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UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT(Abstract)

UG-Programme in Malayalam under Choice Based Credit Semester System-Scheme &Syllabus-Revised with effect from 2011 admission-approved-Orders Issued------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH-IV-‘B’ SECTION

No: GAIV/B2/368/09 Dated, Calicut University. P.O., 20.04.2011Read: 1. U.O GA I /J2/3601/08 Vol. II dated 19-06-2009 2. U.O of even No.dated 25.06.2009

3. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) held on

17.02.2011, Item No.II

4. Letter dated 06.04.2011 from the Chairman, Board of Studies Malayalam(U.G)

5. Orders of Vice Chancellor in file of even no.dated 16.04.2011

ORDER

Choice based Credit Semester System and Grading has been introduced for U.G coursesin affiliated colleges in the University with effect from 2009 onwards and regulation for the same implemented vide paper read 1st above.

As per University Order read 2nd above, the syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System was implemented with effect from 2009 admission.

The Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) at its meeting held on 19.01.2011 Vide item No.6 resolved to revise the syllabus of B.A Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System.

The Board of Studies in Malayalam(U.G) at its meeting held on 17.02.2011 vide item number 2 finalised & approved the revised scheme & syllabus of B.A Malayalam Programme under Choice based Credit Semester System to be implemented with effect from 2011 admission vide paper read 3rd above.

Vide paper read 4th above, the Board of Studies Chairman Malayalam (U.G) has forwarded the hard & soft copies of the revised scheme& syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System to be implemented with effect from 2011 admission.

Considering the urgency for implementing the revised syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System in affiliated colleges, the Vice Chancellor exercising the powers of Academic Council has approved item number 2 of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) held on 17.02.2011 subject to ratification by the Academic Council.

Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the revised syllabus of BA Malayalam Programme under (CCSS) in affiliated colleges of the University with effect from 2011 admission onwards subject to ratification by the Academic Council.

Orders are issued accordingly.

The revised syllabus of BA Malayalam (CCSS) is uploaded in the University website.

Sd/-DEPUTY REGISTRAR (G&A-IV)

For REGISTRARTo

The Principals of all Arts and Science Colleges.

Copy to:- CE./ Ex. Section/ DR/AR BA Branch/System Administrator with a request to upload the Same on University website/

GA-I ‘F’ Sn./Library/SF/DF/FC

Forwarded/By Order

SECTION OFFICER./home/digital/tmp/revised syllabus BA MAL CCSS wef2011adm with order.doc

2

1

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

MALAYALAM B. A DEGREE PROGRAMME

CHOICE BASED CREDIT & SEMESTER SYSTEM

SYLLABUS

2011-12

3

BapJw2009-þ10 A²y-b-\-hÀjw apXÂ tImgn-t¡mSv kÀÆ-I-em-im-e¡v Iogn-epÅ

tImtf-Pp-I-fnse _ncp-Z-]-T\w Choice Based Credit & Semester (CCSS)…-tebv¡ v amdn-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-WtÃm. tIc-f-¯nse s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-K¯v GXmv Hcp hymg-h-«-¡mew ap¼v Xs¶ \S-¸n-em-¡nb ]mTy-]-²Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw D¶-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-K-t¯¡pw hym]n-¸n-t¡-Xv Hcp A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯n-emWv tImgn-t¡mSv kÀÆ-I-em-ime tImtf-Pp-I-fnse _ncp-Z-]-T\w ska-ÌÀhÂ¡-cn-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨-Xv.

sk-a-ÌÀhÂ¡-c-W-¯nsâ `mK-ambn ae-bmfw _ncp-Z-tIm-gvknsâ kne-_Êv 2009 Â Xs¶ ]p\x-{I-ao-I-cn-¨n-«p-v. 6 ska-Ì-dp-I-fpÅ tImgvknsâ 4 ska-Ì-dp-IÄ CXn-\Iw Xs¶ ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn-«p-ap-v. 2009 Â {]th-i\w t\Snb ae-bmfw _ncp-Z-hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v, Ah-cpsS aq¶p-hÀj-t¯-¡pÅ kne-_-ÊmWv X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. 2010 Â {]th-i\w t\Snb hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡pw CtX kne-_Êv Xs¶-bmWv ]n´p-SÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv.

\ne-hn-epÅ kne-_-ÊnÂ Nne A]m-I-X-I-fp-s¶v ]cs¡ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. Nne t]¸-dp-IÄ Bdp-amkw sImv ]Tn-¸n¨p XoÀ¡m³ ]äm-¯-h-bmWv (DZm: 3þmw ska-Ì-dnse tIma¬ tImgvkv þ 9). Nne t]¸-dp-IÄ Bi-b-hy-à-X- C-Ãm-¯-h-bm-sW¶pw ]cmXn DbÀ¶n-«p-v. Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯n-emWv kne-_-ÊnÂ Nne sNdnb amä-§Ä hcp-¯m³ ae-bmfw t_mÀUv Hm^v ÌUokv (bp. Pn) Xocp-am-\n-¨-Xv.

\ne-hn-epÅ kne-_-ÊnÂ ka-{K-amb Hcp ]cn-jvI-cWw Dt±-in-¨n-«n-Ã. Ct¸mÄ AXnsâ Bh-iy-ap-s¶pw tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. Nne t]¸-dp-I-fnse DÅ-S¡w hfsc A[n-I-am-sW-¶-Xn-\mÂ Ah Npcp-¡n-bn-«p-v. Nne t]¸-dp-I-fnse saUyp-fp-I-fnÂ hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n-\mbn Ht¶m ctm teJ-\-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-ap-v. ska-ÌÀ 1 se tImÀ tImgvknsâ t]¸À 1 (`m-jbpw kmln-Xy-hpwþ ]T-\-¯nsâ coXn-im-kv{Xw) se DÅ-S-¡-¯nÂ Imcy-amb amäw hcp-¯n-bn-«p-v. 5þmw ska-Ì-dn-sebpw 6þmw ska-Ì-dn-sebpw tImgvkp-I-fp-sSbpw Hm¸¬ tImgvk,v Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv, tImw¹n-saâdn tImgvkv XpS-§n-b-h-bp-sSbpw kne-_-ÊnÂ Hcp amähpw hcp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. t]¸-dp-I-fpsS t]cp-I-fnepw amä-an-Ã.

t]m-cmbvaIÄ apgp-h³ ]cn-l-cn¨p F¶p Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. Ah ASp¯ L«-¯nÂ Xncp-¯m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq.

2011-þÂ {]th-i\w t\Sp¶ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Cu kne-_Êv _m[-I-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

28-þ02-þ2011

4

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTMALAYALAM B.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME


1. ]co£ DÄs¸sS 90 {]hr¯n Znh-k-§-fp-ff 6 ska-Ì-dp-IÄsImmWv Cu t{]m{Kmw ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-¶-Xv.

2. 4 Xc-¯n-ep-ff tImgvkp-I-fmWv Cu t{]m{Km-an-ep-f-fXv

A tIma¬ tImgvkv, B. tImÀ tImgvk,v C. tImw¹n-saâdn tImgvkv,

D.Hm¸¬ tImgvkv

3. FÃm tImgvkp-IÄ¡pw-IqSn 120 s{IUn-äm-Wp-f-fXv

4. 5þmw ska-Ì-dnse Hm¸¬ tImgvkn\v 3 hnj-b-§-fmWv \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-f-f-Xv.

Hmtcm tImtf-Pn\pw XmÂ]-cy-ap-ff hnjbw sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu

tImgvkp-IÄ ae-bmf `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw sFÑnI-ambn FSp¯v ]Tn-¡p¶

hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v thn-bp-f-f-X-Ã.

5. 6-þmw ska-Ì-dnse tImÀ tImgvknse 15-þmas¯ tImgvkv Ce-IvSohv

tImgvkm-Wv. 3 hnj-b-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-v. Hmtcm tImtf-Pn\pw XmÂ]-cy-

ap-ff hnjbw sXc-sª-Sp-

¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

6. 5, 6 ska-Ì-dp-I-fn-embn tImgvkv hÀ¡v/t{]mPIvSv hÀ¡v \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-v.

2 aWn-¡qÀhoXw CXn-\p-thn \o¡n-sh-¨n-«pv. 6þmas¯ ska-Ì-dn-emWv

{]hÀ¯\w ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n kaÀ¸n-t¡--Xv.

7. tImgvkv hÀ¡v/t{]mPIvSv hÀ¡nsâ `mK-ambn sN¿m-hp¶ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä:

a) 25 ^pÄ kvIm¸nÂ Hcp {]_Ôw X¿m-dm-¡pI

b) Hcp t\mh-Â/sNdp-IYm kam-lmcw/IhnXm kam-lmcw/\mSIw/Xnc-

¡Y/kmln-Xy-]-T\w X¿m-dm¡n kaÀ¸n-¡p-I.

c) Ac-a-Wn-¡qÀ ssZÀLy-ap-ff Hcp tUmIyp-saâdn/{lkz-Nn{Xw \nÀ½n-¡pI

(So-aw-K-§Ä

7 t]cnÂ IqS-cp-Xv).

8. aqey-\nÀ®-b-¯nsâ 75% Fgp¯p ]co-£bpw 25% Ctâ-WÂ AÊkvvsaâpw Bbn-

cn-¡pw.

9. ]co-£bv¡v 4 Xcw tNmZy-§Ä Dm-Ipw.

(a) Objective Type, (b) Short Answer, (c) Short Essay, (d) Long Essay

10. Assk³saâv, sSÌv t]¸À (Np-cp-§n-bXv 2 F®w), lmPÀ, skan-\mÀ F¶nh ASn-

Øm-\-am-¡n-bmWv Ctâ-WÂ AÊkvsaâv. kne-_-Ênsâ AÀ°-]qÀ®-amb hn\n-

a-b-¯n\v skan-\mdpw Assk³saâpw {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

*************

5

B.A. MALAYALAM DEGREEPROGRAMMECURRICULUM

Core Courseo kz´w `mj-tbmSpw kwkvIm-c-t¯mSpw Úm\-hy-h-Ø-tbmSpw Dff XmÂ]cyw

kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-¯n-eqsS hnI-kn-¸n-¡Â

o ae-bmf `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkvImcw F¶n-hsb hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\v Bh-iy-

amb kmwkvIm-cnI ]T-\-¯nsâ coXn-im-kv{Xhpw kn²m-´hpw kmam-\y-

ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ.

o ae-bm-f-`m-jbv¡pw kmln-Xy-¯n\pw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS kw`-hn¨ ]cn-Wm-

a-§sf kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-t{]-£y-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡Â.

o tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI hyXn-cn-à-X-Isf Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw A`n-e-j-

Wo-b-amb coXn-bnÂ ]p\À \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-ff tijn ssIh-cn-¡Â.

o kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-kn-²m-´-§sf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ

o ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS hymI-c-W-\n-b-a-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡Â

o B[p-\n-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-¯nsâ kmam-\y-k-¦Â¸-§Ä ]cn-N-bn-¡Â

o emwtKzPv em_ns\ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp¯n ssk²m-´n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-

amb `mjm-]-T\w

o ae-bmf kmlnXy hnaÀi-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw thdn« hgn-Ifpw hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-

ambn hne-bn-cp-¯Â

o KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ hgn-Ifpw cq]-ssh-hn-[yhpw a\-Ên-em-¡Â

o Zriy-þ-{im-hy-þ-A-¨Sn am[ya§sf B{i-bn-¨p-ff `mjm-hy-h-lm-c-§Ä ]cn-N-

b-s¸-SÂ

o Ie-I-fpsS cq]-s¸-SÂ, hnImkw F¶n-h-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]-Xy-b-imkv{X ]cn-k-c-

§-sf-¸-än-bp-ff [mcW cq]-s¸-SÂ.

o ]T\bm{X-I-fn-eqsS tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI ap{Z-Isf t\cn«p ]cn-N-b-s¸-

SÂ.

Complementary Course

o t-I-c-f-¯nsâ Ncn{X L«-§fpw kmwkvIm-chpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ

o B[p-\nI tIc-f-¯nsâ cq]o-I-cWw a\-Ên-em-¡Â

o Ncn{X cN-\-bpsS kn²m-´-§fpw k¦Â]-t`-Z-§fpw DÄs¡mffÂ

o \mtSmSn hnÚm-\hpw {KmaoW kwkvIr-Xnbpw DÄs¡mffÂ.

Open Course

o kmln-Xy-]-T-\s¯ ka-Im-enI {]k-àn-tb-dp-¶, sXmgnÂ km[yX hÀ²n-¸n-¡p¶

aäp Iem-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambpw sshÚm-\nI taJ-e-I-fp-ambpw _Ôn-¸n¨v ]Tn-¡Â

*****************

6

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

MALAYALAM B.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME


Sem Code No. Course TitleInsti/hrs/

week

Credit

ExamHrs.

Marks TotalCreditInt Ext

I

MA1A07(1)

MA1B01

MA1C01

Common Course (English)Common Course (English)Common Course 7kÀKm-ßI cN-\bpwBi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpwCore Course 1 `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw]T\-¯nsâ coXn-imkv{Xw1st Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw)IInd Complementaryt-I-c-f-]-T\wþBZy-Ime tIcfw

45

4

63

3

33

4

42

2

33

3

33

3

25% 75% 18

II

MA2A08(01)

MA2B02

MA2C02

Common Course (English)Common Course (English)Common Course 8hnhÀ¯-\hpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpwCore Course II IYm-km-lnXyw Ist Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw) IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\wþa-[yIme tIcfw

454

6

3

3

444

4

2

2

333

3

3

3

25% 75% 20

IIIMA3A09(01)

MA3B03

MA3B04

MA3C03

Common Course (English)Common Course 9 ae-bm-f-km-lnXywCore Course III am[y-a-]-T\wCore Course IV \mSIwIst Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw) IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\wþ A[n-\n-thiIme tIcfw

5

554

3

3

4

444

2

2

3

333

3

3

25% 75% 20

IVMA4A10(01)

MA4B05

MA4C06

MA4C04

Common Course (English)Common Course 10kwkv¡m-chpw \mK-I-cn-I-XbpwCore Course V ae-bmf IhnXþ ]qÀÆ-L«wCore Course VI `mjm imkv{Xhpw `mjm-N-cn-{XhpwIst Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw) IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\w þ B[p-\n-I-tI-cfw

5

5

5

4

3

3

4

4

4

4

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

25% 75% 20

7

V MA5B07MA5B08

MA5B09

MA5B10MA5D01MA5D02MA5D03

Core Course VII -hymI-cWwCore Course VIII ae-bm-f- Ihn-X-þ-\-thm-°m-\-L«wCore Course IX kmlnXy kn²m-´-§ÄCore Course X KZy-km-lnXywOpen Course 1 \mS-I-]-T\w kv{Xo]-T\w Ne-¨n-{X-]-T\w

Course Work/Project Work

5

5

5

53

2

4

4

4

44

-

3

3

3

33

25% 75% 20

VI MA6B11

MA6B12

MA6B13

MA6B14

MA6B15(E)01MA6B15(E)02MA6B15(E)03MA6B16(Pr)

Core Course XI - \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\obwCore Course XII ae-bm-f- Ihn-X--þD-¯-c-L«wCore Course XIII ae-bmf kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi\wCore Course XIVtI-c-fo-b-cw-K-I-e-IÄElective ssk_À ae-bmfw hnhÀ¯\w \h-kw-kvImc ]T-\-§ÄCourse Work/Project Work

5

5

5

5

3

2

4

4

4

4

2

4

3

3

3

3

3

25% 75% 22

B.COM DEGREE PROGRAMME

Sem Code No. Course TitleInsti/hrs/week

CreditExamHrs.


I MA1A07(02) Common Course 7kÀKm-ßI cN-\bpwBi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw 5 4 3

25% 75%

II MA2A09(02) Common Course 9ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw 5 4 3

B.SC DEGREE PROGRAMME (IN OTHER PATTERN)

Sem Code No. Course TitleInsti/hrs/

weekCredit

Exam

Hrs.


I MA1A07(03) Common Course 7kÀKm-ßI cN-\bpwBi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw 5 4 3

25% 75%

II MA2A09(03) Common Course 9aebm-f-km-ln-Xy-]-T\w 5 4 3

8

Code. MA1A07(01)

ska-ÌÀþ ItIma¬ tImg-kv-þ7

kÀ¤m-ß-I-c-N-\bpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijnbpw]T-\-k-abw : 72 aWn-¡qÀ

s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä:

kÀ¤mßI Ign-hp-Isf hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-I, kmlnXy IrXn-IÄ Bkz-Zn-¡p-hm-\p-ff tijn hfÀ¯p-

I. Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn hfÀ¯p-I.

hnhn[ kmlnXy cq]-§-fpsS cN-\m-X-{´-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI

cN-\m-ti-jnsb hn]p-e-am-¡m³ klm-bn¡pw hn[w hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-§sf¡pdn-¨p-

ff Adnhpw

Ah-t_m-[hpw \ÂIp-I.

\½psS Imes¯ Zriy-þ-{im-hy-þ-B-ib hn\n-a-tbm-]m-[n-IÄ ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-

Kn-¡p-hm³

{]m]vX-cm-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1: Fgp-¯nsâ kmam\y \nb-a-§Ä

a) sNdp-I-Y, Ihn-X, t\mhÂ, \mS-Iw, Xnc-¡Y F¶o kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä, hnhn-[-Xcw

Fgp-¯p-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ F¶nh ]cn-N-b-s¸-SpI

b) {]apJ Fgp-¯p-ImÀ X§-fpsS cN-\-I-sf-¡p-dn¨p \S-¯nb \nco-£-W-§Ä hmbn-¡p-I.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

kÀK-km-lnXn

Hcp IY P\n-¡p¶p (Im-Yn-Isâ ]Wn-¸p-c) -þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³\m-

bÀ

Fsâ IhnX þ sshtem-¸n-ffn

(ssh-tem-¸n-ffn k¼qÀW-Ir-Xn-IÄ, hmfyw-þ2)

Fsâ ]Wn-¸pc (C-S-tÈ-cn-bpsS {]_-Ô-§Ä) þ CS-tÈcn

cwK-{]-km-[\w þ Hcp Ie þ (\m-S-I-ZÀi\w) þ Pn. i¦-c-¸n-ff

IY-bnÂ\n¶v Xnc-¡-Y-bn-te¡v þBÀ.-hn.-Fw. Znhm-I-c³ (`m-jm-t]m-jnWn 2006

s^{_p-h-cn)

(Hcp IY P\n-¡p-¶p, Fsâ ]Wn-¸p-c, cwK-{]-km-[\w Hcp Ie, IY-bnÂ \n¶v Xnc-¡-Y-

bn-te¡v

F¶o teJ-\-§-fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ ]Tn-t¡--Xv.)

samUyqÄ 2: cN\m ]cnioe\w

9

a. ô¨À ssdän§v (td-Un-tbm, Sn.- hn., ]{Xw XpS-§nb hnhn[ am[y-a-§-fn-

te-¡p-ff ô¨-dp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-hn-[w) eLp-te-J, enänÂ amK-kn³, hmÄ

amK-kn³ F¶nh X¿m-dm-¡Â

b. hnÚm-\m-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS kv{In]väv, imkv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, Ie,

kn\n-a, kwKo-Xw, kvt]mÀSvkv XpS§n hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fnse hyàn-I-fp-am-

bp-ff A`n-ap-Jw, Poh-N-cn-{X-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ F¶nh X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w.

c. \ne-hn-ep-ff Hcp kmln-Xy-IrXn tdUn-tbm, Sn.-hn. XpS-§nb hyXykvX

am[y-a-§-fnÂ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah-ew-_n-t¡ coXn-IÄ.

d. ae-bm-f- `m-j-bnse icn-bmb cq]-§sf ]cn-N-bs¸SpI. D¨m-c-Ww, hymI-c-

Ww, ]Z-tIm-iw,

hc-samgn F¶n-h-bnÂ hnhn-[-am-[y-a-cq-]-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-ff ]cn-io-e\w

\S-¯p-I.

(ae-bmf `mj-bnse icn-bmb cq]-§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-SpI F¶ \nÀt±-i-¯nsâ `mK-

ambn Xmsg sImSp-¡p¶ teJ-\-§Ä hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n-\mbn \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p.)

1. D¨m-cWw þ G. BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

({]-_-Ô-kw-{K-lw, tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Z-an)

2. ae-bmf ssien (H¶mw A[ymbw am{Xw) þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

(am-Xr-`qan {]kn-²o-I-c-Ww)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:þ

ae-bmf ssien þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

kmln-Xy-kmlyw þ F.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

ô¨À cN\ þ Fw.-]n. kptc-{µ³ (H-eo-hv)

Zriy `mj þ sI.-F-kv. cmP-ti-J-c³ (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

sSen-hn-j³ tPÀW-enkw þ hn. cmP-tKm-]mÂ

]{X-`mj þ tIcf {]Êv A¡m-Zan

ae-bmfw ssÌÂ ]pkvXIw þ tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

s-am-UyqÄ 3: ae-bm-fhpw P\-{]n-b-am-[y-a-§fpw

P\-{]n-b-kw-kvIm-cw-þ-]-cky cN-\, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w, hnhn[ P\-{]nb amkn-I-IÄ,

h\nXm

amkn-I-IÄ, Btcm-Ky-am-kn-I-IÄ, Ne-¨n{X amkn-I-IÄ, _me-{]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä,

hÀ¯-am\ ]{X§Ä, kvt]mÀSvkv amkn-I-IÄ, FÊv.-Fw.-FÊv F¶o `mjm-hy-h-lmc

coXn-I-fnÂ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-I. (hn-hn[ P\-{]nb am[y-a-§-fnse hn\n-

a-b-¯nsâ kz`m-hhpw Fgp-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-ep-ff ]T-\-{]-

hÀ¯-\-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¡mw.)

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v :

]c-kyhpw D]-t`m-K-Xz-cbpw þ kn. Kuco-Zmk³ \mbÀ

(am-[ya ]T-\-§Ä, Idâv _pIvkv)

10

kmln-Xyhpw am[y-a-§fpw þ tUm. jmPn tP¡_v

(am-[ya ]T-\-§Ä, Idâv _pIvkv)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:þ`mhp-IXzw Ccp-]-¯n-sbm¶mw \qäm-nÂ þ Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\³

am[y-a-§fpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw þ tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

sSen-hn-j³ tPÀW-enkw þ hn. cmP-tKm-]mÂ

Zriy-`mj þ sI.-F-kv. cmP-ti-J-c³

]{X-temIw þ FUn.-Sn. thWp-tKm-]m-e³ (`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v)

samUyqÄ 4 : ae-bm-fhpw hnh-c-km-t¦-Xn-I-Xbpw

ae-bmf `mj-bpsS D]-tbmKw I¼yq-«-dnÂ (Encoding hyh-Ø-IÄ, ASC II, ISC II

unicode) - ae-bmfw tkm^väv shb-dp-IÄ (kn. Um¡nsâ t{]m{Km-ap-IÄ, cN-\,

en]y-´-cW t{]m{Km-ap-IÄ, hnh-c-hy-h-Ø-IÄ, t^mp-IÄ)þ ssl¸À sSIvÌnsâ (Xn-c-

sam-gn) {]tXy-I-X-IÄþ ae-bm-f-`mj CâÀs\-änÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\pÅ ]cn-Úm\w-þ

sh_v sskäp-IÄ, Cþ-tPÀW-ep-IÄ, t»mKp-IÄ (_q-tem-Iw, t»mKv kmln-Xyw, {]apJ

ae-bmfw t»mKp-IÄ)þ sh_v Unssk-\n-§v, t»mKv \nÀ½m-Ww F¶n-h-bnÂ ]cn-Úm\

w ({]m-tbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w \nÀ_-Ô-an-Ã) þ ae-bmfw sh_v Iâv \nÀ½nXn (a-e-

bmfw hn¡n-]o-Un-b-tbbpw A\p-_Ô kwcw-`-§-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I)

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1) ae-bmfw I¼yq-«n-§v þ Ncn-{XmhtemI\w þtUm. atljv awK-em«v

2) ae-bmfw sh_vssk-äp-IÄ þtSmw. sP. a§m«v

3) Xnc-samgn þ]n. ]n. cma-N-{µ³

4) ae-bm-×-bnse t»mKp-Imew þ cmPv \o«n-b¯v

(\mep teJ-\-§fpw "ssk_À ae-bmfw' F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ \n¶v

FUn. kp\oX Sn. hn, Idâv _pIvkv, XriqÀ)

5) hn¡n-]o-Unb þ P\-Iob hnÚm-\-tImiw

6) sh_vam-K-kn-\p-IÄ

( cp teJ-\-§fpw "C\n hmb\ Cþ hmb\'F¶ hn. sI. BZÀinsâ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ \n¶v,

Un.-kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocn-kv)

7) {]Zqc At\z-jWw þsI. cho-{µ³

("hn-h-c-ti-J-cWw CâÀs\änÂ', Un.kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocn-kv)

8) ae-bmfw bqWn-tImUv ssS¸n§v

9) kzX{´ bqWn-tImUv ssS¸n§v

(cp teJ-\-§fpw "F§s\ ae-bm-f-¯nÂ t»mKmw' F¶ ]n. Fw. _m_p-cm-Pnsâ ]

pkvX-I-¯nÂ \n¶.v Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocnkv)

(a-e-bm-fw I¼yq-«n-§vþ Ncn-{XmhtemI-\w, Xnc-sam-gn, sh_vam-K-kn-\p-IÄ, aebmfw bqWn-tImUv ssS¸n§v F¶o teJ-\-§-fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ ]Tn-t¡--Xv.)klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:þC³t^mÀta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn þ tUm. ANypXv i¦À FÊv.-\m-bÀ

(tIcf `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v)

11

B temIw apXÂ Cþ-tem-Iw-hsc þ tUm. sP.-hn. hnf-\new

(tIcf `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v)

CâÀs\äpw C³^Àta-j³ hn¹-hhpwþ tUm. _n. CIv_mÂ, sI. cho-{µ³

(Un.-kn. _pIvkv)

ssk_À ae-bmfw þ FUn. kp\oX Sn.-hn. Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ

C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn F´v, F§ns\ þ tUm. _n. CIv_mÂ, sI. cho-{µ³,

F´n\v? Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ

*******************

Code. MA2A08(01)

ska-ÌÀþ IItImg-kv-þ8

hnhÀ¯-\hpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw]T-\-k-abw : 72 aWn-¡qÀ s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä:hnZymÀ°n-bpsS `mjm-ti-jnbpw kmln-Xy-`m-hp-I-Xzhpw hnkvXr-Xhpw k¼-¶-hp-am-¡p-I. hnhÀ¯\-¯nsâ Xm¯zn-I-h-i-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡p-I, {]mtbm-KnI hi-§Ä ]cn-io-en-¡p-I.samUyqÄ þ1

hnhÀ¯-\wþ \nÀh-N\w, s]mXp-X-¯z-§Ä, hnhÀ¯-\-co-Xn-IÄ þ ]Zm-\p-]Z hnhÀ¯\w,

kzX-{´-hn-hÀ¯-\w, hymJym-\w, ]cm-hÀ¯-\w, en]y-´-cWw, hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ kmwK-

Xyw, hnhÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsS km[n-¡p¶ kmwkvIm-cnI [À½w

hnhÀ¯-\hpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw

b{´-XÀÖ-a, B\n-ta-j³, XÀÖ-a-bpw CâÀs\-äpw, b{´-XÀÖ-a-bpsS km[y-X-Ifpw ]

cn-an-Xn-Ifpw

hnhn-[-Xcw hnhÀ¯-\-§-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ

1. kmlnXyw

2. kmln-tXy-Xcw

3. aoUn-b-{Sm³kvtej³

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

"hnhÀ¯-\w' þ tIc-fm-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v. þ Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nse F³. hn. IrjvW hmcy-

cpsS

Ah-Xm-cn-I.

samUyqÄ 2

12

hnhÀ¯-\-¯nse {][m\ kao-]-\-co-Xn-I- fpw hnhÀ¯-\¯nÂ DÛ-hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§fpw

a\-Ên-em-¡p-I, hnhÀ¯\ coXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-SpI F¶n-h-bmWv Cu samUyqÄsImv

Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

hnhÀ¯\ Nn´-IÄ (te-J\ kam-lm-cw)

A{]m-]y-amb Hcp hnXm\w þ sI.]n. i¦c³

Imhy hnhÀ¯-\w-þ-Nne \nco-£-W-§Ä þ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW³

hnhÀ¯-\-£-aX ---þ tUm. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ

IYm-hn-hÀ¯\wþ-Nne kao-]-\-§Ä þ hn.-Un. IrjvW³ \¼ymÀ

]mThpw ]mcm-b-Whpw þ A¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡À (km-ln-Xy-temIw 99

sabv

Pq¬ e¡w, kmlnXy A¡m-U-an, XrÈqÀ)

(A{]m-]y-amb Hcp hnXm\w, Imhy hnhÀ¯\w þ Nne \nco-£-W-§Ä, hnhÀ¯-\-\-£-

aX,

IYm-hn-hÀ¯\w þ Nne kao-]-\-§Ä F¶o-te-J-\-§-fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ ]Tn-t¡--Xv.)

{]tbm-K-am-XrI (hn-hÀ¯\¯nse khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Is-¯m³ \nÀt±in¡-Ww.)hm\-¼mSn (ssh-tem-¸n-f-fn) þ Ode to the Skylark (Shelly)Cµp-te-J-bpsS H¶m-a-²ymbw þ W. Dumergue, C.S- sâ Cw¥ojv ]

cn-`mj(am-Xr-`qan {]kn-²o-I-c-Ww)

KoXm-RvPen: PnbpsS hnhÀ¯\w þ Cw¥ojv hnhÀ¯\w`P\w ]qP\amcm-[-\bpw Leave this chanting and singing andkm[-\bpw tl \nÀ¯pI kmt[m…… telling of beads........................................................………

........................................................…tNcp thÀs¸mgpIs« -þ Meet him and stand by him in toil

and

(Pn-bpsS Ihn-X-IÄ, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, 1999) þ Sweat of thy brow (Collected

poems and

Plays of Rabindranath Tagore, Macmillan,

1967)

kzman hnth-Im-µsâ Nn¡mtKm {]kwKw þ Address at the Final Session (27

Sept. 1893)

kam-]\ kt½-f-\-¯nse {]kwKw Advaita Ashrama (Publication Department)

(1893 sk]vXw-_À 27) Kolkata

{iocm--a-IrjvW aTw, ]pd-\m-«p-I-c, XrÈqÀ -

{]hm-N-I³ þ JeoÂ Pn{_m³ Bcw`w apXÂ Prophet-Kahilil Gibran

""Ch-sbÃmw D¨-cn-¡-s¸« hm¡p-I-fm-sW-¦nepw These things he said in words. But

much in

Dcn-bm-Sm¯ hN-\-§-fmÂ lrZbw \n`r-X-am- heart remained unsaid. For he

himself could

13

bn-cp-¶p. Xsâ AKm[ \nKq-V-X-IÄ Bhn- jvnot speak his deeper secret- F¶-Xp-h-sc.

¡-cn-¡p-hm³ Ah\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ'' F¶p (Greatest works of Kahlil Gibran,

Jaico

hsc-bp-ff `mKw (J-eoÂ Pn{_m³ IrXn-IÄ, Publishing House, Bombay).

t]Pv 471-þ473, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw)

samUyqÄ 3

Cw¥o-jnÂ\n¶v ae-bm-f-¯n-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXv ]cn-io-en-¡pI

o ]Z-§Ä

o hmIy-§Ä

o ssien-IÄ

o ]gw sNmÃpIÄ

o ]c-ky-§Ä

o {]i-kvX-cpsS {]kw-K-§Ä

o teJ-\-§Ä (km-lnXy imkv{X am\-hnI hnj-b-§Ä)

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-XnI {KÙ-§Äþ s{]m^. kn. sI. aqÊXv

("hn-hÀ¯\w' tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)samUyqÄ 4:

Cw¥o-jnÂ\n¶v ae-bm-f-¯n-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXv ]cn-io-en-¡pI

o ]Z-§Ä

o hmIy-§Ä

o ssien-IÄ

o ]gs©mÃpIÄ

o ]c-ky-§Ä

o {]i-kvX-cpsS {]kw-K-§Ä

o teJ-\-§Ä

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:XÀÖ-a-bnÂ hcm-hp¶ A]m-I-X-IÄ -þ s{]m^. hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-Xncn("hn-hÀ¯\w' tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä1. XÀÖa: kn²m-´hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ –þ (FUn: Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c³ & kvIdnb

k¡-dn-b)2. hnhÀ¯\ ]T-\- kn²m-´-§Ä þ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 1.43. hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI þtUm. hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³, tIcf

`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v4. hnhÀ¯\w þ Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)5. XÀÖp-a-bpsS Xmt¡mÂ þkn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `«-Xn-cn, kvssI _p¡v ]»n-tjgvkv,

14

amth- en¡c6. hnhÀ¯\ hnNmcw þ tUm. F³.C. hniz-\mY A¿À

(tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)Assk³saâv

o kÀ¤mßIhpw sshÚm-\n-I-hp-amb GsX-¦nepw IrXn-I-fpsS / ]T-\-§-fpsS

hnhÀ¯-\w-þ-Cw-¥o-jnÂ\n¶v ae-bm-f-¯n-tet¡m ae-bm-f-¯nÂ \n¶v Cw¥o-jn-

tet¡m

o GsX-¦nepw hnhÀ¯-\-§-fpsS aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp-ff Xmc-Xayw

o imkv{-X-km-t¦-XnI ]Z-§Ä¡v X¯p-ey-amb ae-bmf ]Z-§Ä Is-¯pI

o Cw¥ojv kn\n-abv¡v ae-bmfw k_vssS-än-ep-IÄ Fgp-XpI

o ae-bmf kn\n-abv¡v Cw¥ojv k_vssS-än-ep-IÄ Fgp-Xp-I.

