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KUKAN’s WISDOM IAS
UPSC
CURRENT AFFAIRS
(January and February - 2020)-VOLUME - 3
MONTHLY HINDU SHORT NOTES
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9075003344 / 8983116644
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. POLITY & GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL ISSUES &
HEALTH .................................................... 5
SWACHH SURVEKSHAN .............................................5
TUSSLE OVER BELGAVI ...............................................5
A CASE FOR INCLUDING TULU IN THE 8TH SCHEDULE ...6
NCRB ........................................................................6
OCI – 34 LAKH OCI CARD ISSUED ...............................7
PRIVATE PROPERTY IS HUMAN RIGHT – SC VS
HIMACHAL PRADESH .................................................7
SC NOT REVIEW SABARIMALA CASE, TO EXAMINE
LARGER ISSUES ..........................................................8
BRU REFUGEES ..........................................................9
DEATH SENTENCE FOR RAPE – MURDER IN 2019
HIGHEST IN 4 YEARS – NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY
(NLU) REPORT (DELHI). ..............................................9
COLUMN ON – KASHMIRI PANDITS ............................9
GLOBAL DEMOCRACY INDEX - 2019 ......................... 10
ENDING INACTION IN ANTIDEFECTION ..................... 11
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX – 2019 ................. 11
CENTRE REFUSES TO GIVE MORE FUNDS TO KERALA
FOR FLOOD RELIEF ................................................... 12
NATIONAL VOTERS DAY ........................................... 12
LONG ROAD TO JOY FOR THESE ADOPTED CHILDREN 12
CRIME AND POLITICS ............................................... 13
CABINET NOD FOR RAISING ABORTION LIMIT TO 24
WEEKS .................................................................... 13
NOTA – MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEN AN
EMPOWERING OPTION ............................................ 14
ASSAM – MIZORAM FRESH BORDER ROW ................ 14
PRESIDENT GIVES NOD FOR DELIMITATION IN NE
STATES .................................................................... 15
CENTRE WORKING ON EXCLUSIVE BODY FOR RIVER
LINKING PROJECTS .................................................. 16
HEALTH EMERGENCY – POLIO .................................. 17
POLICY ON RARE DISEASES – ‘ANOTHER PIECE OF
PAPER’ .................................................................... 17
CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK – BEIJING ...................... 18
ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (API) ......... 19
ASSAM ACCORD CLAUSE 6 ...................................... 19
ELECTORAL BONDS ................................................. 19
LAST NDFB FACTION IN ASSAM PACT ...................... 20
2. ENVIRONMENT ..................................... 22
AUSTRALIA’S DEADLY WILDFIRES ............................ 22
KERAL TO TAKE MORE COVER UNDER (MIYAWAKI
FOREST) .................................................................. 22
2019 WAS 7TH WARMEST YEAR SINCE 1901 .............. 22
FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE .............................. 23
INSCRIPTIONS CONFIRM PRESENCE OF TWO
MEDIEVAL MONASTERIES AT MAGHALMARI (WB) ... 23
10 MORE WETLANDS IN INDIA DECLARED AS RAMSAR
SITES ...................................................................... 24
EIA ......................................................................... 25
AFRICAN CHEETAHS TO PROWL INDIAN FORESTS
(ASIATIC CHEETAHS) ............................................... 25
ARUNACHAL PRADESH – NEW HIGHWAY THREATENS
TIGER TERRITORY .................................................... 27
RUSHIKULYA ROOKERY ALL SET TO WELCOME OLIVE
RIDLEYS .................................................................. 28
WHO, UNICEF – LANCET : REPORT ON PROTECTION OF
CHILDREN ............................................................... 28
PM MAN KI BAAT – (BIODIVERSITY, YUVIKA Etc) ...... 29
STONE CHARIOT AT HAMPI ..................................... 29
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EASTERN GHATS OF
INDIA ..................................................................... 29
CHEETAHS – BIG CHALLENGE ................................... 30
INDIA IS HOST 457 MIGRATORY FAUNA – LATEST CMS
LIST ........................................................................ 30
BLACK CARBON LEVELS SPIKE AT HIMALAYAN
GLACIERS ................................................................ 31
3. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS .................. 32
OMAN SULTANS DEATH .......................................... 32
RAISINA DIALOGUE ................................................. 32
INDIA TO INVITE IMRAN KHAN FOR SCO .................. 33
BROAD BASED TRADE INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
(BTIA) ..................................................................... 33
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PUTINS PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN
RUSSIA .................................................................... 34
SAGARMATHA DIALOGUE ........................................ 35
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ......................... 35
BLACK AND GREY LIST.............................................. 36
LIBYA INTERNAL CONFLICTS (CIVIL WAR ) ................ 36
TRUMPS PACE PLAN ................................................ 37
BLUE DOT NETWORK ............................................... 38
INDIA TO CARRY OUT PROJECTS IN RAKHINE ............ 38
UN OHCHR .............................................................. 39
MILAN NAVAL EXERCISE POSTPONED ...................... 39
4. ECONOMY, AGRICULTURES, SCHEMES ... 40
UJJWALA YOJANA ................................................... 40
ICRA TO SET UP ‘FARMERS INNOVATION FUND’ ....... 40
CABINET NOD FOR FDI IN COAL MINING .................. 40
GREEN NOD FOR OIL, GAS EXPLORATION WAIVED ... 41
FUND CRUNCH HITS MGNREGA SCHEME .................. 41
AIR INDIA - GOI PUTS 100 % STAKE ON THE TABLE .... 43
NATIONAL TECHNICAL TEXTILE MISSION .................. 44
CORONA VIRUS INFECTS GLOBAL MARKETS ............. 44
INDIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND .......................... 45
PM KISAN ............................................................... 45
5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY .. 47
INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS .................................... 47
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT CENTRE OF ISRO .................. 47
SARAS .................................................................... 47
HC (MADRAS) ASK CENTRE TO HELP LSD PATIENTS –
LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS .......................... 48
NEW SATELLITES WILL HELP GAGANYAN CREW
(INDIAN DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (IDRSS) ..... 48
NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ............................. 49
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE ............................................ 49
REGULATION OF DRONES IN INDIA .......................... 49
GSAT – 30 GIVES INDIA A COMMUNICATION BOOST 50
THIRTY METRE TELESCOPE SHIFTED OUT OF
PROPOSED SITE ...................................................... 50
VYOM WOMEN ....................................................... 50
HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY ..................................... 51
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1. POLITY & GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL ISSUES &
HEALTH
SWACHH SURVEKSHAN
SBM – 2016
QCI – to evaluate and rank Indian cities to incentivize states and urban bodies
- Scientific waste management
- Cleanliness & hygiene
- Good and efficient sanitation
This survey is more about related to incentives
But failed the root causes – waste management
Sanitation and public Health is under State list.
