UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT(Abstract)

MSc programme in Environmental Science- under Credit Semester System (PG)-scheme and Syllabus–implemented-with effect from 2010 admission onwards-Orders issued

GENERAL & ACADEMIC BRANCH-IV ‘J’ SECTION

No. GA IV/J2/4884/08 Dated, Calicut University PO, 26.07.2010Read:1. U.O.No. GAIV/J1/1373/08 dated, 23.07.2010.

2. Item no. 1&2 of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Environmental Science & Water Management held on 09.06.2010 3.Item no. III a. 30 of the minutes of the meeting of the Academic Council held on 03.07.2010

O R D E R

Credit Semester System was introduced to the PG programmes in affiliated Arts and Science Colleges and Self Financing Centres of the University with effect from 2010 admission onwards as per University Order read as first,above.

The meeting of the Board of Studies in Environmental Science & Water Management vide paper read as second above accepted the decision of the University to implement CSS for PG courses in affiliated Colleges and to implement the Credit Semester System with direct grading for PG courses in Environmental Science & Water Management from 2010 intake admission onwards.

The Board discussed about restructuring the syllabus and due to lack of sufficient time before the next intake,decided not to make substancial changes in the syllabi for 2010 intake and approved to conduct the course under CSS with slight modifications for 2010 intake.

The Vice Chancellor,due to exigency, approved the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Environmental Science & Water Management subject to ratification by the Academic Council and the House vide paper read as third ratified the approval.

Contd……..2

2

Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the scheme and Syllabus of MSc programme in Environmental Science with effect from 2010 admission in the affiliated Colleges.

Orders are issued accordingly. Scheme and Syllabus appended.

Sd/-ASSISTANT REGISTRAR (G & A-IV)

For REGISTRARTo

The Principals of affiliated Colleges offering MSc programme in Environmental Science

Copy to:P.S to V.CPAtoRegistrar/Chairman,B/S Environmental Science/CE/EX/DRIII/DR,PG/EGI/Enquiry/System Administrator with a request to upload in the University website/Information Centres/G&A I `F``G`Sns/GAII,III

Forwarded/By Order

Sd/-SECTION OFFICER

/home/guest/tmp/Environmental Sci. Syllabus CSS PG 2010 1st & 2nd sem.doc

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

M. Sc. Environmental ScienceCredit Semester System

Syllabus-2010 Admission

Semester -1Examination: 3 Hrs (Internal 25%; External 75%)

No Course Code

Course Title Type Total Hrs Credit

1 ES1 C01 Earth Science- 1 Core 75 42 ES1C02 Environmental Chemistry- 1 Core 75 43 ES1C03 Environmental Biology -1 Core 75 44 ES1C04 Statistical Computing Core 75 45 ES1 CP01 Chemistry Practical-1 Core 75 Nil6 ES1 CP02 Biology Practical -1 Core 75 Nil

Total 16 Credits

Semester -2Examination: 3 Hrs ( Internal 25%; External 75%)

No Course Code

Course Title Type Total Hrs Credit

7 ES2 C05 Earth Science -2 Core 75 38 ES2 C06 Environmental Chemistry- 2 Core 75 39 ES2C07 Environmental Biology -2 Core 75 310 ES2C08 Environmental Physics Core 75 311 ES2CP03 Chemistry Practical-2 Core 75 312 ES2CP04 Biology Practical -2 Core 75 3

Total 18 Credits

Semester -3Examination: 3 Hrs ( Internal 25%; External 75%)

No Course Code

Course Title Type Total Hrs Credit

13 ES3C09 Environmental Toxicology and Biochemistry

Core 75 4

14 ES3C10 Environmental Biology -3 Core 75 315 ES3C11 Environmental Management Core 75 316 ES3C12 Biodiversity Core 75 317 ES3E01 Environmental Impact Analysis

( Theory paper)Elective 75 4

18 ES3E02 Remote Sensing Elective 75 419 ES3CP05 Soil Chemistry Practical Core 75 3

Total 24 Credits

Semester -4 (Examination: 3 Hrs ( Internal 25%; External 75%)

No Course Code

Course Title Type Total Hrs Credit

20 ES4C13 State of Environment in India Core 75 321 ES4C14 Environmental Law Core 75 322 ES4E03 Food Administration and

PreservationElective 75 4

23 ES4E 04 Green Chemistry Elective 75 4 24 ES4CPr Project and Via-Voice Core 8

Total 22 Credits

Maximum Credits : 80Minimum credits required for a Pass: 72

Core Courses: 56 Elective: 8 Project and Viva-Voice: 8 Total: 72Practical Examinations are scheduled to conduct at the end of Semester II for Chemistry and Biology.