********

Code. MA3A09(01)

ska-ÌÀþ IIItImg-kv-þ9

ae-bmf kmlnXyw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-¡qÀ s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

ae-bmf kmln-Xys¯ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw kmln-Xy-¯nÂ

XmÂ]cyw P\n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI

hyXykvX kmlnXy cq]-§Ä, {]Øm-\-§Ä F¶n-hsb hnZymÀ°n¡v ]cn-N-b-s¸-

Sp-¯p-Ibpw kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-tijn hfÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿pI

ka-Im-eo\ kmlnXy kn²m-´-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw Dm-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

ae-bmf Ihn-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-amb Adnhv e`n-¡p¶ ]mT-`m-K-§-fmWv Cu

`mK¯v \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. CXn-lm-kw, alm-Im-hyw, JWvU-Im-hyw, `mh-KoXn

F¶o kmln-Xy-cq-]-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw {]Øm-\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw ]cnNb-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-

mbn-cn-¡Ww hni-Z-]-T\w \S-t¯--Xv.

F) sNdp-tÈ-cn, Fgp-¯-Ñ³, Ip©³ \¼ymÀ, ]q´m-\w, cma-]p-c¯v hmcyÀ,

D®mbn hmcyÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS cN-\m-co-Xn-Isf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-

Sp¯n Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Ihn-Xm-`m-K-§Ä hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡p-I.

1. tKmhÀ²-t\m-²m-cWw (Ir-jvW-Km-Y) þ sNdp-tÈcn

Xs¶-bp-h¶p-tff--mscÃm-cp-an-§-s\.....

.............. B\-µ-Km\w XpS-§n-\m-t\....)

2. KmÔm-co-hn-em]w (kv{Xo-]ÀÆw) þ Fgp-¯-Ñ³

3. IÃym-W-ku-K-ÔnIw þ Ip©³ \¼ymÀ

AXp-I-p-l-\p-am-\p-a-Xp-ew.......

............ hoWp-h-W§n ]Zm-t´..........)

15

_n) Bim³, Df-fqÀ, hf-f-t¯mÄ F¶n-h- cpsS cN-\-IÄ kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-¯n-ep--

m-¡nb `mhp-I-Xz-hy-Xn-bm\w Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. Ch-cpsS Hcp JWvU-Im-hytam

Ihn-Xm-`m-Ktam hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw A¡m-e-s¯-gp-Xnb aäp Ihn-I-fpsS

cN-\-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

NWvUm-e-`n-£pIn (c-mw-J-WvUw) þ Ipam-c-\m-im³

ae-tI-dÂ (X-]vX-lr-Z-bw) þ Df-fqÀ

Hc tXmWn-bm{X þ hf-f-t¯mÄ

kn) \thm-°m-\-Im-e¯pw AXn-\p-ti-j-hp-ap-ff IhnXmNcn{Xw kmam-\y-ambn

a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. ]pXnb Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. Bdp Ihn-X-I-fpsS

kam-lm-c¯nÂ aqs¶®w hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡p-I.

.1 kÀ¸-¡mSv þ sshtem-¸n-ffn

2. Idp-¯-sN-«n-¨n-IÄ þ CS-tÈcn

3. _m¡n-h-Ã-Xp-aptm þ F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ

4. ]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw þ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

5. am¼-g-¡mew þ ]n.-]n. cma-N-{µ³

6. Ae-ªp-Xn-cn-bp¶ IhnX þ d^o¡v Al-½Zv

(C-S-tÈ-cn, F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cyÀ, ]n. ]n. cma-N-{µ³ F¶n-h-cpsS Ihn-X-I-fmWv

Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ

]Tn-t¡--Xv)

samUyqÄ 2

ae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn-{Xw, hnIm-kw, ]cn-Wmaw F¶nh kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-

s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. 6 IY-I-fnÂ\n¶v 3 F®w hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡-Ww. Hcp t\mhepw hni-Z-

ambn ]Tn-¡-Ww.

sNdp-IY

1. ssSKÀ þ _joÀ

2. Hcp \{km-Wn-bp-hmhpw Kufn-im-kv{Xhpw þ k¡-dnb

3. hfÀ¯p-ar-K-§Ä þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ

4. aq¶m-a-sXmcmÄ þ apqÀ IrjvW³Ip«n

5. LSn-Im-c-§Ä \ne-bv¡p¶ kabw þ kp`m-jvN-{µ³

6. taml-aªv þ sI.-BÀ. aoc

(_joÀ, apqÀ IrjvW³Ip-«n, kp`mjv N{µ³ F¶n-h-cpsS IY-I-fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ

]Tn-t¡--Xv)

t\mhÂ

16

hr²-k-Z\w þ Sn.-hn. sIm¨p_mh

samUyqÄ 3

F. KZy-km-ln-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kmam\y ]cn-Nbw Dm-¡-Ww. D]-\ym-kw,

hnaÀi-\w, kmln-Xy-

kw-kvImc ]T-\-§Ä apX-emb taJ-e-I-fnÂ\n-¶p-ff 6 teJ-\-§-fnÂ 2 F®w hni-Z-ambn

]Tn-¡-Ww.

1. [À½-cmP (ssZ-h-\o-Xn¡v Zm£n-Wy-an-Ã) þ sI. `mkvI-c³

\mbÀ

2. ac-¡p-cnipw hnip² incÊpw þ sI.-]n. A¸³

(sI.-]n. A¸sâ sXc-sª-Sp¯ teJ-\-§Ä hmfyw-þ1)

3. A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Zcn-{Z-am-¡p¶ hyh-kmb kwkvImcw -þ Fw.-

F³. hnP-b³

(hÀ®-§-fpsS kwKo-Xw)

4. kmln-Xy-hnZy (km-ln-Xy-hn-Zy) þ Ip«n-IrjvW

amcmÀ

5. Imhy-tl-Xp-¡Ä þ Fw.-sI. km\p

(Im-hy-X¯z {]th-in-I) Un.-kn. _pIvkv

6. Zn hm¡À (th-dn« ImgvN-IÄ) þ hn.-sI.

{iocm-a³

(Ip-«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ, Fw. sI. km\p F¶n-h-cpsS teJ-\-§-fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ ]Tn-

t¡--Xv)

samUyqÄ þ4

\mS-Iw, Xnc-¡Y F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw Dm-¡Ww. Cu taJ-e-I-fnÂ

\n¶pÅ cp-

Ir-Xn-IÄ \nÀt±-in-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. k_ÀaXn Zqsc-bmWv (G-Im¦ \mS-Iw) þ Pn. i¦-c-¸n-ff

2. ImgvN (Xn-c-¡-Y) þ »Ên

***********

Code. MA4A10(01)

ska-ÌÀþ IVtImg-kv-þ10

kwkvIm-chpw \mK-cn-I-Xbpw


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

17

tIc-f-kw-kvIm-c-¯n\v Du¶Â \ÂIn-s¡mv Cý³ kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw \mK-cn-I-X-

bp-sSbpw ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn-¨p-ff {][m\

hkvXp-X-Ifpw kao-]-\-co-Xn-Ifpw hnZymÀ°n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn-¨p-ff k¦Â]-\-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡pI

Cý³ kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-

ambn kao-]n-¡p-hm-\p-ff Ignhv hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡pI

tIc-f-¯nsâ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw \mK-cn-I-X-sb-Ip-dn¨pw kmam-\y-amb Adn-

hp-m-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

{]Ir-Xnbpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ Bhn-jv¡m-c-§Ä, kwkvImc ]ptcm-K-

Xn-bp-tSbpw ]cn-Wm-a-¯n-sâbpw L«-§Ä þ hn`-P-\w-þ-hn-`-P-\-¯nsâ am\-Z-

WvU-§Ä, kmwkvIm-cnI cq]-§-fpsS BZm\ {]Zm-\-§Ä, imkv{Xhpw kwkvImc-hpw,

kwkvIm-chpw \mK-cn-I-X-bpw, \mK-cn-I-Xbpw \K-c-hÂ¡-c-W-hpw, kwkvIm-

chpw B[p-\n-I-X-bpw-þ-kw-kvImcw Hcp {]{Inb F¶ \nebv¡pw DÂ]-¶-sa¶ \ne-

bv¡pw, kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-ff hnhn[ ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ-þ-h-tc-Wy-kw-kvIm-

chpw P\-Iob kwkvIm-c-hpw-þ-sXmgnemfn hÀ¤ kwkvIm-cw-þ-km-am\y

kwkvIm-cw-þ-kw-kvImc hyh-km-bw-þ-kw-kvIm-chpw BtKm-fo-I-cWhpwþ-hn-h-

c-§-fpsS {]hm-lw, kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ hmWn-Py-hÂ¡-c-Ww.

samUyqÄ 2

Cý³ kwkvIm-cw-þ-hn-hn[ kao-]-\-§Ä-þ-sImtfmWn-bÂ, km{am-Py-Xz, anj-\dn

kao-]-\-§Ä-þ-Hm-dn-bâ-en-Ìp-I-fp-sSbpw tZio-b-hm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw kzman hnth-

Im-\-µ³, Ac-hnµvtLmjv, cho-{µ-\mY SmtKmÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cp-sSbpw `mc-Xob

kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-ff \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ, aX-\n-c-t]£ kao-]-\-§Ä-þ-{_m-Ò-W-ta-[m-

hn-¯-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb {]t£m-`-W-§fpw ZfnXv apt¶-ä-§-fpw.

taml³P-Zm-tcm-þ-lm-c-¸³ kwkvIm-cw-þ-ssP-\n-kw-þ-_p-²n-kw-þ-C-h-bpsS

kmaq-ly-{]-k-àn, apKf cmP-kw-`m-h-\-þ-`àn {]Øm-\w, Iebpw kmln-Xy-hpw-þ-

{_n-«ojv A[n-\n-th-ihpw kmwkvIm-cnI kzm[o-\-hpw, kmap-Zm-bnI aX ]cn-jvI-

cW {]Øm-\-§Ä, KmÔn-Pn-bpsS {Kma-kz-cm-Pv, Cý³ aX-\n-c-t]-£-X-sb-¡p-dn-

¨p-ff s\lvdp-hnsâ ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ.

samUyqÄ 3

{Zmhn-U-kw-kvIm-cw-þ-tI-c-f-¯nse {]mMv Ncn{X kaq-lhpw kwkvIm-chpw tIc-

f-¯nsâ `q{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw Bhmk hyh-Ø-bp-sSbpw kzm[o\w kwkvIm-c-¯nÂ,

ss{XhÀ®nI kwkvIm-cw-þ-hn-hn[ aX-§fpw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw (C-Émw-þ-{In-

kvXy³-þ-_p-²-þ-ssP\ apX-em-b-h) ae-bmf kmln-Xyw-þ-cm-a-N-cn-X-Im-c³, I®-i³,

sNdp-tÈ-cn, Fgp-¯-Ñ³, Ip©³\-¼ymÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ-þ-`mjm

hnIm-kw-þ-\m-S³I-e-Ifpw ¢mkn-¡Â Ie-I-fpw-þ-a-e-bmf KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ hfÀ¨.

samUyqÄ 4

18

kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW {]Øm-\-§Ä-þ-]-{X- am-knI {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä-þ-tZ-iob {]Øm-\wþ

tZiob {]Øm-\-¯nsâ kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nÂ-þ-sFIytI-cf {]Øm-\w, tIcf

cq]o-I-c-Ww, ImÀjnI ]cn-jn-I-c-Ww, tIcf hnI-k\ amXr-I, km£-cXm {]hÀ¯-\w, A[n-

Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-cW {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-kw, BtKm-f-hÂ¡-c-W-hpw

tIc-f-hpw-þ-\-h-km-aq-ly-{]-Øm-\-§Ä-þ-tI-c-fhpw {]hm-kn-I-fpw.

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:

kwkvImc ]T\w: Ncn-{Xw, kn²m-´w, {]tbmKw þ ae-bmf ]T\w kwLw, Idâv

_pIvkv, tIm«-bw.

P\-{]nb kwkvIm-cw-þ-N-cn-{Xhpw kn²m-´hpw þ jmPn tP¡-_v, amXr-`qan

_pIvkv,

tImgn-t¡mSv

tIcf Ncn{Xw þ cmP³ Kpcp-¡Ä, cmL-h-hm-cn-

bÀ

(hf-f-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw, FS-

¸mÄ)

tIcf kwkvImcw þ F. {io[-c-ta-t\m³

tIcf Ncn{Xw þ F. {io[-c-ta-t\m³

tIc-f-¯nsâ C¶-se-IÄ þ sI.-F³. KtWjv

tIc-fo-b-X-þ-N-cn-{X-am-\-§Ä þ Fw.-BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cn-

bÀ

lnµp kzcmPv þ alm-ßm-KmÔn

C´ysb Is-¯Â þ Ph-lÀemÂ s\lvdp

C´y³ tZio-b-X-bpsS kmaqly ]Ým-¯ewþ F.-BÀ. tZimbn (`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v)

tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn{Xw þ ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³

a[y-Ime tIc-fw-þ-k-¼-¯v, kaq-lw, kwkvImcw þ Fw.-BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cyÀ

(Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv)

kwkvIm-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw þ tUm. sI.-F³. ]Wn-¡À

Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ

tZio-b-Xbpw kmln-Xyhpw þ C.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW³, Un.-

kn. _pIvkv,

tIm«bw

ka-\z-bhpw kwLÀjhpw þ hn. Ac-hn-µm-£³, Nn´ ]»n-

tjgvkv

Culture - Raymond Williams

Composite Culture in a Multi Cultural Society - Ed: Bipin

Chandra & Sucheta Mahajan

The idea of Culture - Terry Eagleton

Interpreting Early India - Romila Thapar

19

Culture and Civilisation of India - D.D. Kosambi

Ancient Indian Social History - Romila Thapar

************

Code. MA1A07(02)

ska-ÌÀþ ItIma¬ tImg-kv-þ7

ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw

kÀ¤m-ßI cN-\bpw Bib hn\n-a-b-ti-jn-bpw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-¡qÀ

s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

hmWnPy imkv{X hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v kmln-Xy-]-chpw kmln-tXy-X-c-hp-amb Bi-b-

hn-\n-ab coXn-IÄ

]cn-N-bs¸-Sp¯n Ahsc Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n\v {]m]vX-cm-¡p-I.

kÀ¤m-ßI cN-\-I-fnÂ XmÂ]cyw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-I. teJ-\w-þ-I¯v F¶nh Fgp-Xp-

hm\pw XÀÖ-a-IÄ \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-hm-\p-ff ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIpI

hmWnPy imkv{X-]-c-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1: kvac-W-IÄ

(B-sd-®-¯nÂ \mse®w ]Tn-¨mÂ aXn)

\mS-I-¯n\p ]n¶nse \mSIw (IÀa-hn-]m-Iw) þ hn.-Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸mSv

\nd-IpSw (Po-hn-X-¸m-X) þ sNdp-ImSv

hntZ-im-\p-`-h-§Ä (HmÀ¯mÂ hnkva-bw) þ Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-cen

Abn-¯-¯n-s\-Xnsc (Fsâ Pohn-X-I-Y) þ F.-sI.-Pn.

B a\p-jy³ \o Xs¶ (C-h³ Fsâ {]nb kn.-sP)þ tdmkn tXmakv

A¼Xv cq] i¼-f-ap-ff DtZym-K-Ø³ þ Fw.-sI.-sI. \mbÀ

(B-tcmSpw ]cn-`-h-an-Ãm-sX)

(Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ hn.-Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv, sNdp-Im-Sv, F.-sI.-Pn,- tdmkn tXmakv

F¶n-h-cpsS cN-\-IfmWv ]Tn-t¡--Xv).

samUyqÄ 2: hnNm-c-km-lnXn (te-J\ kam-lm-cw)

(B-sd-®-¯nÂ \mse®w ]Tn-¨mÂ aXn)

ae-bmfw ad-¡p-¶-hÀ (In-fn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS) þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³ \

mbÀ

kv{Xo {]mXn-\n-[yhpw kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw þ AaÀXym-sk³, tIc-f-

`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v 2004

(hnIk\w Xs¶ kzmX-{´yw)

ASp-¡f Xncn-¨p-]n-Sn-¡pI þ kmdm-tPm-k^v

20

tIc-fo-b-Xbpw kn\n-a-bpsS ]cn-N-c- Whpw þ Pn.-]n. cma-N-{µ³,

NBS tIm«-bw, 1998

(kn\n-abpw ae-bm-fn-bpsS Pohn-X-hpw)

^mkn-k-¯nsâ a\:imkv{Xw þ Fw.-]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀ

(_p-²sâ Nncn)

Ie-bnse kztZin {]Øm-\hpw ]p\-cp-²m-c-Whpw þ hnP-b-Ip-amÀ tat\m³

(`m-c-Xo-b-Ie 20-þmw \qäm-nÂ)

(Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, Pn.-]n. cma-N-{µ³,

hnP-bvIp-amÀ tat\m³ F¶n-h-cpsS teJ-\-§-fmWv ]Tn-t¡--Xv).

samUyqÄ 3:

F) hmWn-Py-¡-¯p-IÄ

1. hmWn-Py-]-c-amb hnhn[ Fgp-¯p-I-fpsS kz`mhw

2. hnhn-[-Xcw I¯p-I-fpsS amXrI (Hu-tZym-Kn-Iw)

3. ]c-ky-`mj (ZÀLm-kp-IÄ, Adn-bn-¸p-IÄ, Fkv.-Fw.-F-kv., aäp-]-c-ky-§Ä)

4. _nkn-\Êv tPÀW-enkw (hn-hn[ B\p-Im-en-I-§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯Ww. Ah-

bnse `mjbpw ssienbpw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww)

_n) ae-bm-fhpw hnh-c-km-t¦-Xn-IXbpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

1. "C\n hmb\ Cþ-hm-b-\' þ hn. sI. BZÀiv (C\n hmb\ Cþ hmb\ F¶ ]pkvX-I-

¯nse teJ-\w, Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn koco--kv)

2. ae-bmfw sh_vssk-äp-IÄ-þ-tSmw. sP. a§m«v

("ssk-_À ae-bmfw' þ FUn. Sn. hn. kp\oX , Idâv _pIvkv, XriqÀ)

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

hmWn-Py-]-c-amb I¯n-S-]m-Sp-IÄ 12-þmw A[ymbw hsc (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-

äyq-«v)

samUyqÄ 4: hnhÀ¯\w

hnhÀ¯-\w-þ-\nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä-þ-t{km-X-`mj (Source of Language) e£y-`mj (Target

Language) hnhÀ¯-\-¯n-eq-sS-bp-ff Bi-b-hn-\n-abw þ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-I-fpw-

þ-hn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]m[m-\yw-þ-km-lnXy hnhÀ¯-\-¯nse {]iv\-§Ä-þ-im-kv{X-Ir-Xn-

I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-¯nse {]tXyI {]iv\-§Ä-þ-{]-kw-K-]-cn-`m-j-þ-]-{Xw, tdUn-tbm,

sSen-hn-j³ XpS-§nb _lp-P\ am[y-a-§Ä¡p-th-n-bp-ff hnhÀ¯-\-¯nÂ {i²n-t¡ Imcy-§Ä-

þ-]-c-ky-§Ä, HutZym-KnI dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ, I¯n-S-]m-Sp-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS hnhÀ¯-\w.

b{´-hn-hÀ¯\w (Mechine Translation) en]y-´-c-Ww (Transliteration) hnhÀ¯\ ]p\:krjvSn

(Transcreation) F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-ff kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw (hn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ hnhn-[-X-

e-§sf DZm-l-c-W-§-fn-eq-sSbpw {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eq-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-

Sp-t¯XmWv).

21

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

1. XÀÖa: kn²m-´hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ þ (F-Un) Pbm-kp-Ip-

am-c³ &

kvIdnb k¡-dn-b)

2. hnhÀ¯\ ]T\ kn²m-´-§Ä þ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 1.4

3. hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI þ tUm.-hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-

{µ³

tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

4. hnhÀ¯\w þ Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ

(tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

5. XÀÖp-a-bpsS Xmt¡mÂ þ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `«-

Xncn

kvssI _p¡v ]»n-tj-gvkv,

amth-en-¡c

6. hnhÀ¯\ hnNmcw þ tUm. F³.-C. hniz-\mY

A¿À


7. `mjbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw þ Fw.-]n. kZm-in-h³


***************

Code. MA2A09(02)

ska-ÌÀþ II tIma¬ tImg-kv-þ9

ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-¡qÀs{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±iye-£y-§Ä

ae-bmf `mj, kmlnXyw kwkvImcw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v s]mXp[m-c-W-IÄ cp]-s¸-Sp-

¯p-I.

`mj-bnse hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI

kÀ¤m-ßI cN-\-bn-teÀs¸-Sm-\p-ff hnZymÀ°n-bpsS tijn hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI

samUyqÄ 1: IY-IÄ

(Bdv IY-I-fnÂ \mse®w ]Tn-¡-Ww)

Bcm-[\ þ Ddq_v

lmbv, F´p-c-k-ap-ff Ifn-IÄ þ AIv_À I¡-«nÂ

Xcn-ip-\new þ am[-hn-¡p«n

£pc-ky-[mc þ kn.-hn. {iocm-a³

22

hnhm-l-¸n-tä¶v þ hn.-sI.-F³

UÂln 1981 þ Fw. apIp-µ³

(Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ Ddq-_v, am[-hn-¡p-«n, hn.-sI.F³., apIp-µ³ F¶n-h-cpsS IY-I-

fmWv ]Tn-t¡--Xv).

samUyqÄ 2: IhnX-IÄ

(Bdv IhnXI-fnÂ \mse®w ]Tn-¡-Ww)

Fsâ `mj þ hf-f-t¯mÄ

DuªmenÂ þ sshtem-¸n-ffn

\nanjw þ Pn. i¦c-¡p-dp¸v

amªp-a-dª ]q¡mew þ ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ

ag-¡mew þ A³hÀ Aen

arKin£-I³ þ hnP-b-e£van

(Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ hf-f-t¯mÄ, sshtem-¸n-f-fn, ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³\m-bÀ, A³hÀ Aen F¶n-h-

cpsS Ihn-X-I-fmWv ]Tn-t¡--Xv)

samUyqÄ 3: t\mhÂ

thcp-IÄ þ ae-bm-äqÀ cma-Ir-jvW³

samUyqÄ 4: Xnc-¡Y/\mSIw

s]cp-h-gn-b-¼ew (Xn-c-¡-Y) þ ]Zva-cm-P³

************

Code. MA1A07(03)ska-ÌÀþ I

tIma¬ tImg-kv-þ7ae-bmf kmln-Xy-]-T\w

kÀ¤m-ßI cN-\bpw Bib hn\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw


s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±iye-£y-§Ä

]c-¼-cm-K-X-a-Ãm¯ t{]m{Km-ap-IÄ¡v ]Tn-¡p¶ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v kmln-Xy-þ-

kmw-kvIm-cnI taJ-e-bnÂ XmÂ]cyw hfÀ¯p-I.

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI

imkv{X-hn-j-b-§Ä amXr-`m-j-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\p-ff Ign-hp-m-¡pI

hnhÀ¯-\-¯n-\p-ff _me]mT§Ä ]Tn-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1: sshÚm-\nI kmlnXy cN\

ae-bm-f-¯nÂ hnI-kn-¨p-sImncn-¡p¶ Hcp kmln-Xy-im-J-bmWv imkv{X-km-ln-

Xyw. imkv{X kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ \nXy-Po-hn-X-¯nÂ sNep-¯p¶ kzm[o\w h¼n-¨-

Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv Xs¶ imkv{X Imcy-§Ä efn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\p-ff Ignhv

23

imkv{X-hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Dm-thXv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. A¯cw cN-\-I-fpsS

{]iv\-§fpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bmWv Cu samUyq-fnsâ e£yw.

ae-bm-f-¯nÂ sshÚm-\nI kmln-Xy-¯nsâ Øm\w, sshÚm-\nI kmln-Xy-¯n\pw kÀKm-

ßI kmln-Xy-¯n\pw Dff hyXym-k-§Ä -þ-ssh-Úm-\nI kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bpsS {]iv\-§Ä-

þ-`m-j-þ-ssi-en-þ-km-t¦-XnI ]Z-§Ä-þ-{]-Xn-]m-Z\ coXn-bpsS {]m[m\yw.

imkv{X-hn-j-b-§Ä kÀKm-ßI cN-\bv¡v hnj-b-am-¡p-t¼mÄ Dm-Ip¶ {]iv\-§Ä.

samUyqÄ 2: imkv{X-km-lnXn (imkv{X teJ-\-§-fpsS kam-lm-cw)1. Nne-´n-he þ sI. `mkv¡-c³ \mbÀ2. BcpsSbmWo `qan þ BÀ.-hn.-Pn. tat\m³3. \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn-s¡mcmapJw þ Sn. {]Zo]v

(Ipªp-I-W-§Ä¡v hk-´w) Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«bw4. hwi-§-fpsS AXn-Po-h\w þ Poh³ tPm_v tXmakv

(hn-izm-k-¯nsâ ico-c-im-kv{Xw) Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«bw5. Pem-h-Imiw: `c-W-Iq-Sw, It¼m-fw, kaq-lw-þ-h-µ\ inh, amXr-`qan _pIvkv, tImgn-t¡mSv

(Pe-bp-²-§Ä)

(sI. `mkvI-c³ \mbÀ, BÀ.-hn.-Pn. tat\m³, Sn. {]Zo-]v, hµ-\-inh F¶n-h-cpsS

teJ-\-§- fmWv Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ ]Tn-t¡--Xv).

samUyq-Ä 3: Hcp imkv{X-Úsâ Poh-N-cn{Xwbqdn-K-Km-dn³ þ kn.-Pn. im´-Ip-amÀ

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j¯v, XrÈqÀsamUyq-Ä 4: hnhÀ¯\whnhÀ¯-\w-þ-\nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä-þ-t{km-X-`mj (Source of Language) e£y-`mj (Target

Language) hnhÀ¯-\-¯n-eq-sS-bp-ff Bi-b-hn-\n-abw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-I-fpw-

þ-hn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]m[m-\yw-þ-km-lnXy hnhÀ¯-\-¯nse {]iv\-§Ä-þ-im-kv{X-Ir-Xn-

I-fpsS hnhÀ¯-\-¯nse {]tXyI {]iv\-§Ä-þ-{]-kw-K-]-cn-`m-j-þ-]-{Xw, tdUn-tbm,

sSen-hn-j³ XpS-§nb _lp-P\ am[y-a-§Ä¡p-th-n-bp-ff hnhÀ¯-\-¯nÂ {i²n-t¡ Imcy-§Ä þ

]c-ky-§Ä, HutZym-KnI Adn-bn-¸p-IÄ, I¯n-S-]m-Sp-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS hnhÀ¯-\w. b{´-

hn-hÀ¯\w (Mechine Translation) en]y-´-cWw (Transliteraton) hnhÀ¯\ ]p\:krjvSn

(Transcreation) F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-ff kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw (hn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ hnhn[ Xe-

§sf DZm-l-c-W-§-fn-eq-sSbpw {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eq-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-

Sp-t¯--Xm-Wv.)

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. imkv{X hnÚm-\-]-T-\-¯n\v Cþ hmb\ þ hn. sI. BZÀiv

("C\n hmb\ Cþ-hm-b-\' þ Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocnkv)

2. imkv{Xw, aXw, aqey-kr-jvSn, hnZym-`ymkw (hn-Zym-`ymkw kÀ¤-ß-I

Pohn-X-¯n\v þ FUn.sUbvÂ Fw. _tY³þ Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nse teJ-\w, {]km: imkv{X-

km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-¯v)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:1. XÀÖa: kn²m-´hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ þ (F-Un. Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c³ &

kvIdnb k¡-dn-b)2. hnhÀ¯\ ]T\ kn²m-´-§Ä þ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 143. hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI þ tUm. hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³

tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v4. hnhÀ¯\w þ Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ

24

(tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)5. XÀÖp-a-bpsS Xmt¡mÂ þ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `«-Xncn

kvssI _p¡v ]»n-tjgvkv amth-en-¡c6. hnhÀ¯-\-hn-Nmcw þ tUm. F³.-C. hniz-\mY A¿À

(tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)**********

Code. MA2A09(03)

ska-ÌÀþ II tIma¬ tImg-kv-þ9

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-]-T\w]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-¡qÀs{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä:

ae-bmf `mj-bnepw kmln-Xy-¯nepw Xmev]cyw hfÀ¯p-I, Bkzm-Z-\-tijn hfÀ¯pI

ae-bmf `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkvImcw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-[m-cW cq]-s¸-

Sp-¯pI

hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI

amXr-`m-j-bpsS sshIm-cn-I-aq-ey-§fpw km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n-¨-dn-bm-\p-ff

Ah-k-c-samcp¡pI

hnhn[ sshÚm-\nI taJ-e-IÄ kz´w `mj-bnÂ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\p-ff Ign-hp-m-¡p-I.

kÀKm-ß-I-tijn ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1: t\mhÂ

BSp-Po-hnXw þ _\ym-an³ ({Ko³ _pIvkv,

XrÈqÀ)

samUyqÄ 2: IYm-k-am-lmcw

(6 IY-I-fnÂ 4 F®w ]Tn-¨mÂ aXn)

sabnÂ d®À þ Fkv.-sI. s]mä¡mSv

PmPz-ey-am\w þ {]nb F.-Fkv

hn-th-j-§Ä þ sshim-J³

aI³ þ Sn. ]ß-\m-`³

tNme-a-c-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ þ hn.-BÀ. kp[ojv

s]e-a-dpX þ \mcm-b³

(Cu ska-Ì-dnÂ Fkv.-sI. s]mä¡m-Sv, sshim-J³, Sn. ]ß-\m-`³, hn.-BÀ. kp[ojv F¶n-h-

cpsS IY-I-fmWv ]Tn-t¡--Xv).

samUyqÄ 3: \mSIw

A[n-\n-th-i-¯nsâ Bkp-c-h-gn-IÄ þ sI.-Fw. cmL-h³ \¼ymÀ

(kzm-X{´yw Xs¶ Pohn-Xw) þ (tI-cf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an)

samUyqÄ 4 : IhnX]p¯³ Iehpw Acn-hmfpw þ CS-tÈcn

25

************

Code. MA1B01sk-a-ÌÀ I

tImgvkvþ 1

]T\kabw : 108 aWn-¡qÀ

s{I-Unäv : 4

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw þ ]T-\-¯nsâ coXn-imkv{Xw

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

kaqlw, kwkv¡m-cw, kmln-Xyw, `mj, F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ [mcW hnZymÀ°n-I-

fnÂ Dm-¡p-Ibpw aäp imkv{X-§-fpsS ]T-\-§-fnÂ \n¶p `mjm-km-ln-Xy-]-T-\-¯nsâ

coXn-imkv{Xw F§s\ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bp-amWv Cu

tImgvknsâ e£yw

samUyqÄ-þ1

imkv{Xhpw kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xhpw kmln-Xy-hpwþ imkv{X-]-T-\-hpw kmaq-ly-

im-kv{X-]-T-\hpw , kmln-Xyhpw kaq-l-hpw, kmln-Xy-hpw Ncn-{X-hpw, kmln-

Xy-¯nsâ auen-I-X,

Bkzm-Z\w, [Àa-t_m-[-\w, am\-hn-I-X, aqey-§Ä, {]Xy-bimkv{Xw F¶n-hsb kw_-

Ôn¨ kmln-Xy-¯nsâ ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ

klm-b-I-{KÙ-§Ä

Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- km-ln-Xy-hnZy

tUm. eoem-hXn Fw þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ-þþ imkv{Xhpw kmln-Xyhpw

tUm. jmPn-tP-¡-_v. Fw.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ t\mhepw Ncn-{X-hpw-þ-t\m-hÂ

Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ]mT-t`Zw

Imhp-¼mbn _me-Ir-jvW³-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ-þ- im-kv{Xhpw imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-

hpwþ ae-bmfimkv{X-km-ln-Xy-{]-Øm\w Hcp ]T\

w

tUm. ]n. ]n. cho-{µ³-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ kw-kv¡m-cw, kmwkv¡m-cn-I-hm-Zw,

kmwkv¡m-cn-I-`u-Xn-I-hmZw

kwkv¡m-c-]-T\w

tUm. sI. F³. ]Wn-¡À-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- kw-kv¡m-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw

samUyqÄ-þ2

`mjþ \nÀh-N\w, ImgvN¸m-Sp-IÄ, hyàn-I-fpsS Bi-b-hy-h-lm-c-am-²y-a-sa¶ \ne-

bnepw kmaq-ly-amb \nÀ½nXn F¶-\n-e-bnepw `mj-bpsS \ne-\nÂ¸v. `mjm-Nn-

Ó-§fpw CX-c-Nn-Ó-hy-h-Ø-I-fpw. a\p-jy-`m-j-bp-sSbpw a\p-tjy-X-c-`m-j-bp-

sSbpw hyXy-kvX-X-IÄ, AÀ°-\nÀW-b-t\m-]m-[n-IÄþ A`n[, e£-W, hyRvP\, enwKw,

hÀ®w, PmXn F¶o kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-`m-k-§fpw `mjbpw, kmln-Xy-`m-jbpw kmln-

26

tXyXc-`m-j-bpwþ Ae-¦mcw, hr¯w F¶n- h-bn-eqsS cq]-s¸-Sp¶ kmln-Xy-`m-j-

bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

klm-bI-{K-Ù-§Ä

tUm. Nm¯-\m¯v ANyp-X-\p-®n-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þIm-hy-Nn´

tUm.-]n. sI. \mc-b-W-]n-Å-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þssI-c-fo-[z\n

tUm. Djm-\-¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- km-aq-ln-I-`m-jm-

imkv{Xw

tUm. sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cyÀ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- B-[p-\n-I-`m-jm-

imkv{Xw

tUm. ]n. Fw. Knco-jv-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ -B-Nm-c-

`mj

þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ `mjbpw

A[n-Im-chpw

tUm. Fw. Fkv. tamt\m³ þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ-þþ ]uckvXy-km-ln-Xy ZÀi\w

s\Ãn-¡Â apc-fo-[-c³ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- km-ln-Xy-kn-²m-´-§Ä

samUyqÄ-þ3

kmln-Xyw-þ-hy-Xy-kvX-Im-gvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ. Bkzm-Z-I³, Ir-Xn, IÀ¯mhv þ ]T-\-co-

Xn-IÄ-þ-[À½-hm-Z-]-cw, a\-Èm-kv{X-]cw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-cw, Poh-N-cn-

{X-]-cw, kmln-Xyw kaq-l-¯nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-sa-¶-\n-e-bn-epw, {]Xn-\n-[m-\Iw

F¶ \ne-bn-epw, kmwkv¡m-cn-tImÂ¸-¶-sa¶ \ne-bnepw

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä- -

Fw. ANyp-X³þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ ]m-Ým-Xy-km-ln-Xy-ZÀi\w

tUm. sI. Fw. Xc-I³-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- ]m-Ým-Xy-km-ln-Xy-X-Xz-imkv{Xw

tUm. Fw. eoem-h-Xn-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ -\-h-X-cwKw

sI. k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ (FUn-äÀ)-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- -]p-Xp-I-hnX Hcp NÀ¨ tIc-f-I-hnX

2010

samUyqÄ-þ4

kwkv¡mcw þ \nÀÆ-N-\w, kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ Bhn-jv¡m-c-§Ä, A[n-\n-thi kwkv¡m-cw,

kmwkv¡m-cn-Im-[n-\n-th-ihpw {]Xn-tcm-[hpw

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tUm. sI. F³. ]Wn-¡À-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- kw-kv¡m-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw

jmPn-tP-¡_v Fw.-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- t\m-hÂ Ncn-{X-

¯nsâ ]mT-t`Zw

tUm. ]n. ]n. cho-{µ³-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ -kw-kv¡m-c-]-T\w

kw-kv¡m-c-]-T\w -þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ- Hcp-kw-Lw-te-J-IÀ-

27

(ae-bmf ]T-\-kw-Lw, ImeSn, -hn-X-cWw

Idâv

_p¡vkv XrÈqÀ)

***************

Code. MA2B02

ska-ÌÀþ IItImg-kv-þ2

IYm kmln-Xy-w


s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä:t\mhÂ, sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v kmam-\ym-h-t_m[w Dm-¡pI

ae-bmf t\mhÂ, sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-¯nsâ hfÀ¨sb a\-Ên-em-¡pI

ka-Im-eo\ t\mh-en-sâbpw IY-bp-sSbpw kz`m-h-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bpI

Ncn-{Xhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Hcp DÂ]-¶-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Cu kmlnXy cq]-§sf

DÄs¡mffp-I.

samUyqÄ 1:

t\mhÂþ]m-ÝmXy ]uckvXy \nÀh-N-\-§Ä-þ-t\m-hÂ apt¶m-Sn-IÄ hniz-km-ln-Xy-

¯nÂ-þ-sdmam³kp-Ifpw t\msh-Ã-I-fpw-þ-]m-Ým-Xy-km-ln-Xy-¯nse BZy-Ime

t\mh-ep-IÄ-þ-hn-iz-{]-kn-²-§-fmb t\mh-ep-Ifpw t\mh-en-Ìp-I-fpw-þ-hn-t\m-Zhpw

hnÚm-\-hpw-þ-a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn, Pohn-Xw kwkvIm-c-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-ff ]

pXnb Adn-hp-IÄ temIw apgp-h³ ]c-¡p-¶Xv t\mh-ep-I-fn-eqsS. `mc-Xob t\mh-

ep-IÄ-þ-

B-Zy-Ime t\mh-ep-Ifpw t\mh-en-Ìp-I-fpw-þ-t\m-hÂ ae-bm-f-¯nÂ-þ-ap-t¶m-Sn-

IÄ-þ-B-Zys¯ ae-bmf t\mhÂ-þ-hy-Xy-kvXm-`n-{]m-b-§Ä-þ19mw \qäm-nse t\mh-

ep-IÄ-þ-C-µp-te-Jbpw A\p-I-c-W-§-fpw-þ-C-µp-te-J-bpsS Ncn-{X-]-chpw

kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb {]m[m-\yw.