Implementation – municipalities – Responsible for – Sanitation cleanliness public
Health
But failed – waste management in India.
Edition said – this is only related too „perception management‟ Rewards and Incentives –
But fail to waste management
4th
Jan 2020 – Ministry of Urban Affairs – Next phase begins
Asking ministry – to create large scale waste management Infra – Solid, Municipal,
Hazardous, electronic etc.
Synergy between all levels
Legal requirements – collection – segregation and processing
Transparent audits
2020 Edition
A Survekshan – Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs
Ambitious Targets – 100% safe deposit waste in cities
Complete fecal sludge management
Wastewater treatment & reuse facilities
Along with survekhsan – Evolution, Ranking, Incentives – long term investment
Around world
Circular Economy concept
Resources are recovered, Reuse and Recycled from waste.
It is treated as resource.
In India – such needed.
TUSSLE OVER BELGAVI
Dilemma – Administrative, Cultural/linguistic – Committee.
1948 – S.K. Dhar – Administrative efficiency.
JVP Committee – also Rejected – linguistic basis.
Death a Potti Sriramalu –for separate Andhra
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Therefore Fazal Ali commission – 1953
Kerala, TN, Karnataka
, AP/Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat – New Map – Linguistic Identity
State Reorganization Act 1956 – Madras Part – given to Karnataka
Gujarat taken out -changed political map of India
Borders not accepted to many – ex. Belgavi given to Karnataka – more Karnataka
speaking but Marathi agitation continues
Undivided Bombay Presidency
Four current Districts – Belgao, Uttar Kannad, Dharwad, Bijapur
Centers committee – CJI Meher Chand Mahajan in 1966 – Submitted 1972 Report
– Maharashtra Claim Rejected
260 village, given to Maharashtra
256 village, given Karnataka.
Maharashtra Reject – notified section 21 (2B) – State Reorganization Act 1956
Maharashtra – against will of people all land + Revenue Record maintain in
Marrathi. Therefore Historical its part of Maharashtra.
But accepted by Karnataka (SRA)
A CASE FOR INCLUDING TULU IN THE 8TH
SCHEDULE
Official language already 22
Tula - Dravidian, Coasted area of Karnataka, Kerala – Kasaregod District,
Dakshina Kannada – District, Udupi - Saptbhasha Sangam Bhumi
Tulu speaking – constitute – linguistic minority – under Article 29
FD - To protect launguage Script, Culture.
2001 Census – 1.8 million speaks – (Manipuri Sanskrit) already in 8th
Schedule
State can promote social
inclusion
NCRB
Annual crime in India Report 2018
Two Reports in Span of 2 Months
Women safety – Crime Against women , UP Top‟s the list
Suicides – most neglected sector – mental Health case
Daily wage Earners - % share in total – 22.4%
Disproportionate Impact on Weaker section especial daily wage Earners.
Crime data – social picture – weaker section always at receiving end.
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OCI – 34 LAKH OCI CARD ISSUED
Any citizen once held Indian Passport called OCI
Except Bangladesh/ Pak – following
Entitled to some rights in India
No voting rights
Advantages
Visa free – travel
Participate in Business
In Agri – (Available to NRI).
Buy Agri Property.
Who decides
MoH – decides citizenship + OCI
Can be reject also.
PRIVATE PROPERTY IS HUMAN RIGHT – SC VS
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Two types of Doctrines
1) Doctrine of Eminent Domain &
2) Doctrine of Adverse Possession.
1) Doctrine of Eminent Domain
Under this power – govt can take such private property for „Public Purpose‟
2) Doctrine of Advance Possession.
ex. Private owner – Original owner not known ,but over a period of time after 12
years – this property in become the one who are using it – because original owner
not files a case
therefore any person who not the original owner becomes the Original owner
Original constitution of India – Before the Amendment
FD – Article – 19 as well as Article 31.
Acquire, hold on transmitted to future generation
Also right to dispose (i.e. sell)
There is Article 31 in original constitution, No person shall be deprived by property
until there is procedure that is laid by law.
Chang after 44th
Amendment 1978
What happens - FD Vs constitutional right
FD – Direct go to SC , Constitutional Right – go by hierarchy of courts
Current – it‟s not FD – now it‟s constitutional or legal right – under Article 300 A.
Why this in news now
There is old leady – old Property in HP back in 1967/68, (piece of land) – acquire
by HP govt for construct the road – force fully acquire
She does not know – compensation to pay govt.
SC says – pay by state to this old leady,
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states argument, Doctrine of advance possession but SC said you have no evidence
of legally acquiring this land.
SC invokes Article 142 of constitution – powers given to SC of India – (to pay
compensation for this leady).
Private property – is a constitutional right/legal right.
SC NOT REVIEW SABARIMALA CASE, TO EXAMINE
LARGER ISSUES
Nine judge constitution bench
Objective
Not review Sabrimala women entry case but to examine the larger issues of law out
of religious practices in conflict with the constitution.
Sabrimala Case
Constitution validity – entry of women in to menstrual age in to the temple.
In 2018 – SC– lifted the Ban.
Article 14 (Prohibits discrimination under grounds of Gender)
Article – 25 freedom to prefer / practice religion.
This ban unconstitutional
This judgment challenged by other petitioners
Under Article 26 – Right to mange religious affairs ,Essential religious Practice
Seeking Review – then Five Judge constitutional bench in Nov 2019 – observed
need an authoritative pronouncement of large Bench.
