

c)Francisco de Vitoria d) Franklin D. Roosevelt



73. Aung San Suu Kyi was born in…………….

a) Japan b) Malaya c) Indonesia d) Burma

74. Aung San Suu Kyi’s father was the de facto prime minister of……………., andwas murdered when she was two years old.

a) Burma b) Malaya c) Indonesia d)Japan

75. Horrified by the brutal atrocities commited by the military leader Ne Winagainst protesters, ……………..formed the National League for Democracy,advocating non violent protest for human rights.

a) Aung San Suu Kyi b) Charles Blattberg c) Alain Pellet d)Alain de Benoist

76. The atrocities of The Holocaust, culminated in the adoption of the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights in ................by the United Nations GeneralAssembly in 1948.

a) Paris b) Delhi c) Dhaka d) Islamabad

77. The term human rights probably came into use sometime betweenPaine's The Rights of Man and ................ 1831 writings in The Liberator, inwhich he stated that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause ofhuman rights".

a) William Lloyd Garrison's b) Jeremy Bentham

c) Edmund Burke d) David Kennedy

78. William Wilberforce in ................worked towards the abolition of slavery.

a) Britain b) America c) China d)Japan

79. This was achieved in the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act 1807 andthe Slavery Abolition Act was passed in British Empire in................

a) 1833 b)1843 c)1853 d)1863

80. At the 1945 .............. Conference, the Allied Powers agreed to create a newbody to supplant the League's role; this was to be the United Nations.

a) Yalta b) Washington c) Paris d) Delhi

81. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by theUnited Nations General Assembly in............., partly in response to theatrocities of World War II.a) 1948 b) 1958 c) 1968 d) 1978

82. The UDHR was framed by members of the Human Rights Commission, withformer First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt as Chair, who began to discuss anInternational Bill of Rights in................a) 1927 b)1937 c)1944 d)1947

83. In............., the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and CulturalRights (ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations.a) 1926 b)1936 c)1956 d)1966



84. The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as aresult of efforts by ..............., the founder of the International Committee ofthe Red Cross.

a) Henry Dunant b) John Humphrey c)René Cassin d)Mahatma Gandhi

85. The United Nations Human Rights Council, created at the ............... WorldSummit to replace the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, has amandate to investigate violations of human rights.

a) 2005 b)2007 c)2008 d)2009

86. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the UnitedNations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in........................

a)1918 b)1928 c)1938 d)1948

87. The Human Rights Act 1998 (also known as the Act or the HRA) came intoforce in the United Kingdom in October...............

a) 2000 b) 2004 c) 2005 d) 2008

88. On 10 December 1948 in.............., the General Assembly of the UnitedNations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR).

a) Paris b) Peking c) Delhi d) Lisbon

89. In Britain key developments include the Magna Carta of............., the HabeasCorpus Act of 1679 and the Bill of Rights of 1689.

a) 1215 b)1225 c)1235 d)1245

90. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted in...............This is monitored by the UN Human Rights Committee.

a) 1926 b) 1936 c) 1946 d) 1966

91. Slavery Abolition Act …………. effectively banned slavery in the BritishEmpire

a) 1823 b) 1833 c) 1846 d) 1849

92. ................was one of Britain’s great social reformers.

a) William Wilberforce b)John Humphrey c) René Cassin d)Mahatma Gandhi

93. ..................... died in 1833, just three days before Parliament passed theSlavery Abolition Act 1833, which effectively banned slavery in the BritishEmpire.

a) William Wilberforce b) Woodrow Wilson

c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Paul Gready

94. ......................was born in Hull, to a wealthy family.

a) Woodrow Wilson b) William Wilberforce

c) Paul Gready d) Mahatma Gandhi



95. It was at Cambridge that .................became friends with William Pitt theyounger.

a) William Wilberforce b) Mahatma Gandhi

c) Abraham Lincoln d) Desmond Tutu

96. William Pitt was the Prime Minister of..................

a) England b) Spain c) America d) Portugal

97. Slave Trade Act was passed in British Empire in ……….

a) 1807 b)1809 c)1817 d)1827

98. On 26 July................, the Slavery Abolition Act was passed – outlawingslavery in most parts of the British Empire.

a) 1833 b) 1835 c) 1839 d) 1843

99. ........... was born on 24 August 1759 in Hull, the son of a wealthy merchant.