Ncn-{X-t\m-h-ep-IÄ -þ kn.-hn. cma³]n-f-f-bpsS Ncn-{X-t\m-h-ep-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-

X-IÄ-þ-{]m-[m-\yw.

XÀÖa t\mh-ep-IÄ þ hniz-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS XÀÖ-a-IÄ, tSmÄtÌm-bv, hnIvSÀ

lyqtKm, NmÄkv Un¡³kv, slanMvth XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS IrXn-Itfm cho-{µ-\m-Y-Sm-

tKmÀ, _¦nw-N-{µ-Nm-äÀPn, Xmcm-i-¦À _tµym-]m-[ym-b, ic-¨-{µ-Nm-ämÀPn,

Bim-]qÀ®m-tZhn XpS-§nb C´y³km-ln-Xy-Im-c-·m-cpsS t\mh-ep-Itfm BImw.

tIc-fob kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI A´-co£w {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶ t\mh-ep-IÄ-þ-t\m-

h-ep-I-fn-eq-sS-am{Xw A\m-h-cWw sN¿-s¸«, AXp-hsc ]pdw-temIw Adn-bm-Xn-

cp¶ Pohn-X-§Ä-þ-km-[m-c-W-¡m-cp-sSbpw ASn-Øm\ hÀ¤-¯n-tâbpw Pohn-Xw-

þ-]p-tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ BhnÀ`m-hhpw kzm[o-\hpw t\mh-enÂ þ t\mhÂ

28

km[m-c-W-¡m-csâ Iem-cq-]-ambn amdnb kml-Ncyw XI-gn, tIi-tZ-hv,

_joÀ, Fkv.-sI. Ddq_v ap¯n-cn-t§mSv XpS-§nb Fgp-¯p-ImÀ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. imcZ þ N´p-ta-t\m³

2. [À½cmP þ kn.-hn. cma³]-ff

3. cn-S-§gn þ XIgn

samUyqÄ 2:

kmaq-lnI amä-§Ä þ hyànsb tI{µo-I-cn-¨p-sImpff ]pXnb ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ þ a\-

Èm-kv{X-¯nsâ kzm[o-\w-þ-hy-ànbpw kaq-lhpw þ s]mcp¯-§fpw s]mcp¯-t¡-Sp-

Ifpw þ hyànbpw am\-knI {]iv\-§fpw þ `mj-bp-tSbpw cN-\-bp-tSbpw khn-ti-j-X-

IÄ.

cmP-e-£van, Fw.-Sn., am[-hn-¡p-«n, sI. kptc-{µ³, tImhn-e³, \´-\mÀ, sNdp-Im-

Sv, ]md-¸p-d-¯v, ae-bm-äqÀ cma-Ir-jvW³, kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW³, hÕ-e, F³.-]n. apl-

½Zv XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS cN-\-IÄ. t\mh-enÂ B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS BhnÀ`m-hhpw

kzm[o-\-§fpw, Bhn-jv¡-cW coXn-bnÂ h¶ amä-§Ä þ hyànbpw kaq-lhpw X½n-ep-

ff s]mcp¯-t¡-Sp-IÄ þ hyàn kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ {]iv\-§Ä-þ-im-kv{X-¯nsâ kzm[o-\w-þ-

hn-izm-k-¯-IÀ¨-IÄ-þ-aq-ey-Nyq-Xn-IÄ-þ-A´ÀapJ-Xzw-þ-A-kvXn-Xz-kw-_-Ôn-bmb

{]iv\-§Ä-þ-cm-jv{Sob k¦Â]-§-fnÂh¶ amäw-þ-kz-]v\-§-fpsS \jvSw-þ-{]-Xo-£-I-fpsS

ssItam-iw-þ-am-\-knI hn{`m-´n-IÄ, Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-§Ä/A\y-hÂ¡-c-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Ac-\m-gn-I-t\cw þ ]md-¸p-d¯v

amäm¯n þ kmdm-tPm-k^v

klm-b-{K-Ù-§Ä

t\mhÂ kmlnXyw þ Fw.-]n. t]mÄ

t\mhÂ kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ s{]m^. sI.-Fw. Xc-I³

ae-bmf t\mhÂ 19-þmw \qäm-nÂ þ tUm. tPmÀÖv Ccp-¼bw

BZy-Ime ae-bmf t\mhÂ þ s{]m^. Xp¼-a¬ tXmakv

Ncn-{X-t\m-hÂ ae-bm-f-¯nÂ þ IÂ¸ä _me-Ir-jvW³

kn.-hn. Ncn{XmJym-bn-I-I-fn-eqsS þ Fw.-sI. IrjvW³

{]Xn-]m{Xw `mj-W-t`Zw þ F³. IrjvW-]n-ff

ssZh \oXn¡p Zm£nWyanÃ þ tUm. sI. `mkvI-c³\m-bÀ

t\mhÂ \½p-tSXpw Ah-cp-tSXpw þ Pn.-F³. ]Wn-¡À

t\mhepw cmjv{So-bhpw þ F.-Fw. hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nff

samUyqÄ 3

29

sNdp-I-Y-þ-\nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä hni-Zo-I-c-W- §Ä-þ-hn-iz-km-ln-Xy-¯nÂ-þ-]m-Ým-Xy-

kmln-Xy-¯nse sNdp-I-YIÄ þ hniz-{]-kn-²-cmb sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-¯p-¡Ä-þ-sN-dp-I-Y-

sb¶ kmlnXy cq]-¯nsâ hfÀ¨-þ

-bq-tdm-]y³ `mj-I-fnÂ-þ-em-än-\-ta-cn-¡³-þ-B-{^n-¡³ `mj-I-fnÂ-þ-a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-

Xn-bpsS kq£va-km-£mÂ¡m-c-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Øm\w.

sNdp-IY `mc-Xob `mj-I-fnÂ-þ-h-fÀ¨-þ-sN-dp-IY ae-bm-f-¯nÂ-þ-ssh-tZ-in-I-kzm-

[o\w BZy-Im-e-sN-dp-I-Y-IÄþ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w-þ-]-{X-am-kn-I-I-fpsS {]Nm-cw-þ-

A-\p-I-c-W-§Ä-þ-tI-c-fo-bm-´-co-£-¯nÂ \S-¯nb ]p\:krjvSn, BZy-I-Ym-Im-c³ þ-BZy

sNdp-I-Y-þ19-þmw \qäm-nsâ Ah-km-\w.

Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-nsâ XpS¡w þ 1930-þ-I-tfmsS cq]-s¸« \ho-I-c-W-¯nsâ hàm-¡-

fmbn h¶ XI-gn, tZhv, _joÀ, Ddq-_v, s]m³Ip¶w hÀ¡n, ImcqÀ, hn.-Sn., Fw.-BÀ.-

_n., efn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀP-\w, sI. kc-kz-Xn-b½ F¶n-h-cpsS IY-IÄ þ bYm-X-Y-k-t¦-

Xw-þ-km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb IYm-]m-{X-§Ä, kzmX-{´y-k-a-

c-]-Ým-¯-ew-þ-tI-cf¯nse CS-Xp-]£ cmjv{Sob kzm[o-\w-þ-{]-Xyb imkv{X-]-c-

amb kzm[o-\w-þ-]p-tcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy-¯nsâ {]`m-h-Imew sNdp-I-Y-bpsS aWvU-

e-¯nÂ hcp-¯nb amä-§Ä.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

hmk-\m-hn-IrXn þ tIkcn th§-bnÂ Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-\mÀ

ac-¸m-h-IÄ þ ImcqÀ

a\p-jy-]p{Xn þ efn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀP\w

samUyqÄ-þ4

F) sNdp-I-Y-bnÂ h¶ `mhp-IXz ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä-þ1950-I-tfmsS IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS

am\-knI temI-§sf Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶ coXn Dcp-¯n-cn-bp-¶p. hyàn-bpsS kmaq-ln-I-

kzXzw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ\n¶p amdn B´-c-kz-Xzs¯ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p

{]m[m-\yw, Sn. ]ß-\m-`³, Fw.-Sn., am[-hn-¡p-«n, F³. taml-\³, tImhn-e³, \´-\mÀ,

ae-bm-äqÀ cma-Ir-jvW³ XpS-§n-b-hÀ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Ccp-«nsâ Bßmhv þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ

]£n-bpsS aWw þ am[-hn-¡p«n

sN«n-¸q-¡Ä þ tImhn-e³

_n) B[p\n-IXm {]Øm-\w-þ-]p-Xnb `mhp-IXzw þbm-YmÀ°ys¯ A]-cn-NnXhÂ¡-cn-

¡p-I-þ-B-[p-\n-IXm {]Øm-\-¯nsâ cN-\m-X-{´w-þ-hy-XykvX BJym\ coXn-IÄ-þ-bq-

tdm-¸nse AkvXn-Xz-hm-Zw, iq\y-Xm-hmZw apX-emb Bi-b-K-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\

w-þ(-kmÀ{Xv, Im^vI, Iayp F¶n-h-cpsS ZÀi-\-§-tfm-Sp-ff ASp-¸w)-þ-]-c-¼-cm-K-

X-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-Isf XIÀ¡p¶ coXn Ah-ew-_n-¡Â-þ-Fw.-]n. \mcm-b-W-¸n-f-f,

H.-hn. hnP-b³, Fw. apIp-µ³, ]ß-cm-P³, tkXp, ]p\-¯nÂ Ipª-_vZp-f-f, hn.-sI.-F³.,

30

Im¡-\m-S³, k¡-dn-b, B\-µv, kn.-hn. {iocm-a³, ]«-¯p-hnf Icp-Wm-I-c³ XpS-

§nb IYm-Ir-¯p-¡Ä

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

{]]-©-¯nsâ Ah-in-jvS-§Ä þ k¡-dnb

apcp-I³ F¶ ]m¼m«n þ Fw.-]n. \mcm-b-W-¸n-ff

e©v þ hn.-sI.-F³.

kn) sNdp-I-Y-bpsS ka-Im-enI apJw þ Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS XpS-¡-¯nÂ B[p-\n-IXm

{]Øm-\-¯nsâ hgn-I-tfmSv Htc kabw ASp-¸hpw AI-ehpw ]peÀ¯n Fgp-Xn-b-hÀ

þ]m-c-Un, ]mTm-´-c-_-Ôw, arKIY-I-fp-sSbpw sFXnly§fpsSbpw LS-\-þ-B-Jym\cq]-

§Ä-þ-B-[p-\n-I-X-bvs¡-Xn-sc-bp-ff Ielw þ ]pXnb `mhp-I-Xz-¯nsâ At\z-jWw þ

kv{Xohm-Zw, ]mcn-Øn-X-Im-h-t_m-[w, {]m´-hÂ¡-cn-s¸-«-h-cpsS kzXzm-hn-

jvIm-cw, BtKm-f-hÂ¡-c-W-¯n-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ {]mtZ-in-I-X-bpsS {]Xn-tcm-[w þ

kmaq-lnI Pm{K-X, kq£a cmjv{Sob ss\Xn-I-[m-cW

F³. Fkv. am[-h³, F³ {]`m-I-c³, kn. hn. _me-Ir-jvW³, hn. ]n. inh-Ip-amÀ, sshim-J³,

AIv_À I¡-«n-Â, Atim-I³ sNcp-hnÂ, sI. ]n. \nÀaÂ IpamÀ, t{Kkn, taXnÂ cm[m-Ir-

jvW³, inlm-_p-±o³ s]mbv¯pw-I-S-hv, hn. BÀ. kp[o-jv, kmdm tPmk^v, KoXm

lnc-Wy³, Ajn-X, N{µ-a-Xn, knXmc Fkv, kp[oc, sI. BÀ. aoc, sI. ]n. cma-\p-®n,

_n. apc-fn, kt´mjv F¨n-¡m-\w, ]n. kptc-{µ³, kp`mjv N{µ³, BÀ. D®n, Cµp-ta-

t\m³, sI. tcJ, [\y-cm-Pv, kn. A\p]v XpS-§nb ]pXnb Fgp-¯p-ImÀ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Hä þ hn. ]n. inh-Ip-amÀ

Cu `qan-sb-¸än A[nIw ]d-tb þ kn. hn. _me-Ir-jvW³

]´n-t`m-P\w þ kt´mjv F¨n-¡m\w

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

sNdp-IYm kmlnXyw þ Fw. ]n. t]mÄ

sNdp-IYm kmlnXyw þ Fw. ANyq-X³

IYm-]-T-\-§Ä þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ {KÙm-hen

IY, BJym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-¯bpw þ sI. ]n. A¸³

sN-dp-I-Y-bpsS OµÊv þ tUm. hn. cmP-Ir-jvW³

\nÈ-_vZ-Xbpw \nÀ½m-Whpw þ C. ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e³

IY-bpsS IY þ tUm. sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-amÀ

ae-bm-f-¯nse BZy-Ime sNdp-I-Y-IÄ þ ” ”

100 hÀjw 100 IY þ ” ”

sN-dp-IY hm¡pw hgnbpw þ ” ”

IYbpw `mhp-IXz ]cn-Wm-ahpw þ ” ”

*********************

31

Code. MA3B03

sk-a-ÌÀ IIItImgvkvþ 3

am[y-a-]-T\w]T\kabw : 90 aWn-¡qÀs{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

Bib hn\n-a-b-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\ XXz-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I. hnhn[ Bib hn\nab taJ-e-I-fpsS km[yX Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I._lp-P-\-kw-th-Z\w (mass communication) ]Ým-¯-ew, am[y-a-]-T-\-¯nsâ coXn-

imkv{Xw F¶nhsb-¡p-dn¨v [mc-W-bp-m-¡pI

am[y-a-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ am\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw (Dimensions) XXz-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw

kmam\y t_m[-ap-m-¡pI

B[p-\n-I-km-t¦-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS am[y-a-{]-hÀ¯\w F¶ sXmgnÂ

taJ-e-tbm-SpÅ A`n-cpNn hfÀ¯pI

Ne-¨n{X Bkzm-Z-\w, ]T-\w, Ne-¨n{X \ncq-]Ww F¶n-h-bnÂ XmÂ]cyw P\n-¸n-¡pI

A¨Snþ-Zr-iy-þ-{im-hy-þ-CâÀs\äv taJ-e-I-fnÂ `mj-bpsS {]tbm-K-ssh-hn-²y-§Ä ]

cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

kmaq-ln-I-þ-cm-jv{So-b-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-k-c-§sf \nb-{ń-¡p¶ am[y-a-§-sf-

¡p-dn¨v hnaÀi-\-_p-²n-tbmsS ]Tn-¡m\pw hne-bn-cp-¯m\pw {]m]vX-cm-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ-þ1

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-X-Xz-§Äþ ]e-Xcw Bi-b-hn-\nab§Ä, _lp-P-\-kw-th-

Z\ (mass communication) ¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-ew, A¨-SnbpsS BhnÀ`mhw, hnIm-kw,

A¨Sn am[y-a-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, Cý-bnse ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw (km-am-\

y-]-cn-N-bw) Cý³ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-cwKw kzmX-{ý-¯n-\p-ap¼pw ]n¼pwþ ae-

bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w , anj-Wdn-am-cpsS kw`m-h-\, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\hpw KZy-km-ln-

Xy-¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpw tIc-fob \thm-°m-\hpw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\hpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv

am[y-a-§fpsS BhnÀ`m-hwþ hnIm-kw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

A[n-Im-chpw am[y-a-§-fpwþ _n. BÀ. ]n. `mkvIÀ

("am-[y-a-]-T-\-§Ä' þ FUn. ]·-\-cm-a-N-{µ³ \mbÀ, Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tIcf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ Ncn{Xw þ ]pXp-¸Ån cmLh³, tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zanhr¯m´ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w þ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]nÅam[y-a-§fpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw þ Fw hn. tXma-kv, kmwkvIm-cnI

{]kn-²o-I-cW hIp¸v ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w `n¶-ap-J-§Ä þ tIcf {]Êv A¡m-Zan\m\m \mZw Htc temIw þ ko³amIv ss{_Uv, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«vhmÀ¯þ ]{Xhpw hmÀ¯bpw þ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]p-cw, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-

äyq«vdnt¸mÀ«nwKv þ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]pcw, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-

32

äyq«vk¼qÀ® ]{X-kw-hn-[m\w þ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]pcw, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-

äyq«vhmÀ¯-bpsS inev]-ime þ F³. F³. kXy-{h-X³]{X-`mj þ tIcf {]kv A¡m-Zan]{X temIw þ Sn. thWp-tKm-]m-e³, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-

äyq«v sam-UyqÄ þ 2

Zriy-þ-{imhy am[y-a-§Ä þ {]t£-]-W-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw þ {]t£-]-W-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ

{]tXy-I-X-IÄ þ tdUn-tbm-bpsS BhnÀ`mhw þ hnImkw tIc-f-¯nÂ tdUntbm

{]t£-]W-¯nsâ Bcw`w tdUn-tbm-bv¡p-thn cN-\-IÄ \nÀh-ln-¡p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡ Imcy-

§Ä, P\-Iob am[y-a-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ tdUn-tbm-bpsS {]k-àn, ae-bmf kmln-Xyþ

kwkvImc {]Nm-c-W-¯nÂ tdUntbm hln¨ ]¦v.

sSen-hn-j³ BhnÀ`mhw þ hnImkw þ Sn. hn. C³Uy-bnÂ þ tIc-f-¯nÂ þ hnhn[ Nm\-

ep-IÄ sSen-hn-j³ þ P\-{]nb ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ þ hnÚm-\-hn-t\mZ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ þ

P\m-[n-]Xy kaq-l-¯nÂ Zriy-am-[y-a-§Ä hln-¡p¶ ]¦v

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

tdmUntbm \mSIw þ Sn. F³. tKm]n-\m-Y³ \mbÀ ("\m-SIw Hcp ]T-\w'þkn. sP.

kvamcI {]kwK kanXn, amfp-_³ ]»n-t¡-j³kv, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

Zriy-þ-{imhy am[y-a-§Ä þ Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«vZriy-`mj þ sI. Fkv cmP-ti-J-c³, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«vsS-en-hn-j³ tPW-enkw þ hn. cmP-tKm-]mÂ, Idâv _pIvkvB temIw apXÂ "C' temIw hsc þ tUm. sP. hn. hnf-\newsam-UyqÄ 3

kn\n-aþ BhnÀ`mhw , hfÀ¨, kn\n-a-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä, temI-kn-\na, C³Uy³ kn\n-

a, ae-bmf kn\na (km-am\y ]cn-N-bw) tUmIyq-saâdn kn\n-a-bpsS BhnÀ`mhw þ

tUmIyq-saâdn þ ^o¨À kn\n-a-I-fpsS -hy-Xym-kw, kn\n-abpw kmln-Xy-hpw,

Xnc-¡Ym \nÀ½m-Wwþ Ne-¨n-{Xhpw t{]£-I-\pw, Bkzm-Z\w, \ncq-]-Ww, tIc-fob \

thm-°m-\-¯nsâ {]Xn-\n-[m-\-§Ä ae-bmf kn\n-a-bnÂ hcp-¶-sX-§n-s\, {]mtZ-in-I-

kz-Xz-t_m[w (tI-c-fo-b-X) kn\na DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-sX-§s\ þkn\nam]T\w kmwkvIm-cnI

]T-\-am-Ip-t¼mÄ

klm-bI {KÙ-§ÄNe-¨n-{X-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ þ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«vtem-I-kn-\na þ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³, Un. kn. _pIvkvae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS IY þ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³ amXr-`qan _pIvkvae-bmf kn\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw þ a[p Cd-h-¦-c, Un. kn. _pIvkvHcp kn\na F§-s\-bp-m-Ip¶p þ sI. sI. N{µ³, Nn´m ]»n-tjgvkvtemI kn\n-a-IÄ þ Pn. ]n. cma-N-{µ³, Nn´m ]»n-tjgvkvkn\na hoUntbm sSIv\n¡v -þ tUm. apc-fo-Ir-j-W, Un. kn. _pIvkvIYbpw Xnc-¡-Ybpw þ tUm. BÀ. hn. Fw. Znhm-I-c³, amXr-`qan

33

_pIvkvXnc-¡Ym cN\ Iebpw kn²m-´hpw þ tPmkv. sI. am\p-hÂkn\n-abpw {]Xy-b-imkv{Xhpw þ hn. sI. tPmk^vAen-hnsâ aµm-c-§Ä þ a[p Cd-h-¦ckn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw þ sI. the-¸³cm{Xnbpw aqSÂaªpw þ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW³Nn{Xw Ne-¨n{Xw þ a¦S chn-hÀ½ae-ap-I-fnÂ aªp-s]-¿p-t¼mÄ þ sF. j¬ap-J-Zmkv^nenw Ub-d-£³ þ kmP³ sXcp-h-¸pgsam-UyqÄ 4

ssk_À am[y-a-§Ä : \h-am-[y-a-§Ä, khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, C³^Àta-j³ bpKw þ hnhc kmt¦-

XnI hnZy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab cwK-¯p-m-¡nb hn¹-h-§Ä þ I¼yq-«À, CâÀs\äv þ Cþkmln-

Xyw, CâÀs\äv Broadcasting, CâÀs\äv tdUn-tbm, Cþ sabnÂ, thÄUv sshUv sh_v

(W.W.W) hmÀ¯m-[n-jvTnX sh_vssk-äp-IÄ, Cþ _p¡v, t»mKv, Web {]km-[\w,

hnhn[ sh_v t]mÀ«-ep-IÄ kmam\y ]cn-Nbw

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

ssl-¸À sSIvÌpw aÄ«o-ao-Un-bbpw

("CâÀs\äpw C³t^mÀta-j³ hn¹-hhpw' þ sI. cho-{µ³ & tUm. _n. CIv_mÂ Un. kn.

_pIvkv)

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

CâÀs\äv þ ANyp-Xvi¦À Fkv. \mbÀ


C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn þ ANyp-Xvi-¦À Fkv. \mbÀ,


CâÀs\äv Hcp ]T\w þ ]n. tkXp-am-[-h³, en]n ]»n-t¡-j³kv

CâÀs\äpw C³t^mÀta-j³ hn¹-hhpw þ sI. cho-{µ³ &tUm. _n. CIv_mÂ, Un. kn _pIvkv

B temIw apXÂ "C' temIw hsc þ tUm.sP. hn. hnf-\n-ew, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

ssk-_À kmlnXyw þ kp\oX Sn. hn. (F-Un.), Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ

sam-UyqÄþ 5

am[ya hnaÀi\w : am[y-a-§-fpsS [mÀ½n-IX þ kaq-ls¯ \nb-{´n-¡p¶ am[y-a-§Ä,

H¸o-\n-b³ eoUÀ þ ka-hm-b-¯n-sâbpw k½-X-¯n-sâbpw DÂ¸m-Z\w þ am[y-a-

§fpsS A[n-\n-thiwþ P\{]nb kwkvIm-chpw am[y-a-§fpw þ kmwkvIm-c-¯nsâ _lp-

kz-c-Xbpw am[y-a-§fpw þ am[y-a-§fpw hn]-Wnbpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n-\pÅ teJ-\-§Ä:

a\Êpw am[y-a-§fpw þ Fw. F³ hnP-b³am[ya [mÀ½n-I-Xbpw s]cp-am-ä-¨-«hpw þ F³. ]n. cmP-t{µ³ (t^mÀ¯v FtÌ-änsâ acWw) amXr-`qan

_pIvkv

þ F¶ ]pkvI-X-¯nse teJ\w

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva þ tUm. Sn. sI.-cm-a-N-{µ³am[y-a-§-fpsS {]Xn-tema {]IrXw þ cho-{µ³A[n-\n-th-ihpw am[y-a-§fpw þ tUm. sk_m-Ìy³ t]mÄ (am[y-a-]-T-\-§Ä) Un. kn. _pIvkv þ FUn. ]·\-cm-a-N-{µ³\m-bÀ klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

34

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva þ tUm. Sn.-sI. cma-N-{µ³, amXr-`qanGIm-´-\-K-c-§Ä þ ]n. sI. cmP-ti-J-c³, Un. kn. _pIvkvD¯-cm-[p-\n-IX þ kn . _n. kp[m-I-c³, Un. kn. _pIvkvt_m[-Xo-c-§-fnÂ Imew-an-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ þ F. N{µ-ti-JÀ, sdbn³t_m _pIvkvkn\n-a, kaq-lw, {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw þ cho-{µ³, amXr-`qan _pIvkvam[y-a-§-fpsS A[n-\n-thiw þ FUn-äÀ : {^m³knkv Imc-bv¡m«v

{]km: tPÀW-enkw Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

tUm¬t_mkvtIm tImtfPv

I®qÀ bqWn-th-gvknänP\-{]nb kwkvImcw þ jmPn tP¡ºv

Code. MA3B04

ska-ÌÀþIIItImgvkv þ4

\mSIw ]T\ kabw : 72 aWn-¡qÀ s{IUnäv : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-§Ä

1. ae-bmf \mS-I-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Ncn-Xm-h-t_m-[-ap-m-IWw

2. tIc-f-¯nsâ kmaqly cmjv{Sob kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-¯nÂ \mSIw sNep-

¯nb kzm[o\w t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

3. \mSI Iem-cq-]-¯nsâ LS\-- þ Bhn-jv¡m-c-X-e§fnepÅ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

4. \mS-I-¯n-sâ cwK-`m-j, ico-c-`m-j, kmln-Xy-`m-j-bnse `mjm-t`-Z-hn-

kva-b-§Ä, i_vZ-\n-b-{´-Ww, \mS-I-ZÀi\w F¶nh a\-Ên-em-¡Ww

5. Ac-§v, kwhn-[m-\w, Na-bw, ]Ým-¯-e-kw-Ko-Xw, i_vZ-{I-ao-I-c-Ww,

shfn-¨-hn-Xm\w F¶n-h-sb-¸-än-bpÅ kmam-\y-Úm\w t\SWw

6. \mSIkmln-Xy-]-T-\-¯nepw \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-¯nepw XpSÀ]-T-\-¯nepw

Kth-j-W-¯nepw A`n-cpNn hfÀ¯-Ww.

samUyqÄ:1

F) cwK-I-e-I-fpsS s]mXpkz-`m-h-§Ä-þ-A-\p-jvTm-\m-ß-Ihpw A\p-jvTm-t\-X-c-

hp-amb cwKm-hn-jv¡-c-Ww-þ-\m-tSm-Sn-þ-¢m-knIv \mS-I-]m-c-¼-cyw-þ-hn-`-

P-\-¯nsâ {]am-W-§Ä. sX¿w-þ-ap-Sn-tb-äv, s]mdm«v, Im¡m-c-in, ]qX\pw

Xndbpw apX-emb \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-§Ä. {Ia-Zo-]n-I, B«-{]-Im-c-§Ä, B«-¡-Y-IÄ,

Iq¯-¼-ew, Iq¯v IqSn-bm-«w, IY-I-fn, kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§Ä XpS§n ¢mknIv ]mc-¼-

cyw.

_n) ]qÀh-cq-]-§-fnÂ\n¶v \mSIw F¶ Iem-cq-]-¯n-te-¡p-ff ]uc-kvXyhpw ]mÝm-

Xy-hp-amb \mSI k¦Â]-§-fn-eq-sS-bp-ff hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä-þ-\m-S-I-¯nsâ LS-I-

§Ä:IrXn-þ-\m-S-I-Ir-¯v-þ-th-Zn, cwK-]m-Tw, cwK-¯nse hkvXp-¡Ä-þ-skäv, t{]m¸v

35

XpS-§n-b-h. A`n-\bw:A`n-t\-Xm-hv-þ- t{]-£-I³. \mS-I-{]-tbm-P\w: \mS-Im-\p-

`q-Xn, ZmÀi-\n-Im-\p-`-hw.

]uc-kvXy-\m-SI k¦Â¸w:þ `c-Xsâ \mSy-imkv{Xw B[m-c-am-¡n-þ-\m-Sy-[Àan-þ-

tem-I-[Àan-þ-A-`n-\-b-co-Xn-IÄ (N-XpÀhn-[m-`n-\-bw) hr¯n-IÄ-þ-\m-S-I-L-S-\-

þ-]-©-k-Ôn-IÄ-þ-k-Ôn-I-fpsS LS-I-§-fpsS ckm-\p-`q-Xn-þ-c-k-\nÀh-N-\w-þ-hn-

`m-hw-þ-A\p`m-hw-þ-k-©m-co-`m-h-§Ä-þ-c-k-\n-jv]-¯n-þ-hym-Jym-\-t`-Z§Ä.