Question Paper: Total Weightage = 361. Short answer type- 14 ( No choice ), Weightage : 14x 1= 142. Paragraph Type – 7 out of 10 , Weightage: 7x2 = 143. Essay Type – 2 out of 4 , Weightage 4x2 = 8

Evaluation and GradingExternal – 75%, Internal 25%Grading – 5 point scale (A, B, C, D and ESGPA and CGPA- between 0 to 4 in two decimal places CGPA (in 7 point scale)1. 3.8 to 4.0- A+2. 3.5 to 3.79 – A3. 3.0 to 3.49- B+4. 2.5 to 2.99 – B5. 2.2 to 2.49 – C+- Minimum requirement for Pass 6. 1.5 to 2.19 – C7. below 1.5 –D

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc. Environment at Science

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES1C01- EARTH SCIENCE -1 (Core)

(Semester-I)

(75 hrs; Credits 4)

Unit 1: Earth’s origin – mention the theories, components of the physical environment, atmosphere, hydrosphere and the lithosphere. Internal structure of earth’s crust, mantle and core – composition.

(5 hrs)Unit 2: Brief Explanation. Continental drift plate tectionics – sea floor spreading – island areas. Earthquake – seismograph – Richter scale – modified Mercallis scale – causes – global distribution.

(10 hrs)Unit 3. Minerals – rock forming – ore forming – diagnostic physical properties of common minerals; quartz, feldspar, mica, horn blende, gamet, graphite, talc, gypsum, ignite, anthracite, illmenite, rutile, magnetic, calcite, hemmatile, magnetile, calcite, bauxite, clay minerals.

Unit 4. Rocks – Brief classification and characteristic megascopic features of different types of rocks. Igneous, Sedimentay and metamorphic rocks – basalt, granite, dolerite, pegmatite, sand stone, shale, lime stone conglomerate, grit, schist, gneiss, marble, laterite.

(15 hrs)Unit 5. Interrelation of toposheet – contour – gradient – dip – strike.Geological structure: Joints, fold-fault-unconformities.

(10 hrs)Unit 6. Weathering – physical – chemical – biological. Factors of soil formation (climate, parent, material, relief, biosphere) – Soil forming processes – Lateritisation, eluviation, humifaction, illuviaiton, padzelisation.

Unit 7. Wet lands – their significance; wet lands of India.

Unit 8. Coastal sedimentation and landforms, coatal erosion, CRZ.(20 hrs)

Unit 9. Streams – erosion, transportation and deposition. Effects of stream action on land forms. Peneplain, pedeplain, meandering stream. Pollution scenario of Indian rivers. Drainage – watershed – drainage density – order of a stream.

(15 hrs)

References:

1. Environmental Geo Science, Strahler A.V. and Strahler. A.H., Wiley International.2. Environmental Geology – Valdia. K.S., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.3. Environmental Geology – Donald R. Crates, John Wiley and Sons.4. Structural Geology, Bilinge, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.5. Principles of Petrology – Tyrell G.W., Methuen.6. Text Book of Mineralogy – Dana. E.S., Ford Wiley.7. Principles of Physical Geology – Deimes. A., Ronald, New York.8. Coastal Geomophology of India, Ahmad. E., Orient Longman, New Delhi.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES1C02 –ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY – I (Core)

(Semester –I)

(75 hrs; Credits 4)

Unit 1. Chemical composition of atmosphere, temperature – Chemical process in the atmosphere – Role of CO NO SO O ozone, water hydrocarbons in atmospheric processes – particulate matter and dust. Oxiding and reducing smogs and their chemistyr – Acid rain.

(14 hrs)

Unit 2. Basic chemistry – organic compounds (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids esters, amines and aromatic compounds) Cleaning agents – soaps, detergents bleaching agents – chlorofluro carbons (CFC’s) and their environmental impacts.

(12 hrs)

Unit 3. Titrimetry: Theory of acid base titrations – indicators used in acid – base titrations – determination of acidity, alkalinity – Free CD in water – SO in air – Total nitrogen in Soil – Theory of complexometric titrations – with special reference to EDTA titrations – Metal ion indicator – determination of hardness of water – Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium in water and soil samples – Theory of precipitation titrations – determination of chloride in water (Mohr’s method) – Theory of redox titrations.

(14 hrs)

Unit 4. Photochemistry – laws of photochemistry – quantum efficiency – photochemical and photosensitized reactions – photochemical smog – simple photo chemical systems NO/NO/O. Equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, acid base equilibrium – ionic product - PH – Pka – solubility product and precipitation.

(12 hrs)

Unit 5. Analysis of water wand waste water – sampling devices – water quality parameters (physical and chemical) Theoretical principles involved in the determination of the following – colour, PH, solids, nitrate, phosphate, hardness, Fe3 + DO, BOD and COD.

(11 hrs)

Unit 6. Environmental and Radio activity – Natural and Artificial radio activity – measurement of radiation – interaction of radiation with matter – application or radiation – energy production, medicine, agriculture, tracer – Hazards of radiation – Three Mile Island, Windscale and Chemobyl accidents.