During same period other petitions of other Religions
1) Ban of entry of women into Darga‟s & Mosque
2) Female genital mutilation practice under daudi Bohra community
3) Ban on entry of Parsi women into fire temple if they married outside there
community.
Therefore five Judge Bench decided this matter to larger Bench
SC constituted – Nine Judge Bench – this larger Bench need to frame answer of
questions – given by five Judge Bench
1) What should be interplay between Article 25 / Article 26 Vs Right to equality under
14 (few are discriminatory in nature).
2) Meaning of terms public order morality and health under 25 (1) – interpret this
terms. Not an absolute – Reasonable Restrictions ex. Parsi/Dawdi bohra/ Muslim
women.
3) Morality – interference to preamble or limited to Religious Beliefs and faiths
4) At what extent court extends Religious Practices, Religious Beliefs
Shirur Mutt Judgment in 1954 (SC – Judgment says that “Essentiality of religious
practices should be decided in accordance with the religious doctrines of each
faith”.This Judgment reduces the essentiality of courts.
Therefore Judicial review denied under Religious essentiality but as per Article 25
clause 2 (a) – for state Review available related with economic, financial Political
practice.
But now shirur Mutt Judgment in question
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5) Meaning of expression Hindu – Article (2) (b)
6) Should essential practices deserve constitutional protection under Article 26
7) PIC – challenging Religious practices – if they are filed by third person who are not
the member of that particular religion.
BRU REFUGEES
34000 Bru refugees to be settle in Tripura
Riang - largest Ethnic – Mizoram – in 1997 violence by Mizoram – leave to
„Tripura‟ – Triapitariate agreement in 2018
Asking them go back to Mizoram.
But they scared for the life.
Therefore only 328 – started moving – Tripura
Rest reluctant to go Mizoram
Centre solution – quadripartite Pact
Centre – redy to provide package 600 crores ,one time assistance – 4 lakh
40/30 feet plot of land.
aid 5000 rs in next two years
Free ration + 1.5 lakh to build houses
Tripura govt. – identified land to settle them.
All Political Rights + Tribal Status.
DEATH SENTENCE FOR RAPE – MURDER IN 2019
HIGHEST IN 4 YEARS – NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY
(NLU) REPORT (DELHI).
Project 39 A – To understand Indian Criminal Justice system.
Statistical evidence – 2019 – 102 death penalty imposed by lower courts
162 – 2018, 108/207, 150 – 2016
In 2019 – 53% - Related with murder involving sexual offence, 2018 – 41%, 2017
– 40%, 2016 – 18%
Children‟s victims – 40 out of 53 sexual offence in 2019 – 74% (40 cases) age
below12,
3% (3 cases) Age – 12-18 and 20% (Above 18 ) 11cases.
Most Death – Rajasthan – 13, UP -12
COLUMN ON – KASHMIRI PANDITS
Hindus – Saraswat Brahmins
Ethnic minority in Muslim dominated Kashmir Valley
During 19th
& 20th
century – favored „Dogra Rule‟ because of their Intellectuality –
supports Royal by Dogra Dynasty
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Live peacefully with Muslims communal harmony – destroyed after breakout of
militancy
With support of Pak – between 1985 -1990 – Ethnic cleansing – few died.
19th
Jan 1990 – final warming – from Radical jihadist ,Broadcasted public
messages – warning – convert – get killed.
Many Leaves Valley – Referred
as “Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits” and became IOPS – Internally displaced people.
Therefore rehabilitated in Jammu, Punjab Delhi, Haryana etc.
Lost property, homes, livelihood.
Today spread around USA, Europe, Australia etc. therefore there rate of literacy
Liberal + Moderate – law abiding
Historical Injustice – by facilitating Kashmir Valley – provide rehabilitations
Hardly – 600 families behind there – lack in facilities
Secure them with adequate reservation and benefits
Therefore peace in valley.
GLOBAL DEMOCRACY INDEX - 2019
India drags 10 places –Year a year – by the ‘Economist Intelligence Unit’
UK based company – owned by – Economist news paper
From 2006
2019 – 167 countries – State of Democracy Report
Five Categories
1. Electoral Pluralism
2. Government
3. Political participation
4. Civil liberties
5. Political culture
Score between 0 to 10 – rank accordingly.
In 2018 – 7.23, In 2019 – 6.9 - fallen – lowest since – 2006 – drop 10 places
Ranked 51st position in 2019
Primarily – Erosion of civil liberty Section 144, Internet movement (Article 370,
35A, NRC Assam, CAA, etc.)
In Flawed Democracy Category with USA and 52 others
free and fair elections + Basic civil liberties but there is weakness in governance –
underdeveloped political culture frequency violets Rights
Around the world general weakness
Pretests – Latin America, Sub-Saharan, Middle East, North Africa, Asia.
Hong kong, Iran, Africa, Chile etc.
Authoritarian government curbs Rights
22 countries in fall democracy category
54 – Authoritarian
54 – Flawed (India + USA).
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ENDING INACTION IN ANTIDEFECTION
SC seeking – power of speaker – Disqualification – defection
1) To – permanent „Quasi Judicial Tribunal‟
2) Court – time frame – speaker – on defection
10th schedule discretionary power on defection., Constitution – expects – office of
speaker „Impartial‟
Most cases – ruling party gets benefitted – speaker fail to impartiality.
He is also member of Ruling party.
This trend – noted by SC – direct parliament to amend 10th
schedule
In 2016 Referral – constitution bench – weather the courts have powers to frame a
time frame – to decide disqualification.
PIL
No time frame provided for speaker
Also states that courts can‟t intervene until speakers take decisions.
Protected Judicial review in earlier but – In 1992 – Kihoto Hollohan case – SC
refers to bench – latest Judgment – courts have the power and fix time frame
New window for judicial intervention – if speaker refused to Act.
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX – 2019
By Transparency International – Global NGO – Berlin, Germany
Established In 1993 – to combat corruption
launched this index in 1995 & sine them annually.
Perceived
levels of corruption in the public sector
180 countries
Scale 0 to 100 – 0 highly corrupt, 100 highly clean.