\mSI hn`m-K-§Ä-þ-Z-i-cq-]-I-§Ä-þ-cw-Kw-þ-Ac§nse LS-I-§Äþhnhn-[-Xcw thZn-IÄ-

þ-\m-S-I-c-N\m X{´-§Ä-þ-\m-µn-þ-{]-th-i-Iw-þ-hn-jv¡w-`w-þ-B-ß-K-Xw-þ-

A]hmcn-Xw-þ-\m-S-I-kw-hn-[m-\w-þ-kq-{X-[m-c³.

]mÝm-Xy-\m-S-I-k-¦Â¸w-þ-A-cn-tÌm-«n-ensâ t]mb-än-Ivkns\ ASn-Øm-\-s¸-

Sp-¯n-þ-{Sm-P-Un-þ-tIm-a-Un-þ-\m-S-Ihpw CXc BJym-\-cq-]-§fpw þC-Xn-lmkw

Ncn-{Xw. {SmP-Un-bpsS LS-I-§Ä-þ-\m-S-I¯nsâ ^e-{ip-Xn-þ-I-YmÀkn-kv-þ-

hym-Jym-\-§Ä-þ-{Ko-¡v\m-S-IthZnbpsS {]tXy-I-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

CuUn-¸kv cmPmhv þtkmt^m-¢nkv (]-cn-`mj: kn.-sP. tXmakv)

Ducp-`wKw þ`m-k³ (]-cn-`mj: hf-f-t¯mÄ)

ae-bm-f-¯nse {Ko¡v þkwkvIrX \mSI hnhÀ¯-\-§sf-¡p-dn¨v GI-tZ-i-[m-cW hnZymÀ

°n-IÄ¡v Cu samUyqfnÂ \ÂI-Ww.

samUyqÄ:2

B[p-\nI \mS-I-th-Zn-bn-te-¡p-ff hnIm-kw. ]mÝm-Xy-k-¼À¡w-þ-an-Ì-dn-t¹-bvkv-

þ-]m-j³ t¹bvkv-þtj-Ivkv]o-cn-b³\mS-I-th-Zn-þ-t¥m-_vXn-b-äÀ-þ-\m-S-I-th-Zn-

bpsS \ho-I-c-W-¯nÂ C_vk\pw Ìn³_ÀKn-\p-ap-ff ]¦v-þ-kp-L-Sn-X-\m-S-I-§Ä

(Wellmade Drama) {]iv\-\m-S-I-§Ä (Problem plays)þ\mS-I¯nsâ ]nc-an-UÂLS-\-

þ-Xm-Zm-ßo-I-c-Ww-þ-b-Ym-X-Y-th-Zn-þ-]p-Xp-{]-ta-b-§Ä-þ-km-aqlnIwþ -cm-

jv{So-bw-þ F-]nIv Xntb-äÀ-þ-A-\y-hÂ¡-c-Ww-þ-A_vtkÀUv Xnb-äÀ-þ-]p-hÀ Xnb-

äÀ-þ-sX-cp-hp-\m-S-Iw-þ-{`-am-ß-I-\m-S-I-§Ä-þ-{Uowt¹þ

]p-Xp-]-co-£-W-§Ä-þ-Cw-{]-j-Wn-Ìv-þ-F-Ivkv{]-j-WnÌvþ{]Xo-Im-ß-I-\m-S-I-§Ä.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

I\yI þ F³. IrjvW-]n-ff

Cuiz-c³ Ad-ÌnÂ þ F³.-F³. ]nff

samUyqÄ:3

tIc-f-¯nsâ {]mtZ-in-I-\m-S-I-]m-c-¼-cyw-þ-X-an-gvkzm-[o-\w-þ-kw-Ko-X-\m-S-

I§Äþ-{]-l-k-\-§Ä-þ-lm-ky-\m-S-I-§Ä-þ-h-St¡ ae-_m-dnse hnhn-[-\m-S-Im-h-X-c-W-

k-`-IÄ-þ-Ip-«-a-¯v, tZiob t_m[-¯nsâ kzm[o\w cwK-th-Zn-bnÂ-þ-km-aq-lnI

cmjv{So-b-{]-iv\-§Ä-þ-tbm-K-t£-a-k-`-bpsS \mS-hm-X-c-W-]-cn-{i-a-§Ä-þ-]p-

tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-{]-Øm-\hpw \mS-I-th-Zn-bpw-þ-ImÀjn-I-{]-iv\-§fpw \mS-I-

th-Zn-bpw-þ-

36

]m-«-_m-¡n, Iq-«p-Irjn XpS-§nb \mS-I- §-fpsS {]k-àn-þ-a-e-_mÀ tI{µ Iem-k-

an-Xn-þ-]o-¸nÄkv Xnb-äÀ Atkm-kn-tb-j³-þ-sI.-]n.-G.-kn.-þ-tI-c-f-¯nse \mSI Iem-

k-an-Xn-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v:

Aiz-ta[w þ tXm¸nÂ`mkn

CXp `qan-bmW v þ sI.-Sn. apl-½Zv

samUyqÄ: 4

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bnÂ h¶ amä-§Ä-þ-s{]m^j-WÂ, Ata-NzÀ hn`-P-\wþ

{Kmao-W-I-em-k-an-Xn-IÄ-þ-\m-S-Im-h-X-c-W-§Ä-þ-Ip-«n-I-fpsS cwK-th-Zn-þ-

Ip-«n-I-fpsS thZnbpw apXnÀ¶-h-cpw-þ-kv{Xo-]-£-th-Zn-þ-a-e-bm-f-cw-K-th-

Znbpw kv{XoI-fpw-þ-td-Un-tbm-\m-S-I-§Ä-þ-{]-t£-]-W-I-e-þ-kv{In]vänÂ {i²n-t¡

Imcy-§Ä-þ-A-h-X-c-W-co-Xn-þ-kvIn-äp-IÄ-þ-tam-tWm-BIvSvþan-an-{In-þ-Im-

¼kv Xnb-äÀ-þ-{]-Nm-c-W-\m-S-I-thZn

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

cmhp®n þ ]n.-Fw. XmPv

A¸-acw þ Un. ]mWn. tIc-f-_m-e-km-lnXy C³Ìn-äyq«v

sXmgnÂtI-{µ-¯n-te¡v þ FUn-äÀ. F³.-BÀ. {Kma-{]-Imiv

tImgn-t¡mSv kÀÆ-I-em-ime ]»n-t¡-j³

Unhn-j³

ka-Xew þ apÃ-t\-gn-þ-tI-c-f- imkv{Xkmln-Xy-]-cn-j¯v

XrÈqÀ

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:

\mSy-imkv{Xw H¶mw `mKw hnhÀ¯\w þ sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

tIc-f-¯nse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-§Ä þ tUm. Fkv.-sI. \mbÀ

kwKo-X-\m-S-I-N-cn{Xw þ sI.-]n.-F-kv. tat\m³

ae-bmf \mS-I-N-cn{Xw þ s{]m^kÀ. Pn. i¦-c-]n-ff

Db-cp¶ bh-\nI þ kn.-sP. tXmakv

\mSI {]th-inI þ G.-Un. lcn-iÀa

]uc-kvXy-\m-S-I-ZÀi\w þ ]p¯³Imhv am¯³X-c-I³

Zi-cq-]-I-§Ä þ hn.-F-kv. iÀa

th\ÂXp-¼n-IÄ þ _me-km-lnXy C³Ìn-äyq«v

cwK-`mj þ hbem hmkp-tZ-h³]n-ff

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-{]-Øm\w þ Im«p-amSw \mcm-b-W³

tI{µ-I-em-k-an-Xnbpw Iem-k-an-Xn-{]-Øm-\-hpwþ ]h-\³þ" tIfn' Pq¬-þ1976

\mS-I-ZÀ¸Ww þ F³.-F³.-]n-ff

IÀ«³ þ F³.-F³. ]nff

A`n-\-b-¯nsâ ck-X{´w þ apcfn

hnZzm³. ]n. tIfp-\m-b-cpsS Ub-dn-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄþ FUn.-C.-]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e³

37

t_m[-\-\m-S-I-thZn - þ F³.-BÀ. {Kma-{]-Imiv

\mS-I-ZÀi\w þ Pn. i¦-c-¸n-ff

\mS-I-¡-fcn þ kn.-sP.-kvam-cI {]kw-K-k-anXn

cwKm-h-X-cWw þ tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

\mSIw Hcp ]T\w þ kn.-sP. knwt]m-knbw

O{Xhpw Nma-chpw þ Fw.-]n. i¦p®n \mbÀ

\mS-I-¯n-te-s¡mcp \S-¸mX þ F.-]n.-]n. \¼q-Xncn

\mSIw I®nsâ Ie þ Sn.-]n. kpIp-am-c³

Ac§pw s]mcpfpw þ BÀ. \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv

\mS-Iobw þ ssI\n-¡c

I\Â þ amkn-I-þ-{]-Y-a-e¡w

cwK-`mj þ ap½m-k-{]-kn-²o-I-cWw

{_lvänsâ Ie þ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³

_Àt¯mÄUv {_lväv þ Pn. i¦-c-¸n-ff

kq{X-[mcm FXnte FXnte þ hb-em hmkp-tZ-h³]n-ff

Dramatic Experience - J.L. Styan

Introduction to study of Literature - Hudson (Chapter On Drama

only)

Theatre of the Absurd - Martin Esslin

Theory of the Modern stage - Eric Bendtly

Theatre as Sign System - Elania Astom and George

Savona

Right to perform - Sefdentiashi

Third Theatre - Badel Sarcar

***********************

Code MA4B05

ska-ÌÀþIVtImgvkv þ5

ae-bmf IhnX þ ]qÀÆ-L«w

]T\ kabw : 90 aWn-¡qÀ s{IUnäv : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-§Ä

ae-bmf Imhy-im-J-bpsS DÂ]¯n apXÂ 18þmw \qäm-p-h-sc-bpÅ hyXykvX Imhy-

k-{¼-Zmb§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I.

{]mNo\ a²y-Im-e-L-«-§-fnÂ tIc-f-¯nÂ cq]w-sIm Imhy-im-J-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I. ae-

bm-f-`m-jbv¡pw kmln-Xy-¯n\pw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS kw`-hn¨ ]cn-Wm-a-§sf a\-

38

Ên-em-¡p-I. kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ cq]w- sIm kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-fo-b-Xsb cq]-s¸-

Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-XnÂ Cu IrXn-IÄ¡pÅ ]¦pw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

{]mNn-\-km-lnXyw --þ ]m«v, ]m«nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, eoem-Xn-eIw \ÂIp¶ \nÀÆ-

N-\w, e£-W-bp-à-amb cma-N-cn-Xw, ]m«n\v ]nÂ¡m-e-¯p-mb ]cn-Wm-aw,

\ncWw IrXn-IÄ, IrjvW-Km-Y, Fgp-¯-Ñ³ IrXn-IÄ, `àn-{]-Øm-\w, CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-

W-§-fpsS D]-Po-h-\w, _rl-Xv]m-c-¼-cy-¯nsâ kzm[o-\w, _rl-Xv]m-c-¼-cy-¯nÂ

{]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ ka-\z-bw, \nc-Ww IrXn-IÄ, IrjvW-Km-Y, IrjvW-Km-Y-

bnÂ {]I-S-am-Ip¶ kzXz-t_m-[w, tIc-fo-bX þ Oµ-ÊnÂ, `mj-bnÂ, PohnX kµÀ`-§-fnÂ

. Fgp-¯-Ñ³ IrXn-IÄ þ `mj, kwkvIrX kzm[o-\w, kmaqly {]k-àn, kmaqly ]cn-k-cw,

{_mÒ-Wm-[n-]-Xyw, {]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-chpw _rlXv ]mc-¼-cy-hpw, Fgp-¯-Ñ³

IrXn-I-fnse ka-\zb kwkvIm-cw, tIc-fob Ncn-{Xhpw Fgp-¯-Ñ³Ir-Xn-I-fpw, kwkvIm-

chpw [À½-t_m-[hpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Fgp-¯-Ñ³ IrXn-IÄ hln¨ ]¦v.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

cma-N-cnXw þ 3þmw ]Sew

I®-È-cm-am-bWw kpµ-c-ImÞw þ BZys¯ 11 ]m«p-IÄ

IrjvW-KmY þ tla-´-hÀ®\w (sN-dp-tÈ-cn)

A[ymß cmam-bWw Infn-¸m«v þ Injv¡n-Ôm-ImÞw (F-gp-¯-Ñ³)

kya-´Iw XpÅÂ þ Ip©³\¼ymÀ

samUyqÄ 2

aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xyw, aWn-{]-hmf `mj, eoem-Xn-eI \nÀÆ-N-\w, aWn-{]-hm-

fs¯ \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ 1þmw inev]-¯nsâ khn-tij ]T-\w, kwkvIrX kzm[o-\w, kwkvIrX

kmln-Xy-cq-]-§-fpsS ae-bmf amXr-I-IÄ, N¼p, ktµ-i-Im-hyw, kvt{Xm{X-Ir-Xn-IÄ,

Øe-hÀ®-\-IÄ

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

D®p-\oen ktµiw þ {]kvXm-h\ Hgn-hm¡n BZys¯ 10 tÇmI-§Ä

`mjm cmam-bWw N¼p þ koXm-kz-bw-hcw 26-þ36 tÈmI-§fpw

36þmw tÈmI-¯n-\vtijw hcp¶ H¶mw

KZyhpw

(“lc-l-c-inh inh anYn-e-bn-en-b-en-\---þþ-

þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

-{]-l-kn-X-eo-em tem-fn-X-sam-cnSw-”

F¶v hsc)

samUyqÄ 3

39

17, 18 \qäm-p-IÄ, kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn- IÄ, ]mÝmXy anj-W-dn-am-cpsS BK-a-\

w, kmlnXy cq]-§-fpsS {InkvXo-b-amb \nÀ½n-Xn-IÄ, [À½-t_m-[hpw kmwkvIm-

cn-Im-h-t_m-[-hpw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Úm\-¸m\ þ ]q´m\w

IptN-h-hr¯w h©n-¸m«v (Zzm-c-Im-hÀ®-\hpw þ cma-]p-c-¯p-hm-cn-bÀ

IrjvW-Ip-tNe kwK-ahpw am{Xw)

“C¸m-cn-en-¶n-Ão-h-®-sam-cp-a-lm-cm-P-[m-\n…..

-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

am{Xw t]mepw [\-lo-\-\mb hn{]³ apIp-µs\

am\kw sIms-Sp-¯n«v IqsS sImp-t]mbv” þ F¶p-hsc

]p¯³]m\ 12-þmw ]mZw ssZh-am-Xm-hnsâ

hymIp-e-{]-em]w (A½ I\ym-a-Wn-X-sâ.. þ AÀt®mkv ]mXn-cn,

(km³tPmkv

`hn-¡-X-kvamÂ F¶p-h-sc) _pIvÌmÄ, am¶m\w 1992)

\f-N-cnXw 4þmw Znhkw \f-Z-a-b´o kwKaw þ D®mbn hmcyÀ

(“hm-tXmlw irWp-\-f`qX-hrµ km£n ”F¶

tÇmIw DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ `mKw am{Xw)

samUyqÄ 4

\mtSmSn kwkvIm-cs¯ {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡p¶ ]m«p-Ifpw \mtSmSn Km\§fpw ]T-\-hn-

t[-b-am-¡-Ww. Ah-bpsS `mjm-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb {]tXy-I-X-IÄ a\-

Ên-em-¡-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

hS-¡³ ]m«v

D®n-bmÀ¨ Iq¯v ImWm³ t]mb IY

(“B-äp-½-W-½te D®n-bmÀ¨” apXÂ

Imä¯p]ªn-]-d¡pw t]mse

hn«n«p Xs¶bpw t]mIp-¶p-v. þ F¶-Xp-h-sc)

am¸n-f-¸m«v

_Z-dpÂap-\oÀ lpkv\pÂP-amÂ þ tambn³Ip«n sshZyÀ

(“]q-a-I-fms\” apXÂ

“aXn-a-d-¶n³km-se¯pw” Km\w hsc)

ssIs¡m-«n-I-fn-¸m«v

imIp-´fw þ hnZzm³a-¨m-s«-bXv

\memw-JÞw (“I-eymWn If-hmWo sNmÃq þ kn. ]n. IrjvW-s\-f-bXv

40

\obm-sc-¶Xpw” apXÂ “AXp-e-hn-{I-a³ (km-lnXy A¡m-Z-an, XrÈqÀ)

]mWn-{K-lWw sNbvXp. ” hsc)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:

kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS þ FUn. tUm. sI. Fw. tPmÀPv

NBS tIm«bw

]Zy-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ Sn. Fw. Np½mÀ

ssIc-fn-bpsS IY þ F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

tIcf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ DÅqÀ

ae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw \qäm-p-I-fn-eqsS þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ

kvamcI {KÙm-hen

***********************

Code. MA4B06

ska-ÌÀþIVtImgvkv þ6

`mjm-im-kv{Xhpw `mjm-N-cn-{Xhpw


Dt±iy-e-£y-§Ä

B[p-\nI `mjimkv{X kn²m-´-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v kmam\y Úm\w hnZymÀ°n¡v Dm-¡n-

sb-Sp-¡p-I.

B[p-\n-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-¯nsâ kmam\y]cn-I-ev]-\-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I. Ahsb ae-

bm-f-`m-j-bpsS hyXykvX hyh-lm-c-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

`mjbpw kaq-lhpw X½n-epÅ k¦oÀ® _Ô-§sf tIc-fob kµÀ`-¯nÂ hni-I-e\w sN¿m-\pÅ

tijn t\SpI

`mjbpw A[n-Im-c-hpw, enwK-hn-th-N-\w, `mjm-a-t\m-`mhw XpS-§nb am\-§Ä

ae-bmf kµÀ`-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

ae-bm-f-`mj t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-I-sf-¸än Ah-t_m[w P\n-¸n-¡pI

ae-bmf `mj-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§fpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI

samUyqÄ 1: `mjm-im-kv{X-]-T\w: BapJw

1. `mj þ \nÀh-N\w þ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-hy-hØ þ `mjm NnÓw þ kpNIw/kqNnXw

2. `mjm-ssh-hn-[y-§Ä: amXr-`m-j, {]Y-a-`m-j, ZznXo-b-`m-j, HutZym-KnI

`mj, hyh-lmc `mj, hmsam-gn, hc-samgn, am\-I-`m-j, am\-tI-X-c-`m-j,

PohÂ`m-j, arX-`mj

3. `mjm-imkv{X kao-]-\-§Ä : Ncn-{Xm-ßIw, Xmc-X-aym-ßIw, hnh-c-Wm-ß-

Iw, hyXn-tc-Im-ß-Iw, LS-\m-ß-Iw.

4. `mjm-hn-`-P-\-co-Xn-IÄ: B\p-hw-in-Iw, I£ym-]cw

41

5. {]bp-à-`m-jm-imkv{Xw: ZznXob `mjm-t_m-[-\w, \nL-p-\nÀ½m-

Ww, hnhÀ¯-\w, I¼yq-t«-j-WÂ `mjm-im-kv{Xw, {]mKvam-änIvkv

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

B[p-\nI `mjm-imkv{Xw þ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ, im´

AK-Ìn³

`mjm-h-tem-I\w þ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ

`mjm imkv{X-hn-thIw þ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ

`mjm-K-th-jWw þ sI. Ip©p-®n-cmPm

A course in Modern Linguistics - C. F. Hockett

Modern Linguistics - S. K. Verma & Krishnamurti

samUyqÄ 2 : `mjm-L-S\

1. kz\-hn-Úm\w : kz\w/kz\naw/D]-kz\w, hyXn-tcIw/]qc-I-hn-X-cWw; ae-bm-f-

¯nse i_vtZmÂ¸m-Z\w: kzcw, hyRvP-\w, NnÃv þ hn`-P\w, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-

b-¯nse hÀ®-§Ä¡v ]e-am-Xncn {ipXn-t`Zw hcp-¶Xv F¶ `mKw, A£-cw, A£-

c-am-e, (tI-c-f-]m-Wo-\nb NÀ¨-IÄ) hÀ®w þ en]n þ A£cw Ch X½n-epÅ

hyXymkw, hr¯-im-kv{X-¯nse k¦ev]wþ en]n, en]n-hy-h-Ø-bpsS {]tXy-I-

Xbpw {]iv\-§fpw , en]n-]-cn-jv¡-c-W-{i-a-§Ä

2. cq]n-a-hn-Úm-\w, ae-bm-f-¯nse cq]n-a-§Ä, {]IrXn/{]Xy-bw, kzX{´w /_²w

3. hmIy-hn-Nm-cw, ae-bm-f-¯nse hmIy-am-Xr-I-IÄ, cN-\m-´c hymI-cWw ae-

bmf `mj-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡pI

4. AÀ°-hn-Nm-cw, ]cym-bw, \m\mÀ°w, hn]-coXw, BÀ°n-I-t£-{Xw, kmt¦-

XnI ]Z-\nÀ½mWw

5. ]Z-tImiw

samUyqÄ 3

1. kmaq-ln-I-`m-jm-imkv{Xw þ kmam-\ym-htem-I\w

2. `mjbpw A[n-Im-chpw

3. `mjm-kq-{XWw : B[p-\n-Io-I-c-Ww, am\-Io-I-c-Ww, en]n-hÂ¡-cWw (a-e-

bmf kµÀ`-¯nÂ)

4. `mjm-a-t\m-`mhw , `mjm-kw-c-£-Ww, `mjm-]-Z-hn, `c-W-`mj A[y-b-\-

am-[yaw þ {]iv\-§Ä

5 ae-bm-f-`mj t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ, LS-\m-X-e-¯nepw ]Z-X-e-¯n-ep-apÅ

kzm[o-\-§Ä

6. `mjm-t`-Z-hn-Úm-\w, tIc-f-¯nse `mjm-t`-Z-§Ä, s]mXp-a-e-bm-fw, am\-I-

a-e-bmfw XpS-§nb ]cn-I-ev]-\-§Ä

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

kmaq-lnI `mjm-imkv{Xw þ Djm-\-¼q-X-cn-¸mSv

eoem-Xn-eIw kmaq-ln-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-Zr-jvSn-bnÂ þ hn. Fkv. j×pJw

hm¡nsâ hgn-IÄ þ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-¸-Wn-¡À

42

A[n-Im-chpw `mjbpw þ ]n. Fw. Kncojv

`mjm-t`-Z-hn-Úm\w þ ]n. tkma-ti-J-c³ \mbÀ

`mjm-temIw þ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-¸-

Wn-¡À

ae-bm-fn-bpsS ae-bmfw þ Fkv. cmP-ti-J-c³

\½psS `mj þ C. Fw. Fkv.

hwio-b-Xbpw `mjbpw þ sI. sI. _m_p-cmPv (`m-j, kzXzw,

A[n-Imcw ]n. Fw. Knco-jnsâ ]T-\w)

hmIy-L-S\ þ C. hn. F³. \¼q-Xncn

tIc-f-¯nse BNm-c-`mj þ ]n. Fw. Kncojv

Language planning - E. Annamalai

Language Movements in India - E. Annamalai

Sociolinguistics An Introuction - Peter Trudgill

samUyqÄ 4 : ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS Ncn{Xw

1. `mj-bpsS Ncn-{X-]p-\À\nÀ½mWw þ B´-cnI / _mly-]p-\ÀkrjvSn, {]mKv`m-

jm-k-¦Â]w

2. ae-bmf `mjm-cq-]o-I-cW kn²m-´-§Ä :kwkvIr-X-P-\yw, kzX-{´-hm-Zw, D]-

im-Jm-hm-Zw, ]qÀÆ þ Xangv ae-bmf hmZw, `mjm-kw-{I-a-W-hmZw

3. ae-bmf `mj-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä þ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ]oTn-I-bnse

NÀ¨-IÄ, hnaÀi-\m-ßI ]T\w

4. `mj-bpsS hÀ¯-am-\m-hØ

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä þ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ

`mjm-N-cn{Xw þ Fkv. hn. thWp-

tKm-]³ \mbÀ

]qÀÆ-tI-c-f-`mj þ sI . Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ

ae-bm-f-`mjm ]cn-Wmaw: kn²m-´-§-fpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw þ Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-

c³

tIc-f-`m-jm-hn-Úm-\obw þ sI. tKmZ-hÀ½

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw þ F. BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

ssIcfo i_vZm-\p-im-k\w þ sI. kpIp-am-c-¸nÅ

ae-bmf `mjm Ncn{Xw þ C. hn. F³. \¼q-Xncn

ae-bmfw: amähpw hfÀ¨bpw þ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-

cn-bÀ

**********************

Code. MA5B07

ska-ÌÀþ V

43

tImg-kv-þ7ae-bmf hymI-cWw


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

`mjsb hni-I-e\w sNbvXv `mjm-kz-cq]w \nÀ®-bn-¡m-\pÅ {]m]vXn-bp-m-¡p-I.

ae-bmf `mjsb A]-{K-Yn¨v {]tbm-K-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡pI

`mjm þhym-I-cW ]Þn-X-·m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-§sf kzcq-]n-¡pI

At\z-j-W-§-fn-eqsS e`n¨ hkvXp-X-Isf tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-b-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw

sN¿pI.

`mjm {]tbm-K-§-sfbpw \nb-a-§-tfbpw kw_-Ôn¨v kz´-amb A`n-{]mbw cq]-s¸-

Sp-¯pI

samUyqÄ 1 [z\n, hÀ®w

1. A£-cw, ae-bm-f-¯nse A£-c-am-e, A£-c-kwJy kw_-Ôn¨ hnhn[ A`n-{]m-b-

§Ä, A[n-Im£-c-§Ä, kwhr-tXm-Imcw/tI{µ-kzcw/AIm-c-§Ä, -kz\w/kz\n-aw, ]

ZmwKw F¶o ]cn-I-ev]-\-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ ae-bm-f-¯nse A£-c-§sf a\-

Ên-em-¡p-I.

2. kÔn þ ]e-Xcw hn`-P-\-§Ä, kwln-Xbpw kÔn-bpw, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-¯nse

Imcn-I-IÄ, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS kÔn-hn-Nm-cs¯ hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-ambn a\-Ên-

em-¡p-I, eoem-Xn-e-I-¯nse kÔn-k-¦-ev]-§-fp-ambn tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-¯nse

hn[n-IÄ Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

3. KZyw, ]Zyw, ]{X-`mj XpS-§n-b-h-bnse kÔn-Im-cy-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯pI. ae-

bm-f-¯nÂ {]Nm-c-¯n-epÅ kwkvIr-X-k-Ôn-cq-]-§Ä.

4. hÀ®--hn-Im-c-§Ä: ae-bm-f-¯nse hÀ®-hn-Im-c-§-fpw Ahbv¡v tIc-f-]m-Wn\

n \nc-¯p¶ Imc-W-§fpw þ `mjm ]cn-Wm-a-tl-Xp-¡-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-]-

cn-N-bw, i_vZ-X-e-¯nepw AÀ°-X-e-¯nepw kw`-hn-¡p¶ ]cn-Wm-a-§-fpsS

`mjm-_m-ly-amb Imc-W-§sf Ipdn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡pI

5. `mj-bnse NnÓ-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Imcy-§Ä, enJn-X-`m-j-bnÂ NnÓ-§Ä¡pÅ

Øm\w, ]Zw ]ncn-¡m-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ CS (Spacing) bpsS AÀ°-X-e-

§Ä .

samUypÄ 2: i_vZ hn`m-K-§Ä

44

1. ]Z-§fpsS hn`-P\w: [À½w, cq]w, DÂ]¯n Ch-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ ]Z-§sf

A]-{K-Yn-¡p-I. {]Ir-Xn, {]Xy-bw, CS-\ne Ch tNcp-t¼m-gpÅ kÔn-Im-cy-§Ä

a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

2. tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS i_vZhn-`-P\w hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.

C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ KpÀ«v, am¯³, tij-Kn-cn-{]`p FÂ. hn. BÀ, kn. FÂ. Bâ-Wn,

sI. kpIp-am-c-]nÅ F¶n-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-§Ä Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-I.

3. \maw, IrXn, t`ZIw F¶o hI-t`-Z-§fpw Ah-bpsS hn`-P-\-§fpw tIc-f-]m-

Wn-\obw i_vtZmÂ]¯n {]I-c-Ws¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

4. hnhÀ¯\ {]{In-b, AXn-\pÅ D]m-[n-IÄ, aqe-{]-IrXn GIm-£-c-am-bn-cp-s¶¶

k¦-ev]w, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hne-bn-cp-¯Â, `mjm-hn-I-k-\-k-¦-e-]hpw hnhÀ¯\

{]{In-b-bpw, hÀ¯-am-\-Ime `mjm-hn-I-k-\hpw F. Bdnsâ k¦-ev]-§-fpsS

km[p-Xbpw

5. tZymX-I-§Ä þ G Bdnsâ \nK-a-\-§fpw Ah-bpsS hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-]-cn-tim-

[-\bpw. t`ZIw þ ae-bm-f-¯nse t`Z-I-§Ä

samUypÄ 3 : \ma-hn-`m-Kw.

1. \ma-hn-`m-K-§Ä, hn`-P-\-{I-aw, hn`-P-\-¯n-\pÅ ASn-Øm-\w, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\

n-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ

2. enwKw: ae-bm-f-¯nse enwK-K-W-\, {]Xyb-§Ä, kam-k-cq-]-§Ä, \]pw-k-I-

cq-]-krjvSn

3. hN\w: hN-\-\nÀ®-bw, {]Xy-b-§Ä, {]Xy-b-\n-cm-k-¯n-\pÅ kµÀ`-§Ä

4. hn`-ànbpw Imc-Ihpw: hmIy-¯nse ]Z-_-Ôw, hn`-àn \nÀÆ-N-\w, {]Xyb-§Ä,

hn`-àym-`m-kw, Imc-I-_-Ôw, G. Bdn-sâbpw aäp sshbm-I-c-W-·m-cp-

sSbpw aX-§Ä

5. \njv]-¶-\m-a-§Ä: \njv]m-Z-\-{]-Xyb-§Ä, X²n-X-§Ä, cq]-\n-jv]m-Z-\hpw `mj-

bpsS {]tbm-K-£-a-X-bpw.

samUypÄ 4: {Inbm-hn-`mKw

1. {Inb: {Inbm-hn-`-P\w D]m-[n-IÄ, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-¯nse NÀ¨

2. Imew: {]Xy-b-§fpw hnX-c-Whpw, hÀ¯-am-\-Ime {]Xy-bw, \nKoÀ®IÀXr-

Iw, {]Im-cw, {]tbmKw , {]Ir-Xn, \ma-[m-Xp, Jne-[m-Xp, A\p-{]-tbm-Kw, \

ntj[w XpS-§n-bh

3. AwK-{Inb: ]qÀ®-{In-bbpw A]qÀ®-{In-b-bpw, ]äp-hn-\-I-fpsS hn`-P\w,

t]sc-¨-§-fpsS hyt]-£-I-hmIy[À½w, hn\-sb-¨-§-fpsS hn[-§fpw coXn-I-fpw,

{Inbm \njv]¶ \ma-§Ä, Ir¯p-¡Ä, IrXnIr-¯v, Imc-I-Ir¯v XpS-§n-b-h. Ah-bpsS

[À½w, coXn, hn`-P-\w.

samUypÄ 5: hmIy-hn-Nmcw

1. hmIy-\nÀh-N-\-§Ä, ae-bm-f-¯nse hmIy-L-S-\-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, hmIy-hn-

`m-K-§Ä, eLp-hm-Iy-§Ä, k¦oÀ®-hm-Iyw, alm-hmIyw

45

2. BImw£ F¶ k¦-ev]w, ae-bm-f- ¯nse ]Z-{I-aw, hmIymw-i-§Ä X½n-epÅ

s]mcp-¯w, ]pcp-j-t`-Z-\n-cmk NÀ¨

3. kam-k-§fpw Ah-bpsS hmIy-[À½-hpw, ka-kvX-]-Z-§-fpw `mj-bpsS {]tbm-

K-£-aXbpw, Ah-kw-_-Ôn¨ \nb-a-§Ä

4. hymt£-]-I--§-fpsS hmIy-[À½w

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw þ F. BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

kmln-Xy-kmlyw þ F. BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

i_vZ-tim-[n\n þ F. BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

tIc-f-`m-jm-hn-Úm-\nbw þ sI. tKmZ-hÀ½

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob`mjyw þ kn. FÂ. BâWn

`mjm-]-T-\-§Ä þ kn. FÂ. BâWn

ssI-c-foi-_vZm-\p-im-k\w þ sI. kpIp-am-c-]nÅ

kmln-Xy-]-cn-Nbw þ Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v

]qÀÆ-tI-cf `mj þ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ

ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw þ tPmÀÖv am¯³

`mjm-]-cn-Nbw þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

hymI-c-W-]-T-\-§Ä þ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-]-Wn-¡À

( FUn.)

tIc-f-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw þ C. hn. F³. \¼q-Xncn

`mjm-im-kv{X-¯nse tNmwkv¡n-b³ hn¹hw þ sI. F³. B\-µ³

********************

Code. MA5B08

ska-ÌÀþ VtImg-kv-þ8

ae-bmf IhnX þ \thm-°m-\-L«w


Dt±iye£y-§Ä

20-þmw \qäm-nÂ ae-bm-f-¯n-em-cw-`n¨ hnhn[ Imhy-c-N\m kt¦-X-§-tfbpw

Ihn-I-tfbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I.

kmaq-lnI \thm-°m\w Ihn-X-bnÂ {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶-sX-§-s\-sb¶p a\-Ên-em-¡pI

Ihn-X-bnÂ kw`-hn¨ ]cn-Wm-a-§sf Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb

Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ hne-bn-cp-¯p-I.