(12 hrs)

References:1. Environmental Chemistry, Stanley. E. Manaban Williard Grant Press. Boston, Masachusetts

1978.2. Environmental Chemistry A.K.De.3. Environmental Chemistry, Y.S.K. Banerji 1994.4. Environmental Radioactivity Merril Elsenbud, Academic Press 1996.5. Organic Chemistry Vol.I, I.L. Finar ELBS6. Vogel’s text book of quantitative analysis Bessett. J. and others ELBS, Longmann group 1978.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010AdmissionES1C03- ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY– I (core) (Semester-I)

(75 hrs Credits 4) Unit 1. Ecology & Environment

Definition; scope and history of Ecology; subdivisions, Environment, inter-disciplinary nature of Environmental Science.

(3 hrs)Unit 2. Principles and Concepts of Ecosystem

Concept of habitat, ecological niche, guild and ecotone concept of specles, population community and ecosystem; ecological dominance; species diversity in communities; regulation of specles diversity; interaction between species – competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, allelopathy, commensalisms, cooperation, mutation; ecological succession; ecotones and concept of edge effect; ecological equivalents.

(15 hrs)Unit 3. Energy Leveis in Ecosystem

Fundamental concepts related to energy; energy of Environment productivity – primary and secondary; food chains, food webs, trophic levels, trophic nature and ecological pyramids, ecosystem energetics.

(20 hrs)Unit 4. Biogeochemical Cycles

Patterns and types of biogeochemical cycles; Global cycles, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur in the terrestrial ecosystem.

(20 hrs)

Unit 5. Principles pertaining to Limiting FactorsLeibigs “law of the minimum”; Shelford’s law of tolerance; Combined concept of limiting

factors; Conditions of existence as regulatory factors; Physical factors of importance as limiting factors.

(17 hrs)

References:1. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, Indian Edition, 1996, 574 pp.2. INSA, Biological Monitoring of the State of Environment (Bioindicators). INSA, Bahadur

Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 1984.3. Clarke, C.L. Elements of Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, 1978.4. Freedman, B. Environmental Ecology, Academic Press, 1989.5. Sharma, P.D. Ecology & Environment. Rasogi Publications, Meerut, 1996.6. Sharma, P.D. Environmental Biology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, 1996.7. Chapman, J.L. & Reis, M.J. Ecology – Principles and Applications, Cambridge University

Press, London, 1995.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010AdmissionES1C04– STATISTICAL COMPUTING (Core)

(Semester-I)

(75 hrs; Credits 4)1. Review of computers – How computers work – An overview of computers – memory – I/O

devices – System software and Application software – types of computers – PC, Mini, Mainframe and Super computers.

2. Processing data – How computers represent data (bits, bytes, ASCII code)- How computers process data (CPU, ROM, RAM), Factors affecting processing speed (Registers, memory, computer power, data bus and address bus, cache memory, mathco processor) Intel, motorola, RISC processors – A brief description of parallel processing.

3. Storing information – Magnetic storage devices – hard disc, floppy drive, tape devices – organizing data on these devices – optical storage devices (CD-ROM, CD-Recordable, DVD, WORM-disks) Average access time, data transfer rate.

4. Operating systems – A brief description of DOS, Windows and Unix – commands, Unix file systems and Unix as multi user operating system.

(10 hrs)5. Brief outline of MS-Office – Word, Excel, Powerpoint, etc. Introduction to Internet browsing.6. Spreadsheets – Spreadsheets in business and other business uses – creating a worksheet

(organizing data, designing work sheet, entering labels and values, creating formulae, editing and formatting work sheets, adding charts, analyzing the data, printing the worksheet.

7. Role of statistics in research: Statistics in research common statistical issues – survey method and experimental method for data communication – Design of experiments – coding of data – tablation and presenting data (one-way and two-way frequencies)-histogram-bars, lines, and pie diagrams – summary statistics – population and sample statistics.

(10 hrs)8. Construction of graphs and charts: Construction of bar charts – chart options – construction of

pie charts, line charts – edit options for graphs.9. Descriptive statistics using Excel – Data analysis park in Excel – descriptive statistics –

frequency distribution and histogram – cross tabulation and pivot tables.10. Basic probability and statistics: Probability fundamentals – computation and laws of

probability – fundamentals of inference.(15 hrs)

11. Basics of C: Basic structure of Clanguage – programming style, constants and variables, keywords, data types, operators (arithmetic, relational and logical), I/O operators, character reading, writing, formatted input and output, decision making in abranching, looping etc. (10 hrs)

12. Inferential statistics using Excel – estimation of unknown parameters – testing of hypotheses – statistic: tests concerning means (one sample Z and tests, two samples Z and t tests). The F test for variance, the one-way analysis of variance. The X2 test for goodness of tests and for independence of attributes.

13. Correlation and simple regression analysis – multiple linear equations – diagnostic analysis of regression. (15 hrs)

14. (a) Applications of Computer in Environmental Science: Computer Modelling basics (with practical) - Population growth and interaction (Lokta – Volterra model)- Models for EIA (Environment Impact Analysis)(b) Data analysis using any package – creating, editing, data tabulation and graph, plotting.