India corrupt – 41 score (Rank 80) – slip two positions (last time Rank - 78)
Three areas weakening fight against corruption
Unfair political financing – electoral Bonds, non disclosure of political funding
under RTI
Lobbying by powerful corporate.
China 80th
Rank
Brazil – 10th
In Asia Pacific Region
Stagnation in the fight against corruption, Because tremendous economic growth,
collusion between political parties and corporate – China, Indonesia, Vietnam
struggling to corruption
Top in the list –
Denmark /N2 – 1st
Finland / Singapore
Sweden
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CENTRE REFUSES TO GIVE MORE FUNDS TO KERALA
FOR FLOOD RELIEF
Additional 3000 crore from
NDRF to State Response fund in 2018 then in 2019 floods – demanding another
2000 crore, But rejected because – Kerala not provided utilization certificates for
previously allotted funds
NDMA Act 2005
Two types of funds 1) NDRF 2) SDRF (this money only for immediate relief
operations) Search + Rescue , first Aid, food/clothing/shelter etc.
For this separate fund National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF), SDMF (states)
yet to be set up {cannot be used for compensation, rehabilitation, reconstruction
.
NDRF + SDRF – part of public account. Not the consolidated fund
Financing of NDRF – dedicated cess distributed to states from Grant in Aid by
finance commission (Study the vulnerability and based on that make as formula of
allocation).
States also allow to raise there funds up to 10% of SDRF
Therefore majority comes from centre – for immigrate operations
What happens if state runs out money in SDRF (this situation occurs when natural
calamity of severe nature).
In this case get funds from NDRF but condition is ,SDRF should have been
exhausted & state convince the center that previously allocated fund have been
spend by submitting utilization certificates.
NATIONAL VOTERS DAY
Since 2011
25th
Jan 1950 – Establishment of election commission of India.
70 years.
LONG ROAD TO JOY FOR THESE ADOPTED CHILDREN
CARA – Central Adoption Resource Authority – Statutory Body. Ministry of
women and child development
Monitor + Regulated – In Country , Inter Country adoptions
Deals with inter country adoptions in accordance with provisions of Hague
convention on Inter country Adoption 1993
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CRIME AND POLITICS
Criminals – funds candidates
Them they realize why should we not contest elections called criminalization of
politics – Law breakers now law makers
Various SC orders issued some decline but this judgments are just little.
Section 8 clause by of RPA – 1951
Government conduct of all elections – State, Centre.
If – convicted – any court of law – 2 years or more -3 month window provided –
HC – if guilty then for more than 2 years – disqualified.
Again 3 month window provide to approach SC – but its time consuming
Petition was filed – Lily Thomas vs Union
of India 2013 8(4) clause – goes against the idea of political justice which is part of
preamble.
Then now onwards on the date of conviction if convicted in any court more than 2
years then immediately disqualified. ex. Lalu – fodder Scam, Jaylalitha etc. (3
month window)
SC in 2014 – ask – centre – all pending case -all trials complete in 1 years.
2017 – SC – ask centre – frame scheme – for all criminal cases special court should
set up.
Current LS – 56% members criminal ,29% heinous charges
Now ECI– petition – SC – direct political parties to filled candidate of criminal past
Should these politician bared – two Arguments.
1) Why should bar – people know in nomination papers so its problem of public
2) If Multiple candidates in constituently – if all there have criminal past then
people not provided with options.
Need of law need of the hour.
CABINET NOD FOR RAISING ABORTION LIMIT TO 24
WEEKS
Petition file in Gujarat HC – by gang rape victim – 7 month pregnant
HC – denied affect both women and child.
Since 1971- medical Termination of pregnancy Act 1971 legal in India
To this Act – can be performed – 20th
week of Pregnancy – can be divided in to two
periods Up to 12 and up to 12 to 20 week. Only single doctors opinion concerned
Condition of abortions
Health is endangered.
Fetus substantial risk physical or mental handicap.
Result of Rape
A woman‟s socioeconomic status may hamper of healthy pregnancy – only up to
20 week.
Demands – enhance till 24 Or 27 week
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Bill tabled in Budget Session In 2008 Mumbai – HC – allow a abortion of 26
week fetus – this fetus Diagnosed with heart defect – He may not survive or go
severe medical complications.
Two legitimate reasons
1) Earlier law passed in 1971 now Ultrasound science advanced , MRI. Health
accurately.
2) 2nd
reason – If you don‟t allow legally – then people allow QUACKS – endangered
Health of women.
NOTA – MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEN AN
EMPOWERING OPTION
In 2013 ECI given NOTA option
In 2014 LS election – 1.11% votes for NOTA.
In 2019 LS election – 1.08% votes for NOTA.
Based on Recent elections in Gujarat, MP, Karnataka-Petition last year – votes inn
favor of NOTA is more than any other candidates – election should
countermanded.
How can NOTA makes Empowering
Three options
1) In constituency if NOTA get‟s higher votes then contestants and parties banned for
next election in there
2) Make NOTA become NOT B. (below) psychological change (case study Australia
– due to the compulsion of voting there 95 % always vote for first name – Donkey
votes)
3) If the distance between winning and losing candidate is less than vote polled for
NOTA – in this constituency fresh elections should held.
ASSAM – MIZORAM FRESH BORDER ROW
Colonial occupation – part of Bengal Province – in 1874 was separated.
In 1912 Assam province (also includes NE other states)
Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation – 1873 – ILP – to prevent outsiders in setting
NE India – Mainly to protect commercial interest of British
Post Independence – ILP also continue – AP, Mizoram, Nagaland, recently in
Manipur also
Indigenous tribal culture & India‟s strategic Interests
Border Issue – „Sylhet‟ given to Pakistan
Tripura, Manipur UT‟s – Later Statehood given
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Post Independent major part of NE in Assam
Nagaland Statehood – 1963
Meghalaya – 1970 – autonomous state inn Assam – later full statehood.
NEFA 1972 – Arunachal Pradesh UT -later in 1987 Statehood
Mizoram – lusai hills carved out and become UT in 1972 then later in 1987 –
Mizoram full statehood
Now still clashes and disputes in forefronts.