\thm-°m\ Ihn-X-Isf hÀ¯-am-\-Im-es¯ hyXykvX hmb-\m-co-Xn-I-fn-eqsS A]-{K-

Yn-¡p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS {]k-ànbpw {]m[m-\yhpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

samUyÄ-þ1

46

IhnX Ihn-{X-b-¯n-\p-ap¼v þ sh×Wn {]Øm-\w, ]¨-a-e-bmf {]Øm-\w,

sImSp-§-ÃqÀ If-cn, tIc-f-hÀ½ {]Øm-\w, aWn-{]-hmf ]mc-¼cyw BJym-\-I-hn-

X-bnÂ, kmwkvIrX \mS-I-XÀÖ-a-IÄ, alm-Im-hyw, {]mk-hm-Zw, {]mk-hm-Z-

¯nsâ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yw.

tIc-fob \thm-°m-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-]-Ým-¯ew þ Cw¥ojv hnZym-`ymkw , A¨-Sn, ]

{X-{]-hÀ¯\w Ch þ tIc-fob \thm-°m\w ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb F§s\ kzm[o-\n-¨p. þ

tZiob t_m[hpw kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-jvI-c-tWm-Zy-a-§fpw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ sNep-

¯nb kzm[o-\w.

B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-bw þ {]ta-b-§-fpsS ]pXp-a, Bhn-jvIm-c-¯nse \ho\ {]h-W-X-IÄ,

ae-bmf Imev]-\nI Ihn-X, hnem-]-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\w, `mh-Ko-X-§Ä, IYm-Im-hy-

§Ä, `mh-\m-ß-I-X, hnIm-c-]-c-X, hyàn-]-c-X, BZÀim-ß-I-X, kzIo-b-tem-I-kr-

jvSn, kz]v\m-S-\-Iu-Xp-Iw, Krlm-Xp-c-Xzw, KX-Im-e-`-àn, {]Ir-Xym-`n-ap-

Jyw, ]pXp-a-tbm-SpÅ Bk-àn, kzmX-{ý-hm-RvO, CS-¸-Ånbpw N§-¼p-gbpw

þ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

eoe þ Ipam-c-\m-i³

AÑ\pw aIfpw þ hÅ-t¯mÄ

t{]a-kw-KoXw þ DÅqÀ

aWn-\mZw þ CS-¸Ån

bh-\nI þ N§-¼pg

samUypÄ þ 2

IhnX Ihn-{X-b-¯n\pw CS-¸Ån {]Øm-\-¯n\pw tijw, Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS Imń þ ]

pXp-tem-I-¯nsâ {]h-W-X-IÄ, hntZim-[n-]-Xy-t¯m-SpÅ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ, tZio-b-X,

kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-²X

Ipän-¸p-d¯p tIi-h³ \mbÀ, sh®n-¡p-fw, Fw. ]n. A¸³, _mem-a-Wn-b-½, Pn. i¦-c-

¡p-dp-¸v, ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ XpS-§nb Ihn-I-fnÂ \mep-t]-cpsS Hmtcm Ihn-

X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

{Kmao-W-I-\yI þ Ipän-¸p-d-¯p-tI-i-h³ \mbÀ

kqcy-Imń þ Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v

If-¦-a-ässI þ _mem-a-Wn-b½

\c-_en þ ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³\m-bÀ

samUypÄ 3

tZiob {]Øm-\hpw aäp kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob kw`-h-§fpw Ihn-X-bnÂ sNep-¯nb

kzm[o\w, t_mt[-iz-c³, ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³, Sn. Fkv. Xncp-ap-¼v, Xncp-\-

ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³ XpS-§nb Ihn-I-fnÂ \mep-t]-cpsS Hmtcm Ihn-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

kln-¡-tbm-Zmkyw þ t_mt[-iz-c³

47

hnj-¸-£n-tbmSv þ ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³

Ime-hÀjw þ Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³

Fsâ bphXzw þ Sn. Fkv. Xncp-ap-¼v.

samUypÄ þ 4

Imev]-\n-Im-\´c Ihn-IÄ þ Imev]-\n-I-Xbpw AXnsâ {]Xn-tcm-[-hpw, ]ptcm-K-

a\ kmln-Xyw, ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS ]pXp-¸n-d-hn, ]mem \mcm-b-W³ \mbÀ, ]n.

`mkv¡-c³, hb-emÀ, H. F³. hn, Hf-¸-a-®, A¡n-¯w, t{]wPn XpS-§nb Ihn-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸mgpw þ ]n. `mkv¡-c³

l\p-aÂtkh Xp©³ ]d-¼nÂ þ CStÈcn

bpK-]-cn-hÀ¯\w þ sshtem-¸nÅn

B{^n¡ þ F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ

****************

Code. MA5B09


kmlnXy kn²m-´-§Ä ]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-¡qÀ

s{I-Unäv : 4Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

kmln-Xys¯ Hcp kmÀÆ-eu-InI {]Xn-`m-k-ambn Iv hyXykvX {]tZ-i-§-fnepw

Ime-§-fnepw Dm-bn-«pÅ hnaÀi\ kn²m-´§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hmb-\-bp-

sSbpw hnaÀi-\-¯n-sâbpw kn²n-IÄ hn]p-e-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

samUyqÄ þ1

Ihn, IhnX F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn¨ `mc-Xob \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ. ckw, [z\n, coXn, KpWw,

Ae-¦m-cw, HuNn-Xyw, ht{Imàn F¶o kmlnXy kn²m-´-§Ä þ Chsb kmam-\y-

ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-SpI. hni-Z-amb ]T\w Bh-iy-an-Ã.

hni-Z-]T-\-¯n\v:

1. kmlnXy \nÀÆ-N\w þ Nm¯-\¯v ANyp-X-\p®n þ Imhy-Nn´

2. `mjm-`q-j-W-¯nse Xmsg-]-d-bp¶ `mK-§Ä:þ

KpW-{]-I-c-Ww, i_vZmÀ°-{]-I-c-Ww, [z\n {]I-c-Ww, ck-{]-I-cWw (D-]-hn-`m-

K-§Ä th. \nÀÆ-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw am{Xw aXn.)

samUyqÄ þ2

hy¯hpw Ae-¦m-chpw: `mjm-`q-j-W-¯nse Ae-¦mc \nÀÆ-N-\hpw hn`-P-\-hpw,

`mjm-`q-j-W-¯nse Ae-¦m-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-[m-cW thWw. hni-Z-

amb ]T-\-¯n\v Xmsg-¸-d-bp-¶h am{Xw aXn.

48

kmtaymàn hn`mKw þ D]-a, Zo]-Iw, cq]-Iw, DÂt{]-£, {]Xn-h-kvXp-]-a,

ZrjvSm-´w, A{]-kvXpX {]iwk (A-e-¦m-c-§-fpsS kmay hyXym-k-§Ä A]-{K-

Yn¨v Imhy-`m-j-bpsS cq]o-I-c-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨ `mc-Xo-b-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ

\nco-£n¨-dn-bWw)

AXn-i-tbmàn hn`mKw:þ cq]m-Im-Xn-i-tbm-àn, DtÃ-Jw, hntcm-[m-`mkw

hmkvX-thmàn hn`mKw:þ kz`m-thm-àn, AÀ°m-]-¯n, Imhy-enw-Kw, AÀ°m-´-

c-\ymkw

tÇtjmàn hn`mKw :þ tÇ-jw, kam-tkmàn

i_vZm-e-¦m-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam\y [mcW thWw. Imhy-¯nsâ `mh-cq] inev]-

§sf cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-XnÂ i_vZm-e-¦m-c-§Ä¡pÅ ]¦v ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡-

Ww. hni-Z-amb ]T-\-¯n\v ba-Iw, ZznXo-b-£-c-{]mkw F¶nh am{Xw aXn.

hr¯w:þ hy¯hpw Ihn-Xbpw, {][m-\-s¸« kwkvIrX hr¯-§fpw `mjm-hy-¯-§fpw

am{Xw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¨mÂ aXn. hr¯-a-RvP-cn-bnse hr¯-§sf kmam-\y-

ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡-Ww.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-¯n\v kwkvIrX hr¯-§-fnÂ A\p-jvSp-¸v, C{µ-h-{P, ctYm-²-X,

{ZpX-hn-fw-_n-Xw, hk-´-Xn-e-Iw, imÀZq-e-hn-{Io-Un-Xw, {kKv²-c,

IpkpaaRvP-cn, hntbm-Kn-\n, ]pjv]]nXm{K F¶nh am{Xw aXn. `mjm hr¯-§-

fnÂ Infn-¸m«p hr¯-§Ä, XpÅÂ¸m-«p-hr-¯-§Ä, KmY, kÀ¸n-Wn, \tXm-¶X F¶nh

am{Xw aXn

{ZmhnU kuµcy imkv{Xw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

XnW k¦ev]w (C-´y³ kmln-Xy-kn-²m´w þ {]k-ànbpw km[y-Xbpw ) þ sI. A¿-¸-

Wn-¡À

samUyqÄ 3

]mÝmXy kmlnXy kn²m-´-§Ä B[p-\nI Ime-L-«w-h-sc. t¹täm, Acn-tÌm-«nÂ XpS-

§nbhcpsS kn²m-´-§Ä. t¹täm-bpsS A\p-I-c-W-hm-Zw, Imhy {]tNm-Z-\s¯

kw_-Ôn¨ A`n-{]mbw, Iem-Im-c-·msc Ipdn¨v t¹täm, t¹mtäm-bpsS Ncn-{X-

{]m-[m\yw

Acn-tÌm-«nÂ :þA-\p-I-c-W-hm-Zw, {SmP-UnbpsS \nÀÆ-N-\w, Bdp-L-S-I-§Ä,

CXn-hr-¯-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ A`n-{]m-b-§Ä, hyXykvX kmlnXy cq]-§Ä, tIma-Unbpw

F¸n¡pw {SmP-Un-bpw. IYmÀknkv

sdmamânIv bpKw-þ thÀUvkvhÀ¯v, endn-¡Â _me-Uvknsâ Bap-J-¯nsâ {]m[m\

yw. thÀUvkv hÀ¯nsâ Imhy-\nÀÆ-N-\w, `mh-\bv¡v sImSp¯ {]m[m-\yw, Imhy-

`m-j-sb-¡p-dn¨v thÀUvkv hÀ¯v þ tImÄdnUvPv Ihn {]Xn-`-sb-¡p-dn¨v þ Cam-

Pn-t\-j\pw ^mâ-kn-bpw.

Imhy-`m-h-\-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ tImÄdn-UvPnsâ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ.

klm-bI-{K-Ù-§Ä

]mÝm-Xy-km-lnXy XXz-imkv{Xw þ sI. Fw. Xc-I³

49

]mÝmXy kmlnXy ZÀi\w þ Fw. ANyp-X³

\h-c-X-cwKw þ Fw. eoem-hXn

samUypÄ þ4

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. ssieo-\njvT \ncq-]Ww þ tUm. hn. BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ,

(k-a-Ime \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ hyXy-kvX-ap-J-§Ä) þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³\m-bÀ kvamcI

{KÙm-hen

2. LS-\m-hm-Zhpw NnÓ-im-kv{Xhpw þ tUm. kn. cmtP-{µ³

3. amÀIvknÌv \ncq-]Ww þ ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ

(k-a-Ime \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ hyXy-kvX-ap-J-§Ä)

4. A]-\nÀ½mWw þ X¯zhpw {]tbm-Khpw þ hn. kn. {ioP³

(B-[p-\n-Im\ć kmlnXy kao-]-\-§Ä)

5. sân-\nÌv kmlnXy hnaÀi\w þ F³. sI. cho-{µ³

(B-[p-\n-Im\ć kmlnXy kao-]-\-§Ä)

*********************

Code. MA5B10


KZy-km-lnXyw


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

GI-tZiw Bbncw hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v Bcw-`n¨v H«-[nIw ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§-fn-eqsS cq]w

{]m]n¨ ae-bmf KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ Imen-I-amb hnImk {]{In-b-Isf Ipdn¨v

hnZymÀ°n-Isf t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯n-sIm-Sp-¡p-I.

KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ kmam\y hnh-c-Whpw {]mNo\ a²y-Ime B[p-\nI KZy-cq-]-

§-fpsS amXr-Ibpw kqNn-¸n-¨p-sImv hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v ae-bmf KZy-km-ln-Xys¯

Ipdn¨v kmam\y ]cn-Úm\w t\Sm³ klm-bn-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

a. KZyw - þK-Zy-km-lnXyw þ KZy-¯n-sâbpw KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw

Ncn{Xw þ ae-bmf KZy-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Ah-tem-I\w

imk-\-Im-ewþ imk-\-§-fpsS cq]-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, en]n-hn-\ym-kw,

`mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, imk-\-`mj ka-Im-eo\ `mjsb F{X-am{Xw {]Xn-^-

en-¸n-¡p-¶p, sImÃ-hÀjm-cw-`-¯nse `mj imk-\-§sf Bkv]-Z-am¡n a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

hm¡p-IÄ, ssien-IÄ, kÔn, hÀ®-]-cn-Wmaw F¶o `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-IÄ¡v

Du¶Â \ÂI-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. hmg-¸nÅn imk\w \¼À þ 1 D²-cWw þ tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä

50

2. `mjm IuS-eobw \¼À þ 1 D²- cWw þ tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-

Wm-a-§Ä

b. a²y-Ime KZyw þaWn-{]-hm-fhpw KZy-km-ln-Xyhpw. a²y-Im-es¯ KZy-

cq-]-§Ä, Iq¯pw IqSn-bm-«hpw KZy-¯nsâ hnIm-k-¯nÂ sNep-¯nb kzm[o-\w. B«

{]Im-c-§fpw {Ia-Zo-]n-I-I-fpw, \¼ymÀ Xangv þ `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-IÄ þ

a[y-Ime KZy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v eoem-Xn-eIw \ÂIp¶ kqN-\-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Aw_-co-tjm-]m-Jym\w: þ tUm. ]n. sI. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ

“{io]p-cp-tjm-¯-a³.---þþ-þþPz-en-¡nânXp” D²-cWw : {]mNo\ ae-bm-f-K-

Zy-am-Xr-I-IÄ

iqÀ¸-W-Jm¦w \¼À 1 þ D²-cWw: tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-

§Ä

samUypÄ 2

sshtZ-inI kzm[o\w þ anj-W-dn-am-cpsS BK-a-\w, ae-bmf `mj-bv¡p-mb hfÀ¨,

DZbw t]cqÀ kp\-l-tZm-knsâ Imew, A¨-Sn, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w, kwt£-]-th-ZmÀ

°w, ]ptÃen¡p©p XpS-§nb IrXn-IÄ. ]mtd-am-¡Â tXmam I¯-\mÀ, tPmÀÖv

am¯³, KpÀ«v, BÀ¨v Uo¡³ tImin XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ. ]{X-am-kn-I-

IÄ, B[p-\nI KZy-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\w, ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§Ä þ tIc-f-hÀ½ hen-b-tIm-

bn-¯-¼p-cm³, F. BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½, A¸³ X¼p-cm³, kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-

jvW-¸nÅ XpS-§nb BZy-Ime KZy-Im-c-·mÀ, KZy-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ hn`n¶ imJ-IÄ,

kÀ¤m-ß-Ihpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hp-am-b `mj, D]-\ym-kw, IY, t\mhÂ XpS-§n-b-h-

bpsS DÛ-hw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

hÀ¯-am-\-¸p-kvXIw (B-Zy-]m-Zw) þ ]mtd-am-¡Â tXmam-¡-¯-\mÀ

Fsâ arK-bm-kva-c-W-IÄ -þ tIc-f-hÀ½-h-en-b-tIm-bn-¯-

¼p-cm³

\ms«-gp-¯-È³amÀ þ tIkcn th§-bnÂ Ipªn-cm-a³

\mb-\mÀ

`mh-\m-iàn þ aqÀt¡m-¯p-Ip-am-c³

samUypÄ 3

ka-Im-eo\ KZyw þ B[p-\nI KZy-¯nsâ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä, KZy-c-N-\-bnse ]

pXnb kao-]-\-§Ä . ka-Im-eo\ KZy-`mj þ ]pXnb hm¡p-Ifpw `mjm-L-S-\bpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. B\bpw AÂ]w sXep¦pw þ F. ]n. DZ-b-`m\p (D-Z-b-`m-\p-hnsâ sXc-

sª-Sp¯

51

D]-\ym-k-§Ä, Un. kn. _pIvkv)

2. \mS-Im-`n-\bw Nne Nn´-Ifpw þ ssI\n-¡c Ipam-c-]nÅ (ssI-\n-¡cbpsS

{]_-Ô-§Ä,

kvac-W-Ifpw enänÂ {]n³kv {]-kn-²o-I-c-Ww)

3. Nn´n-t¸mb HtcSv þ Fw. BÀ. _n. (ap-J-Ñm-b-IÄ)

4. A¶-hn-Nmcw þ Ipªp®n (Ip-ªp®n amjpw Ipt«ym-

fpw)

samUypÄ þ 4

Poh-N-cn-{Xw, Bß-I-Y, kvac-W-IÄ, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-§Ä F¶o kmlnXy imJ-I-

fnÂ ae-bm-f-`m-j-¡p-mb hfÀ¨.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

{_mÒ-Wy-¯n-\p-t\sc (B-ß-I-Y) þ C. Fw. Fkv. (Nn´m ]»n-tjgvkv)

taa\ (a-\-km-kva-cm-an) þ s{]m^. Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀ

HmÀa-bnÂ `oXn-Z-amb Hcp bm{X þ Fw. ]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀ,

amXr-`qan _pIvkv

(ssl-a-h-X-`q-hnÂ)

alm-Ihn (Nn-Zw-_-c-kva-c-W) þ _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä þ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³ ]nÅ

tIcf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ DÅqÀ

ssIc-fn-bpsS IY þ F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

KZyw ]n¶n« hgn-IÄ þ Fkv. Kp]vX³\m-bÀ

{]mNo\ ae-bmfw þ ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³

{]mNo-\-a-e-bmf KZy-am-Xr-I-IÄ þ tUm. ]n.sI \mcm-b-W-]nÅ

sXcsª-Sp¯ {]_-Ô-§Ä þ tUm. sI. F³. Fgp-¯Ñ³

ae-bm-f-ssien þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw þ ]n. sP. tXmaÊv

a[y-Im-e-a-e-bmfw þ tUm. ]n. hn. them-bp-[³]nÅ

amkn-Im-]-T-\-§Ä þ Pn. {]nb-ZÀi³

kmln-Xy-kmlyw þ F. BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

*****************

Code. MA6B11ska-ÌÀþ VItImg-kv-þ1

\mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\obw


52

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

\mtSm-Sn-kw-km-Im-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Úm\w k¼m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS kzXz-s¯-

¡p-dn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-¡pI.

\mtSmSn hnÚm-\obw F¶ hnÚm-\-im-Jsb AXn-ep-m-bn-«pÅ ]pXnb Nn´-I-fpsS

shfn-¨-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

tIcf kwkvImc ]T-\-¯n\v A\p-_-Ô-amb [mc-W-IÄ cq]o-I-cn-¡p-I.

t^mIvtemdnsâ FÃm taJ-e-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw ka-{K-amb [mcW cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

tIc-fob kaq-l-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨-bpw hnIm-khpw cq]-s¸-Sepw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-XnÂ \

mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\ob Nn´-Isf {]tbm-P-\s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ {]m]vXn-t\-Sp-I.

t^mIvtemÀ tiJ-c-W-¯n-\pÅ imkv{Xo-b-amb {]tbmK sshZKv[yw t\Sp-I.

tiJ-cn¨ t^mIvtemdp-Isf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n ]T-\-§Ä X¿m-dm-¡p-hm³ {]m]vXn

t\Sp-I.

PmXn-þ-aX \nc-t]-£-amb tIc-fob s]mXp-Po-hnX kwkvIm-cs¯ DÄs¡m-ÅpI

\mtSmSn hnÚm-\o-b-¯nsâ ]cn-t{]-£y-¯nÂ Zen-Xv, ]cn-Øn-Xn, kv{XohmZ

Nn´-Isf

cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

ae-bmf `mj-bp-tSbpw kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw A´Êv DbÀ¯p-¶-Xn\pw kzXzm-`n-

am\w hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {ian-¡p-I.

\mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\o-b-¯nÂ D¶-X-]-T-\-¯n\pw Kth-j-W-¯n\pw th ASn-Øm\w

cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

samUypÄ 1.: \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\obw (Folkloristics)

1. \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\obw F¶ hnÚm-\-imJ cq]-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cyhpw

Ncn-{Xhpw

2. \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\o-b-¯nsâ e£yhpw hym]vXnbpw ]T-\-co-Xnbpw

3. ^oÂUv kb³kv (Field Science) F¶ \ne-bnÂ \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\o-b-¯nsâ

{]m[m\yw.

{]km-c-I³, Bth-Z-I³, aÞ-ehr-¯n, (Field work) A`n-ap-Jw, tNmZym-h-en

X¿m-dm-¡Â

4. ]pXnb {]h-W-X-IÄþt^mIvtemdn-kw, {]bpà t^mIvtemÀ, \mK-

cnIt^mIvtemÀ

5. \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\o-b-¯nsâ ka-Ime ]cn-kcw þP\-{]n-b-I-e-IÄ, am[y-a-

§Ä, ]c-ky-§Ä, kvt]mÀSvkv F¶n-hsb Ipdn-¨pÅ \mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\-]-c-amb

hymJym-\-§Ä

6. t^mIvtemÀ hÀ¤o-I-cWw þ kmÀh-eu-InI hÀ¤o-I-c-W-¯nsâ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ

7. ae-bm-f-¯nse t^mIvtemÀ ]T-\-§fpw tIc-f-¯nse t^mIvtemÀ {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw

8. t^mIvtemÀ kwc-£-Whpw t^mIvtemÀ ayqkn-bhpw

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp¯n apI-fnÂ sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ ]mTy-`m-K-§-

sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-amb [mcW t\tS--Xm-Wv.

53

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

t^mIvtemÀ ]T\w: C¶se C¶v þ tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mS,v F^v. F^v. Fw.

(t^mIvtemÀ kt¦-X-§fpw k¦-ev]-\-§-fpw) ]»n-t¡-j³kv ]¿-¶qÀ, 1999

t^mIvtemÀ ]T-\-¯nsâ cmjv{Sobwþ F¨v. sI. kt´mjv

(t^mIvtemÀ hgnbpw s]mcp-fpw.)

samUypÄ þ2: hmsam-gn-h-g¡w

1. \mS³]m-«p-IÄ

a. \mtSmSn CXn-lm-k-§Ä

b \mtSmSn IYm-Km-\-§Ä

c sXmgnÂ ]m«p-IÄ

d Ip«n-I-fpsS ]m«p-IÄ

e hnt\m-Z-Km-\-§Ä

f A\p-jvTm\ Km\-§Ä

2. \mtSmSn KZy-I-Ym-Jym-\-§Ä

a \mtSm-Sn-¡-Y-IÄ

b ]pcm-hr-¯-§Ä

c sFXn-ly-§Ä

d ]g-s©m-Ãp-IÄ

e ISw-I-Y-IÄ

f \mtSm-Sn-`m-jWw

Hmtcm hn`m-K-¯n\pw DZm-l-c-W-§Ä tIc-f-¯nse hmsam-gnhg¡ t^mIvtemdp-I-

fnÂ \n¶pw Is-t¯--Xm-Wv. klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä {]tbm-P-\s¸-Sp¯n Hmtcm C\-¯n-epw-

s]« t^mIvtemdp-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-[m-cW t\tS--Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Btcm-ap-®n-bpsS A¦-¸p-d-¸mSv þ tUm. Fw. BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cyÀ,

(tI-c-f- t^mIvtemÀ) þ FUn-. tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]»n-t¡-j³kv ]¿-¶qÀ,

1997

hb-\m-«p-Ip-e-h³ (tI-c-f- t^mIvtemÀ) þ Fw. F. dlv-am³

FUn-. tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]»n-t¡-j³kv, ]¿-¶qÀ,

1997.

samUyqÄ 3: \mtSm-Sn-cw-K-I-e-IÄ

1. \mtSm-Sn-\r¯w þ A\p-jvTm-\-]-chpw hnt\m-Z-]-c-hp-amb \r¯-§Ä, kwL-\r-¯-

§Ä

2. \mtSmSn-\m-SIw þ A\p-jvTm-\-]-chpw hnt\m-Z-]-c-hp-amb \r¯-§Ä, kwL-\r-

¯-§Ä

54

3. \mtSmSn kwKoXw þ klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä {]tbm-P-\s¸-Sp¯n tIc-f-¯nse

\mtSm-Sn-cw-K-I-e-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-[m-cW t\tS--Xm-Wv.

tIc¯nse \mtSmSn \r¯-§-fmb sX¿w, ]qX\pw Xnd-bpw, tIma-cw, kÀ¸wXpÅÂ,

Ifw-]m-«v, Imf-I-fn, BZn-hm-kn-\r-¯w, Xncp-hm-Xnc Ifn, H¸-\, amÀKw-I-fn

F¶n-hsb Ipdn¨pw \mtSmSn \mS-I-§-fmb apSn-tb-äv, Im¡-cÈn \mS-Iw,

IWymÀI-fn, ]qdm-«v, Nm¯n-cm¦w F¶n-hsb Ipdn¨pw kmam-\y-amb [mcW

t\tS--Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

\mtSmSnkwKoXw (tI-c-f-¯nse \mS³I-e-IÄ) þ tUm. F. sI. \¼ymÀ

F³. _n. Fkv, tIm«bw 1989

the-h-chv (tKm-{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-IÄ) þ tUm. kn. BÀ. cmP-

tKm-]me³

\m«-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-{µw, IWn-

aw-Kew

samUyqÄ 4 : \mtSmSn `uXn-I-kw-kvIm-cw, kmaq-lym-Nm-c-§fpw \

m«-dn-hp-I-fpw.

1. \mtSmSnssIth-e-IÄ þ a¬]m-{Xw, ssI¯dn

2. \mtSmSn kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy þ ImÀjn-tIm-]-I-c-W-§Ä, Du¯m-e-IÄ

3. \mtSmSn hmkvXp-hnZy þ tIc-fob Krl-\nÀ½mWw

4. \mtSm-Sn-sshZyw þ A½q½ sshZyw Huj-[-k-ky-§Ä

5. \m«p-`-£Ww þ `£-W-ssh-hn-[y-§Ä, ]mN-I-hnZy

6. \m«m-Nm-c-§Ä þ hnhm-lm-Nm-c-§Ä, ac-Wm\-´c BNm-c-§Ä

7. \mtSmSn hmZy-§Ä þ ]pÅph hoW, ]pÅp-h-¡p-Sw, \´pWn, ]d

8. \m«-dn-hp-IÄ þ Irjn, aÕy-_-Ô-\w, kky-k-¼¯v

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp¯n FÃm-hn-`m-K-§sf Ipdn¨pw kmam-\y-

amb [mcW t\tS--Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

tKm{X-hÀ¤ kky-hn-Úm\w (k-ky-§-fpsS þ tUm. C. D®n-Ir-jvW³

\m«-dnhv) Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm«bw

2004

Du¯me þ hn. F¨v ZncmÀ, kwkvIrXn,

I®qÀ

Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw, 2009

{]hÀ¯-\-§Ä

55

1. Hmtcm samUyq--fnÂ \n¶pw Hcp skan-\mÀ F¦nepw X¿m-dm¡n Ah-X-cn-

¸n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

2. Hmtcm hnZymÀ°nbpw Hcp t^mIvtemÀ C\-sa-¦nepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn

tiJ-cn¨v {]_-Ô-cq-]-¯nÂ Ah-X-cn-¸n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

3. t^mIvtemÀ ayqknbw Hcp-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbv Hmtcm hnZymÀ°nbpw ]cn-{i-

an-t¡--Xm-Wv.

4. GsX-¦nepw Hcp t^mIvtemdnsâ Ah-X-c-W-k-µÀ`-¯nÂ sN¶v t\cn-«pÅ \nco-

£W ]cn-Nbw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ t\tS--Xm-Wv.

5. arXhpw AÚm-X-hp-amb t^mIvtemdp-IÄ kam-l-cn-¡p-hm\pw kwc-£n-¡p-

hm\pw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw Xmev]-cyhpw ]peÀt¯--Xm-Wv.

6. t^mIvtemÀ Ah-X-c-W-§fpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw kwL-Sn-¸n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

7. HmUntbm hnjzÂ km[y-X-IÄ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-t¯--Xm-Wv.

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

t^mIvtemÀ þ tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mSv

tIcf `mjmC³Ìn-äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\-

´-]p-cw, 1992

t^mIvtemÀ ]T\wþ kn²m-´-X-ew þ F³. `à-h-Õe sdÍn

\mtSmSn hnÚm-\obw þ tUm. Fw. hn. hnjvWp-\-¼q-

Xncn

Un. kn. _pIvkv tIm«bw

t^mIvtemÀ kmt¦-X-§fpw ]cn-I-ev]-\-Ifpw þ tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]»n-t¡-j³kv, ]¿-¶qÀ

t^mIvtemÀ \nLp þ tUm. Fw. hn. hnjvWp-\-¼q-Xncn

Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm«bw

tIcf t^mIvtemÀ þ FUn-. tUm. cmL-h³ ]¿-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]»n-t¡-j³kv, ]¿-¶qÀ

t{Km{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-IÄ þ tUm. kn. BÀ cmP-tKm-]m-e³

\m«-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI{µw , IWn-aw-

Kew

t^mIv temÀ kn²m-´-§Ä þ tUm. kn. BÀ. cmP-tKm-]m-e³

tIcf `mjmC³Ìn-äyq«v, Xncp-h-\-

´-]p-cw, 2007

tI-c-f-¯nse \mS³ Ie-IÄ þ tUm. F. sI. \¼ymÀ, F³. _n. Fkv.

tUm. kn. BÀ cmP-tKm-]m-e³ FUnäv sNbvXv Un. kn. _pIvkv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨

Xmsg ]d-bp¶ ]pkvX-I-§Ä.

1) \mtSmSn ssIthe 2) Irjn-bpsS \m«-dn-hp-IÄ

3) kky-§-fpsS \m«-dnhv 4) \m«p-`-£Ww

*******************

56

Code. MA6B12

ska-ÌÀþ VItImg-kv-þ12

ae-bmfIhnX þ D¯-c-L«w


s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

ka-Im-eo\ ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pI

\thm-°m-\-¯n-\p-tijw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ {]Xy-£-s¸« ]pXnb {]h-W-X-I-sf-Ip-

dn¨p ]Tn-¡p-I. Ihn-{X-b-¯n\pw sshtem-¸n-Ån, CS-tÈcn, ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ,

i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v XpS§nbhÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ Ihn-Xm-[m-c-IÄ¡pw tijw ae-bmf IhnX

k©-cn¨ hgn-IÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-bpsS cq]-]chpw `mh-]-c-hp-

amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

\thm-°m-\-¯n-\p-tijw Imev]-\n-I-amb `mhp-I-Xz-t¯mSv tNÀ¶p-\nÂ¡p¶ Ihn-X-

IÄ þ ¢mknIv B`n-apJyw þ ]mc-¼-cy-O-µ-Êp-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw þ B[p-\n-I-X-

bn-te¡v Xpd-¶n-Sp¶ amÀ¤-§Ä þ H. F³. hn. Ipdp-¸v, kpK-X-Ip-amcn, hnjvWp-\

m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-Xn-cn, BÀ. cma-N-{µ³, Fw. F³. ]meqÀ, Pn. Ipam-]nÅ, apÃ-t\

gn XpS-§nb Ihn--I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

tNmdqWv þ H. F³. hn. Ipdp¸v

IrjvWm, \osbs¶ Adn-bnÃ þ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

DÖ-bn-\nbnse cm¸-I-ep-IÄ þ hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W³ \¼q-Xncn

H¶p-anÃ þ BÀ. cma-N-{µ³

samUyqÄ 2

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS BZy-L«w þ cq]-]-c-amb B[p-\n-IX þ Cd-

¡p-aXn sN¿-s¸« B[p-\n-IX F¶ hnaÀi\w t\cn-tS-n-h¶ kml-Ncyw þ ]mÝmXy

B[p-\n-I-X-bp-am-bpÅ kmay-hy-Xym-k-§Ä, Imev]-\n-I-X-tbm-SpÅ Ielw F¶

\ne-bnÂ B[p-\n-I-X, F³. F³. I¡m-Sv, F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ, A¡n-¯w, A¿-¸-

¸Wn-¡À XpS-§nb Ihn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

]mÀ¡nÂ þ F³. F³. I¡mSv]s¯ taim´n þ A¡n¯waZn-cm-in-bnÂ Hcp kmbmÓw þ F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀarXyp-]qP þ A¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡À

samUyqÄ 3

57

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse D¯-c-L«w þ cq]-]-c-amb B[p-\n-I-Xbv¡v tijw cq]-

s¸« cmjv{Sob B[p-\n-I-X, B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Nph¶ hmÂ F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸«

cmjv{Sob AhØ þ CS-Xp-]£ Xo{hhmZw kmln-Xy-¯nsâ `mhp-I-Xzs¯ F§s\

kzm[o-\n¨p F¶ ]T\w. IS-½\n-«, sI. Pn. i¦-c-¸n-Å, k¨n-Zm-\-µ³, BäqÀ XpS-§n-

b-h-cpsS Ihn-X-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

Ipd¯n þ IS-½-\n«

kw{I-aWw þ BäqÀ chn-hÀ½

_wKmÄ þ sI. Pn. i¦-c-¸nÅ

]\n þ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³

samUyqÄ 4

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse B[p-\n-I-L-«-¯nÂ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw cq]-]-chpw cmjv{So-b-hp-

amb B[p\nIX-bpsS hgn-I-fnÂ \n¶v amdn k©-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX Fgp-¯p-Im-

cpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS ]T-\w. F. A¿-¸³, Un. hn\-b-N-{µ³, _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡m-Sv,

tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW³, Ipco-¸pg {ioIp-amÀ XpS-§nb Ihn--I-fpsS Ihn-X-I-

fpsS ]T-\w.