(c) Programming in C: Computation of mean – computation of SD – formulation of frequency table – testing of mean – computation of correlation coefficient. (15 hrs)

References:1. P.K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, BPB Publication, New Delhi.2. Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers.3. Balaguruswami, Programming in C, Tata Mc Graw Hill4. Boiron. S. Gofried, Schaums Series Programming in C-Mc Graw Hill5. K.V.S. Sharma, Statistics made simple Prentice Hall of India.6. Donald H Harnet and James Flonell. Data. Statistics and discussion models with Excel.

John Wiley.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES1CP01– CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – I (Core)

(Semester-I)

(75 hrs)Unit 1. Measurement of water quality parameters

Colour, turbidity, temperature, conductivity, acidity and alkalinity.

Unit 2. Estimation of Dissolved solids, free carbon dioxide, free chlorine, calcium and magnesium, (EDATA

method) Iron and manganese (colourimetric method) nitrate and nitrite (titrimetric/colourimetric method), Sulphate (titrimetric/gravimetric method), sulphide (titrimetric method), fluoride (ion selective electrode/colourimetric method), chromium and lead (colourimetric method) and mercury.

Unit 3. Estimation of a) BOD, COD an DOb) Detergents (colourimetric method)c) Oil and grease in water.

References:1. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis – 5th Edition (1989) ELBS.2. Water Pollution by B.K. Sharma and H. Kaur. 2nd Edition (1997-98), Krishna Prakashan Media

(P) Ltd. Merrut.3. Essential Environmental Science – Methods and Techniques. Ed. Simon Watts and Lind say

Halliwell (1196), Routledge, London.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTSyllabus – 2010 Admission

ES1CP02 – BIOLOGY PRACTICAL – I (Core) (Semester-I)

(75 hrs ) 1. Ecological Methods:

A. Estimation of Frequency, density, biomass, coverage and Importance Value Index (IVI), for grasslands using quadrat, transect and point quadrat methods.

B. Estimation of frequency, density, biomass, coverage and Importance Value Index (IVI) for a midland ecosystem using quadrat, transect and point quadrat methods.

C. Vegetation analysis for (i) association-2 x 2 contingency table and X2 test; (ii) Correlation (iii) non-randomness (iv) diversity – Shamon & Wiener’s Diversity Index.

25 hrs2. Analysis of Phytoplanktons in an Aquatic Ecosystem:

A. Preservation and identification – Lucky’s drop method; Haemocytometer method.B. Primary Production – Biomass meth9od; chlorophyll estimation; Gaarder & Gran’s

method.10 hrs

3. Identification of Aquatic Macrophytes in a Selected Local Pond Ecosystem:A. Identification – Submerged macrophytes; Emergent macrophtes; Floating macrophytes. B. Sampling – Techniques, Frequency estimation; Density estimation.C. Biomass & Productivity estimation.D. Chlorophyll estimation.

5 hrs4. Routine Methods of Microbiological Examination of Potable Water:

Sample collection; Standard Plate Count (SPC); Probable Number (MPN) of coilforms; MPN for faecal coilforms, calculation of MPN; Gram staining; Comparison of a well water and sewage water sample for bacteriological Drinking Water Quality as per BIS & WHO Standards.

35 hrsReferences:1. Trivedy, R.K., Goel, P.K. & Trisal, C.L. Practical Methods in Ecology and Environmental

Science. Environmental Publications, Karad, India, 1987, 340 pp.2. Richard J. Schmitz, Introduction to Water Pollution Biology. Gulf Publishing Company,

Houston, Texas, 1996.3. Patrick R. Dugan, Biochemical Ecology of Water pollution. Plenum Publishing Corporation,

1975.4. APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th Edn., American

Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1995, 1268 pp.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES2CO5 – EARTH SCIENCE – 2 (Core)

(Semester-II)

(75 hrs; Credits 3)Unit 1. Spectrum of environmental geology – ecological perspective – land; its use and management. Land capability map – changes associated with highway construction; water resource projects and urbanization. The land use plan – soil surveys in relation to land use planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation.

(20 hrs)Unit 2. Hydrologic cycle – elements in the cycle – interrelationships. Water resources – nature of ground water – water bearing characteristics of soils and rocks – porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific retention – aquifer, aquitard, confined and unconfined aquifers, leaky aquifers, artesian condition at Neyveli Lignite mine. Ground eater level fluctuation. Recharge of ground water. Effects of withdrawal of ground water. Salt water intrusion. Ground water provinces of India. Ground water potential of Kerala. Quality criteria for ground water.

Unit 3. Rainfall – observation techniques – recording and non self recording instruments. Estimation of precipitation. Averaging techniques – Thiessen polygon and isohyetals.

(20 hrs)

Unit 4. Catastrophic geological hazards: floods, slope stability – land slides, avalanches. Seismic, vocanic hazards and coastal hazards. Hazards zonation map. Prediction and perception of the hazards adjustments to hazardous actiities.