a) William Wilberforce b) Abraham Lincoln c)Philip Alston d) Olivia Ball

100. In ................. Wilberforce became Member of Parliament for Hull, laterrepresenting Yorkshire.

a) 1780 b) 1789 c) 1832 d) 1845

101. ............... retired from politics in 1825 and died on 29 July 1833, shortlyafter the act to free slaves in the British Empire passed through the Houseof Commons.a) Wilberforce b) Abraham Lincoln c) Desmond Tutu d) Mrs. Dadabhoy

102. While the term 'civil war' generically refers to a war within the nation, ithas now become synonymous to the American Civil War - also known asthe War Between the States – of................, which was fought between theUnited States of America (Union) and the Confederate States of America(Confederacy).a) 1761 b) 1767 c) 1856 d) 1861

103. The American Civil War started on 12th April, .............., and came to anend on 9th April, 1865, thus lasting for four years and resulting in heavyloss of life and property.a) 1841 b)1851 c)1861 d)1871

104. ............. became the President of the United States by defeating John C.Breckinridge - the nominee of the Southern faction, by a huge margin.a) Abraham Lincoln b) Desmond Tutuc) Jefferson Davis d)George W. Randolph

105. The Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln became the President of theUnited States by defeating ............- the nominee of the Southern faction,by a huge margin.a) John C. Breckinridge b) Jefferson Davisc) William Wilber Force d) Abraham Lincoln



106. The American Civil War finally came to an end with a victory for the Unionon 9th April,..................

a) 1765 b)1769 c)1865 d)1867

107. Soon after the War, American President ................under his capacity ofbeing the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy issued theEmancipation Proclamation which declared the freedom of all slaves in theConfederate States of America.

a) Abraham Lincoln b) Desmond Tutu

c) Jefferson Davis d)George W. Randolph

108. The history of slavery in America dates back to the seventeenth centurywhen slaves were brought to Virginia in.............

a) 1519 b) 1609 c) 1619 d) 1648

109. Abraham Lincoln was elected the President of United States in..................

a) 1760 b)1765 c)1860 d)1863

110. South Carolina was the first state to declare secession from the UnitedStates in .................

a) 1761 b)1768 c)1769 d)1861

111. On September 22, ............, Abraham Lincoln issued what is known as thePreliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

a) 1762 b)1767 c)1784 d)1862

112. As promised, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on1st January, ...............

a) 1743 b)1753 c)1764 d)1863

113. The American Civil War ended in ............. with the Northern forces underthe Union defeating the southern states fighting under Confederacy.

a) 1755 b)1765 c)1796 d)1865

114. The Congress passed the 13th amendment which abolished slavery in theUnited States on January 31, 1865, and it was ratified by the states onDecember 6,...................

a) 1755 b)1765 c)1768 d)1865

115. The American Civil War was fought in the years 1861-1865 over the issueof ……………...

a) slavery b)Communism c)Socialism d)Mercantilism

116. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in Porbandar,…………...

a) Delhi b)Bombay c)Haryana d) Gujarat

117. ………………. adopted the policy of mass disobedience and non-violentresistance as weapons against the British Rule in India and followed aprinciple of Ahimsa (total Non-Violence).



a) Andrew Johnson b) Abraham Lincoln

c) Gideon Welles d) Mahatma Gandhi

118. …………. birthday 2 October is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, anational holiday and as the International Non-Violence day across theworld.

a) Mahatma Gandhi’s b) Abraham Lincoln’s

c) Desmond Tutu’s d) Stonewall Jackson’s

119. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a town in Gujaratin western India on 2 October …………….

a) 1759 b)1769 c)1786 d)1869

120. At the age of 13 …………was married to one year older kasturba.

a) Mahatma Gandhi b) Abraham Lincoln

c) Desmond Tutu d) Stonewall Jackson

121. On 4th September……………., Mahatma Gandhi traveled to England tostudy law at the university College London and to train as a barrister, ashis family wanted him to be a barrister.

a) 1768 b) 1788 c) 1867 d) 1888

122. In 1906, the Transvaal government launched a new act forcing registrationof Indian population. Enraged by the act, a mass protest meeting was heldin ……………on 11 September in which Gandhi called on Indian people toresist the new act through non-violent and peaceful means.

a) Johannesburg b) Mississippi c) Georgia d) Alabama

123 …………. had started and popularized the term ‘Harijan’ for theUntouchables (though many saw it as patronizing).

a)Nelson Mandela b) Ambedkar

c)Martin Luther King, Jr. d) Mahatma Gandhi

124. ………… was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia.

a) Martin Luther King, Jr. b) F. W. de Klerk


125. While spending time in the Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester,…………. learned all about Mahatma Gandhi's policy against non-violence, and finally earned a degree in Divinity in 1951.