_p²\pw B«n³Ip-«nbpw þ F. A¿-¸³

Imbn-¡-c-bnse ISÂ þ Un. hn\-b-N-{µ³

FhnsS tPm¬ þ _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv

NmÀhm-I³ þ Iqco-¸pg {ioIp-amÀ

samUyqÄ 5

ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-bnse hnhn[ {]h-W-X-IÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. ]cn-ØnXn þ kv{Xo

þ ZenXv {]Xn-\n-[m-\-§Ä Ihn-X-bnÂ F§s\ {]I-S-am-Ip¶p F¶ ]T-\w. ]pXnb Ihn-

X-bpsS cq]-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ. ]n. ]n. cma-N-{µ³, d^oIv Al-½-Zv,

cmhq®n, sI. hn. t__n, ]n. cma³, sI. BÀ tSmWn, Fkv. tPmk^v, taml\IrjvW³

Ime-Sn, hn. Fw. KncnP, A\nX X¼n, kmhn{Xn cmPo-h³, at\mPv IpdqÀ, A³hÀ

Aen, hn. Pn. X¼n, AarX, hocm³Ip«n XpS-§nb Ihn-I-fpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-

X-IÄ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

efnXw þ ]n. ]n. cma-N-{µ³

inh-KwK þ AarX

ag-s¸m-«³ þ taml-\-Ir-jvW³ ImeSn

]qh-c-insâ tNm«nÂ þ Fkv. tPmk^v

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

B[p-\nI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ FUn. sI. Fw. tPmÀÖv

{]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS

58

ae-bmf IhnXm kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

B[p-\n-IX ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ þ tUm. F³. AP-b-Ip-amÀ

B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS cmjv{Sob kuµcyw þ tUm. ]n. tkma³

F´mWv B[p-\n-IX þ Fw . apIp-µ³

Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw þ F³. F³. I¡mSv

B[p-\n-Im-\ć kmln-Xy-k-ao-]-\-§Ä þ FUn. kn. sP. tPmÀÖv

D¯-cm-[p-\n-IX: hÀ¯-am-\hpw hwim-h-enbpw þ sI. ]n. A-¸³

Ihn-Xm-cXn þ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

hÀW-cmPn þ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

***************

Code. MA6B13

ska-ÌÀþ VItImg-kv-þ13

ae-bmf kmlnXy hnaÀi\w


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

ae-bmf hnaÀi\ kmln-Xys¯ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I. Ime-L-«-§fneqsS-

bpÅ hfÀ¨ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. hnhn[ hnaÀi\ ]²-Xn-IÄ F§s\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nÂ

{]tbm-Kn-¨p-sh¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

Ah-Xm-cnI (a-e-bmf \ncq-]Ww C¶-se) þ Fkv Kp]vX³\mbÀ

{]mk-hmZw (km-lnXy ka-c-§Ä) þ sI. `mkv¡c ]nÅ, NBS tIm«bw

abq-c-k-tµiw (a-e-bmf \ncq-]Ww C¶-se)þ kn. ]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m³

\f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-bv¡pÅ þ F. BÀ. cmP-cmP hÀ½

Im´m-c-Xm-cIw Ah-Xm-cnI

sNdp-tÈcn (]-©m-\-\sâ hnaÀi-{X-bw) þ kmlnXy ]©m-\-\³ ]

n.sI.\mcm-b-W-]nÅ

Ihn-Xbpw ]Zyhpw (a-e-bm-f-\n-cq-]Ww C¶-se) þ kn. A´-¸mbn

samUyqÄ 2

I¶n-s¡m-bv¯nsâ Ah-Xm-cnI þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ

_mey-Im-e-k-Jn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI þ Fw. ]n. t]mÄ

Imfn-Zm-k\pw Ime-¯nsâ Zmk³ þ aptÈcn

\nXy-X-bnÂ Aen-bp¶ \nanjw þ Fw. sI. km\p

(A-im-ń-bnÂ \n¶v imń-bn-te-¡v)

59

DZ-b-¯n-\p-ap¼pw ]n¼pw (E-Xp-]- cn-hÀ¯-\w) þ sI. ]n. i¦-c³

samUyqÄ 3

hmg-¡p-ebpw ]n³ap-d-¡mcpw þ Xmbm-«p-i-¦-c³

(sX-c-sª-Sp¯ {]_-Ô-§Ä)

I®oÀ¸mSw (Im-hy-hyqÂ¸-¯n) þ Fw. ]n. i¦p®n \mbÀ (am-Xr-

`q-an)

hÅ-t¯mÄ Ihnbpw a\p-jy\pw (\-h-X-cw-Kw) þ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

klysâ aI³ (ioÀjm-k-\w) þ Fw. F³. hnP-b³

IpSn-sbm-gn-¡Â (A-h-Xm-cn-I) þ F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ

samUyqÄ 4

{]W-b-¯nsâ A[-c-kn-µqcw sIms-gp-Xnb IY þ sI. ]n. A¸³

(I-Y, BJym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-¯-bpw)

F³. hn. Ihn-X-bnse tZiob ]cn-t{]£yw þ Fw. BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ

(hm-b-\-bpsS hgn-IÄ)

hÅ-t¯m-fns\ hos-Sp-¡Â (ho-s-Sp-¸p-IÄ) þ ]n. ]n. cho-{µ³

]nXr-L-Sn-Imcw (]n-Xr-L-Sn-Im-cw) þ ]n. sI. cmP-ti-J-

c³

Ihn-X-bpsS Ipcp-¯-t¡-Sv, hmb-\-bp-sSbpw þ hn. kn. lmcnkv

(F-gp¯pw hmb-\-bpw)

kml-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä:

ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]Ww C¶se þ FUn. Fkv Kp]vX³ \mbÀ


ae-bmf kmlnXy hnaÀi\w þ kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww {]mcw-`-L«w þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ

kvamI {KÙm-hen

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww: a[y-L«w þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ kvamI

{KÙm-hen

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww: B[p-\nI L«w þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ

kvamI {KÙm-hen

ka-Ime \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ hyXykvX apJ-§Ä þ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ kvamI

{KÙm-hen

********************

Code. MA6B14 ska-ÌÀþ VI tImg-kv-þ14

tIc-fob cwK-I-e-IÄ


60

s{I-Unäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

\mtSmSn A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-IÄ apXÂ ssieo-\njvT Ie-IÄ hsc-bpÅ Ie-I-tfbpw ]

mÝmXy kzm[o-\-¯n-eqsS kz´-ambn cq]w sImSp¯ Ie-I-tfbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-

¯p-I.

Ch-bpsS Kth-j-Wm-ß-I-amb ]T-\-¯n\v t{]cn-¸n-¡pI

`mc-Xo-bhpw hntZ-io-b-hp-amb \mSy-k-¦Â]-§Ä¡-Xo-X-amb Hcp \mSy-]m-c-

¼cyw tIcfw F§s\ t\Sn-sb-Sp¯p F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv Dm-¡p-I.

hniz-{]-kn-²-amb Hcp ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ssien Zriy Ie-bnÂ tIc-f-¯n-\p-v. Ch-sb-¡p-

dn¨p kmam-\y-Úm\w t\Sn-bn-cn-¡p-I.

cwK-]m-T-s¯-¡qSn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mv Zriy kmlnXy cq]-§-fpsS ]T\w \nÀÆ-ln-

¡m³ {]m]vX-\m-¡p-I.

kmln-Xy-]-T\w kmwkv¡m-cnI ]T-\-am-sW¶ ]pXnb ImgvN-¸m-Sn-\-\p-k-cn¨v

Cu Ie-I-fpsS kwkv¡mc ]cn-k-chpw Ch-bnÂ DÅ-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ kmwkv¡m-cn-

Imw-i-§fpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t¡--Xnsâ A\n-hm-cyX t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

B[p-\nI cwK-k-¦Â¸-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ht«sd Awi-§Ä Cu Ie-I-fnÂ kzcq-]n-¡-

s¸-«n-«pv. Chsb Is-¯m³ hnZymÀ°nsb {]m]vX-\m-¡p-I.

P\-Io-bhpw P\-{]n-b-hp-amb B[p-\nI Ie-I-fpsS kwkvImc ]cn-kcw Xncn-¨-dn-

bp-I.

samUyqÄ 1: cwK-I-em-]m-c-¼cyw þ BZym-¦p-c-§Ä

]T-\-ta-Je

cwK-I-e-Ifpw Bhn-jv¡m-chpw tIc-fob ]cn-t{]-£y-¯nÂ

tIc-f-¯nÂ kz´-amb cwK-Iem ]mc-¼cyw . A\p-jvTm\/ \mtSmSn cwK-I-e-IÄ,

cwK ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ BZym-¦p-c-§Ä -þ Gähpw efn-Xhpw {]mNo-\-hp-amb

cq]w þ shfn-¨-¸mSv XpÅÂ. thj-¸-IÀ¨bpw `mh-¸-IÀ¨-bpw. cwK-I-e-bpsS ASn-

Øm\ kz`mhw Gdnbpw Ipdªpw hcp¶ aäp-I-e-IÄ

tImXm-½q-cn, sIt{´m³]m-«v, Xo¿m-«v, ]mt\-¦-fn, ]m\, IWn-bmÀI-fn, ]qX\pw

Xnd-bpw, If-sa-gp-¯v, ]m¼n³ XpÅÂ, tht«-¡m-c³ ]m«v, A¿-¸³]m-«v, ]qc-¡-fn,

Xncp-hm-Xn-c-¡-fn, X«n-t·ÂI-fn, h«-¡-fn, Z^v ap«v, H¸-\, Ad-_-\-ap-«v,

Ip¯vdm-¯o-_v, amÀ¤w-I-fn, apSn-bm-«w, tafw, taf-]m-c-¼-cy-¯nsâ Zriy{ihy

kwkv¡mcw þ sNtafw, ]©-hm-Zyw, in¦m-cnta-fw, in¦m-cnta-f-¯nsâ P\-{]nb

kwkv¡m-cw.

Cu Ie-I-fpsS kmwkv¡m-cnI]cn-kcw þ Dt±iye-£y-§Ä (Cu Ie-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ

kmam-\y-Úm\w am{Xw aXn. hnti-j-]-T\w BhiyanÃ.)

Ie-bpsS hnI-kn-X-cq-]-§Ä þ sX¿w, Xnd, ]S-b-Wn, apSn-tbäv apX-em-bh

apSn-tbäv þ Hcp \mS-I-¯nsâ LS-\m-]-c-amb ]qÀ®-X. Imhp-h-«-¯nsâ hnim-e-

amb cwK-Øen k¦Â¸w tÌPnsâ ]cn-[n-te¡v. cwK-k-¦Â¸w, Blm-cyw, Bkzm-Z-I³.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

61

1. \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-§Ä þ tUm. F. sI. \¼ymÀ

2. \mSy-th-Zn-bnÂ \S³ þ Imhmew\mcm-b-W-¸-Wn-¡À(F³.

IrjvW]nÅbpw

`mc-Xob \mS-I-th-Znbpw þ]n. hn.

them-bp-[³]nÅ)

3. apSn-tbäv þ Fkv. sI. \mbÀ (tI-c-f-¯nse \mtSm-

Sn-\m-S-I-§Ä)

4. tIc-fob hmZy-I-e-I-fpsS DÛ-hhpw hnIm-khpw þ F. Fkv. F³. \¼o-i³

(Xm-f-§Ä. Xmf-hm-Zy-§Ä)

5. am¸nfIeIÄ Hc-htem-I\w þ F³. ImXn-cn-t¡m-b amÌÀ

(am-¸nf Iem ZÀi-\w) tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, XrÈqÀ, 2009

samUyqÄ 2: IqSn-bm«w

]T-\-ta-Je

kwkvIrX\mS-I-§-fpsS tIc-fob A`n-\b k{¼-Zm-bw, IqSn-bm-«-¯nsâ DÛ-hhpw

hfÀ¨-bpw, sXfn-hp-IÄ, Nne-¸-Xn-Im-cw, D®p-\o-en-k-tµiw Ncn-{X-{]m-

[m-\yw, `àn-{]-Øm-\w, {_mÒ-Wm-[n-]-Xyw, t£{X-tI{µnXkwkv¡mcw, Ipe-ti-Jc

hÀ½-bpsS Imew, tXme³, IqSn-bm-«-¯n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ {][m\ \mS-I-§Ä. A`n-t\-

Xm-¡Ä, Iq¯-¼-ew, {]mtZ-inI kwkv¡m-c-¯n-\p-taÂ _rl-Xv]m-c-¼cyw, hnZq-j-I³.

{]mtZ-in-I-kw-kv¡m-chpw `mjbpw {]m[m\yw t\Sp-¶p. NmIymÀIq-¯v. IqSn-

bm-«hpw Iq¯pw, kmaq-ly-hn-aÀi\w, t]¡-Y-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-{]-k-àn, ]pcp-jmÀ°-

¡q-¯v, NXpÀÆn-[m-`n-\b k{¼-Zm-b-§Ä, ss]¦p-fw-cm-a-¨m-Iym-cpsS kw`m-h-\

kv{Xo{]m-Xn-\n[yw þ \§ymÀIq¯v

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1) Iq¯-¼-e-§-fpsS kw`m-h\ þ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-¸n-jm-cSn

(Iq¯-¼-e-§-fnÂ)

2) A`n-\bw þ tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v

(cw-Km-h-X-cWw `mKw aq¶v JWvUw cv)

3) IqSn-bm-«w, kp`{Zm [\-RvPbw H¶m-a¦w þ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

(Iq-¯-¼-e-§-fnÂ)

4) IqSn-bm-«-¯nse hnZq-j-I-·mÀ þ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

(AtX ]pkvX-Iw)

5) `K-h-Z-ÖpIw þ ]cn-`mj :sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

klm-b-I- {K-Ù-§Ä

Iq¯qw IqSn-bm-«hpw þ A½ma³ X¼p-cm³

\mSy-I-ev]-{Zpaw þ amWn-am-[-h-¨m-IymÀ

]pcp-jmÀ°-¡q¯v þ IrjvW-N-{µ³

\§ymÀIq¯v (Cw-¥o-jv) þ \nÀ½em ]Wn-¡À

Iq¯-¼-e-§-fnÂ þ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

62

samUyqÄ 3 : IY-Ifn

{]tbm-Kw, Ncn-{Xw, hnIm-kw, kwkv¡mcw

]T-\ta-Je

17-þmw \qäm-nÂ sIm«m-c¡cX-¼p-cm³ cq]w sImSp¯ cma-\m-«w, IY-I-fn-bpsS

{]m{Kq]w, cm-amb-Ws¯ Bkv]-Z-am¡n F«p-Zn-h-ks¯ IY-IÄ, sIm«m-c-¡-c-bpsS

IrXn-IÄ, B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS LS-\, hnImkw

tIm«bw X¼p-cm³, alm-`m-cs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bpÅ \mep IrXn-I-fpsS LS-\m-]-

c-amb ]qÀ®-X, ]m{X k¦Â¸w, CXn-hr¯w, ]nÂ¡me kzm[o\w, IÃ-Sn-t¡m-S³ k{¼-

Zm-bw.

D®m-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cnXw. kmln-Xy-]-c-amb Hu¶-Xyw, CXn-hr-¯w,

IYm-]m-{Xw, `mj, -cw-Km-hn-jv¡m-c-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ, \Ã-km-ln-Xy-aÃ \Ã

cwK-km-ln-Xy-sa¶ {]am-Ww. D®mbn Bhn-jv¡-cn¨ AÀ°-{]-]-©s¯ IY-I-fn-bpsS

Zriy-`m-j-bn-eqsS kwth-Z\w sN¿p-hm³ km[y-a-sÃ¶ hmZw þ D¯-c-cm-a-b-Ws¯

ASn-Øm-\-am¡n cNn-¡-s¸« ItÃ-¡p-f-§c cmL-h-]n-jm-c-Sn-bpsS cmh-tWm-Ûhw

IY-I-fn-bpsS kuµcy k¦Â¸-¯n-ep-m-¡nb {]I-S-amb amäw, {]Xn-\mbI³amÀ¡v e`n¨

{]m[m-\yw.

IoN-I-h-[w, D¯-cm-kz-bw-hcw (C-c-bn-½³X-¼n) \c-Im-kp-c-h-[w, cmP-kqbw

(ImÀ¯n-I-Xn-cp-\mÄ), _men-hn-Pbw (I-ÃqÀ \¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv) F¶n-§s\

{]Xn-\m-bI {][m-\-amb IrXn-IÄ. I¯n-th-j§fpsS Ah-X-c-W-¯nse kmwkv¡m-cnI LS-

I-§Ä.

cmP-k-{]-[m-\-§-fmb I¯n-th-j-§-fpsS Bhn-jv¡-c-Ws¯ C¯cw IY-I-fn-eqsS Nn«-s¸-

Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡Â, I¹n-§m«v \¼q-Xncn þ I¹n-§m«v cq]w-sIm-Sp¯ I¹n-§m-S³ k{¼-

Zmbw þ hS-¡³ {]tZ-i-§-fnse IÃ-Sn-t¡m-S³ k{¼-Zmbw þ `àn kwhÀ²-I-§-fmb

IptN-e-hr¯w t]mepÅ P\-{]nb IY-IÄ IY-I-fn-bqsS cwK-tim-`sb \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶n-Ã F¶

hmZw, IÃp-hgn k{¼-Zmbw IpbnÂs¯m-Sn-bnÂ C«n-cm-cn-¨-ta-t\m\pw

injy³ ]«n-¡m-s´mSn cmhp-®n-ta-t\m-\pw, IÃ-Sn-t¡m-S³ k{¼-Zm-b-¯nsâ ]cn-

Wm-aw, IÃp-hgn k{¼-Zm-bw, kuµ-cy-k-¦-ev]w, ico-c-`m-jbv¡pw \mSy-

[À½n¡pw h¶ {]m[m\yw, IÃp-hgn k{¼-Zm-b-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ IY-I-fn-bpsS ]

p\À\nÀ½n-Xn, Iem-a-Þew B[p-\n-Io-I-c-Ww, {]Nm-c-Ww, {]mtZ-in-I-X-bv¡-Xo-

X-amb kmam-\y-h-ev¡-cWw, P\-{]nb IY-IÄ, amen-bpsS IÀ®-i-]Yw, Cu IY-bpsS

kmaqly cmjv{Sob {]k-àn, IY-Ifn A`ym-khpw ]cn-io-e-\-hpw, If-cn-¸-bäpw IY-I-

fn-bpw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS cm{Xn-IÄ þ sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W³

(a-e-bm-fn-I-fpsS cm{Xn-IÄ)

63

2. IÀ¯y-]mTw þ InÅn-aw-Kew hmkp-tZ-h³ \¼q-Xn-

cn-¸m-Sv,

(I-Y-I-fn-bpsS cwK-]mTw Ncn-{Xw) Iem-a-Þew Fw. ]n. Fkv. \¼q-

Xncn

3. cma-\m«w apXÂ IY-I-fn-hsc (I-Y-Ifn kzcq-]w) þas¦m¼v inh-i-¦-c-¸nÅ, kn. sI.

inh-cm-a-¸nÅ

4. IÃym-W-ku-K-ÔnIw (“Imte IZm-Nn-ZY” F¶ tÇmIw apXÂ B cwKw Ign-bp-¶-

Xp-hsc)

5. \f-N-cnXw cmw Znhkw BZy-cwKw (\-f-N-cn-Xw B«-{]-Imcw, Iem-a-Þew

IrjvW³ \mbÀ)

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

IY-I-fn-cwKw þ sI. ]n. Fkv. tat\m³

sNmÃnbm«w þ Iem-a-Þew ]ß-\m-`³ \mbÀ (cp

hmey-§Ä)

IY-I-fn-bpsS cwK-]mT Ncn{Xw þ InÅn-aw-Kew hmkp-tZ-h³ \¼q-Xn-cn-

¸mSv

Iem-a-Þew Fw. ]n. Fkv. \¼q-Xncn

IY-Ifn kzcq]w þ as¦m¼v inh-i-¦-c-¸n-Å, kn. sI. inh-cm-a-

¸nÅ

Iem-a-Þew Ncn{Xw þ eoem \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv

tIm«bw IY-Ifn þ BäqÀ IrjvW-]n-jm-cSn

\f-N-cnXw Im´m-c-Xm-cIw hymJym\w þ F. BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½

\f-N-cnXw B«-{]-Imcw þ Iem-a-Þew IrjvW³ \mbÀ

D®m-bn-hm-cn-bÀ þ F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

(ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY {]k-à-`m-K-§Ä)

\mSym-Nm-cysâ Pohn-X-ap-{Z-IÄ þ Iem-a-Þew ]ß-\m-`³ \mbÀ, Rmb¯v

_me³

Fsâ PohnXw Ac-§nepw AWn-b-d-bnepw þ Iem-a-Þew IrjvW³\m-bÀ

Xnc-t\m«w þ Iem-a-Þew cma³Ip«n \mbÀ

HmÀ¯mÂ hnkvabw þ Iem-a-Þew sslZ-cen

IY-I-fn-thjw þ Iem-a-Þew ]ß-\m-`³ \mbÀ

]pd-¸mSv þ Ip½nWn

IY-Ifn þ ]n. hn. IrjvW³\m-bÀ

knUn/. UnhnUn -

tIm«bw IY-IÄ þ thZnI XriqÀ (am-Xr-`q-an)

cmP-kqbw

samUyqÄ 4 : ]nÂ¡me cwK-I-e-IÄ

Ip©³ \¼ymÀ þ XpÅÂ, DÛ-h-hn-Im-k-§Ä, A`n-\-b-k-{¼-Zm-bw, hI-t`-Z-§Ä

64

tamln-\n-bm«w þ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a- §Ä

ssZh-tZ-inI kzm[o-\w, Nhn-«p-\m-S-Iw, {][m\ \mS-I-§Ä, Ah-X-cW coXn-IÄ,

kwkvIrX kzm[o-\w, Xangv kzm[o\w kwKoX \mS-I-§Ä, B[p-\nI \mS-I-k-¦-ev]-§Ä.

kn\n-a, sSen-^n-enw, IYm-{]-kw-Kw, anan{In, Imcn-t¡-¨À XpS-§nb P\-{]nb Ie-

IÄ. Ch-bpsS kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI khn-ti-j-X-IÄ. ]cn-k-chpw kzm[o-\hpw

am{Xw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡n-bmÂ aXn. hni-Z-]-T\w Bh-iy-an-Ã.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. Ip©³ \¼ymÀ þ kmlnXy ]©m-\-\³ ]n. sI. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ

2. Hm«³Xp-ÅÂ (ta-f-¸-Zw) þ Iem-a-Þew IrjvW³Ip«n s]mXp-hmÄ

3. tamln-\n-bm«w þ Iem-a-Þew Ieym-Wn-¡p-«n-b½

4. Nhn-«p-\m-SI kzcq]w (N-hn-«p-\m-S-Iw)þ k_o-\-dm-^n, (\m-j-WÂ _pIvÌmÄ,

tIm-«bw 1964)

5. kwKoX \mSIw þ Pn. i¦-c-¸nÅ

(a-e-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXy Ncn-{Xw)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tIc-f-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw þ DÅqÀ

ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw þ ]n. sP. tXmakv

Iem-a-Þew Ncn{Xw þ eoem-\-¼q-Xn-cn-

¸mSv

ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY þ F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

tIc-f-¯nse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-§Ä þ Fkv. sI. \mbÀ

Nhn-«p-\m-SIw þ k_o-\m-dm^n

Assk³saâpw t{]mPIvSpw

t^mt«m kn. Un. tiJ-cWw

Iem-Im-c-·mÀ, {]KÛ Bkzm-Z-IÀ F¶n-h-cp-am-bpÅ A`n-apJw

Iem-tI-{µ-§-fpsS kµÀi\ dnt¸mÀ«v

aäp Ie-I-fp-am-bpÅ Xmc-Xayw

Ie-I-sftbm, IYm-]m-{X-§-tf-tbm, IrXn-I-tf-tbm, ssien-I-tf-tbm, Bkv]-Z-am-¡n-bpÅ

NÀ¨-IÄ. Hcp Ah-X-cWw Iv Bkzm-Z\w \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw X¿m-dm-¡Ww

P\-{]nb Ie-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]T\w X¿m-dm-¡Â

*******************

Code. MA6B15(E)01

ska-ÌÀ 6Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv

ssk_À ae-bmfw

65

]T-\-k-abw : 54 aWn-¡qÀ s{IUnäv : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

hnh-c-km-t¦-XnIXsb-¸än kmam-\y-ambpw ae-bmfw I¼yq-«-nw-Knsâ ka-Im-en-I-ap-J-s¯-¸än khn-ti-j-ambpw a\-Ên-em¡n AXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-e-¯nÂ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m³ ]Tn-Xm-¡sf {]m]vX-cm-¡p-I.

ae-bm-f-¯nÂ Fgp-¯n-sâbpw hmb-\-bp-sSbpw {]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw taJ-e-I-fnÂ ssk_ÀtemIw sNep-¯nb kzm[o-\-s¯-¸-än-bpÅ ssk²m-´n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb kmam-\y-Úm\w Dm-¡p-I.

ae-bmfw I¼yq-«nw-Kn-sâbpw ae-bmf `mj-bp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw ka-Im-en-I-ap-J-s¯-¸än kmam\y [mcW \ÂIp-I.

ae-bmfw I¼yq-«nw-KnÂ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIpI

CâÀs\-änse ae-bmfw DÅ-S¡ \nÀ½n¡v (Web content making) hnZymÀ°n-Isf {]m]vX-cm-¡p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]¦m-fn¯w Dd--¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

ae-bmf `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-s¯bpw ssk_ÀtemIw F§s\ kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶psh¶v Is-¯p-I.taÂ]-dª taJ-e-I-fnse Kth-j-W-]-T-\-§Ä¡v hnZymÀ°n-Isf t{]cn-¸n-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

`mjmkmt¦XnI hnZyþA-Xnsâ Ncn-{Xhpw hnIm-khpw (km-am-\y-ambn

am{Xw) ae-bmfw A¨-Sn-bpsS Bcw-`w-þ-tlmÀ¯qkv ae-_m-dn-¡qkv þ_-©-an³

s_bven-þ-KpÀ«v....-ssS¸v ssdädnsâ IS-¶p-h-c-hv-þ-ae-bmfw en]n ]cn-jvI-c-

Wwþ ]g-b-en-]nbpw ]pXnb en]n-bpw. I¼yq-«Àþ ASn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä, a-e-bmf

I¼yq-«nw-Knsâ XpS-¡w, hnhn[ Hm¸-td-änwKv knÌ-§Ä, DS-a-ØXm

tkm^vävshbdpw kzX-{´-tkm^väv shb-dpw, sUkvIvtSm¸v ]»n-jnw-Kv,

hnhn[ ae-bmfw tkm^väv sh-b-dp-IÄ

(Input Tools), cN-\, hnhn[ ae-bmfw t^mp-IÄþ bq\n-tIm-Uv F³tIm-UnwKv F¶m-se

´v? bq\n-tImUv t^mp-IÄ, ae-bmfw I¼yq-«nw-Knsâ ka-Im-en-I-apJw þ OCR, Text

to speech, Speech to Text, Spell checker F¶n-h-bpsS ae-bm-f-¯nse km[y-X-IÄ.

samUyqÄ-2

F´mWv C-kmlnXyw? C-kmln-Xy-¯nsâ hnhn[ {]Xy-£o-I-c-W-§Ä, ae-bmfw

sh_vssk-äp-IÄ, sh_vt]mÀ«-ep-IÄ, Hm¬sse³ hnÚm-\-tIm-i-§Ä-ae-bmfw hn¡n-]o-

Un-bbpw ktlm-Z-c-kw-cw-`-§-fmb hn¡n-{K-Ù-im-e, hn¡n-\n-L-p, hn¡n-sNm-Ãp-

IÄ XpS-§n-b-hbpw --- kÀÆ-hn-Úm\ tImiw sh_v-F-Un-j³, kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-I-amb

sh_vssk-äp-IÄ/t]mÀ«-ep-IÄ, C--_p¡v, C-sse{_-dn, UnkvIIw XpS-§nb k¦-ev]-§Ä,

t»mKp-IÄ F¶ Aa-NzÀ {]kn-²o-I-cW taJ-e. _q temIw (Malayalam blogosphere), knän-

k¬ tPÀW-enkw, t»mKvkm-ln-Xyw.

samUyqÄ 3

66

F´mWv ssk_À kmlnXyw? ssk_À imkv{X-t\m-h-ep-IÄ, ssk_À ]¦p-IÄ

(Punk) XpS-§n-bh þ ae-bm-f-¯nse ssk_ÀI-Y-IÄ, ssk_À hnj-b-I-amb t\mh-ep-IÄ

(Fw.-ap-Ip-µsâ \r¯w), ssk_À hnj-b-I-amb kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi-\-§Ä/]T-\-§Ä (]n.sI cmP-

ti-J-c³.-Pn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\³), Xnc-samgn (hyper text) bpw hmb-\-bpw, bmYmÀ°yhpw

{]XoXn bmYmÀ°yhpw (Virtual Reality) ssk_À kzXzw, ae-bm-f-¯nse ssk_À_-Ô-apÅ

]Z-§fpw {]tbm-K-§-fpw.

samUyqÄ 4: ({]m-tbm-KnI ]co-io-e-\w)

a. ae-bmfw I¼yq-«nwKv

hnhn[ ae-bmfw tkm^vävshb-dp-Isfbpw H¸w en]y-´-cW (Transliteration)

tkm^vävshb-dp-Isfbpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw bq\n-tImUv

t^mv D]-tbm-Kn¨v Hcp ae-bmfw ssS¸nwKv tkm^vävshbÀ F¦nepw ssIImcyw

sN¿m³ ]co-io-en-¡p-Ibpw thWw. t\m«v]mUv t]mepÅ Hcp t_knIv FUn-äÀ D]-

tbm-Kn¨v Umäm-F³{Sn ]co-io-en-¸n-¨mÂ aXn. (ssS-¸nw-Knsâ thKX ]co-£n-t¡--

Xn-Ã). en]y-´-cW tkm^vävshb-dp-I-fmb hc-sam-gn, samgn Ioam³, kz\-teJ F¶n-

h-bp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-S-Ww.

b. ae-bmfw DÅ-S-¡-\nÀ½n-Xnbpw t]mjWhpw

ae-bmfw DÅ-S¡ \nÀ½n-Xn-bnÂ {]mtbm-KnI ]co-io-e\w \ÂI-Ww,

hn¡n-]o-Un-bbpw A\p-_Ô kwcw-`-§fpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ, hn¡n-]o-Un-b-bnÂ

teJ-\-§Ä Fgp-XÂ, FUnäp sN¿Â, t»mKv \nÀ½n-¡Â, t»mKnw-Kv F¶nh {]mtbm-

Kn-I-ambn ]co-io-en-¡-Ww. (Hmtcm tImtfPpw/Un¸mÀ«vsaâpw Hcp ae-

bmfw sh_vssktäm AsÃ-¦nÂ ae-bmfw t»mtKm \nÀ½n¨v AXv Ønc-ambn

A]vtUäv sNbvXv \ne-\nÀ¯n ]cnio-en-¡-Ww. sh_vsskäv ]cn-]m-e-\-s¯-¡p-dn-

¨pÅ ]co-io-e-\hpw \ÂIn-bmÂ \¶v. hnhn[ ae-bmfw ]{X-§-fpsS sh_vssk-äp-I-

fnÂ teJ-\-§Ä Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]cnio-en-¡mw.)

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

1. C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-f-Pnþ -tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¦À.F-kv.-\m-bÀ (tI-c-f-`mjm C³Ìn-

äyq-«v, 2000)

67

2. B temIw apXÂ CþtemIw hsc: tUm. sP.hn hnf-\new (tI-cf`mjm

C³Ìnäyq-«v, 2000)

3. CâÀs\-äpw C³^Àta-j³ hn¹-hhpw : tUm. ._n CIv_mÂ, sI.-c-ho-{µ³ (Un.-kn.-

_p-Ivkv, tIm«-bw, 1999, 6maXv FUn-j³)

4. C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn F´v, F§-s\, F´n\v? : tUm. _n. CIv_mÂ, sI. cho-{µ³,

(I-dâv _pIvkv, XriqÀ,2003)

5. ssk_À ae-bmfw : FUn-äÀ : kp\oX Sn.hn (I-dâv _pIvkv, XriqÀ,2009)

6. `mh-\m-XoXw (a-e-bm-f-¯nse ssk_À IY-IÄ): tUm. ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c³ (Un.-

kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw)

7. GIm´ \K-c-§Ä: tUm. ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw)

8. `mhp-IXzw Ccp-]-¯n-sbm¶mw \qäm-nÂ: Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv,

tIm«-bw, 2006)

9. \r¯w (t\m-hÂ): Fw. apIp-µ³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw, 2006)

10. Ccp-]-¯n-sbm¶mw \qäm-nse ae-bmfw (te-J-\w): ]n.-hn. D®n-Ir-

jvW³, C.-Fw. {io[-c³ (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v, 1999 k]vXw-_À 5, ]p.8)

11. Xnc-samgn (te-J-\w): ]n.-]n. cma-N-{µ³ (`m-jm-t]m-jn-Wn, 2008

sabv, Pq¬)

12. CâÀs\äpw bqWn-tImUpw ae-bm-f-`mjm {]iv\-§fpw (te-J-\w): tUm.

atljv awK-em«v (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v, 2006 s^{_p-hcn 17, ]p.85,

e¡w 51)

13. t»mKnwKv: am[y-a-tem-Is¯ hn¹-h-h-gn-IÄ (te-J-\w): hn.-sI. BZÀiv

(am-Xr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v, 2007 HIvtSm_À 7, ]p.85 e¡w 32)

14.C þkmlnXyw (te-J-\w): tUm. Fw.-F³. Imc-tÈcn (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v,

2007 HIvtSm-_À 7, ]p.85, e¡w 32)

15. ae-bmfw t»mKp-IÄ: km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw (te-J-\w): kp\oX

Sn.-hn. (`m-jm-km-ln-Xn, 2007 Unkw-_À ]p. 23,- e¡w 2)

16. Cyberspace: First steps (Article)-Micheal Benedict (in ‘Cyber

Culture Readerþ- Ed. David Bell) Routledge, London, 2000.