Unit 5. Environmental impact of mining. Desertification and degradation of land. Conventional and non conventional energy sources.

(15 hrs)

Unit 6. Soil – soil profile, soil texture – classification, physical properties – soil density – porosity – soil consistence – soil colour – soil temperature. Soil water – infiltration – permeability – percolation – soil water classification – soil moisture constants – air dry weight – hydroscopic coefficient – wilting percentage – field capacity. Measurement of soil moisture-methods-gravimetric method-tensiometer-electrical conductivity moisture calculation – available water. Soil erosion – soil conservation techniques.

(20 hrs)

References:1. Engineering Hydrology – Subramanya. K., Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New

Delhi.2. Engineering Hydrology – Varshney. R.S., New Chand & Bros., Roorkee.3. Water Resources and Hydrology, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.4. Ground Water Hydrology - Todd. D.K., John Wileys & Sons, New York.5. Environmental Geology – Valdia. K.S., Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.6. Atmosphere Weather and Climate – Barry and Chorlay, The English Language Book Society.7. Climate of Kerala – Menon. P.A. and Rajan. K.C., Classic Publishing House, Cochin.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES2C06 – ENVIRONMENTALCHEMISTRY-2(Core) (Semester-II)

(75 hrs; Credits 3)

Unit 1. Analytical Methods in general – classical and advances – methods relevant to environmental analysis. Electro analytical methods, Potentiometry – origin of potential – potential measurement, standard electodes, reference electrodes, conventions in potential measurement – potentiometric titrationas. Electrometric pH determination – signal – sources of Error in pH measurement, glass electrode – Ion sensitive electrodes for the determination of chlorides, sulphide, iltrate flouorides.

(15 hrs)

Unit 2. Optical methods, Spectrophotometry – Beer – Lamberts law – deviations from Beer – Lamberts. Law Design of a filter photometer and single beam spectrophotometer – Determination of Iron, nitrite, phosphate and ammonia in water and waste water. Nephelometry and trubidimetry – determination of turbidity sulphate content of water.

(14 hrs)Unit 3. Chromatographic methods – Definition of the term chromatography – Theory of

chromatographic separation – stationary and mobile phases – Types of chromatographic separations – Gas chromatography, chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS) – Liquid chromatography – Choise of solvents and stationary phases in chromatography and gel permeation chromatography – Thin layer chromatography and paper chromatography.

(12 hrs)

Unit 4. Gravimetry – Precipitation methods – super saturation – coprecipitation and post – precipitation – precipitation from homogeneous solution. Conditions for obtaining a pure precipitate. Drying and ignition of precipitates – Determination of Mg2+, SO4

2- in natural waters by gravimetric methods.

(14 hrs)

Unit 5. Neutron activation analysis, Anodic stripping Voltametry x-ray fluorescence, Infra – red spectroscopy – Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry, Ion selective electrodes.

(12 hrs)

Unit 6. Radiochemical methods – Measurement of radio activity – Radiochemical methods – Measurement of radio activity – units – measuring devices – G.M. Counter – scintillation counter.

(12 hrs)References

1. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis G.W. Ewing2. Environmental Chemistry B.K. Sharma & ........................3. Fried Lander G; Kennedy. J.W. and Muller J.M. Nuclear and Radiochemistry 2nd edn. John

Wiely and Sons. N.Y. 1964.4. Environmental Chemistry L.W. Moore and E.A. Moore.5. Practical Organic Chemistry.

6. F.G. Mann and B.C. Sencnders 4th Edn. Orent Lorgmann.7. Environmental Chemistry S.K. Beneril.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES2C07 – ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY – 2 (Core)

(Semester-II)

(75 hrs; Credits 3)Unit 1. Ecological Succession and biodiversity – Concepts of habitats, niche, guild, ecotone. Biological diversity; regulation of species, diversity; interaction between species. Competition predation, herbivory, parasitism, allelopathy, commen salism, cooperation, mutualism succession – Primary and Secondary succession; general features of succession; pattern of interaction in succession.

(10 hrs)

Unit 2. Evolutionary Ecology – Behavioural adjustments; inheritance; inter-specific competition; Speciation and evolution; variation in population characteristics; Natural selection; Allopatric & Sympatric speciation; Natural selection – Domestication.

(10 hrs)

Unit 3. Natural Ecosystems – Physical chemical characteristics, fresh water, esturine and marine ecosystems; Plankton, necton and benthons. Wetlands, mangroves and their characteristics, Terrestrial biomes, tropical rain forests, tropical savanna and deserts.

(25 hrs)Unit 4. Pollution and Environmental health – Environmental pollution, concepts and definitions, sources of pollution: industries, mining, agrochemical urbanization; pollution of air water, land; impact of pollution on flora, fauna, human health, Eutrophication Biodindicators of pollution, Green house effect; Ozone depletion; Global warming.