Now Mizoram seeks revision of boundary
Mizoram share 123 km border with southern Assam
PRESIDENT GIVES NOD FOR DELIMITATION IN NE
STATES
Delimitation commission
Article 82 – Parliament – act after each census President orders government to form
commission
Till date four commissions constituted – 1952, 1963, 1972, 2002
Composition of delimitation commission
Headed by retired SC Judge, Chief election commission, respective State election
commissioners
Its orders are force of law – cannot be questioned in any court.
In last commission of 2002, constitutional amendment – frozen Delimitation – for
1st census after 2026 (population stabilization programme ends here)
This differ for NE states by presidential order of 2008 because of insurgency
(violence, kidnapping, extortions)
Now insurgency ends
US strikes deal with Taliban
History 9/11 attack by al-Queda – (Laden) safe havens by „Taliban‟
Taliban denied surrender of Laden
Bombing by USA in Afghanistan against „Taliban‟ under Operation Enduring
Freedom war against terrorism.
Why was this war started in 2001 continues till today? Because of resistance of
Taliban – Enough forces , Arms and Equipment‟s also supported by outside forces.
Another government in Taliban region not controlled rise
Pakistan supporting Taliban for it‟s strategic regions.
18 years of war – money & soldiers
Peace Deal- 1st started in Sep 2018
Today‟s deal in Doha, Quatar
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Agreement
12 to 14 k soldiers of USA – periodically reduced
Other countries 8600 from 14th
month
Speaks with coalition forces NATO etc
Other side – rules and regulations for Taliban‟s – resist all jihadi groups from this
region
Two other important deals in future
1) Intra Afghanistan talks (Today Afghan govt is no (Taliban + Afghan
government) in talk).
2) Prisoner swamp protocol – release of fighters – 5000k
Concerns
Afghanistan government not considered in this deal-Completely excluded.
India welcomes deal.
CENTRE WORKING ON EXCLUSIVE BODY FOR RIVER
LINKING PROJECTS
Idea revived in 1970-80 ,push in 2002
Still hanging because of various issues
Objective – interlinked surplus water basins with water deficit areas.
Two components
1) Himalayan
2) Peninsular
Prepared by National Water Developing Agency
Reduce floods (Himalayan, Krishna)
Reduce water shortage
Groundwater recharge
Inland navigation
Concern
Ecological+ Environmental (ex. Building Dams)
Financial concerns
Centre state relations – Water (State Subject) but Interstate water dispute is in
„Union list‟
Diplomatic issues (Trans boundary rivers ex. Bangladesh etc)
As of now only 6 projects under construction in that Ken-Betwa is 1st one.
Proposed NIRA (National Interlinking River Authority)
Implementation and execution
Interstate and Intrastate
Generate funds Internally and externally
National Projects 90:10 :: C:S
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HEALTH EMERGENCY – POLIO
No care, life time burden
Occurrence prevented by vaccine.
WHO – Immunisation campaign + national Govt.
Till 2010-12 – Eradicated all over world – but remain in India, Pak, Afghanistan,
Nigeria.
WHO – 2014 –declared India free form polio.
Now Nigeria is set to polio free - mate the criteria who polio free states – No new
case of „in 2014‟ wild polio virus for 3 consecutive years
Now there Remain in – Afghanistan, Pak
Increase in case in Pak + Afghanistan
In 2018 – 28 cases – WPV – type I
In 2014 – 156 case – 128(Pak), 28(Afghanistan) – WPV type I
Therefore possible export in neighboring countries – Iran, India.
Reasons
Lack of vaccination – Instability conflict, - Superstition, fake news (vaccine
Hesitancy)
Global community needs to come together
Regional as well as global threats
POLICY ON RARE DISEASES – ‘ANOTHER PIECE OF
PAPER’
Recently Released - National Policy for Rare Diseases – 2020 by Union Health
Ministry
What are Rare Diseases
Occur very rare in population
Due to genetic defects ex. LSD – (lisosomal storage disorder ,sickle sell Anemia etc).
Patient
Unable to access the treatment /unable to afford. Therefore GoI come with this
policy and replace earlier 2017 policy
Financial support of 15 lakh – from Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhi but this is only for
“onetime treatment” Includes – BPL families + 40% of the population as per
MPJAY(Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana)
Reviews Tertiary Treatment in govt hospitals.
Financial Support from
Crowd funding – Alternative funding digital platform for voluntary donations from
individuals & corporate.
Central – It‟s tried to identified high risk couples by encoring premarital genetic
counseling – create awareness.
But Critics –
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Flaws approach of funding earlier 2017 policy – 160 crore corpus fund,Centre :
State : : 60 : 40
Every State – technical committee to evaluate application
Inadequate / Unreliable funding in 2020
CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK – BEIJING
What is virus?
A biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts ex. Animal
infected by virus – the cells of this animal forced to produce thousand of such
copies of such virus
Corona
– large no of virus an common in animals but this is – „Zoonotic‟ – rare cases –
from Animal to Humans
Symptoms
Runny nose, cough
, sore throat, headache, fever.
In weak immunity system causes – pneumonia, Bronchitis
Previously – only six of them infect Humans but this seventh corona virus also
have ability to infect Humans
SARS – China early 2002– cats –
800 people kill
MERS – 2012 – camels – Saudi Arabia
They do not respond to antibiotic treatment
Treat only disease cause to bacteria not thought viruses.
WHO said – not international emergency – by committee – only in China
Critics – poor response WHO ,like H1N1 ,SARS
India – screening – part of entry points ,medical teams – in which Airport Authority
customs and imagination, contact tracing – patient family others
Why they are called Corona Virus
Regularly arranged projections on it‟s surface – entire Virus resembles „emperors
crown‟
Containment measures
lockdown, connectivity suspended, enhance screening, quarantine treatment,
Awareness.
Wuhan – Epicenter – different from earlier breakouts – called unofficially as
„Wuhan strain‟
WHO – designated – Covid -19 – novel corona virus disease
Spread –Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, South Koriya, Japan, USA, India, Hong Kong
Lockdown – Wuhan + Hongkong – 20 million peoples
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ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (API)
India restricted export of it
These are active component in particular drug ex. Polo – (Paracetamol – reduce
pain)
Important in Drug production
India already lags behind its production
Importing from China – (heavily dependent)
ASSAM ACCORD CLAUSE 6
Background –
Illegal migration issue in Assam
Long movement – from 1979 by AASU – illegal migrants should be deported.