17. How Cyberculture Delete Nature (Article), Jerry Mander, The

Ecologist, Vol. 29, No.3, March/April 1999)

18. China working paper, CWP, 2005 (Article-Available online-google

search)

19. Blogging: Personal participation in public knowledge building in

the web (Article-available online-google search)

20.ae-bmfw hn¡n-]o-Unb (http://ml.wikipedia.org)

21.hn¡n {KÙ-ime (http://ml.wikisource.org)

22.hn¡n \nLp (http://ml.wiktionary.org)

68

23.hn¡n ]mT-ime (http://ml.wikibooks.org)

24.hn¡n sNmÃpIÄ (http://ml.wikiquotes.org)

25. kÀÆ-hn-Úm-\-tImiw sh_vFUn-j³

26. hnhn[ ae-bmfw ]{X-§-fpsS sh_vssk-äp-IÄ

27. hnhn[ ae-bmfw t»mKp-IÄ

þ (_qtemI-I-Y, _qtemI Ihn-X, _qtemI ImcpWyw F¶nh DÄs¸sS)

28.amXr-`qan BgvN-¸-Xn-¸nÂ hcp¶ t»mK\

************************

Code. MA6B15 (E)02 ska-ÌÀþ 6 Ce-IvSohv tImg-kv-

hnhÀ¯\w


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

hyXy-kvX-kw-kvIm-c-§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\pw \½psS kwkvIm-cs¯ {]N-cn-

¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ km[y-X-Isf {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ klm-bn-¡p-I.

hnhÀ¯\ kmln-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Hcp s]mXp-[m-c-W-bp-m-¡p-I. hnhÀ¯-\hpw Hcp

kÀ¤-ky-jvSn-bm-sW¶ Ah-t_m-[-ap-m-¡pI. hnhÀ¯-\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam\y

t_m[-ap-m-¡p-I. hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]tbm-KnI ]mT-§Ä ]cn-io-en-¡pI

samUyqÄ 1

hnhÀ¯\w F¶m-se´v? F´n\v? hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ kam-\-cq-]-§Ä þ hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ `n¶-

cq-]-§Ä þ ]Zm-\p-]Zw, kzX-{´w, ]p\x-krjvSn þ Bi-b-hn-hÀ¯-\w, kw{K-l-hn-

hÀ¯-\w, A\p-I-cWw, hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ aqeyw, hnhÀ¯-t\m-]-I-c-W-§Ä þ hnhÀ¯-Isâ

tbmKy-X-IÄ

samUyqÄ 2

hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb am\-§Ä. aqe-`mj þ

e£y-`mjm kwkvIm-c-§Ä þ ]Zy-km-ln-Xyw, KZy-km-ln-Xyw, imkv{X-Ir-Xn-IÄ,

69

imkvt{X-Xc IrXn-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]iv\-§Ä þ ssien-I-fp-

sSbpw ]g-s©m-Ãp-I-fp-sSbpw \m«p-`m-jm-]-Z-§-fp-sSbpw hnhÀ¯-\w.

samUyqÄ 3

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. `mc-Xob t\mhÂ XÀÖ-a-IÄ þ Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c³

2. _joÀ IrXn-I-fpsS hnhÀ¯\w Nne-Nn-´-IÄ þ hnh. tUm. Fkv. them-bp-[³

3. XÀP-a-]-T-\-¯nse ]p¯³]p-Xp-a-IÄ þ tUm. kvIdn-b-k-¡-dnb

4. hnhÀ¯\w þ F¶ {KÙ-¯nsâ Ah-Xm-cnI þ F³. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-bÀ

(`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

5. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-¯nÂ hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]kàn þ s{]m^. kn. am[-h³]nÅ

samUyqÄ 4

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w Cw¥o-jnÂ \n¶v ae-bm-f-¯n-tebv¡pw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ

\n¶v Cw¥o-jn-te-

bv¡p-apÅ ]cn-`mj. Ihn-Xm-JÞw/IYm-JÞw/KZy-`mKw; ssien/]g-s©mÃv/]Z-§Ä

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

hnhÀ¯-\-hn-Nmcw þ tUm. F³. C. hniz-\m-Y-A-¿À

(tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

hnhÀ¯-\-¯nsâ `mjm imkv{X-`qanI þ tUm. hn. BÀ. {]t_m-[--N-{µ³

(tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

hnhÀ¯\w þ (tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

`mjbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw þ Fw. ]n. kZm-in-h³ (tIc-f-

`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

XÀÖp-a-bpsS Xmt¡mÂ þ kn. hn. hmkp-tZ-h-`-«-Xncn

kvssI_p¡v ]»n-tj-gvkv, amth-en-¡-c)

XÀÖa kn²m-´hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-¯nÂ þ FUn. Pb-kp-Ip-am-c³, kvIdnb

kv¡dnb

Xmc-X-ay-km-lnXy ]oTnI þ (tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v)

Xmc-X-ay-km-lXy ]cn-Nbw þ FUn.tUm. Nm¯-\m¯v

ANypX-\p®n

`mjbpw `mjm-´-c-Whpw þ sI. Fw. tImin

hnhÀ¯\ Nn´-IÄ þ FUn. tUm. hn. BÀ {]t_m-[-N{µ³

********************

Code. MA6B15 (E) 03

ska-ÌÀ VI

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv

\h-kw-kvImc ]T-\-§Ä]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-¡qÀ

70

s{IUnäv : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§ÄkwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw kwkvIm-c]T\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ {]mNo-\hpw \ho-\-

hp-amb k¦Â]-§sf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I.

\h-kw-kvIm-c-]-T\w `uXnI Xe-¯nepw _u²nI Xe-¯nepw Hcp-t]mse kzm[o\w

sNep-¯p¶ hyh-lm-c-ta-J-e-IÄ krjvSn-¡p-¶p. A¡m-Z-an-Iv X-e-§-fnÂ Ch Gsd

{]k-à-am-Wv. \½psS cmjv{Sobþkm-aqly ]cn-k-c-§-fnÂ Ch F§s\ k¶n-th-in-

¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p F¶pÅ \nco-£-Whpw kmam-\y-amb Ah-t_m-[-ap-m-¡epw

Cu tImgvknsâ e£y-am-Wv.

samUyqÄ 1

]cn-Øn-Xn-¡pw, Zen-X-\pw, kv{Xo¡pw, thn-bpÅ i_vZ-§Ä kam-\-X-tbmsS

kaq-l-¯nsâ s]mXp-[m-c-bnÂ \n¶p-b-tc--Xm-Wv. Ch-bpsS aqeyw BXy-´n-I-ambn

am\-hn-I-Xsb DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶p. AtX-k-abw hnI-k-\-¯nsâ sXämb \b-§sf hnaÀin-

¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

sskeâv hmen {]t£m`w þ Nn]vtIm {]Øm\w þ \À½Z _¨mthm Bt´m-f³-þ-{]-

Ir-Xn-kw-c-£W kanXn þ ¹m¨n-aS ka-c-k-anXn XpS§n hnhn[ Iq«m-bva-IÄ.

]cn-Øn-Xn-sbbpw kv{Xosbbpw Ahn-`-à-ambn I ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS Bi-b-§Ä,

{]m´-h-ev¡-cn-¡-s¸-«-h-cpsS \oXn-¡p-thn i_vZn¨ {]Xy-b-imkv{X kwln-X-IÄ. Ch-

bpsS hni-I-e\w

ae-bm-f-¯nÂ C¯cw hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ cq]o-I-cn¨ \h-kn-²m-´-§Ä-, ]mcn-Øn-XnI

kulrZw ]peÀ¯p¶ hnhn[ ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ, {]Ir-Xn-Po-h\wþ {]Ir-Xn-Ir-jnþ ]-c-¼-

cm-KX Ipe-s¯m-gn-ep-I-fpsS ]p\-cp-Öo-h\wþ\m-«-dn-hp-I-fpsS tiJ-cWhpw

t{ImUo-I-c-Whpw ]p\:{]tbm-Khpw þkv{Xo-]p-cpj kaXzw hn`m-h\w sNbvX ]

pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-en-IÄ, Ch-bpsS kmln-Xy-¯nse {]Xn-^-e-\w.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv¡v

]md-IÄ þ H.-hn.-hn-P-b³

thcp-IÄ hnev]-\bv¡v þ kn.hn {iocm-a³

s]m´³amS þ kn.hn {iocm-a³

tKm]n-ImZ-WvUIw þ A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡À

Ibäw þ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³

abn-e½ Hcp PohnXw þ Bß-IY

ssZh-¯nsâ I®v þ F³.-]n. apl-½Zv

Imem-Xo-X-amb Úm\w þ kp[m-aqÀ¯n

IÂ¡m-Sp-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ Fsâ PohnXw þ s]m¡p-S³

\À½-Z-bvs¡mcp ]m«v þ Ipª-¸-]-«m-¶qÀ

samUyqÄ 2

]cn-Øn-Xn-þ-]-cn-Øn-Xn-hn-Úm-\obw þ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw F¶o kwÚ-I-fpsS

AÀ°hpw hym]vXnbpw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.’

71

hnhn[ ]cn-ØnXn kao-]-\- §Ä : ]cn-ØnXn kuµ-cy-imkv{Xwþl-cn-

X-cm-jv{So-bw-þ-]-cn-ØnXn B[ym-ßn-I-hm-Zw-þ-]m-cn-Øn-XnI kv{Xohm-Zw-

þ-ù-Xn-I-k-Zm-Nmcw F¶o {]tbm-K-§-sfbpw kn²m-´-§-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ. ]

cn-Øn-Xn-t_m[w \m«-dn-hp-Isf ]cn-]p-jvS-am-¡p-¶pþ\m-«-dn-hp-Ifpw \mS³

kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpw-þ-]-cn-Øn-Xnbpw ImÀjn-I-kw-kvIm-chpw þ]-cn-Øn-

Xnbpw Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£-W-hpw.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-¯n\v

Imhp-Xo-tÃ þ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

Imäp-]-dª IY þ H.-hn.-hn-P-b³

]cn-ØnXn kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-¯n-s\m-cm-apJw þ Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³

sIm¨n-bnse hr£-§Ä þ sI.-Pn.-i-¦-c-¸nÅ

`mc-X-¸pj þ ]n.-F³.hn-P-b³

samUyqÄ 3

Zen-X³ F¶ kwÚ þ ZenXv k¦Â]-\w-þ-Z-enXv kmln-Xywþ ae-bm-f-¯nse

ZenXv kmln-Xyw. kzXzm-hn-jvIm-c-¯nsâ \q\-X-ta-Je, {]m´-h-evIrX hn`m-K-§-

fpsS Bß-{]-Im-i-\-§Ä-þ-B-ß-I-Y-þ-HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ F¶n-h-bnse ZenXvkmln-Xy-

¯nsâ hmsam-gn-h-g-¡wþ \mtSm-Sn-¸m-«p-I-fnse Zen-XvPo-hn-Xw-þ-Z-en-

XvPo-hn-Xhpw cwK-th-Zn-bpw.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-¯n\v

PmXn-¡p½n þ sI.-]n.-I-d-¸³

Nmshmen (t\m-hÂ) þ ]n.G D¯-a³

ZenXv ]Z-§fpw {]tbm-K-§fpw ssien-Ifpw þ Ihn-bqÀ apc-fn, Idâv _pIvkv,

tIm«bw

(Z-enXv `mj Bdmw A²ym-bw)

Idp-¸nsâ kuµcy imkv{Xw þ sI.-C.-F³, Nn´m ]»n-tjgvkv

(I-dp-¸nsâ kuµcy imkv{Xw) Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw

Zen-XÀ BcmWv? ZenXv kmlnXyw F´v? þ sI.-kn.-]p-cp-tjm-¯-a³

Fń\v? F¶o A²ym-b-§Ä tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, 2008

(Z-enX kmlnXy {]Øm-\w)

samUyqÄ 4

kvXo]£ Nn´-I-fpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä, kmaq-ln-Ihpw km¼-¯n-I-hp-amb

Ah-Im-i-¯n\pw ka-Xz-¯n-\p-am-bpÅ kv{Xo apt¶-ä-§Ä-þ-hn-Zym-`ymkw,

sXmgnÂ, Ie-IÄ XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂ \thm-°m-\-¯nsâ ]mX-IÄ ]n¶n« kv{XoiànþB-tKm-

f-X-e-¯nÂ emän-\-ta-cn-¡,-{^m³kv, Cw¥-v, B{^n¡ F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ sân-\n-k-

¯n-\p-mb DZbhpw hfÀ¨-bpwþ kmam\ymh-tem-I-\w.

hnhn[ sân-\nÌv hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ

72

DZm-c-kv{Xo-hm-Zw, kmaqlykv{Xohm-Zw, Ct¡m-s^-an-\n-

kw, »m¡vs^an-\n-kw, ae-bm-f-¯nse kv{Xo]£kmln-Xyw-þ-B-Zy-Ime Fgp-¯p-Im-

cnÂ tXm«-¡m«v C¡m-h-½,-e-fn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀÖ-\w, sI.-k-c-kz-Xn-b½ XpS-§n-b-

hsc Ipdn¨v kmam-\y-[m-c-W, _u²n-I-hn-j-b-§-fnÂ \n¶v hn`n-¶-ambn kv{Xosb

Hcp \h-\nÀ½n-Xn-bpsS ]p\:krjvSn-bpsS ]pXnb {]iv\-]-cn-k-cw.

hni-Z-am-b-]-T-\-¯n\v

1. kp`-{ZmÀÖp\w \mS-I-¯nsâ Ah-Xm-cnI þ kmdm-tPm-k^v (s{]m-

^. ]n.-i-¦c³-

\¼ymÀ ^ut-j³, XrÈqÀ)

2. PmK-cqI þ {]nb.-F.-Fkv

3. sNdnb Icn-]p-c temIs¯ kv{XobpsS

kz]v\-§Ä þ hn.-Fw.-Kn-cnP

4. apSn-s¯¿w Dd-bp-t¼mÄ (km-dm-tPm-k-^nsâ

]m]-¯d F¶ IrXn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I) þ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³

5. kv{Xobpw kwkvIm-chpw:

Úm\-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp At\z-jWw þ efnXm se\n³ ( hnth-N-\-¯nsâ `n¶ ap-J-§Ä, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-¯v)

**************

Code. MA5A01

ska-ÌÀ V

Hm¸¬ tImgvkv

\mSI ]T\w]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-¡qÀ

s{IUnäv : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

]mÝmXy `mc-Xob cwK-I-em-X-Xz-§Ä, Ncn{Xw F¶nh kmam-\y-ambn ]

cnNb-s¸-Sp-I.

tIc-fob cwK-I-e-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw Ncn-{Xhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-

s¸-Sp-I.

ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS kz`m-hw, ka-Im-enI cwK-thZn F¶n-h-sb-¡p-

dn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡pI

cwK-I-e, cwKm-hn-jvIm-cw, kwhn-[m\w F¶n-§s\ \mS-I-¯nsâ {]mtbm-KnI

Xe-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I.

samUyqÄ 1

]mÝm-Xy-þ-`m-c-Xob cwK-I-e-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Ah-bpsS Ncn-{X-s¯bpw

kz`m-h-s¯bpw Ipdn¨pw ]Tn-¡p-I-bmWv ChnsS e£y-am-¡p-¶-Xv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

73

bh-\-\m-S-I-¯nsâ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä þ Pn.-Ip-am-c-]nÅ

(Pn.-Ip-am-c-]n-Å-bpsS sXc-sª-Sp¯ teJ-\-§Ä) cRvPna ]»n-t¡-j³kv, N§-\m-

tÈcn

\mSy-Ie (I-em-tem-Iw) þ sI.]n \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, XrÈqÀ

\ho\ \mSI k¦Â]-§Ä (\m-S-I-ZÀi-\w) þ Pn.-i-¦-c-]nÅ, Unkn _pIvkv,

tIm«bw

samUyqÄ 2

tIcfob cwK-I-e-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw Ncn-{Xhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-

s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

cwK--thZn ]c-¼-cm-KXw (cw-Km-h-X-c-Ww) þ Un.-A-¸p-¡p-«³ \mbÀ,

tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v,

\m«-c-§n\v Hcp ]oTnI (\m-«-c-§v-þ-hn-Im-khpw þ Pn. `mÀK-h³ ]nÅ

]cn-Wm-a-hpw) tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v

DWÀhnsâ Imew, \mSIw hf-cp¶p þ Pn. i¦-c-]n-Å,

F¶o A[ym-b-§Ä (a-e-bmf \mSI kmlnXy Ncn-{Xw) þ tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an,

XrÈqÀ

samUyqÄ 3

ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Zn-bnÂ h¶ amä-§Ä-þ-s{]m-^-j-WÂ, Aa-NzÀ hn`-P-\w-þ-

hn-hn[ \mS-Im-h-X-cW kwL-§Ä cq]w sImÅp-¶p-þ-sI.-]n.-G.kn, kwKaw Xn¿-

tägvkv, Imfn-Zmk Iem-tI-{µw, KoYm BÀ«vkv ¢ºv, tIcf Xn¿-tä-gvkv, hniz-tI-cf

Iem kanXn. tXm-¸nÂ `mkn, sI.-Sn.-ap-l-½-Zv, Xnt¡m-Sn-b³,

Fkv.-FÂ.-]pcw kZm-\-µ³, ImeSn tKm]n, G.-F³. KtW-jv, kn.-Pn. tKm]n-\m-Y³,

ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³ \mbÀ, s]m³Ip¶w Zmtam-Z-c³, ]n.sP Bâ-Wn, F³.-F³.-]n-Å,

Fw.Sn hm-kp-tZ-h³\m-bÀ apX-em-b-hÀ s{]m^-j-WÂ \mS-I-th-Zn¡v thn \S-¯nb

cN-\-IÄ-þ-t{]-£-Isc Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ tNcp-h-IÄ þ]-cn-an-Xn-IÄþ {KmaoW

Ac-§p-IÄ-þ-\m-S-I-§Ä (kn.-FÂ.-tPm-kv, ]n.-BÀ. N{µ³, IS-hqÀ N{µ³ ]nÅ, ]p¶{]

Zmtam-Z-c³, ]d-hqÀ tPmÀÖv, sI.-F-kv.-\-¼q-Xncn apX-em-b-h-cpsS cN-\-IÄ). \

mS-I-¡-f-cn-IÄ (67se imkvXmw-tIm« sh¨v \S¶ If-cn apXÂ) hnhn[ \mS-Im-h-X-cW

]cn-io-e\ kwcw-`-§Äþ kv¡qÄ Hm^v {Uma-þ-tI-cf kwKoX \mSI A¡m-Z-an.

hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v

krjvSn þ sI.-Sn.-ap-l-½-Zv, sI.-Sn-bpsS \mS-I-

§Ä

74

kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, XrÈqÀ

Idp-¯-ssZ-hs¯ tXSn þ Pn. i¦-c-]nÅ, Un.kn _pIvkv, tIm«bw

samUyqÄ 4

Ip«n-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Zn-þ-Ip-«n-I-fpsS cwK-th-Zn-bpsS a\:imkv{Xw

þIp-«n-IÄ t{]£-I-cm-Ip-t¼mÄ-þ-cw-K-{]-`mXv (Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw) cwK-tN-X\

(Xr-ÈqÀ) \h-cwK (]m-e-¡m-Sv) imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-¯nsâ _tem-Õh PmY-IÄ-þ-

Ip-«n-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Znbpw apXnÀ¶-h-cpw.

kv{Xo]£ \mSI thZn-þ-a-e-bmf cwK-th-Znbpw kv{XoI-fpw-þ-\m-SI

cN-\bpw kv{Xo a\Êpw þkv{Xo-IÄ¡p-th-n-bpÅ cN-\-IÄ Ah-X-c-W-§-Ä-þ-

imkv{XkmlnXy ]cn-j-¯nsâ h\nXm Iem-Pm-Y-IÄ (Bcym ]Åw, sI.-]n.-G.kn kptem-

N-\, \ne-¼qÀ Bbn-j, amth-en-¡c s]m¶-½, im´m-tZ-hn, aW-¡mSv Dj, kn.sI enÃn,

eoem ]Wn-¡À, ]n.kn tZhIn F¶n-h-sc-¡p-dn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.)

tdUntbm \mS-I-§Ä þ{]-t£-]W Ie þkv{In-]vänÂ {i²n-t¡ Imcy-§Ä þi_vZ \nb-

{´Ww þA-h-X-cW coXn

kvInäp-IÄþ GIm-`n-\bw (tam-tWm-B-IvSv), i_vZm-\p-I-cWw (an-an-{In),

Im¼kv Xn¿-äÀ þkv¡qÄ Item-Õ-h-§Ä þ kÀÆ-I-emime aÕ-c-§Äþ tIc-tfm-Õ-h-§Ä þ

sXcphp \mS-I-§Ä þ{]-Nm-cW \mS-I-th-Zn-þ-t_m-[\ \mS-I-th-Zn.

klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä

tIc-f-¯nse \mtSmSn \mS-I-§Ä þ tUm.-F-kv.sI \mbÀ

kwKo-X-\m-SI Ncn{Xw þ sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m³

\mSI {]th-inI þ F.-Un.-l-cn-iÀ½

cwK-`mj þ hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ

ae-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw þ Pn.-i-¦-c-]nÅ

\mSI ZÀi\w þ Pn. i¦-c-]nÅ

ae-bmf \mSI {]Øm\w þ Im«p-amSw \mcm-b-W³

\mS-I-¯n-te-bvs¡mcp \S-¸mX þ G.-]n.]n \¼q-Xncn

tI{µ-I-em-k-an-Xnbpw Iem-k-anXn {]Øm-\hpw þ ]h-\³, tIfn Pq¬ 1976

Hfn-hnse HmÀ½-IÄ þ tXm¸nÂ `mkn

Ac-§p-Im-Wm¯ \S³ þ Xnt¡m-Sn-b³

\mSI ZÀ¸Ww þ F³.-F³.-]nÅ

A`n-b-\-¯nsâ ck-X{´w þ apcfn

IÀ«¬ þ F³.-F³.-]nÅ

hnZzm³ ]n tIfp-\m-b-cpsS Ub-dn-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ þ FUn: C.-]n. cmP-

tKm-]m-e³

t_m[\ \mS-I-thZn þ F³.-BÀ.-{Km-a-{]-Imiv

kq{X-[m-cm, FXnse FXnse þ hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ

************

75

Code. MA5D02

ska-ÌÀ V

Hm¸¬ tImgvkv

kv{Xo]T-\-§Ä]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-¡qÀ

s{IUnäv : 4Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

Ncn-{X-¯n-eq-S-\ofw \nÀh-Nn-¡-s¸-SmsX t]mb kv{XoXzs¯ \nÀÆ-Nn-¡pI

Kth-jWhnÚm\imJ-bmbn hfÀ¶n-«pÅ sân-\n-k-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-L-«-§-tfbpw

ssk²m-ń-

I-X-e-t¯bpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.

tIc-fob kaq-l-¯n-ep-m-bn-«pÅ kv{Xo apt¶-ä-§sf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-

s¸-SpI

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nse kv{Xo]£ cN-\-Isf khn-ti-j-ambn ]Tn-¡p-I.

kv{Xo]£ \ncq-]Ww tIc-fob Nn´m-a-WvU-e-¯nÂ sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w a\-Ên-

em-¡pI

tIc-fob Iem-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwK-§-fnÂ kv{XoI-fpsS kw`m-h-\-Isf Adn-bpI

samUyqÄ 1

1 kv{Xo]£ Nn´-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-Ým-¯ew þ kmam\ym-h-tem-I\w (kv{Xo-]£ Nn´-

I-fpsS DZbw; hyXykvX Ncn-{X-L-«-§Äþ sân-\Âþ sân-\n-Ìvþ ôsabvÂ;

hyXykvX sân\nk§Ä-þ-en-_-dÂ, tkmjy-enÌv & amÀIvknÌv , dmUn-¡Â, »m¡v ,

t]mÌv tImtfm-Wn-bÂ & tXÀUv thÄUv, aÄ«n dmj-WÂ, t]mÌv kv{SIvN-dÂ, B[p-\

n-Im-\-ć sân-\n-kw, Ct¡m-s^-an-\nkw XpS-§n-b-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kmam-\y-

[m-cW cq]-s¸-Sp-¯pI; A¡m-Z-anIv cwK-§-fn-te-bv¡pÅ kv{Xo ]T-\-¯nsâ hym]\w

þN-cn-{Xw, km¼-¯nI imkv{Xw, ùXn-I-im-kv{Xw, Pohim-kv{Xw, kuµ-cy-im-

kv{Xw, a\:imkv{Xw, aXw XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fnse kv{Xo ]¦m-fn-¯w)

2 kv{Xo]-£ Nn´-I-fpsS ssk²m-ń-I-Xew (shÀPo-\nbm hpÄ^v, kntam¬ Zv_psÆ,

ZcnZ, B³{Un-b³ dn¨v, Fse-bv³ tjmhmÄ«À, eqkn Cdn-K-sd, sSdn CuKnÄ«¬,

tIbväv anÃ-äv, sle³ knIvkm-kv, s_än ss{^Zm³, k^n-tbmän XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS

Nn´-Isf ap³\nÀ¯n ]Tn-¡p-I.)

3 kv{XoXz-¯nsâ \nÀÆ-N\w þ {]iv\-§Ä

samUyqÄ 2

tIc-fob kaq-l-¯nse kv{Xob-hØ (Ip-Spw-_w, kaq-lw, hnhm-lw, \nbaw F¶n-

h-bnÂ h¶n-cn-¡p¶ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb hfÀ¨, PmXn-kz-Xz-¯n-eqsS kv{Xo ]T-\w)

tIc-fob kaq-l-¯n-ep-m-bn-«pÅ kv{Xo apt¶-ä-§Ä (sImtfm-Wn-bÂ, kzmX-{ý,

\thm-°m-\, kzmX-{ým-\-´-c, B[p-\nI Ime-L-«-§-fn-ep-m-bn-«pÅ hyXykvX

kv{Xo apt¶-ä-§Ä) IÀjI {]Øm-\hpw kv{Xo ]¦m-fn-¯-hpw-þ-t{SUvbqWn-b\pw

kv{XoIfpw þB-Zn-hmkn ZenXv kv{Xo apt¶-ä-§Äþ `qan-k-a-c-§fpw kv{XoI-fpsS

76

]¦pwþkv{Xobpw ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw þtI-c- f-¯nse kv{Xohn-tam-N\ {Kq¸p-Ifpw

Ah-cpsS Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI kmaqly {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpw.

samUyqÄ 3

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nse kv{Xo]£Nn´ (a-e-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nsâ hyXykvX L«-§-fn-

ep-m-bn-«pÅ kv{Xobm-hn-jvIm-c-§Ä-þ-hm-samgn hg-¡-§-fnÂ, \mtSmSn kmln-

Xy-¯nÂ, {]mNo\ Ime-§-fnÂ, sImtfm-Wn-bÂ Ime-§-fnÂ, \thm-°m-\-Im-e-¯v, B[p-\

nI þ D¯-cm-[p-\nI Ime-§-fnÂ Chsb kmam-\y-ambn Adn-ªp-thWw ]Tn-¡p-hm³)

ae-bm-f-¯nse BZy-Ime Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-IÄ þtXm-«-bv¡m«v C¡m-h-½, A¼mSn

ImÀ¯ym-b\nb½, Ip«n-¡p-ªn-X-¦-¨n....)

s]s®-gp-¯nsâ BZy-L«w (k-c-kz-Xn-b-½, efn-Xmw-_n-I A´ÀÖ-\w, _mem-a-Wn-b-

½, cmP-e-£van.....)

s]s®gp¯nsâ apJy-[mc (am-[-hn-¡p-«n, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, kpK-X-Ip-am-cn, hÕ-e)

B[p-\nI ae-bmf Ime-L-«-¯nse kv{Xosb-gp-¯p-Im-cn-IÄ (hn-P-b-e-£van, kmhn-

{Xn cmPo-h³, Ajn-X, t{Kkn, hn.-Fw.-Kn-cn-P, tdmkvta-cn, ]n.-Ko-X, A\nXm

X¼n, sI.-BÀ. aoc, N{µ-aXn, kp[o-c, {]nb.-F.-F-kv)

kv{XoIÄ Bß-I-Y-sb-gp-Xp-t¼mÄ

(hy-XykvX Ime-L-«-§-fnse kv{Xo]£ Nn´-I-tfbpw hyXykvX Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-I-fpsS

khn-tij kzXz-s¯bpw hyà-ambn ]Tn-¡m-\mWv {i²n-t¡--Xv).

samUyqÄ 4

kv{Xo]£ \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw (gyno-lesbian-gay apX-emb Nn´m-]-²-Xn-Isf

kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-S-Ww) þ enwK-]-Z-hn-bpsS {]iv\-§Ä þkv{Xo-`m-j-þ-

a-e-bm-f-¯nse kv{XohmZ Nn´-IÄ (k-¨n-Zm-\-µ³, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, ]n.-Ko-X, tZ-

hn-I, tUm.-Pm³kn sPbnw-kv, hn.kn lmcn-kv, kn.-F-kv.-N-{µn-I, tUm. imc-Z-

¡p«n XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS teJ-\-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ) ae-bm-f-¯nse kv{Xo \ncq-]-

IÀ-þ-am-[y-a-§fpw kv{Xo]-£-Nn-´-I-fpw-þ-h-\nXm amkn-I-IÄ-þ-cw-K-I-ebpw

kv{XoIfpw þkv{Xo \mS-I-thZn

XpSÀhm-b-\-bv¡pÅ ]pkvX-I-§Ä

kv{Xo Ime-L-«-§-fnÂ - ]n.-e-£van-¡p-«n-b-½, (klr-Z-b-thZn, XrÈqÀ)

kv{Xo- hn.kn lmcn-kv, (Un.kn _pIvk, tIm«bw)

kv{Xohm-Z-kn-²m-´-§Ä -þ {]im-´vIp-amÀ

apSn-s¯-¿-§Äþ (kmdm tPmk-^nsâ "]m]--¯d' bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I) Idâv _pIvkv,

XrÈqÀ

tIc-f-¯nse kv{Xoap-t¶-ä-§-fpsS Ncn{Xwþ kn.-F-kv.-N-{µnI; (tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-

Z-an, XrÈqÀ)

s^an-\nÌv kuµ-cy-imkv{Xw- (F-Un.) Knskem G¡À, (]-cn-`m-j) Pm\In, tUm. sI.

tKm]n-\mYv, (_p¡v thw, XrÈqÀ)

77

Ncn-{X-¯nse s]®n-S-§Äþ civan _nt\mbv- ( tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v,

Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw)

kv{Xohntam-N-\w-þ-N-cn-{Xw-þ-kn-²m-´w-þ-k-ao-]\w- F.sI cma-Ir-jvW³, sI.-

Fw. thWp-tKm-]m-e³; (\b-\-_pIvkv, ]¿-¶qÀ)

BtKm-f-hÂ¡-cWw kv{Xoþ-{]-IrXn- hµ-\m-inh; hnh. tPmÀÖv sI.-A-eIvkv- (t^_n-

b³ _pIvkv, Be-¸pg)

kv{Xo ]T-\-§Ä- k¨n-Zm-\-µ³, ( t_m[n ]»n-jnwKv lukv, tImgn-t¡mSv)

{]W-bw, ssewKn-I-X, A[n-Im-cw - KoX, (Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ)

sân-\nkw þ1

sân-\nkw þ2; tIcf `mj C³Ìn-äyq«v , Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw

kv{XohmZw - sP. tZhnI; Un.kn _pIvkv, tIm«bw

kv{Xo k¦Â]w aebmf t\mh-enÂ - tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-bpsS apdn - shÀPn-\nbm hpÄ^v (hnh. F³. aqÊ-¡q«n, amXr-`qan

{]kn-²o-I-cWw) tNmcbpw I®ocpw \\ª hgn-IÄ, tZh-bm\n

1114sâ IY - A¡m½ sNdn-bm³

IpSpw_w kzImcy kz¯v, `c-W-IqSw F¶n-h-bpsS DÛhw- se\n³ (t{]m{K-Êohv ]»n-

t¡-j³kv, tamkvtIm, 1980)

EXp-a-Xn-IÄ¡v ]Tn-¨m-se´m- Fw.-]n. `«-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv (awK-tfm-Zbw {]Êv,

1942)

]pcp-j-·m-cn-Ãm¯ temIw- sI.-k-c-kz-Xn-b½ (hnX. tIm«-bw, F³.-_n.-Fkv, 1958)

kzmX-{ý-e-_v[n-¡p-ti-j-apÅ kv{Xokz-Xzm-hn-jvImcw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-

¯nÂ-\½psS kmln-Xyw--\-½psS kaqlw, 1901-þ2000, hmfyw þ3

A´ÀÖ\w Hcp ]T\w- hn.kn lmcn-kv (efn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀÖ\w jjvSy-_vZ-]qÀ¯nþ

BtLm-j-I-½n-än), \mj-WÂ _p¡v ÌmÄ, tIm«bw, 1969

cmP-e£van F¶ Fgp-¯p-Imcn- {]k.kn.-sF.-kn.kn _pIv lukv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw; 1996

"I®ocpw In\mhpw hntam-N-\hpw' (kv{Xo-]£ Nn´ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯nÂ) \½psS

kmlnXyw \½psS kaqlw 1901-þ2000

kv{Xo]£ am[y-a-]-T-\-§Ä- FUn. ayqkvtacn tPmÀÖv, (Idâv _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ)

Iogm-f-]-T-\-§Ä- kqkn Xmcp, tXP-kzn\n \nc-RvP\, (Un.-kn.-_pIvkv; tIm«bw)

kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-W-¯nse Znim-t_m[w- tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn, (F³.-_n.-Fkv;

tIm«bw)

Cµp-teJm ]T-\-§Ä- C.]n cmP-tKm-]m-e³ (FUn) tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Z-an, XrÈqÀ

Ct¡m sân-\n-kw, Ct¡m Sqdn-kw, amÀIvkn-kw - F³.-Fw. ]ntb-gvk¬,

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva- Sn.sI cma-N-{µ³, amXr-`qan _pIvkv

BZy-Ime h\nXm amknIm ]T-\-§Ä- Pn. {]nb-ZÀi³

Pohn-X-¯n-eq-sS- _mem-a-Wn-b½, amXr-`qan 1969

"\jvS-t_m-[-§-fn-ÃmsX' - tZhIn \ne-b-t§m-Sv

hymg-h« kvac-W-IÄ- _n.-I-Ãym-Wn-b½, awK-tfm-Zbw 1958

78

HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄþ sI.-A-PnX; Un.- kn-._pIvkv; tIm«bw 1999

Bß-I-Y-bvs¡m-capJwþ efn-Xmw-_nI A´ÀP\w

Fsâ IY- am[-hn¡p«n

sXmgnÂtI-{µ-¯n-tebv¡v- A´ÀP-\-k-amPw, FUn.-F³.-BÀ {Kma-{]-Imiv, tImgn-

t¡mSv kÀÆ-I-em-ime ]»n-t¡-j³kv Unhn-j³

AXn-Po-h-\hpw hntam-N-\hpw- hrµm-Im-cm«v- Nn´ ]»n-tjgvkv, Xncp-h-\-

´-]pcw

hnth-N-\-¯nsâ `n¶-ap-J-§Ä- Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ; tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j¯v

kv{Xo, imkv{Xw, kaqlw- FUn.-tUm.-Sn.sI B\-µn, tUm.-sI.-F³.-K-tWjv, tIcf

imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-j¯v

P\-Io-b-k-a-c-§-fnÂ ae-_m-dnsâ s]¬]m-X-IÄ- tUm.-Sn.sI B\µn,tIcf imkv{X-km-ln-

Xy-]-cn-j¯v

************

Code. MA5D03

ska-ÌÀ V

Hm¸¬ tImgvkv

Ne-¨n-{X-]-T\w ]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-¡qÀ

s{IUnäv : 4Dt±iy-e-£y-§Ä

B[p-\n-I-Im-e-L-«-§-fnse ià-amb Hcp am[y-a-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Ne-¨n-{X-I-

esb ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

kn\na F¶ Iem-cq-]-¯nsâ DÛhw, Ncn{Xw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v hnZymÀ°n-

IÄ¡v kma-\y-Úm\w Dm-hp-I.

