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and passing the ordinary examinations for B.A., or goingout in one of the Honour Triposes. The Natural SciencesTripos is the most appropriate, as some of the subjects arepractically the same as those for the first and second M.B.examinations.For the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M. B.) five years

of medical study are required. This time may be spent inCambridge or elsewhere. The first three or four years areusually spent in Cambridge, the student remaining in theUniversity till he has passed (say) the examination for theNatural Sciences Tripos and the first and second examina-tions for M.B. Cambridge being now a complete School ofMedicine, all the requisite lectures and hospital practicema3 be attended here, and many students remain to attendlectures and hospital practice until they have passed thefirst part of the third examination for M.B. The supply ofsubjects for Dissection, &c., is unusually abundant.There are three examinations for M.B. The first in

Chemistry and other branches of Physics, and in ElementaryBiology. These may be taken together or separately. Thesecond in Human Anatomy and Physiology, and in Phar-maceutical Chemistry. These may be taken together orseparately. The third may be also taken in two parts-viz., (1) Principles and Practice of Surgery (with Operativeand Clinical Surgery) and Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen, and (2) Pathology, Principles and Practice ofMedicine, Elements of Hygiene, and Medical Jurisprudence.The examinations are partly in writing, partly oral, andpartly practical, in the hospital, in the dissecting-room, andin the laboratories. Previously to the first examination, Lectures must have

been attended on Chemistry (with manipulations). Pre-viously to the second examination, the student must haveattended Lectures on Human Anatomy and Physiology,have dissected for six months, and attended Hospital Prac-tice six months. Previously to the first part of the thirdexamination, he must have attended Lectures on Pathology,the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Midwifery,twenty cases of Midwifery, and produce a certificate ofproficiency in Vaccination, and must also have acted asHouse Surgeon or Dresser for six months, and have gonethrough a course of instruction in Practical Surgery. Pre-

viously to the second part of the third examination, hemust have attended Lectures on the Principles and Practiceof Physic, the Physiological Action and Therapeutic Usesof Drugs, and Medical Jurisprudence; also the Medical andSurgical Practice of a Hospital, with Clinical Lectures, forthree years, and have been Clinical Clerk for six months.Before proceeding to the degree of M. B. the candidate must-compose an original thesis on some one of the subjectsprescribed for the several examinations, and defend thesame in public before the Regius Professor of Physic.As Operative and Clinical Surgery now form parts of the

third M.B. examination, candidates who have passed thatexamination are admitted to the degree of Bachelor ofSurgery (B. C.) without separate examination, and withoutkeeping an Act.The degree of Doctor in Medicine may be taken three

years after that of M.B. An Act has to be kept, consistingof an original Thesis sustained in the Public Schools, withvivâ-voce examination; and an extempore Essay has to bewritten on some subject relating to Physiology, Pathology,the Practice of Medicine, or State Medicine. For the degree of Master in Surgery (M. C.) the candidate

must have passed all the examinations for B. C. two yearspreviously. He is required to pass an examination in Sur-gical Anatomy and Surgical Operations, Pathology, and thePrinciples and Practice of Surgery, and to write an extem-pore Essay on a Surgical subject.An abstract of the Regulations and Schedules of the range

of the examinations in Chemistry, Physics, Biology, andPharmacy may be obtained upon sending a stamped directedenvelope to the Assistant Registrar, Cambridge. Full in-formation is contained in the Cambridge UniversityCalendar.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.The Matriculation Examinations take place on the second

Monday in January and the second Monday in June. Candi-dates must be above sixteen years of age. The fee for theexamination is £2. Provincial examinations are appointedby the Senate from time to time at specified centres. Theexamination appointed for January 13th, 1890, will be held at

Birmingham, Cardiff, Glasgow, Leeds, and Portsmouth, aswell as at London. That appointed for June, 1890, will beheld also at Bangor, Birmingham, Cardiff, Edinburgh,

Epsom, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne,Nottingham, and Sheffield. Several scholarships, exhi-bitions, and prizes are associated with these examinations.The Preliminary Scientific (M.B.) Examination takes

place twice in each year, once for Pass and Honours, com-mencing on the third Monday in July, and once for Passcandidates only on the third Monday in January.2 No can-didate will be admitted to this examination until he shallhave passed the Matriculation Examination, nor unless heshall have given notice of his intention to the registrar atleast one calendar month before the commencement of theexamination. Fee for this examination, £5.Candidates are examined for a Pass or for Honours or

Inorganic Chemistry and Experimental Physics; and for aPass, on General Biology. Candidates for Honours, whohave entered for the whole examination, may also be x-

amined for Honours in Botany and Zoology.Bachelor of Medicine.-Every candidate for the degree of

Bachelor of Medicine will be required-1. To have passedthe Matriculation Examination in this University. 2. Tohave passed the Preliminary Scientific Examination. 3. Tohave been engaged in his professional studies during fouryears subsequently to passing the Preliminary ScientificExamination3 at one or more of the medical institutions orschools recognised by this University, one year at least ofthe four to have been spent in one or more of the recognisedinstitutions or schools in the United Kingdom. 4. To passtwo examinations in Medicine.