End of movement in 1985 – Accord sign – GoI, GoA. AASU.
Those who are entre Assam before 1966 they are resident of Assam
But those enters 1st Jan 1965 to 24
th March 1971 they also resident but for them
political rights not granted for 10 years
After 25th
March 1971- identify, arrested, deported.
That‟s why NRC in Assam.
Clause 6
Constitutional, legislative
, administrative safeguards, to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, Social,
linguistic identity and heritage of „Assamese people‟
For that committee set up, that panel now submitted of Report
Also to identify four indigenous Muslim communities – Census exercise – Goriya,
Moriya, Deshi, Julha
ELECTORAL BONDS
SC declines to stay on poll bound scheme
Free and fair elections – basic structure
Petitioners
1) Violets free and fair election, But court decline their claim but ask election commission
to submit report in 2 week about constitutionality of this scheme
Scheme – 2018 conceptualize this scheme
- Political finance scheme (ideology etc) ex. Individual party approach State Bank of
India
- (You have to pay money in from of check/ digital transaction NEFT, RTGS) issue
you bonds – deposit party you choice
- bond of 10000 thousand 1 lakh, 1 crore .there is no upper limit
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- But you can only donate to a political party only to who got 1 % votes in previous
elections
- This political party have 15 days to encash their Bonds/Money.
- Under supervision of RBI
Where is problem then
- There bonds are Bearer Bonds (Identity of donor anonymous)
- Entire process Opaque, lack of transparency
ex. voter – want to know which party I take for (the party who is working for
environmental concern etc for poor – but what if from if it‟s receives donations
from company A which is in mining. (Biggest polluter in India).
- If might this Party in power – may he favors this company A.
Hypothetical example
- Party promises to reduce telecom tariffs
- But if he gets donations from telecom company
- After in power it might favor this telecom company
2) It‟s violets voters right to make an informal choice
ADR - Association of Democratic Reforms – Petition in SC – under Article 19 (a) –
expression includes ask question? SC says yes – as like education.
- Voter would be in better position to candidates
- SC says this informal right under 19 (1) (a).
- But this scheme not declares the names
3) Favors the govt. of the day – free and fair corporate entity – donated – even panty
not known about name
- SBI – state entity, may RBI like institutions control govt of day.
- Ultimately coerce donate towards the party in power opposition funding may
crushed.
Fact
National parties received – 1,93,143 crore through this scheme but in that ruling
BJP got 1,45,089 crore.
Therefore should declare unconstitutional.
LAST NDFB FACTION IN ASSAM PACT
Ethnic clashes, History in NE
Assam one of them
Bodo vs Assames –
Bodo – Ethinic, linguistic group, Brahmaputra Valley in Assam,foothills of Bhutan
/ AP.
Four districts – Kokrajhar, Baksa, Udalguri, Chirang.
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All Bodo Student Union (1971) Agitation for Bodo official language in Assam
In 1982 – govt declare as official language
All Assam student union (AASU) – Assam Accord (1985) -No mention of Bodo‟s
ethnicity
Organisation formed by Ranjan Daimary – In 1986 – Bodo security force (BDSF)
– become (National Democratic front of Bodoland).
Huge violence / sovereign Bodoland (BLT)
Indian Army operation In 1990‟s – “Bhutan‟s Operation All Clear”
In 2005 – Tripartite Agreement – GoI, Assam, NDFB.
But in 2008 – Bombast in Guwahati
Therefore fraction as- NDFB – P (Progressive) - Sungthara.
Bombllast NDFB (R) – Ranjan Daimary , 2013 – He found in Bangladesh – given
to India Agreed peace deal.
But – 2016 NDFB (S) – Songbijit / Saoraigwra found New fraction – they now
accepted deal
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2. ENVIRONMENT
AUSTRALIA’S DEADLY WILDFIRES
Bush fires – New South Wales State,
Regular + Natural in Dry Season – Some time beneficial for Rejuvenate
Bushfires – Burns the bushes forest area, world lands
Causes – Every year – but this summer Hottest in last decade + direst in entire
History of Australia
Causes – Lighting, Strong wind‟s, Hot waves – word ever
IPCC –Extreme weather event – Coming decades –Eastern Part.
Australia – Coal producer - Largest Exporter
6 million hectors forest burn
23 people killed. (South wells)
Buiding codes, Buffer zone – have to increase
50 crore animals die.
KERAL TO TAKE MORE COVER UNDER (MIYAWAKI
FOREST)
Concept helps to increase green cover in urban areas
Urban Heat Islands – climate change Issue –
Miyawaki Plantation.
- Japanese Tech
- Botanist Akira Miyawaki
- Growing dense forest in urban area by identify Degraded land
Benefits –
- Reduce temp.
- Ensure soil moisture
- Support local wildlife
- Increase green cower in urban area.
2019 WAS 7TH
WARMEST YEAR SINCE 1901
IMD Report
Annual mean Temp (Surface) + 0.360 C above average.
Highest warming – 2016 – 0.710 C above average.
WMD –Rise in Global mean Surface temp in 2019 was + 1.10 C
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FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Panel approves Scheme to „Trade‟ in forests (Forest advisory committee, green credit
scheme)
Forest Advisory Committee
Functions as Apex body with in MoEFCC
Responsible for
Granting
approvals for converting forest land – into –non forest Industrial uses. ex. Mining,
townships etc.
This FAC – approves – green credit scheme
Forest traded commodity
Current system
Industy carry out Defence in forest land then bound by Rules compensatory Act of
2016
CAMPA
Compensatory Afforastation fund management and planning Authority
Two Major Problem
1) Industry – not finding land = forest land
2) CAMAA fund – central govt already collected 50000 crore Rs – manage by centre
-Already disabuse 47000 to
Respective state govt. Unfortunately money not Utilized
Therefore this green credit Scheme
Forest land Traded as commodity
Task of Forestation – outsourced to NGO, private Agencies
How it works
Put agencies, NGO ,village communities to identify patch of Non forest land &
Grow plantation.