126. …………….. went on to Boston University, to complete his dissertation onthe subject, "A Comparison of the Conceptions of God in the Thinking ofPaul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman."



a) Desmond Tutu b) F. W. de Klerk

c) Abraham Lincoln d) Martin Luther King, Jr.

127. …………….. soon became a pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church inMontgomery, Alabama, after having married Coretta Scott in 1953, asinger he met while in Boston.


c) Abraham Lincoln d) Edmund Burke

128. In 1957, an organization called the Southern Christian LeadershipConference was formed, under the leadership of ……………., as a meansof leading the upcoming civil rights movement in the country.


c) Nelson Mandela d) Edmund Burke

129. As part of the poor people's campaign, ……….. went to Memphis,Tennessee on 29 March, 1968, in order to show support for the blacksanitation workers.


c) Nelson Mandela d) Edmund Burke

130 ………….., is now leading the United States of America as its president.

a) Barrack Obama b) F. W. de Klerk

c) Nelson Mandela d) Martin Luther King, Jr

131. The South African activist and former president …………….helped bringan end to apartheid and has been a global advocate for human rights.

a) F. W. de Klerk b) Nelson Mandela

c) Martin Luther King, Jr d) Edmund Burke

132. A member of the African National Congress party beginning in the 1940s,……………. was a leader of both peaceful protests and armed resistanceagainst the white minority’s oppressive regime in a racially divided SouthAfrica.

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk


133 ………….. became the first black president of South Africa in 1994.



134. ..................was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thimbu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo.

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk c) Martin Luther King, Jr d) Olivia Ball



135. ...................mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of Mphakanyiswa’s fourwives, who together bore him nine daughters and four sons.

a) Nelson Mandela’s b) F. W. de Klerk’s

c) Martin Luther King, Jr d) Olivia Ball’s

136. .................. went on to attend the Clarkebury Boarding Institute andHealdton, a Methodist secondary school, where he excelled in boxing andtrack as well as academics.


c) Martin Luther King, Jr d) Olivia Ball

137. In 1939 ...............entered the elite University of Fort Hare, the onlyWestern-style higher learning institute for South African blacks at the time.

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Paul Gready

138. In 1940 .............and several other students, including his friend andfuture business partner Oliver Tambo were sent home for participating in aboycott against university policies.

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Paul Gready

139. After learning that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him, .............fled to Johannesburg and worked first as a night watchman and then as alaw clerk while completing his bachelor’s degree by correspondence.

a) F. W. de Klerk b) Nelson Mandela c) Abraham Lincoln d) Paul Gready

140. ..............studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, where he becameinvolved in the movement against racial discrimination and forged keyrelationships with black and white activists.

a) F. W. de Klerk b) Nelson Mandela c) Abraham Lincoln d) Karel Vasak

141. In 1944, .................joined the African National Congress (ANC) and workedwith fellow party members, including Oliver Tambo, to establish its youthleague, the ANCYL.

a) Nelson Mandela b0 F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Philip Alston

142. In 1961, ..............co-founded and became the first leader of Umkhonto weSizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), also known as MK, a new armed wing of theANC.

a) Nelson Mandela b0 F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Karel Vasak

143. In January 1962, ...................travelled abroad illegally to attend aconference of African nationalist leaders in Ethiopia, visit the exiled OliverTambo in London and undergo guerrilla training in Algeria.

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Philip Alston



144 ............... spent the first 18 of his 27 years in jail at the brutal RobbenIsland Prison, a former leper colony off the coast of Cape Town, where hewas confined to a small cell without a bed or plumbing and compelled to dohard labour in a lime quarry.

a) Abraham Lincoln b) F. W. de Klerk c) Nelson Mandela d) Karel Vasak

145. While in confinement Mandela earned a bachelor of law degree from theUniversity of .............. and served as a mentor to his fellow prisoners,encouraging them to seek better treatment through nonviolent resistance.

a) London b) New Delhi c) Amritsar d) Allahabad

146. .............. drafted his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,”

a) Nelson Mandela b) F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Mrs. Dadabhoy

147. In 1980 ............ introduced a “Free Nelson Mandela” campaign that madethe jailed leader a household name and fuelled the growing internationaloutcry against South Africa’s racist regime.