(30 hrs)

References1. Odum, E.. Fundamentals of Ecology, W.R. Saunders, Indian Edition, 1996.2. INSA, Biological Monitoring of State of Environment (Bioindicators). INSA, Bahadur Shah

Marg, New Delhi. 1984.3. Clark. C.L. Elements of Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, 1978.4. Freedman B. Environmental Ecology, John Wiley & Sons, 1978.5. Sharma P.D. Ecology & Environment, Rastogipub; Meerut, 1996.6. Sharma, P.D. Environmental Biology, Rastogi***, 1996.7. Chapman J.L. & Relse, M.J. Ecology, Principles & Applications. Cambridge University,

London, 1995.8. Krishnan Kannan. Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution, S. Chand & Co. New Delhi,

1995.9. Sharma, H. & Kaur. H. Environmental Pollution, Goel Publishing House, Meerut.10. Maniavasakam, N. Environmental Pollution, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1984, 146 pp.11. Sharma. G.K. & Kaur, H. Air Pollution, Goel Pub. House, Meerut.12. Sharma, B.K. & Kaur, H. Water Pollution, Goel Pub. House, Merrut.13. Sharma, B.K. & Kaur, H. Soil & Noise Pollution, Goel Pub. House, Meerut.14. Sharma, B.K. & Kaur. H. Thermal & Radio Active Pollution, Goel Pub. House, Meerut.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc.

Syllabus – 2010 AdmissionES2C08 – ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS (Core)

(Semester-II)

(75 hrs; Credits 3)1. Motions of the Earth and seasons – Earth – Sun relationship – Earth’s radiation balance –

Latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation – radiation based laws – vertical motion of air parcel in the atmosphere- Adiabatic and non-adiabatic process – Vertical stability of atmosphere – Convection, turbulence and diffusion – Temperature inversions and air pollution.

(15 hrs)2. Atmosphere – Structure and composition – Meterological elements – Pressure – Temperature

– humidity – wind – Geostrophic wind – Gradient wind – Friction layer wind – General circulation – Local winds – Clouds – Different types of clouds – Forms of precipitation – Rain – Formation – Atrificial stimulation – Wather systems – Monsoons – Tropical storms and Cyclones – Weather and climate of Kerala and India – salient features.

(15 hrs)3. Air masses – nature of air masses – origina and types of air masses – movements of air

masses – properties of warm and cold air masses – fronts – general frontal characteristics – formation of fronts – types of fronts – warm fronts – cold fronts – stationary fronts – occluded fronts – optical features of the atmosphere – refraction features – diffraction features – diffusion and scattering features – auroras.

(15 hrs)4. Nature of sound – physiological and physical properties – speed of sound – interference of

sound waves – reasonance – the Doppler effect – acoustics of auditoriums – thunder and lighting – nolse pollution and control – constituents of the nucleus – nuclear charge – mass and binding energy – radioactivity – alpha, beta and gamma emission – successive disintegration – radioactive series – nuclear reactions – energy released in fission and fusion.

(15 hrs)5. Electromagnetic energy – electromagnetic spectrum – image characteristics – sources of

remote sensing information - aerial photography - interaction between light and matter - film technology - characteristics of aerial photographs - stereo photography – mosaics - infrared black and white photography – UV photography – additive primary colours – subtractive primary colours – IR colours photography – General features of manned satellite imagery and landsat imagery – Environmental and land – use applications of remote sensing – weather satellites.

(15 hrs)References:1. Applied Physics – Arthus Beiser, Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., New

York .2. Elements of Meteorology – Albert Miller, Jack C Thompson, Ricard E Peterson and Donald R.

Haragan, Charles E Merril Publishing Co., Columbus.3. The Atmosphere – Frederick K Lutgens and Edward J Tarbuck, Prentice – Hall Inc., New

Jersey.4. Physics for Technical Education – Dale Ewen, Leroy Heaton, Prentice Hall, Inc., New Jersey.5. Introduction to Physics for Scientists and Engineers – Fredrick J Busche, Mc Graw Hill Book

Company, New York.6. Introduction to Modern Physics – Richtmyer, Kennard and Cooper, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub.

Co., New Delhi.

7. Remote Sensing – Principles and Interpretation – Floyd F Sabins, Jr., W. H. Freeman and Co., San Franciso.

8. Principles of Remote Sensing – Paul J. Curran, Longman Scientific & Technical, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

9. Remote Sensing of Environmental Sciences – Edited by Erwin Schanda, Springer – Verlag, Berlin Heldelberg, New York.

10. Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing – E. C. Barret and LF Curtls, Champman and Hall, London.

11. Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing – Charles Elachi, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

12. Physics Part I and II – Resnick R and Halliday, Wiley Eastern13. Concepts of Modern Physics – Beiser A, Mc Graw Hill International 14. Elements of Modern Physics – Patil, SH, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co Ltd., New Delhi.15. Applied Hydrology – K. N. Mutreja, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.16. General Meteorology – Horace Robert Byres – Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York17. Meteorology, William, I, Donna, Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York.