This plantation treated as commodity/Compensatory forest land – which can be
trade with Industry.
INSCRIPTIONS CONFIRM PRESENCE OF TWO
MEDIEVAL MONASTERIES AT MAGHALMARI (WB)
Maghalmari – Excavation site in WestBengal
Buddhist monastic site Early medieval period.
Clay Taflet Inscriptions – „2Buddhist monasteries‟ (Epi graphical proof) – 6th
century to 12 century
Also mentioned in finding of „Huen Tsang‟ – 7th
century
10 monasteries – Tamudipta – province in WB .
Inscriptions Buddhist text depicts of hierarchy of Buddhist Monasteries
Organised as – Manvihara
, Vihara, Viharika
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10 MORE WETLANDS IN INDIA DECLARED AS RAMSAR
SITES
Wetland Conservation
Critically ecosystem
Harsh environmental conditions
To thrive because of unique adaptation shown by plants and animals by ecosystem.
Variety of fauna & flora water purification – natural filters
Recharge ground
water table ,natural barriers – floods/Tsunamis/Cyclones especially mangrove
forest
High rate of productivity – absorb – CO2 - carbon sinking
Key resource(sustainable manner – local community – food, livelihood
– Industry – medical Industry/ cosmetic Industry exploited them it‟s significant for
economy as well
Recreation potential & Tourism.
Therefore Ramsar convention – 1971 – Iran city Ramsar
Ramsar list – maintained – critically – special focus given (Ramsar site)
International Cooperation
Conservation practices exchange between countries
India being part of India
Until now 27, 10 more added = 37 Now.
ENVIS
Environmental Information system – online data base maintained ministry.
10 New Sites
1) Nandur Madheshwar bird sanctuary -MAH- Nashik
2) Keshopur – Miani community reserve
3) Beas conservation Reserve Punjab 3 + 3 = 6
4) Nangal wildlife sanctuary
5) Nawabgarij bird sanctuary
6) Parvati Agra bird sanctuary
7) Saman bird sanctuary
8) Samaspur bird sanctuary. 6 from UP.
9) Sandi bird sanctuary
10) Sarsai Nawar Lake
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EIA
Environment Impact Assessment was release in 2006
MoEFCC – divided projects – category A, Category B
What is EIA
Developmental projects – impact on Environment Development – hand in hand –
sustainable development
EIA – consider all these parameters
Category – A
High impact – given permission – ministry.
EIA – public hearing (public in region) – opinions
Category B
Impact magnitude – lesser than A, hence permission – state level authority –,two
types
1) B1 (Requires EIA + public hearing)
2) (Nor required)
Therefore all B1 put into B2 – EIA.
Concern
Act of Negligence.
Impact seal life
On shore drilling – Agricultural field destroyed. (Public policy, pressure group)
Concept in public administration
NIMBY – not in my backyard : ex. Nuclear power plant – explores energy –
coming in our places – then sense of fear – future catastrophe
NIMBY – all of us wants fruits of development but when this coming in our own
backyard ,cannot be entertained.
AFRICAN CHEETAHS TO PROWL INDIAN FORESTS
(ASIATIC CHEETAHS)
In Indian habits – for experimental basis
Historical type of cheetahs In Indian subcontinent were Asiatic cheetahs
Range
Arabian peninsula
Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Parts of central Asia
Indian subcontinent
Population falls drastically
Today found only In Iran
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Habitats
Open Grasslands, semi desert areas
West – Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab
Central – Chhattisgarh, Odisha
South – AP, TN
IUCN
Critically endangered. Declared Extinct in India (1952) – Because over Hunting &
captive breeding
Last confirmed present was noted India – 1947 when Maharaja Ramanoj
Pratapsingh Hunted in korya in today‟s Chhattisgarh.
Practice of Royal Kingdoms In India overhunting – prime sport of kings, Emperors,
British.
Captive Breeding – used as assistance in „Royal Hunt‟s‟ Hunting Deer/ Gazelles
Stay shows that they do not thrive in captivity
Only large mammal In India – extinct – due to anthropogenic and unnatural causes
Last 2 decades – MoEECC + WII + NTCA – efforts
To Introduce
In Early 2000-Ask Iran – 1000 cheetahs - Iran denied
Later – centre for cellular and molecular Biology based Hyderabad – Ask Iran –
to permit – live Tissue Samples – clone and reintroduced In India – Iran denied
After 2010
Ask for Namibia for African Cheetahs
Plan modified on experimental basis
Namibia Agreed.
Identify Potential sites – Kano Pamlpur – MP
Along with Nauradehi wildlife sanctuary of MP & Shangarh Landscape Desert
National Park – Rajasthan ,Banni Grassland – Gujarat, Satyamangalam WS & TR
– TN
In 2012 – petition in SC – Environment grounds
Concerns
Alien species in to unnatural habitat
Acclimatize & Adapt Indian conditions
Conflict with big predators (Lion, Tiger, Leopard) – Insufficient Prey base
Not natural habitat – African cheetah.
Now given approval – NTCA + MoEECC
3 members committee – WII, MoEECC – to guide NTCA.
Progress report Every 4 month.
Extensive survey – Best Habitat – to adopt conditions
Advantages
Revive the species
Restore Grassland
Global Recognition to India
Tourism potential.
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ARUNACHAL PRADESH – NEW HIGHWAY THREATENS
TIGER TERRITORY
Arunachal Pradesh has three tiger reserve – Namdapha, Pakke/Pakhui, Kamlang
tiger reserve
Two lane highway – Namdapha Reserve
New highway project – affects Pakke tiger reserve
Project named as East West Industrial Corridor EWIC – Connect west Kameng
district of Arunachal Pradesh with Assam
Impact on Habitat and wildlife.
Also impacting neighboring tiger reserve in Assam – Nameri tiger Reserve.
Bandipur to Waynad in Karnataka and Kerala opposed by peoples. Argument –
Highways is built as ground level through Protected areas – results in traffic –
Accidents.
So, Elevated corridors – under passes for animal movement.