a) Oliver Tambo b) F. W. de Klerk c) Abraham Lincoln d) Mrs. Ambujammal

148. In ............. Mandela was moved to Polls moor Prison on the mainland.

a) 1962 b)1972 c)1982 d)1992

149. In 1983, newly elected president ............. lifted the ban on the ANC andcalled for a nonracist South Africa, breaking with the conservatives in hisparty.

a) Robert E. Lee b) Abraham Lincoln c) F. W. de Klerk d) Ulysses S. Grant

150. On February 11, 1990, ................ ordered Mandela’s release.

a) F. W. de Klerk b) Abraham Lincoln c) Winfield Scott d) Mandela

151. ..................was sworn in as the first black president of South Africa, withde Klerk serving as his first deputy.

a) Mandela b) Abraham Lincoln c) Robert E. Lee d) Ulysses S. Grant

152. As president, ........... established the Truth and Reconciliation Commissionto investigate human rights and political violations committed by bothsupporters and opponents of apartheid between 1960 and 1994.

a) Mandela b) Abraham Lincoln c) Winfield Scott d) Thabo Mbeki

153. In 1996 ................. presided over the enactment of a new South Africanconstitution, which established a strong central government based onmajority rule and prohibited discrimination against minorities, includingwhites.

a) Abraham Lincoln b) Thabo Mbeki c) Makgatho d) Mandela

154. Improving race relations, discouraging blacks from retaliating against thewhite minority and building a new international image of a united SouthAfrica were central to President ......... agenda.



a) Mandela’s b) Oliver Tambo’s c) Abraham Lincoln’s d) Winfield Scott’s

155. In.............., the United Nations declared July 18 “Nelson MandelaInternational Day” in recognition of the South African leader’scontributions to democracy, freedom, peace and human rights around theworld.

a) 2001 b) 2002 c) 2004 d) 2009

156. Nelson Mandela was born July 18, 1918 in the royal lineage of the..............dynasty.

a) Thimbu b) Ulanova c) Romanov d) Mughal

157. ................ continued to study and practice the nonviolent resistancemethods of Mahatma Gandhi until the ruling National Party begancrushing all opposition.

a) Nelson Mandela b) Abraham Lincoln c) Robert E. Lee d) Ulysses S. Grant

158. A few years later .................. was sentenced to life imprisonment onRobben Island for his actions against the government.

a) Nelson Mandela b) Desmond Tutu c) Abraham Lincoln d) Winfield Scott

159. On February 10, .............., after a series of secret talks, F.W. de Klerk, thenewly appointed president granted Mandela his freedom.

a) 1860 b)1880 c)1976 d)1990

160. Mandela became the first democratically elected president of ................

a)South Africa b) Austria c)United States d)Britain

161. Rev. Dr.Desmond Mpilo Tutu is a ................ activist and Christian clericwho rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid.

a) South African b)Austrian c) United States' d)French

162 …………… was the first black South African Anglican Archbishop of CapeTown, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of SouthernAfrica.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) M.G.Ranade d) Winfield Scott

163. .............. received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, the Albert SchweitzerPrize for Humanitarianism in 1986, the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2005, andthePresidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) M.G.Ranade d) William T. Sherman

164 .................. was born in Klerksdorp, Transvaal, on 7 October 1931, thesecond of the three children of Zacheriah Zililo Tutu and his wife, Aletta,and the only son.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) Winfield Scott d) B. J. Vorster



165. ............. studied at the Pretoria Bantu Normal College from 1951 to 1953,and went on to teach at Johannesburg Bantu High School and atMunsienville High School in Mogale City.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) William T. Sherman d)Mandela

166 ................... continued his studies, this time in theology, at St Peter'sTheology College in Rosettenville, Johannesburg, and in 1960 was ordainedas an Anglican priest following in the footsteps of his mentor and fellowactivist, Trevor Huddleston.

a) Desmond Tutu b)B. J. Vorster c) Abraham Lincoln d)Mandela

167. In 1972, ......... returned to the UK, where he was appointed vice-director ofthe Theological Education Fund of the World Council of Churches,at Bromley in Kent.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) Wangari Maathai d) Samir Amin

168. .............returned to South Africa in 1975 and was appointed Anglican Deanof St. Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg -— the first black person to holdthat position.