Intermediate Examination.—The Intermediate Examina-tion in Medicine takes place twice in each year, once forPass and Honours, commencing on the second Monday inJuly, and once for Pass candidates only, commencing on thethird Monday in January. No candidate shall be admittedto this examination unless he have passed the PreliminaryScientific Examination at least two years previously, andhave produced certificates to the following effect :-1. Ofhaving completed his nineteenth year. 2. Of having, sub-sequently to having passed the Matriculation Examina-tion, been a student during two years at one or more ofthe medical institutions or schools recognised by thisUniversity, and of having attended a course of lectures oneach of three of the subjects in the following list : De-scriptive and Surgical Anatomy, Histology and Physiology,Pathological Anatomy, Materia Medica and Pharmacy,General Pathology, General Therapeutics, Forensic Medicine,Hygiene, Obstetric Medicine and Diseases peculiar to Womenand Infants, Surgery, Medicine. 3. Of having, subsequentlyto having passed the Preliminary Scientific Examina-tion, dissected during two sessions. 4. Of having, subse-quently to having passed the Preliminary Scientific Exami-nation, attended a course of Practical Chemistry, compre-hending practical exercises in conducting the more importantprocesses of general and pharmaceutical chemistry, in

applying tests for discovering the adulteration of articles ofthe materia medica and the presence and nature of poisons,and in the examination of mineral waters, animal secretions,urinary deposits, calculi, &c. 5. Of having attended toPractical Pharmacy, and of having acquired a practicalknowledge of the preparation of medicines. These certifi-cates (as is the case also with all the certificates hereinaftermentioned) must be transmitted to the registrar at leastfour weeks before the commencement of the examination.Fee for this examination, £5.

Candidates at the July examination are examined fora Pass or for Honours in each of the following subjects:(1) Anatomy, (2) Physiology and Histology, (3) OrganicChemistry, (4) Materia Medica and Pharmaceutical Che-mistry. The Pass and Honours questions at the July exa-mination will be given on one and the same paper, and willbe divided into (a) Pass questions and (b) Honours questions.Candidates will be allowed to answer questions out of eitheror both gronps ; but no credit will be given for more thanhalf of the total number of questions, of which half, in the

2 Candidates for the degree of M.B. are required by the Senate topass the Preliminary Scientific Examination before commencing theirregular medical studies, and are recommended to devote a preliminaryyear to preparation for it, according to the following programme:—Winter Session: Experimental Physics, Chemistry (especially Inorganic),Zoology. Summer Session: Practical Chemistry (Inorganic), Botany.

3 Candidates who passed the Matriculation Examination in January,1885, or previously, will be allowed to date the commencement of theirprofessional studies, as heretofore, from that examination.

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case of candidates for Honours, one-third must be takenfrom group (b). Immediately after the written examination,candidates desiring to proceed in Honours in any subject, orsubjects must give notice to the Registrar, in order that,when necessary, special provision may be made for thepractical examinations. A candidate who enters for, butfails to obtain, Honours in any subject, may be recom-mended by the examiners for a Pass in that subject, if theyare satisfied that he has shown such a competent knowledgethereof as is required by the regulations for the Pass Exa-mination.M.B. Examination.4—The M.B. Examination takes place

twice in each year-once for Pass and Honours, commencingon the last Monday in October; and once for Pass candi-dates only, commencing on the first Monday in May. Nocandidate will be admitted to this examination withintwo academical years of the time of his passing the Inter-mediate Examination unless he be a registered medicalpractitioner of not less than three years’ standing, in whichcase he must produce a certificate of having gone throughthe required course of training at some time previously.Every candidate must produce certificates to the followingeffect :-1. Of having passed the Intermediate Examina-tion. 2. Of having, subsequently to having passed theIntermediate Examination, attended a course of lectureson each of two of the subjects enumerated in Section 2 ofthe regulations for that examination, and for which thecandidate had not on that occasion presented certificates.3. Of having conducted at least twenty labours. Certificateson this subject will be received from any legally qualifiedpractitioner in medicine. 4. Of having attended the SurgicalPractice of a recognised hospital or hospitals during twoyears, with clinical instruction and lectures on ClinicalSurgery. 5. Of having attended the Medical Practice of arecognised hospital or hospitals during two years, withclinical instruction and lectures on Clinical Medicine. 6. Ofhaving, after having attended Surgical and Medical HospitalPractice for at least twelve months subsequently to passingthe Intermediate Examination, attended to Practical Medi-cine, Surgery, or Obstetric Medicine, with special charge ofpatients, in a hospital, infirmary, dispensary, or parochialunion, during six months, such attendance not to be countedas part of either the Surgical or the Medical Hospital Prac-tice prescribed in Clauses 4 and 5. 7. Of having acquiredproficiency in Vaccination. Certificates on this subject willbe received only from the authorised vaccinators appointedby the Privy Council. The candidate must also produce acertificate of moral character from a teacher in the lastschool or institution at which he has studied, as far as theteacher’s opportunity of knowledge has extended. The feefor this examination is £5. ’