Xnc-¡-Ym-c-N-\, kn\n-am-t«m-{Km^n, FUn-än-§v, i_vZ-te-J-\w, kwhn[m\

w XpS-§nb kn\n-a-bpsS kmt¦-Xn-I-X-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-I.

Hcp eLp-kn-\n-a/Imw-]kv ^nenw/tUmIyp-saâdn \nÀ½n-¡m-\pÅ

Xmev]cyw hnZymÀ°n-I-fnÂ Dm-¡p-I. Ne-¨n-{X-]-T-\w, Ne-¨n{X \ncq-]Ww

F¶o cq]-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sm\pw hni-I-e\w sN¿m\pw Fgp-Xm-\p-apÅ tijn

hnZymÀ°n-I-fnÂ Dm-¡p-I.

samUyqÄ 1

bqWnäv 1

kn\na F¶ Iem-cq-]-¯nsâ DÛhw-þkn-\n-a-bpsS imkv{Xob XXzw-þ-s]-gvkn-

Ì³kv Hm^v hnj³: Hcp sk¡ânÂ 24 s{^bn-ap-IÄ F¶ X¯zw. kn\na: kmt¦-Xn-I-X-bp-

ambn _Ô-s¸« Iem-cq-]w. kn\na F¶ P\-Iob am[yaw

bqWnäv 2

79

kn\n-a-bnse Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-I-Ä ^o¨Àkn-\n-a-IÄ-þ-{lkz kn\n-a-IÄ-þ-

tUm-Iyp-saâdn kn\n-a-IÄ- B\n-ta-j³ kn\n-a-IÄþ shtÌ¬ kn\n-a-IÄþ Unä-IvSohv kn\

n-a-IÄþ slmdÀ kn\n-a-IÄþ ayqkn-¡Â kn\n-a-IÄþ tImaUn kn\n-a-IÄþ »m¡v Bâv

sshäv kn\n-a-IÄ-þ-\n-È_vZ kn\n-a-IÄþ cmjv{Sob kn\n-a-IÄ-þkv{Xo {]tabw

apJy-amb kn\n-a-IÄ F¶n-§s\ kn\n-a-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«pÅ Xcw-Xn-cp-hp-Isf

Ipdn¨v kmam-\y-amb [mc-W-bp-m-I-Ww

bqWnäv 3

kn\n-a-bpsS Ncn{Xw hfÀ¨-þ-B-Zy-Ime kwhn-[m-b-IÀ, eqan-bÀ {_tZ-

gvkv, tkmhn-bäv kn\n-a-IÄ-þ-PÀ½³ FIvkv{]-j-\n-kw-þ-\n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw-þ-

{^©v \yq thhv kn\n-a-þ-k-a-Im-enI temI kn\n-a-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

Xmsg sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ kn\n-a-IÄ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]cn-N-b-

s¸-SWw

_mänÂ jn¸vt]m-Sw-In³ þ kwhn-[m\w : skÀPn sFk³Ìo³

ss_kn-¡nÄ Xohvkv þ kwhn-[m\w : hnt«m-dnb Unkn¡

NnÂ{U³ Hm^v slh³ þ kwhn-[m\w : aPoZv aPoZn

Xmsg sImSp¯ kn\n-a-IÄ hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS CjvSm-\p-k-cWw ImWm³ \nÀt±-

in-¡mw. Ah-bnÂ\n¶v ¢mkv, skan-\mÀ, t{]mPIvSv F¶nh X¿m-dm-¡m³ \nÀt±-in-

¡mw.

aZÀ þ ]ptUm-hv¡n³

]mj³ Hm^v tPm¬ Hm^v BÀ¡v

knän-k¬ sIbv³ þ HmÀk¬sh-Ãkv

emkv{SmU þ s^Ãn\n

Hm¸¬ knän þ tdmk-en\n

\k-dn³ þ eqbn-_p-\p-hÂ

shÂUv kvt{Sm_-dokv þ CwKvamÀ _ÀÜm³

dmj-tam¬ þ Ipdm-tkmh

^mc³loäv þ {^mt¦m-{Sqt^m

kn\na ]mc-ssUtkm þ Guiseppe Tornatort

ssk¢nÌv þ samlvkn³ aIvaÂ_^v

kv{]nwKv k½À ^mÄ & kv{]nwKv þ Inw.-In.-Up¡v

Zn dnt«¬ þ Andrei zyadinstar

d¬ teme-d¬ þ tSmw-ssSIvhÀ

Hm^vsskUv þ Pm^À ]\mln

F tjm«v ^nenw F_u«v InÃnwKv þ Iok temhvkv¡n

AKznsd Z dm¯v Hm^v tKmUv þ shÀWÀ slÀ tkmKv

Z emÌv s{Sbn³

80

]m³kv em_-dn´v þ Gillermo Del Toro Gomez

Z t{Käv UnIvvtS-äÀ þ NmÀfn Nm¹n³

bqWnäv 4

Cý³ kn\na: BZy-Ime kn\n-a-IÄ- kXy-Pn-Xvtd, EXzn-IvL-«Iv, arWmÄsk³

XpS-§n-b-hÀ \S-¯nb _wKmfn kn\n-a-bnse ]co-£-W-§Ä. Kncojv Imk-d-h-Ån, iymw

s_\-KÂ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kn\n-a-IÄ, kn\n-a-bnse kv{Xo {]Xn-\n-[m-\-§Ä- aocm-\

m-bÀ, A]ÀWm-sk³, Zo]-ta¯ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kn\n-a-IÄ. ka-Im-enI Xangv kn\n-

a-bnse ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ

Xmsg ]d-bp¶ kn\n-a-IÄ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-S-Ww.

taLm-[mt¡ Xmcm þ EXznIv L«¡v

anÌÀ Bâv anÊnkv A¿À þ A]ÀWm-sk³

kp{_-Ò-Wy-]pcw þ iin-Ip-amÀ

Cý³ kn\n-a-bpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-h§pw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Xmsg

sImSp-¯n-co-¡p¶ kn\n-a-IÄ ImWm\pw hne-bn-cp-¯m\pw hnZymÀ°n-I-tfmSv

\nÀt±-in-¡mw. Assk³saâv, t{]mP-IvSv, ¢mkv, skan-\mÀ F¶nh {]kvXpX kn\n-a-

Isf hne-bn-cp-¯n-sImv X¿m-dm-¡m³ \nÀt±-in-¡mw.

Nmcp-eX þ kXy-Pn-Xvtd

`qh³tjmw þ arWmÄ sk³

LS-{im² þ Kncojv Imk-d-hÅn

hm«À þ Zo]-ta¯

`qanI þ iymws_-\-KÂ

A{K-lm-c-¯nÂ IgpssX þ iymws_-\-KÂ

]cp-¯n-ho-c³ þ AaoÀ kpÂ¯m³

Hmt«m-{Km^v þ tNc³

»m¡v þ kRvPbv eoem _³kmen

I¼\n þ cmwtKm-]mÂ hÀ½

sam-UyqÄ 2

bqWnäv 1

Ne-¨n{X kt¦-X-§Ä : kmam\y ]cn-Nbw - s{^bnw, tjm«v, ko³, koIz³kv, sam-

mjv F¶nh-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ [mc-W.

bqWnäv 2

kwhn-[m-\w, kn\n-am-t«m-{Km-^n, FUn-än-§v, i_vZ-te-J-\w, Uºn§v F¶n-h-

sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kmam-\y-[m-cW

bqWnäv 3

Xnc-¡-Y, Xnc-¡-Y-bnÂ \n¶v kn\n-a-bn-te-¡pÅ amäw-hntizm-¯c Xnc-¡-Y-Isf ]

cn-N-b-s¸-SÂ, Cý³ Xnc-¡-Y-IÄ-aebmfw Xnc-¡-Y-IÄ, t\mhÂ, IY, \mSIw F¶n-h-

bnÂ \n¶pÅ A\p-hÀ¯-\-§Ä (Adaptation)

bqWnäv 4

81

tUmIyp-saân kn\n-a-IÄ, {lkz- kn-\n-a-IÄ, (Short films) ayqknIv BÂ_-

§Ä, \yqkv doÂ, B\n-ta-j³ kn\n-a-IÄ, ]cky Nn{X-§Ä, BZy-Ime tUmIyp-saâ-dn-IÄ,

tdmt_mÀ«v ^vfmlÀ«n-bpsS \m\q¡v Hm^v Zn t\mÀ¯v, s_À«v lm³kv{S-bpsS

¥mkv-hmÀ«vUn-kv\n-bpsS B\n-ta-j³ kn\n-a-IÄ, B\-µv]SvhÀ²³, Fw.F. dlvam³

XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS tUmIyp-saâ-dn-IÄ

Xmsg sImSp-¯n-co-¡p¶ tUmIyp-saâ-dn-Ifpw hoUn-tbm-Ifpw hnZymÀ°n-

Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

\m\q¡v Hm^v Zn t\mÀ¯v þ tdm_À«v ^vfmlÀ«n

¥mkv þ s_À«v lm³kv{S

kq þ s_À«v lm³kv{S

t_mws_ AhÀ knän þ B\-µv]SvhÀ²³

]IÀ¶m«w þ Fw.-BÀ. cmP³

Ipa-c-\-Ãq-cnse Ipf-§Ä þ Fw.F dlvam³

]Xn-s\-«m-as¯ B\ þ ]n.-_m-e³

]oþ-jnäv þ Aap-Z³

FÀ¯v tkm§v þ ssa¡Â PmIvk¬

^mc³ loäv 9/11 þ ssa¡Â aqÀ

B\n-ta-j³ ^nen-ap-IÄ

{]nâvUv sdbv³t_m þ KoXm-RvPen dmhp

^âm-knb 2000þ knUv\n ÌpUntbm

]cky Nn{X-§Ä

]mt¡Pv þ \yqtbmÀ¡v ^nenw s^Ìn-hÂ

samUyqÄ 3

bqWnäv 1

ae-bmf kn\na Bcw-`wþ hnK-X-Ip-am-c³, _me³, \yqkv t]¸À t_mbv XpS-§nb

BZy-Ime kn\n-a-Ifpw kwhn-[m-b-Icpw- kmam\y ]cn-N-bw.

bqWnäv 2

]n.-F³. tat\m³, cmap-Im-cym-«v, ASqÀ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³, Ac-hn-µ³, sI.Pn

tPmÀÖv XpS-§nb kwhn-[m-b-IÀ ae-bmf kn\n-a-bnÂ \S-¯nb ]co-£-W-§Ä.

tPm¬ F{_-lmw, ]ß-cm-P³, `c-X³, Sn.hn N{µ³, se\n³ cmtP-{µ³ XpS-§nb

kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS kn\n-a-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.

bqWnäv 3

P\-{]nb kn\n-a-IÄ, kwhn-[m-b-IÀþ kXy³ A´n-¡m-Sv, {io\n-hm-k³, s»Ên XpS-

§nb kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS kn\n-a-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ. ]pXp-\nc kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS

kn\n-a-IÄ.

bqWnäv 4

82

ae-bmf kn\nam \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ DÛ-hw. {][m-\-\n-cq-]-IÀ. ae-bmf

kn\n-a-bnse Zfn-Xv-þkv{XoþkhÀW {]Xn-\n-[m-\-§-fpsS cmjv{So-bs¯ Ipdn-

¨pÅ ]T-\w. A`n-t\-Xm-¡sf Ipdn-¨pÅ ]T\w.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-¯n-\mbn \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kn\n-a-IÄ

Hmfhpw Xochpw þ ]n.-F³. tat\m³

sImSn-tbäw þ ASqÀ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³

hmkvXp-lmc þ Ac-hn-µ³

ImgvN þ s»Ên

A[n-I-hm-b\ ImgvN-þ-¢mÊv/skan-\mÀ/Assk³saâv F¶n-h-bv¡mbn \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kn\n-

a-IÄ

Hcn-S¯v þ Ac-hn-µ³

Fen-¸-¯mbw þ ASqÀ

Xqhm-\-¯p-¼n-IÄ þ ]ß-cm-P³

\nÀ½meyw þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ

IÅ³ ]hn-{X³ þ ]ß-cm-P³

hS-¡p-t\m-¡n-b{´w þ {io\n-hm-k³

sshimen þ `c-X³

ssZh-¯nsâ hnIr-Xn-IÄ þ se\n³ cmtP-{µ³

IYm-h-ti-j-³ þ Sn.hn N{µ³

\mtSm-Sn-¡mäv þ kXy³ Ań-¡mSv

klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

temI-kn-\na þ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³

Cý³ kn\na þ Fw.-F^v tXmakv

ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS IY þ hnP-b-IrjvW³

25 temI-kn-\n-a-IÄ þ Pn.-]n.-cm-a-N-{µ³ (Nn´ ]»n-tj-

gvkv)

kn\n-a-bpsS CS-§Ä þ kn.hn _me-Ir-jvW³

ImgvN-bpsS Aimń þ hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW³

Ne-¨n-{X-¯nâ s]mcpÄ þ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³

kn\n-a-bpsS temIw þ ASqÀ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³

kn\n-a-bpsS hgn-bnÂ þ sF.-j¬ap-J-Zmkv

ae-ap-I-fnÂ aªp-s]-¿p¶p þ sF.-j¬ap-J-Zmkv

kn\n-abpw kwkvIm-chpw þ sI. tKm]n-\m-Y³

k©m-cn-bpsS hoSv þ sF.-j¬ap-J-Zmkv

kn\n-a-bnse ico-c-`mj þ tPmkv. sI.-am-\p-hÂ (I-dâv _pIvkv)

ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw þ a[p Cd-h-¦c

P\-{]nb kn\n-a-bpsS cmP-in-ev]n-IÄ-------þ

]ß-cm-P³ , `c-X³ þ ImhnÂ cmPv

83

Ac-hn-µsâ Ie þ H.-sI. tPmWn (t_m-[n)

^pSvt_mÄ kn\n-a-IÄ ImgvNbpw

{]Xn-\n-[m-\hpw þ a[p-P-\mÀ±-\³ (Un.-kn.-_n)

Ne-¨n-{X-]-T-\-§Ä þ FUn: ]·\ cma-N-{µ³ \mbÀ, ]n.sI

]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ kvamcI {KÙm-hen

75 Years of Malayalam Cinema DVD

A history of the cinema from its origin to 1970 - Eric Rhod (Penguin

Books)

How to read a film James Monaco

Xnc-¡-Y-IÄ þ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ

Xnc-¡-Y-IÄ þ ]ß-cm-P³

hntizm-¯c Xnc-¡-Y-IÄ þ Un.kn _pIvkv

kl-{km-_vZ-¯nsâ kn\n-a-IÄ þ frame film south

******************

Code. MA1C01ska-ÌÀ I

tImw¹n-saâdn tImgvkv

tIcf ]T-\w-þ-B-Zy-Ime tIcfw


Dt±-iy-e-£y-§Ä

4 ska-Ìp-I-fn-embn 4 tImgvkp-I-fm-bn-«mWv tIc-f-]-T\w hn`m-h\w

sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. tIc-f-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw

kmam-\y-amb [mcW hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Dm-¡p-I-bmWv e£yw. Ncn-{X-Ir-

Xn-I-tfm-sSm¸w kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ifpw kmaq-ln-I-þ-km-kw-Im-cn-I-þ-km-ln-

Xy-þ-cm-jv{Sob {]hÀ¯-I-cpsS Bß-I-Y-Ifpw Poh-N-cn-{X-§fpw HmÀ½-¡p-

dn- ¸p-Ifpw ]T-\-¯n\v klm-bI-{K-Ù-§-fmbn {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

samUyqÄ 1: kwkvImcwþ\nÀh-N-\-§Ä, kmwkvIm-cnI hr¯w F¶ k¦ev]w þ

kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ

D¨- þ \o-N-t`Zw. -

Ncn{Xw þ-\nÀh-N-\w-þ-km-[y-X-IÄ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ

Ncn-{Xhpw kwkv¡m-chpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw, hnhn[ Ncn-{X-c-N\m ]²-

Xn-IÄ

samUyqÄ 2: tIc-fw-þ-`q-an-im-kv{Xw, Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø, BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-IÄ,

tIc-tfmÂ¸-¯n-I

Y-IÄ ]cm-aÀi-apÅ IrXn-IÄ, k©m-cn-Ifpw bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-§-fpw,

84

kwkvImc Ncn-{X-c-N-\- bpsS D]m-Zm-\-km-a-{Kn-IÄ, imk-\-

§Ä, \mW-b-§Ä, ]pcm-tc-J-IÄ, {]mNo-\-

kw-kvIm-cw, Ah-in-jvS-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-Ip-dn-¨pÅ kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw

samUyqÄ 3: kwL-Im-ew-þ-kw-L-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ, Ime-\nÀ®-bw, `n¶m-

`n-{]m-b-§Ä, ]Xn-äp-¸-¯v, {][m\ cmPm-¡-·mÀ, kmaq-ly-Po-hn-Xw,

aXhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, XnW-IÄ, `uXnI kwkvIm-cw.

samUyqÄ 4: Ipe-ti-Jc km{am-Pyw-þ-a-tlm-Z-b-]p-cw, {][m-\-cm-Pm-¡-

·mÀ, sImÃ-hÀjw, `qhy-h-Ø, P·n k{¼-Zm-b-¯nsâ BhnÀ`m-hw Bcy-

{Zm-hnU k¦-e-\w, t£{X-tI-{µo-IrX `c-W-hy-h-Ø. acp-a-¡-¯m-bw,

hnhn-[-a-X-§Ä-þ-_p-²-a-Xhpw ssP\-a-Xhpwþ blq-Zþ CÉm-anI þ

ss{IkvXh aX-§-fpsS km¶n²yw. hmWn-Py-_-Ô-§Ä. _p²-ssP-\-a-X-§-

fpsS XIÀ¨. lnµp-a-X-¯nsâ \thm-°m-\w, {ioi-¦-c³, PmXnhyhØbpw tIc-

f-k-aq-l- hpw. PmXo-b-amb Iq«m-bva-Ifpw PmXn-bpsS ]c-kv]-

c-apÅ Iq«m-bva-I-fpw, {_mÒ-Wm-[n-]-Xyw.

**********

Code. MA2C02ska-ÌÀ II


tIcf ]T-\w-þ-a[y-Ime tIcfw


samUyqÄ 1: GIo-IrX km{am--Py-¯nsâ XIÀ¨-þ-Im-c-W-§Ä, \mSp-hm-gn-IÄ,

hfÀ¨ þ ]cn-anXnIÄþ {][m\ \m«p-cm-Py-§Ä

samUyqÄ 2: thWmSv kzcq]w þ hfÀ¨, hn]p-e-\w, kmaq-lnI {]Xym-Lm-Xw,

bp²-§Ä þ amÀ¯m-WvU-hÀ½ hsc.

s]cp-¼-S¸p kzcq-]w þ hfÀ¨, InS-a-Õ-c-§Ä, ]men-b-¯-Ñ³, hntZ-im-

[n-]-Xyw.

samUyqÄ 3: s\Sn-bn-cn¸v kzcq]w þ ]Ým-¯-ew, Ipªm-en-a-c-bv¡mÀ,

amam-¦w, aäv cmP-hw-i-§Ä-þ-tIm-e-¯n-cn-amcpw Ad-bv¡Â cmP-

hw-i-§fpw

85

samUyqÄ 4: Iebpw kwkvIm-c- hpw, ]m«pw aWn-{]-hm-f-hpw. tIc-fo-

b-cw-K-I-e-bpsS BhnÀ`m-hw. Iq¯v, IqSn-bm-«w, IY-I-fn, XpÅÂ,

kmkvIm-cnI kzXz-cq-]o-I-c-Ww, Ad-_n-a-e-bm-fw, am¸n-f-¸m-«p-

IÄ, sX¡³ þ hS-¡³ ]m«p-IÄ.

******************

Code. MA3C03

ska-ÌÀ III


tIcf ]T-\w-þ-A[n-\n-thiIme tIcfw


samUyqÄ 1: hntZim-[n-]Xyw C´y-bnÂ-þ-tI-c-f-¯nÂ ]mÝmXy cmjv{Sob aX

km¼-¯nI kml-N-cyw. t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS hc-hv-þ-B-[n-]-Xyhpw

XIÀ¨-bpw-þU¨v B[n-]Xy {iaw þ XIÀ¨-þ-{^©v A[n-\n-th-i-§Ä.

samUyqÄ 2: aXhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, tlmÀ¯qkv ae-_m-dn-¡p-kv, DZ-bw-t]-

cqÀ kq\-l-tZm-kv, Iq\³ Ipcnip Iem-]w, anj-Wdn {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä þ `mjm

{]À¯-\-§Ä, A¨-Sn-bp-sSbpw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n-sâbpw XpS-¡w.

samUyqÄ 3: {_n«ojv B[n-]-Xyw, hnhn-[-bp-²-§Ä, Iem-]-§Ä, ]g-Èn-I-em-]-

§Ä, ssakqÀ

B{I-a-Ww, ae-_mÀ Iem-]w, \mSp-hm-gn-¯-¯n-sâbpw \m«p-cm-Py-

§-fp-sSbpw XIÀ¨.

samUyqÄ 4: tZiob {]Øm-\-§Ä, sImtfm-Wn-bÂ hnt[-b-Xzw, tIc-f-¯nsâ B[p-\

n-I-hÂ¡-c-Ww, hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\w, tlmwdqÄ

{]Øm-\w, IÀjI {]Øm-\-§-fpw ka-c-§-fpw, Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ tÌäv

tIm¬{K-Êv, ssh¡w þ Kpcp-hmbqÀ kXym-{K-l-§Ä, Jnem-^¯v {]Øm-\

w, ae-_m-dnse tZiob {]Øm-\-§Ä, sFIy tIc-fw.

***********

86

Code. MA4C04

ska-ÌÀ IV


tIcf ]T-\w-þ-B[p-\nI tIcfw


samUyqÄ 1: tIc-fob \thm-°m-\w, \thm-°m\w F¶ kw{]-Xy-bw-þ-]m-Ým-

Xy-\-thm-°m-\w-þ-\-thm-°m\ Nn´-bpsS hym]-\w kmln-Xyw, Ie,

Ncn-{X-t_m-[w, \nb-a-\nÀ½mWw, \oXn \nÀÆ-lWw F¶o cwK-§-

fnÂ, \mSp-hm-gn¯ kaq-l-¯nÂ \n¶v knhn-en-b³ kaq-l-¯n-te-bv¡v.

samUyqÄ 2: kmaqly ]cn-jvI-cW {]Øm-\-§Ä, hyàn-IÄ, kwL-S-\-IÄ, tbmK-t£-

a-k-`,F³. Fkv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F³.-Un.]n XpS-§nb kwL-S-\-IÄ, A¿-¦m-fn,

N«-¼n kzman-IÄ, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³, hn.Sn `«-

Xn-cn-¸m-Sv, a¶¯v ]ß-\m`³ apX-em-b-hÀ, hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä,

Nm¶mÀ el-f, ]menbw ka-cw, t£{X {]th-i\ hnfw-_-cw.

samUyqÄ 3: ka-c-§-fpw apt¶-ä§fpw þCu-gh sat½m-dn-bepw ae-bmfn

sat½m-dn-b-epw, IÀjI Iem-]-§Ä, tIm¬{K-Êv-þ-I-½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n-I-

fpsS {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, {KÙ-ime {]Øm-\w, Iem kmlnXy cmjv{Sob cwK-§-

fnse kwL-S-\-IÄ, {]Øm-\-§Ä, Øm]-\-§Ä, `q]-cnjvI-cW \nb-a-§Ä,

ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, hnZym-`ym-k-_nÂ

samUyqÄ 4: ]pXnb tIc-fw, Bkq-{XnX hnI-k\w þ hyh-kmbhÂ¡-c-Ww-þ-ap-

¶Wn `c-W-Iq-S-§Ä-þ-]-cn-an-Xn-IÄ, ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bnse XIÀ¨, ]©-h-

Õ-c-]-²-Xn-IÄ, tIcf hnI-k\ amXr-Iþ km[y-Xbpw ]cnanXn-bpw, km£-

cXm {]hÀ¯-\w, A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-Ww, tIc-f-hn-I-k\ ]²-Xn,

ZenXv apt¶-ä-§Ä, kv{Xo imào-I-cWw þap-t¶-ä-§Ä, IpSn-tb-ähpw

{]hm-k-hpw.

****************

87

klm-b-{K-Ù-§Ä

cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ-þ-cm-P³ Kpcp-¡Ä þ tIcf Ncn{Xw

tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³.]n.sI þ tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn{Xw

Zmtam-Z-c³.sI þ tIcf Ncn{Xw

{io[-c-ta-t\m³.F þ tIcf Ncn-{Xw, kwkvImcw

KtWjv sI.-F³ þ tIc-f-¯nsâ C¶-se-IÄ

cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ.-Fw.-BÀ þ a²y-Ime tIc-fw, k¼-¯v, kaqlw

kwkvImcw

_me-Ir-jvW³.-]n.sI þ PmXn-hy-h-Øbpw tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw

C.-Fw.-Fkv þ tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan

þ tIc-f-¯nsâ tZiob {]Øm\w

Ipª³ ]nÅ, Cfw-Ipfw þ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ \mgn-I¡-Ãp-IÄ

D®p-\oen ktµiw Ncn{X ZrjvSnbnÂ

P·n k{¼-Zmbw tIc-f-¯nÂ

D®p-\oen ktµiw Ah-Xm-cnI

emem-Xn-e-Iw, BapJ ]T\w

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j¯v þ tIcf ]T\w

tKmhn-µ-]n-Å.]n þ tIc-f-¯nsâ kthm-°m\w

tXmakv ]n.sP þ ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-

Ifpw

tXmakv sFkIv þ tIcfw a®pw a\p-jy\pw

\¼q-Xn-cn F³.Fw þ tImgn-t¡m-Snsâ IY

kmaq-Xncn Ncn-{X-¯nse ImWm-¸p-

d-§Ä

\mcm-b-W³ Fw.-Pn.-Fkv þ tIcf Ncn-{X-¯nse ASn-Øm\ ine-IÄ

hk-´³ Fkv.sI þ \½Ä \S¶ hgn-IÄ

tIcf Ncn{X hnÚm-\-tImiw

them-bp-[³ ]Wn-¡-tÈcn þ k©m-cn-Ifpw tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw

hmWn-bw-Ipfw {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw

IS-¯-\m«v {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw

s]cp-¼-S¸v/ht¶cn tZi-N-cn{Xw

tIc-f-¯nse {KÙ-imem {]Øm\w þ sÌ]vkv

tIcf Iem-a-WvUew Ncn{Xw þ eoe \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv

\½psS kmln-Xyw, \½psS kaqlw þ tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan

Bß-I-Y-IÄ

Ignª Imew þ sI.-]n. tIi-h-tam-t\m³

Jnem-^¯v kvac-W-IÄ þ samgn-Ip¶w

88

Fsâ \mSp-I-S-¯Â þ kztZ-im-`n-am\n

hymg-h« kvac-W-IÄ þ _n. Ieym-Wn-b½

Ac-\q-ämv þ ]n.-\m-cm-b-W³ \mbÀ

Bß-IY þ C.-Fw.-Fkv

Fsâ PohnX IY þ G.-sI.Pn

Fsâ IpXn¸pw InX¸pw þ ^mZÀ hS-¡³

I®ocpw In\mhpw þ hn.Sn

Pohn-X-¸mX þ sNdp-ImSv

sImgnª Ce-IÄ þ tPmk^v ap-tÈcn

Hfn-hnse HmÀ½-IÄ þ tXm¸nÂ `mkn

]pXp-¸Ån cmL-hsâ Bß-IY þ ]pXp-¸Ån

hnhn[ Poh Ncn-{X-§Ä

taÂ]-dª IrXn-IÄ hmbn¨v skan-\mÀ t]¸À X¿m-dm-¡Ww.

kne-_Êv Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn XoÀ¡p-¶-Xn\v Assk³saâv, skan-\mÀ F¶nh {]tbm-P-\-

s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

skan-\mÀ/Assk³saâv

tIc-f-¯nsâ Imem-hØ þIrjnþkmaqly PohnXwþ Imem-hØ hyXn-bm\w þIrjnþ-

tXm-«-hn-f-IÄþkm-aqly PohnXw þkz`mhw þ\mWy-hn-f-IÄþ`-t£ym-ev]m-Z\w þ

hyh-kmb hev¡-c-Whpw Irjnbpw

kwL-km-lnXywþ IrXn-IÄ, Fgp-¯p-ImÀ, XnW-k-¦-ev]hpw Imhy Pohn-Xhpw

kmlnXy IrXn Ncn-{X-¯nsâ D]m-Zm\w F¶ \ne-bnÂ.

a²y-Ime tIcfw þtemI-N-co-{X-¯nse a²y-Im-e-L« k¦Â]w, Ccp-f-Sª Imew F¶ \nK-a\

w icn-tbm, atlm-Z-b-]pcw þsImSp-§-ÃqÀ.

tImf-\o-I-cWwþ ]gb k¦-ev]-§Ä, PohnX bmYmÀ°y-§Ä, ]pXnb ImgvN-IÄþ kmln-

Xy-¯nÂ, Ncn-{X-¯nÂ, kmaq-lnI t_m[-¯nÂ.

A]-tIm-f-\o-I-c-Wwþ Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-§Ä, kzm[o-\-§Ä

{]mtZ-inI Ncn-{X-c-N\þ {]mtZ-InI Ie-IÄ, DÂk-hw, BNm-c-\p-jvTm-\-§Äþ]-T\w

***************

89

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