a) Samir Amin b) Abraham Lincoln c) Wangari Maathai d) Desmond Tutu

169. On 2 July 1955, ........... married Nomalizo Leah Shenxane, a teacher whomhe had met while at college.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) Samir Amin d) Nelson Mandela

170. ................was appointed as the UN Lead for an investigation into the Israelibombings in the Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Abraham Lincoln c) Nelson Mandela d) Wangari Maathai

171. In January 2003, ........ attacked British Prime Minister Tony Blair's stancein supporting American President George W. Bush over Iraq.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Nelson Mandela c) Wangari Maathai d) Harold J. Laski

172. In 2009 ............... joined the project "Soldiers of Peace", a movie against allwars and for a global peace.

a) Lord Edwin Montague b) Desmond Tutu

c) Nelson Mandela d) Lord Chelmsford

173. In 1998, ............. was appointed as the Robert R Woodruff VisitingProfessor at Emory University, Atlanta.

a) Wangari Maathai b) Nelson Mandela c) Sarala Devi d) Desmond Tutu

174. In June 1999, ................was invited to give the annual Wilberforce Lecturein Kingston upon Hull, commemorating the life and achievements of theanti-slavery campaigner William Wilberforce.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Nelson Mandela c) Wangari Maathai d) Sarala Devi



175. In October 2008, Tutu received the Wallenberg Medal from the Universityof ............. in recognition of his life-long work in defense of human rightsand dignity.

a) Michigan b)Mississippi c) Georgia d) Alabama

176. In November 2008, ............... was awarded the J. William Fulbright Prizefor International Understanding.

a) Desmond Tutu b) Nelson Mandela c) Wangari Maathai d) Betty Williams

177. In 2009 Desmond Tutu received the Spiritual Leadership Award from theinternational Humanity's Team movement and the Presidential Medal ofFreedom from U.S. President ................

a) Wangari Maathai b) Nelson Mandela c) Betty Williams d) Mahatma Gandhi

178 …………….. was the first black South African Anglican Archbishop of CapeTown, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of SouthernAfrica (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa).

a) Desmond Tutu b) Nelson Mandela c) Wangari Maathai d) Mahatma Gandhi

179 ................. was born October 7, 1931 in Klerksdorph, Transvaal.


180. At the age of 12, .............moved with his family to Johannesburg.


181. In 1978 .............was the first black to hold the position of Dean of St.Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg.

a) Wangari Maathai b) Nelson Mandela

c) Desmond Tutu d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

182. Wangari Maathai was a …………environmental activist.

a) Kenyan b)American c)Indian d)British

183. ..............founded the Green Belt Movement in the 1970s seeking to promoteenvironmental conservation in Kenya and Africa.

a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar b) Nelson Mandela

c) Wangari Maathai d) Jody Williams

184. Wangari Maathai became the first .............women to receive the NobelPeace Prize in 2004 for "her contribution to sustainable development,democracy and peace."

a) African b) Austria c) United States d)British

185. ..............was born 1 April 1940 in the Nyeri District in the centralhighlands of Kenya.

a) Wangari Maathai b) Nelson Mandela

c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar d) Jody Williams



186. In ................., Wangari Maathai returned to Nairobi where she became thefirst East African women to receive a Ph.D - which she gained it inveterinary anatomy.

a)1949 b) 1969 c)1972 d)1975

187. Maathai led a movement to plant trees throughout ............... This becameknown as the Green Belt movement.

a) Maharashtra b)Gujarat c) Kenya d)Austria

188. The Green Belt movement was supported by the ............... Forestry Societyand Maathai later gained a job as coordinator.

a) Norwegian b)Austrian c)American d)France

189. In the early 1980s, ............... was elected chairman of the National Councilof Women of Kenya (NCWK).

a) Maathai b) Jody Williams c) Shirin Ebadi d) Betty Williams

190. The international human rights movement was strengthened when theUnited Nations General Assembly adopted of the Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights (UDHR) on 10 December.............

a) 1948 b)1952 c01956 d)1958

191. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the ViennaDeclaration and Programme of Action in................., in terms of whichthe United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights was established.a)1953 b)1963 c)1973 d) 1993

192. In ................, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights wasreplaced with the United Nations Human Rights Council for theenforcement of international human rights law.a) 2006 b)2008 c)2009 d)2011

193. Pursuant to Article 63, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rightscame into effect on October 21, .............., in honour of which October 21was declared African Human Rights Day.a) 1986 b)1988 c)1993 d)1996

194. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was established in ................with the purpose of enforcing and interpreting the provisions of theAmerican Convention on Human Rights.a) 1979 b)1985 c)1987 d)1989

195. The Council of Europe, founded in ..............., is the oldest organisationworking for European integration. The seat of the Council isin Strasbourg in France.a) 1949 b)1953 c)1956 d)1959

196. The Council of Europe, founded in 1949, is the oldest organisation workingfor European integration. The seat of the Council is in Strasbourg in ........a) France b)Austria c) Britain d)Spain



197. In 1998, Augusto Pinochet was arrested in ........... following an indictmentby Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón under the universal-jurisdictionprinciple.

a) London b) Maharashtra c) Gujarat d) Allahabad

198 ................ in his classic ‘A Grammar of Politics’ observed that every state isknown by the rights that it maintains.

a) Harold J. Laski b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar c) Nelson Mandela d) Namdev Dhasal

199 ..................., the architect of the Indian Constitution, categorically statedin the Constituent Assembly that rights of minorities should be absoluterights.

a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar b) Nelson Mandela

c) Durgabai Deshmukh d) Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya

200. Dalit Panther is a social organization, founded by ................. in April 1972in Mumbai.

a) Namdev Dhasal b) Nelson Mandela

c) Durgabai Deshmukh d)Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya

201 ............... is inspired by Black Panther Party, a revolutionary movementamongst African-Americans, which emerged in the United States andfunctioned from 1966-1982.

a) Dalit Panther b) Nelson Mandela


202. The initiative to form the Dalit Panther Movement was taken up by NamdeoDhasal at ..................

a) Mumbai b) Chhattisgarh c) Bihar d) Jharkhand

203. The controversy over the article "Kala Swatantrya Din"(Black IndependenceDay) by Dhale which was published in "Sadhana" created a great sensationand publicised the Dalit Panthers through ................

a) Maharashtra b) Bihar c) Maharashtra d)Gujarat

204. Bhils of Khandesh revolted against the ............ occupation in 1818.

a) British b)French c)Chinese d)Spanish

205. Pahariyas Revolt in ............... 1778

a) Jharkhand b) Chhattisgarh c) Bihar d)Uttarghand

206. Kol Uprisings in ................. 1784- 85

a) Maharastra b) Chhattisgarh c) Bihar d) Jharkhand

207. The Ulgulam was led by .............during 1895-1900 in Jharkhand.

a) Nelson Mandela b) Birsa Munda




208. Bhagat movement was centred on the Oran tribes of Chhotangapur in .......

a) Jharkhand b)Maharashtra c)Gujarat d)Allahabad

209. The Kukis of ............... revolted in 1917 under the leadership of Jadonangand his niece, Rani Gaidinliu.

a) Gujarat b)Lahore c) Manipur d)Maharashtra

210. In Bengal, ................., a prominent Brahmo Samaj leader, started awoman’s journal, held prayer meetings for women and developededucational programmes for women.

a) Keshub Chandra Sen b) Ram Mohan Roy

c)Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar d) R.G. Bhandarkar

211. Swarnakumari Devi formed the Ladies Society in .............. in 1882 foreducating and imparting skills to widows and other poor women to makethem economically self reliant.

a) Calcutta b) Pune c) Lahore d) Allahabad

212. ....................edited a women journal, Bharati, thus earning herself thedistinction of being the first Indian woman editor.

a) Ramabai Saraswati b) Swarnakumari Devi

c) Sarala Devi Chaudhurani d) Annie Besant

213. .................formed the Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune and a few years laterstarted the Sharda Sadan in Bombay.

a) Ramabai Saraswati b) Annie Besant c) Sarojini Naidu d) Malati Patwardhan

214. In 1910, ................. formed the Bharat Stree Mandal (Great Circle of IndiaWomen) with the object of bringing together“women of all castes, creeds,classes and parties… on the basis of their common interest in the moraland material progress of the women of India.”

a) Sarala Devi Chaudhurani b) Ramabai Saraswati

c) Annie Besant d) Sarojini Naidu

215. Women’s Indian Association (WIA) was founded in ................ by AnnieBesant, Margaret Cousins and Dorothy Jinarajadasa, all three Irish womenTheosophists, who had been suffragettes in their own country.

a) 1907 b) 1917 c) 1932 d) 1937

216. .............was in a sense the first all India women’s association with the clearobjective of securing voting rights for women.

a) WIA b) ICESCR c) UNIFEM d) UNESCO

217. The Indian National Congress at its session in Calcutta in 1917, over which............ presided, supported the demand of votes for women and so did theMuslim League.