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTM.Sc. Syllabus – 2010Admission

ES2CP03 – CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – 2(Core) (Semester – II)

(75 hrs; Credits 3)Unit I. Detection of halogens, nitrogen and sulphur in organic compoundsUnit 2. Identification of the following by TLC

(a) Pesticides: Chlordane, DDT, Endosulfane, Heptachlor, BHC, Toxaphene(b) Artificial sweeteners: Saccharin, dulcin(c) Food colours: Tartazine, sunset yellow, amarnath S. Ponceau 4

References1. Practical rganic Chemistry by F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, 4th Edition, Orient

Longman.2. Thin – Layer Chromatography – A Laboratory Handbook, Ed. Egon Staphi, 2nd

Edition (1969). George Allen & Unvin. Ltd London.3. Chromatography – Edited by Erich Heftmann, Vad Nostrand reinhold Company.

Note: The examination at the end of 2nd semester will cover ES1CP01 and ES2CP03

UNIVERSITY OF CALIC UTM. Sc Syllabus – 2010Admission

ES2CP04–BIOLOGY PRACTICALS-2 (Core ) (Semester – II)

(75hrs; Credits 3)Unit I. Study of pond and esturaine ecosystem

Sampling for physiochemical and biological analysis; Microphytes – Preservation, identification, abundance estimation biomass, chlorophyll, primary production and respiration estimation; Zooplankton – collection of samples, identification, estimation of biomass; Benthic macroinvertebrates – sampling, collection, identification.

(25 hrs)Unit 2. Estimation of wter quality parameteres – PH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, DO, BOD, sallnity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, light penetration using Sechi Disc.

(20 hrs)Unit 3. Pollution Indicators – Collection, identification, documentation and preparation of slides (10 slides to be prepared and submitted for the University Examination) of organisms in water collected from polluted (organic/sewage and industrially polluted) and non-polluted sites.Unit 4. Slide preparation (details given under 3).

(30 hrs)

Note:- The examination at the end of 2nd semester will cover ES1CP02 and ES2CP04

References:1. Thivedy, R. K., Goel, P. K & Trisal, C. L. Practical Methods in Ecology and Environmental

Science. Environmental Publications, Karad. India, 1987, 340 pp.2. Richard J. Schmitz Introduction to Water Pollution Biology. Gulf Publishing Company,

Houston, Texas, 1996.3. Patrick R. Dugan. Biochemistry Ecology of Water Pollution. Plenum Publishing Corporation,

1975.

Model question Papers

FIRST SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONEnvironmental Science- Semester-1

ES1C01— EARTH SCIENCE—ITime: Three hours Total Weightage : 36I Section A , Answer all questions, Weightage 1x14 = 14)

1. Define podzolisation.

2. Define porosity and permeability of a rock.

3. What is ‘mud bank’?

4. What is diastrophism?

5. Define the term ‘Berm’.

6. Distinguish between S and P waves.

7. What is an Epicentre?

8. What is polymorphism? Give examples.

9. What is an island arc?

10. Explain the term ‘Sial’ and ‘Sima’.

11. What is Planetesimal hypothesis?

12. Define drainage density.

13. Name the different types of plate boundaries.

14. Define lithosphere and Asthenosphere.

II Section B, Answer any seven of the following, ( Weightage , 2x 7 = 14)

15. What are Wave-cut platforms and drowned valleys? How is it formed?

16. Give an account of internal constitution of the earth.

17. Explain the process of sea floor spreading based on Palaeomagnetic evidence.

18. Give the diagnostic physical properties of the following minerals :

(a)Felspar (b)Hornblende (c) Garnet (d) Gypsum

19. Explain the impact of the Coastal Regulation zone Act with particular reference to Kerala.

20. How the sedimentary rocks are formed? Give atleast 3(three) examples with their characteristic features of identification.

21. What are the hotspots and how do they help to determine rates and directions of plate movement?

22. Explain briefly the important diagnostic properties of common minerals

23. Explain the physical, chemical and biological factors on “weathering”.

24. Explain the effect of stream action on land forms.

III Section C, Answer any two of the following ( Weightage, 2x4 = 8)

25. Explain the various sources of water pollution. Give a brief account of pollution scenario of any one of the rivers in Kerala.

26. Explain the process of soil erosion. What are the different methods used to estimate soil erosion? How soil erosion can be controlled?

