upper long lake improvement...
TRANSCRIPT
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Upper Long Lake Improvement Study
By: Restorative Lake Sciences
November, 2014
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Upper Long Lake Depth
Contours
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Upper Long Lake Bottom
Hardness
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Upper Long Lake Soils
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Upper Long Lake Immediate
Watershed
• 900 acres
• Watershed is 7.4X lake
size = small to
moderate watershed =
moderate pollution
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Upper Long Lake Invasive
Bi-valves
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Upper Long Lake Water
Quality Sampling Locations
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Upper Long Lake Water
Quality Data (July, 2014)
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Upper Long Lake Sediment
Data (July, 2014)
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Upper Long Lake Invasive
Species
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Upper Long Lake Invasive
Species
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Hybrid Watermilfoil
(Eurasian Watermilfoil + Native
Watermilfoil)
Grows thicker, wider, faster than EWM
and is VERY TOLERANT to herbicides!
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EWM Overgrowth in Other Lakes:
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Upper Long Lake Milfoil
Distribution
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Upper Long Lake Starry
Stonewort Distribution
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Upper Long Lake Invasive
Curly-leaf Distribution
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Upper Long Lake Emergent
Invasive Distribution
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Upper Long Lake Aquatic
Vegetation Biovolume
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Upper Long Lake Native
Aquatic Plants
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What Happens if We Kill Too Much
Vegetation ?
Toxic Blue-green algae
bloom, Spring Lake,
Ottawa County, MI
Lake may not be able to
break down plant matter
fast enough
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What Will Happen If We Do
Nothing?
• EWM will displace native
aquatic plant species
• Fishery will decline in
quantity and quality
• Excessive die-off of
massive EWM beds will
cause major declines in
water quality parameters
• Hydrilla or other species
may invade and further
destroy the lake
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Laminar Flow Aeration Components
End-on view:
non-turbulent
flow
Ceramic diffuser
head and anchor
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CASE STUDIES OF AERATION ON
MILFOIL REDUCTION AND SEDIMENT
NUTRIENT REDUCTION IN OTHER
MICHIGAN LAKES
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EWM Reduction of 80 acres with
LFA
Pickerel Lake, 2013 Pickerel Lake, 2014
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Design courtesy of
Clean-Flo, Inc. &
Lake Savers
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Changes in South Basin WQ before
and after Inversion Oxygenation
Date Water Column
DO
(mg/l)
Sediment
DO
(mg L-1)
Redox
Potential
(mV)
Nov 11, 2010
Nov 13, 2013
10.9± 1.2
11.9± 0.6
0.33±0.6
6.5±0.9**
-69.8±27
30.2±9.6**
** Statistically significant
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Changes in South Basin Sediments before
and after Inversion Oxygenation
Date Sediment
NH3+
(mg/kg)
Sediment
Nitrate + Nitrite
(mg/kg)
Nov 11, 2010
Nov 13, 2013
331±97
192±52**
37.5±59
3.5±0.1**
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Conclusions
• No significant differences in water column DO (due to shallow depths)
• Significant differences in water column redox potential (oxidative state post-aeration)
• Significant differences in sediment DO post-aeration (increase)
• Significant differences in both sediment ammonia and nitrate/nitrite (both decreased)
• This data set yields insight into inversion oxygenation mechanism
• Observed changes in sediments may also explain reduction in ammonia-loving aquatic vegetation (i.e. milfoil)
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Mechanical Harvesting
Benefits of Harvesting
• Removes some plant
debris and associated
organic nutrient
• Can reduce need for
herbicides but is
generalist
• Should not be used on
species that fragment
Limitations of Harvesting
• Can increase biomass of
fragment-producers
• Does not exclude need
for treatments in “high-
maintenance” lakes
• Can create floating debris
• May need to be repeated
in single season due to
re-growth
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Chemical Herbicides
• Applied to both exotic and native aquatic plants
• Most commonly used: 2,4-D, Reward, Triclopyr, Fluridone, Aquathol-K, CuSO4, Glyphosate
• Requires MDEQ permit; residue sampling may be required (i.e. Triclopyr, Fluridone)
• Shallow well restrictions, swimming restrictions, watering restrictions-Notifications required
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Biological Control: Weevil
Benefits
• Non-chemical agent
• Self-propagating
• Fast turn over rate on life
cycle within a given
season
• No strong evidence of
fishery predation
Limitations
• Uncertainty exists on
stocking density needs
• Stocking density needs
may be highly site-
specific
• May not be able to keep
up with fast growth rate of
EWM growth
• Response to hybrid
strains of milfoil??
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2015-2019
Recommendations
• Treat existing EWM with Triclopyr granular or liquid
with adjuvant (proposed to be mid May-mid June)
in 2015
• Harvest 3-4 weeks post-treatment to remove dead
EWM biomass
• Install LFA aeration system and use
enzymes/bacteria to reduce the muck that is
feeding the EWM (mostly ammonia and nitrate)
• Implement oversight and monitoring program (RLS)
along with community education project
• Restoration instead of stagnant management