a) Annie Besant b)Sarojini Naidu c) Malati Patwardhan, Ammu Swaminathan,



218. Travancore-Cochin, a princely state, was the first to give voting rights towomen in 1920, followed by Madras and Bombay in.............

a) 1911 b)1921 c)1931 d)1936

219. In the elections held in 1926, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya stood for the................ Legislative Council elections from Mangalore but was defeatedby a narrow margin.

a) Madras b) Pune c) Jharkhand d) Calcutta

220. The Madras Government nominated ..............., a noted social worker andmedical doctor, to the Legislative Council where she took up the women’scause.

a) Dr.Muthulakshmi Reddy b) Edmund Burkec

c) Malati Patwardhan d) Ammu Swaminathan,

221. Ten years after the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, the Simon Commissionwas appointed in ............. as the first step towards the formulation of anew India Act.

a)1907 b)1917 c) 1927 d)1937

222. In 1917 .................. had led the Ahmedabad textile workers’ strike andin1920 under her leadership the Majoor Mahajan, the Ahmedabad textilemill workers union was established.

a) Anasuya Sarabhai b)Maniben Kara c)Ushabai Dange d)Parvati Bhore

223. Women dissatisfied with the status quo joined struggles for the rural poorand industrial working class such as the Tebhaga movement in ................

a) Jharkhand b) Pune c) Bengal d) Bombay

224. The Telangana movement in ...........or the Naxalite movement.

a) Kerala b) Jharkhand c) Andhra Pradesh d)Bombay

225. Meanwhile in Ahmedabad, what was probably the first attempt at awomen’s trade union was made with the formation of the Self EmployedWomen’s Association (SEWA) at the initiative of ................ in 1972.

a) Ela Bhat b) Edmund Burke c) Malati Patwardhan d) Ammu Swaminathan,

226.The anti-price rise agitation launched in ............... in 1973 by Mrinal Gore ofthe Socialist Party and Ahalya Rangnekar of the CPI-M, together withothers, mobilized women of the city against inflation.

a) Bombay b) Pune c) Jharkhand d) Calcutta

227. The Nav Nirman movement, originally a student’s movement in ..............against soaring prices, black marketing and corruption launched in 1974was soon joined by thousands of middle class women.

a) Jharkhand b) Pune c) Gujarat d) Calcutta



228. The Chipko movement got its name from the ...............word ‘chipko’ whichmeans to cling.

a) Urdu b) Malayalam c) Hindi d) Sanskrit

229. The Chipko movement began in ................ in the small hilly town ofGopeshwar in Chamoli district when representatives from a sports factorycame to cut trees.

a)1953 b)1963 c) 1973 d)1978

230. Women’s studies spread to India slowly at first and then more rapidlyfollowing the UN Mid Decade Conference in .............in 1980.

a) Copenhagen b) Switzerland c) Sweden d)Finland

231. The origin of the term "Third World" was first used in 1952 by aFrench demographer,..................

a) Alfred Sauvy b) Edmund Burke c) Jawaharlal Nehru d) Simone de Beauvoir

232. The term "third world" was coined by .............Alfred Sauvy in an article inthe French magazine L'Observateur of August 14, 1952.

a) Economist b) Historian c) Sociologist d) Mathematician

233. With the …………….. collapse of the Soviet Union, the term Second Worldlargely fell out of use and the meaning of First World has become extendedto include all developed countries.

a) 1941 b)1961 c)1991 d)1995

234. The term "……………. World" came to denote to countries (such asAfghanistan) with almost no industrial infrastructure to speak of, or as asynonym for "least developed countries".

a) First b)Second c)Third d) Fourth

235. Samir Amin is an ............... Marxian economist.

a) Egyptian b) Austrian c) American d) Britain

236. Samir Amin was born in ............, the son of an Egyptian father and aFrench mother (both medical doctors).

a) Cairo b) Palestine c) Iraq d) Afghanistan

237. Arriving in Paris, ................joined the French Communist Party (PCF), buthe later distanced himself from Soviet Marxism and associated himself forsome time with Maoist circles.

a) Samir Amin b) Edmund Burke c) Malati Patwardhan d) Ammu Swaminathan,

238. With other students ................ published a magazine entitled ÉtudiantsAnticolonialistes.

a) Samir Amin b) Edmund Burke

c) Jawaharlal Nehru d) Simone de Beauvoir



239. In 1957 Samir Amin presented his thesis, supervised by ................ amongothers, originally titled ‘The origins of underdevelopment - capitalistaccumulation on a world scale’ but re-titled The structural effects of theinternational integration of pre-capitalist economies.