Candidates will be examined in the following subjects:General Pathology, General Therapeutics and Hygiene, Sur-gery, Medicine, Obstetric Medicine, and Forensic Medicine.The examinations will include questions in Surgical andMedical Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy, and PathologicalChemistry.Any candidate who has passed the M.B. Examination,

beginning in October, may be examined at the HonoursExamination next following the M. B. Examination at whichhe has passed for Honours in (1) Medicine, (2) ObstetricMedicine, and (3) Forensic Medicine. The examinationscommence in the week following that in which the PassExamination terminated. Except in the case of ForensicMedicine, they are conducted by means of printed papers,but the examiners will not be precluded from puttingvavec-voce questions upon the written answers.Bachelor of Surgery.—The examination for the degree of

Bachelor of Surgery takes place once in each year, and com-mences on the Tuesday following the first Monday in Decem-ber. Candidates must produce certificates to the followingeffect:-1. Of having passed the examination for the degreeof Bachelor of Medicine in this University. 2. Of havingattended a course of instruction in Operative Surgery, andof having operated on the dead subject. Fee for thisexamination, £5.

Any candidate who has passed the B. S. Examination maybe examined at the Honours Examination next followingthe B. S. Examination at which he has passed for Honours

4 Any candidate for the M.B. Examination who has passed the Inter-mediate Examination under the former regulations will be required tohave also passed the examination in Physiology at some previous Inter-mediate Examination carried on under the present regulations, at whichexamination he shall not be allowed to compete for Honours.

in Surgery. The examination takes place on Tuesday in theweek following the Pass Examination, and is conducted bymeans of printed papers.Master in Surgery.—The examination for the degree of

Master in Surgery takes place once in each year, and com-mences on the first Monday in December.

Candidates must produce certificates to the following-effect :-1. Of having taken the degree of Bachelor of Sur-gery in this University. 2. Of having attended, subsequentlyto having taken the degree of Bachelor of Surgery in thisUniversity, (a) to Clinical or Practical Surgery during twoyears in a hospital or medical institution recognised by thisUniversity ; or (b) to Clinical or Practical Surgery duringone year in a hospital or medical institution recognised bythis University, and of having been engaged during threeyears in the practice of his profession ; or (c) of having beenengaged during five years in the practice of his profession,either before or after taking the degree of Bachelor ofSurgery in this University. One year of attendance on.Clinical or Practical Surgery, or two years of practice, willbe dispensed with in the case of those candidates who at,the B.S. Examination have been placed in the first division.3. Of moral character, signed by two persons of respect-ability. Fee for this degree, £5. The examination is con-ducted by means of printed papers and vavu-zoce interroga.tion.

Candidates will be examined in Mental Physiology, espe.cially in its relations to mental disorder, and in Surgery.Any candidate for the degree of M.S. may transmit to

the Registrar, not later than October lst, a printed Disser-tation, Thesis, or Commentary, written in view of candi-dature, or published within two academical years imme-diately preceding, treating scientifically some special depart-ment of Surgical Science, embodying the result of inde-pendent research, or showing evidence of his own work,whether based on the discovery of new facts observed byhimself, or of new relations of facts observed by others, orgenerally tending to the advancement of Surgical Science.If the Dissertation, or Thesis, or Commentary, be approvedby the examiners, the candidate will be exempted from thewritten and clinical examination in Surgery, subject twosuch examination upon the Thesis as the examiners at theirdiscretion may think fit.Doctor of Medicine.—The examination for this degree

takes place once in each year, and commences on the firstMonday in December.

Candidates must produce certificates to the followingeffect:-1. Of having passed the examination for the degreeof Bachelor of Medicine in this University. 2. Of havingattended, subsequently to having taken the degree ofBachelor of Medicine in this University, (a) to Clinicalor Practical Medicine during two years in a hospital or

medical institution recognised by this University, or, if heenter for State Medicine, during two years to State Medi-cine ; or (b) to Clinical or Practical Medicine during oneyear in a hospital or medical institution recognised by thisUniversity, or during one year to State Medicine as above,and having been engaged during three years in the practiceof his profession; or (c) of having been engaged during fiveyears in the practice of his profession, either before or aftertaking the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University.One year of attendance on Clinical or Practical Medicine ortwo years of practice will be dispensed with in the case ofthose candidates who at the M.B. Examination have beenplaced in the first division. 3. Of moral character, signedby two persons of respectabilitv.Fee for this degree, £5. The examination is conducted

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by means of printed papers and vivâ-voce interrogation.Candidates will be examined in Mental Physiology, espe-

cially in its relation, to mental disorder, and in Medicine.’ The regulations with regard to Theses are similar to those

obtaining in connexion with the examination for the M.S.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.

Three Licences and four Degrees in Medicine are con-ferred-viz., Licences in Medicine, in Surgery, and in

Sanitary Science; and the Degrees of Bachelor in Medicine,-------

5 Candidates who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicinepreviously to 1866 will be admitted to the examination for the degree ofMaster in Surgery without having taken the degree of Bachelor ofSurgery; and in the case of such candidates the attendance on surgicalpractice required by Regulation 2 may commence from the date of theM.B. degree.