27. What are the extrusive and intrusive bodies? Distinguish between a concordant and discordant body and give examples.

28. Explain the various theories associated with the origin of the earth.

FIRST SEMESTER M.Sc DEGREE EXAMINATIONEnvironmental Science- Semester-1

ES1C02— ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY—ITime : Three hours Total Weightage : 36IV Section A, Answer all questions, ( Weightage, 1x 14 = 14 )

1. What is artificial radioactivity?

2. Explain the term ‘eutrophication’.

3. Distinguish between a pollutant and a contaminant.

4. What are the sources of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere?

5. What is chain reaction? Why are nuclear fission processes considered as chain reactions?

6. Solubility product of Ag2CrO4 is 1.7×10-12. Calculate its solubility.

7. Why are amines described as derivatives of ammonia?

8. What is formaline? Give the important uses of formaline.

9. Define “Chemical Concentration Factor”.

10. What is the significance of COD test?

11. Why are alpha particles that are absorbed internally by the body particularly dangerous?

12. Indicate the permissible limits for nitrite and phosphate in drinking water.

13. How do you purpose to control CO emission?

14. What is metal ion indicator? Give examples.

V Section B, Answer any seven of the following, ( Weightage, 2x 7 = 14 )

15. Briefly explain the working of Geiger counter.

16. Define hardness of water. What are the different types of hardness? Explain.

17. Discuss the importance of green house effect in temperature control.

18. Compare the properties of soap with that of detergent.

19. What are the different types of chlorofluorocarbons? How do they pollute the environment?

20. What are the chemical processes for the formation of inorganic particulate matter in the atmosphere?

21. Describe any one method for the estimation of nitrate in a water sample.

22. Give two examples each for the reactions of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols.

23. What is EDTA? Explain the mechanism of complexometric titrations using EDTA

24. Briefly explain the reactions of alkenes and alkynes.

VI Section C, Answer any two of the following ( Weightage,2 x 4 = 8)

25 (a) How are human activities likely to change the global climate?

(b) How does the automobile exhaust contribute to air pollution? Explain different methods to control it.

26 (a)What are photochemical reactions? Define and explain quantum efficiency. (b)Explain photosensitization with two examples. How does it differs from catalysis?

27 (a)Describe how radionuclide can be used in (a)agriculture (b)medicine?

(b)Discuss the practical limitations associated with the use of nuclear fusion as a source of energy.

28 (a)Describe the method for the estimation of (a)solid and (b)phosphate in water samples.

(b)Discuss the theory of indicators with reference to methyl orange and phenolphthalein. Describe the limitations of their use in acid-base titrations.

FIRST SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONEnvironmental Science- Semester 1

ES1CO3— ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

Time : Three hours Total Weightage : 36VIISection A, Answer all questions, ( Weightage, 1x14 = 14)

1. What is meant by detritus food chain?

2. What are biological clocks?

3. Comment on the scope of ecology.

4. What are stenothermal organisms?

5. What is meant by biological magnification?

6. What is Leibig’s law of minimum?

7. What is microsere?

8. What is autotrophic succesion?

9. What is the phenology of a community?

10.What is meant by carrying capacity?

11.What is a gallery forest?

12.What is woodland stage in a hydrarch?

13.What is law of entropy?

14.What is character displacement?

VIII Section B, Answer any seven of the following ( Weightage, 2x7 = 14)

15.Describe briefly the oxygen cycle in nature.

16.What is the ecological role of biodiversity?

17.Explain the mineral cycles in the terrestrial ecosystems.

18.Give an account on the general pattern of energy flow in forest ecosystems.

19.Write a note on artificial ecosystems.

20.Comment on ecological niche.

21.Write notes on territoriality and home range of organisms.

22.Comments on Environmental productivity

23.What are ecotones? Explain the concept of edge effect.

24.Explain Liebig’s ‘law of minimum and Shelford law of tolerance.

IX Section C, Answer any two of the following , ( Weightate, 2x4 = 8)

25.Write an account on the ecological pyramids.

26.Describe the concept of productivity in an ecosystem.

27.Write an account on the ecosystem energetic.

28.Give an account on the various types of interaction among organisms of a community.

First semester M.Sc. Degree examinationEnvironmental Science- Semester- 1

ES1C04 – Computational Techniques

Time: Three hours Total Weightage: 36X Section A, Answer all questions , ( Weightage, 1x14 = 14)

1. What is meant by a data?

2. Describe the term population?

3. What is a variable?

4. Give the features of frequency table?

5. What is a histogram?

6. Distinguish between Pictograms and Cartograms?

7. What you meant by quartiles?

8. Define the term deviation?

9. What are the three parts of CPU?

10.Give some examples for input devices?

11.Distinguish between hardware and software ?

12.What are the five programmes included in MS Office?

13.How will you add page numbers in a document?

14.How will you start new document in the Word program?

II Section B, Answer any seven of the following ( Weightage, 2x7 = 14)

15.Briefly mention the steps to start MS Word from Windows?

16.What is a programming language?

17.How will you print a current page of a document ?

18.Mention the steps to select a line for editing?

19.What is the significance of cut and paste command in Word ?

20.What are the different levels of programming languages?

21.Draw a flow chart to find maximum of three numbers:A,B,C?

22.Distinguish between skewness and kurtosis ?

23.How do applied statistics differ from other statistical method?

24.Briefly explain the laws of probability

III Section C, Answer any two of the following ( Weightage,2 x 4 = 8)

25.What is meant by hypothesis?.What is the significance of testing a hypothesis?

26.What is sampling? What are the types of sampling ?

27. Distinguish between Student ‘t’ test and Chi square test?

28.Write a note on Regression and Correlation of data?