a) François Perroux b) Edmund Burke

c) Jawaharlal Nehru d) Simone de Beauvoir

240. After finishing his thesis, Samir Amin went back to................, where heworked from 1957 to 1960 as a research officer for the government's"Institution for Economic Management".

a) Cairo b) Afghanistan c) Austria d) Washington

241. In 1970 ........... became director of the IDEP, which he managed until 1980.

a) Simone de Beauvoir b) Edmund Burke

c) Jawaharlal Nehru d) Samir Amin

242. In 1980 ................. left the IDEP and became a director of the Third WorldForum in Dakar.

a) Samir Amin b) Edmund Burke

c) William Wilber Force d) Jawaharlal Nehru

243. Created in ............... Third World Forum assembles concerned intellectualscommitted not only to the pursuance and expansion of the debate on thevarious possible development alternatives but also to make real impact onthe society concerned through debates.

a) 1935 b)1945 c)1965 d)1975

244. …………….is a revolutionary economist because he was taught that"surrender to an unjust order is not acceptable".

a) Samir Amin b) Edmund Burke c) William Wilber Force d) Roop Kanwar

245.On the other part, many of the historians and intellectuals believe that thefirst world declaration on Human Rights was issued by…………...

a) Cyrus the Great b) Edmund Burke c)Thomas Carlyle d) Samir Amin

246. It is interesting to know that according to the documents and evidences,Holy Koran refers to ............as zulgharnein.

a) Cyrus b) Jack Donnelly c) John Rawls d) Confucius

247. The .............. Empire (Iran) established unprecedented principles ofhuman rights in the 6th century BC under the reign of Cyrus.

a) Persian b) British c) French d) American

248. The concept of human rights has undergone a revolutionary change sincethe Magna Charta of .............. to the rights contained in the Unites NationConvention.

a) 1105 b) 1115 c) 1215 d) 1315



249. The Persian Empire (Iran) established unprecedented principles of humanrights in the ............ century BC under the reign of Cyrus.

a) 3rd b) 4th c) 5th d) 6th

250. The Persian Empire (Iran) established unprecedented principles of humanrights in the 6th century BC under the reign of ..............

a) Cyrus b) Cynthia Sahoo c) Catherene Albisa d) Martha S. Davis



ANSWER KEY

1.b2.a3.a4.a5.a6.a7.c8.a9.a10.a11.a12.b13.b14.a15.c16.b17.a18.a19.a20.d21.c22.a23.c24.d25.d26.c27.a28.a29.a30.a31.a32.a33.a34.a35.a36.a

37.d38.b39.d40.a41.b42.a43.a44.d45.b46.a47.a48.d49.d50.a51.a52.d53.a54.a55.c56.d57.b58.a59.a60.a61.a62.a63.c64.a65.a66.a67.a68.a69.d70.c71.a72.d

73.d74.a75.a76.a77.a78.a79.a80.a81.a82.d83.d84.a85.a86.d87.a88.a89.a90.d91.b92.a93.a94.b95.a96.a97.a98.a99.a100.a101.a102.d103.c104.a105.a106.c107.a108.c

109.c110.d111.d112.d113.d114.d115.d116.d117.d118.a119.d120.a121.d122.a123.d124.a125.a126.d127.a128.a129.a130.a131.b132.a133.b134.a135.a136.b137.a138.a139.b140.b141.a142.a143.a144.c

145.a146.a147.a148.c149.c150.a151.a152.a153.d154.a155.d156.a157.a158.a159.d160.a161.a162.a163.a164.a165.a166.a167.a168.d169.a170.a171.a172.b173.d174.a175.a176.a177.a178.a179.a180.a

181.c182.a183.c184.a185.a186.b187.c188.a189.a190.a191.d192.a193.a194.a195.a196.a197.a198.a199.a200.a201.a202.a203.a204.a205.a206.a207.b208.a209.c210.a211.a212.b213.a214.a215.b216.a

217.a218.b219.a220.a221.c222.a223.c224.c225.a226.a227.c228.c229.c230.a231.a232.a233.c234.d235.a236.a237.a238.a239.a240.a241.d242.a243.d244.a245.a246.a247.a248.c249.d250.a

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