One such elevated corridor in Kanha-Pench tiger reserve in MP & Maharashtra
Namdapha Tiger Reserve
Eastern most tiger reserve Eastern Himalaya (Biodiversity Hotspot) located
between Mishmi hills & Patkai range
Vegetation – Trapical, Evergreen, Temperate,Broadleaf.
Fauna – Namdapha flying sguirrel (CR)
Red Panda (EN)
Show leopard (VU)
Clouded Leopard (VU)
Pakke Tiger Reserve
Arunachal Pradesh
Foot hills of Eastern Himalaya
Kameng River – Brahmaputra
Evergreen, Semi Evergreen Forest, Himalayan Broad leaf forest.
Clouded Leopard (VU)
Nameri TR
Assam Adjacent to Pakke TR.
Eastern Himalaya
Same vegetation like Pakke Tiger Reserve
Clouded Leopard (VU)
Golden Mahseer (EN) fish
MM hills sanctuary to be Tiger Reserve soon
By NTCA
Chamrajanagar district already 2 reserves Bandipur, BRT (Bilgiri Rang – natna
Temple )
If MM Hill include Karnataka have 6 Tiger Reserves Like MP
Other 3 – Ngarhole, Bhadra, Anshi Dandeli
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RUSHIKULYA ROOKERY ALL SET TO WELCOME
OLIVE RIDLEYS
Olive Ridley Turtles
Vulnerable
Tropical and warm waters – Pacific, Indian, Atlantic ( few parts)
Unique feature – mass nesting and hatching.
Threats
Mechanized fishing – Trawling
Marine pollution
Erosion of beach
Debris pollution
Hunting and poaching.
In case of India – Odisha nesting site for than
1) Rushikalya River
2) Gahirmatha Beach.
Rushikalya Rookery
Security – mother turtle
Metal fencing
Community awarness – (local fishing)
Mechanized fishing (Trawlers Banned)
Beach cleaning
Remove Debris, Plastic waste
constant monitoring
WHO, UNICEF – LANCET : REPORT ON PROTECTION OF
CHILDREN
No country offers adequate protection, climate change effect
Evaluates 180 Countries
Ranks – Norway, South Korea, and Netherland at the top.
India – 131 position
Improved Health and Sanitation
Also low spending on Heath.
Obesity (Urban) vs. Malnutrition (Rural ) this Trend is Global as well.
Obese children increasing from 11 million in 2011 to 124 million in 2016 –
Increased 11 times
Socio economic divide
Only 9 countries in the world to reduce CO2 targets – in SE Asia – Sri Lanka
only in the list
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PM MAN KI BAAT – (BIODIVERSITY, YUVIKA Etc)
Meghalaya Cave Fish
Worlds largest sub terranean fish
Caves of Jaintia hills
Much related to Mahsear fish
“Troglomorphism – Adaptation to Constant Darkness”
It is blind, white in colour (Lacks of melanin).
ISRO – Yuvika Programme
Site visits for students at ISRO centre‟s.
Workshops on Astronomy
To encourage Young student to gain interest in S & T especially in space
technology
IAF – Biofuel
Recently AN 32 from the Leh Airport
1st Aircraft in India to run an Biofuel
Used 10% mixer of Biojet fuel developed by CSIR & Indian Institute of Petroleum
located at Dehradun
STONE CHARIOT AT HAMPI
ASI planning barricade around.
Dedicated to Garuda
In Vittala Temple Complex.
Buid by king Krishnadevaraya – Vijaynagar Empire in 16th
century
Facinated by Konark – Odisha, Mahabalipuram – Tamilnadu
World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Dravidian style
Slabs of Granite (linkages is hidden) look like one solid structure.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EASTERN GHATS
OF INDIA
Part of India‟s Natural Heritage
Odisha to Tamilnadu
Rich Biodiversity – flora, founa
Dry deciduous, moist deciduous, semi evergreen forest
Godavari & Krishna major rivers
Ecosystem services – livelihood
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Climate change
Temperature variations rainfall disruption – affect forest productivity
Forest and tree cover shrunk around 16% in last two decades
In Papikonda National Park in Andhra alone 650 sq km forest loss.
To Reduce Anthropological stress
Sustainable exploitation
Incentives settled Agriculture
Restore forest peripheries
Used International climate Finance
CHEETAHS – BIG CHALLENGE
Why population decreasing? – Because of Human intervention
Decline of prey.
Loss of habitat – grasslands converted into Agricultural areas.
Hunting and recreational activities
India – Translocation – from African Cheetahs
IUCN Guidelines
Proper habitat prey base required
Prevention
of Conflict – Awareness,
Research with respect with animal.
Conservation lab in India associated with CSIR located Hyderabad, Only research
Facility engaged in conservation and preservation Established in 1998 – help of
Zoo Authority of India, CSIR, Andhra government,
Successful effort Lacones – reintroduced of mousedeer ,Captive breeding
programme in collaboration with Nehru Zoological Park in Hyderabad.
INDIA IS HOST 457 MIGRATORY FAUNA – LATEST CMS
LIST
Bonn convention/CMS – aquatic , birds, Animals
India also party of treaty since 1983
India species-Amur Falcons, Bar headed Geese, Black necked cranes, marine
turtles, Dugongs, Humpbacked whales
Flyways – routes that bird takes from start to the end
India following Highways
Central Asian
East Asian – Australasian
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BLACK CARBON LEVELS SPIKE AT HIMALAYAN
GLACIERS
Gangotri Glacier
Black Carbon – incomplete combustion of fossil fuel, biomass
It is climate forcing Agent – because it absorb light and energy more effectively
than CO2
Reduce Earth Albedo – ability to diffuse surface
2nd
largest contributor to climate change
But it is short lived
India 2nd
largest emitter of it
Indo Gangetic plain biggest contributor
BCRI – Black Carbon Research Initiative under Indian network for Climate
Change Assessment
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3. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
OMAN SULTANS DEATH
Named – Qaboos
Rule country 50 years.
About Sultan – Came to power in 1970 changed name of country Sultan of Muscat
& OMAN to OMAN.
Father of Modern OMAN
- why?
Development projects – Hospital, Schools etc
Education
Standard of leaving of people
OMAN –
Economy – oil based
But not to rely on only oil.
Expends the country‟s economic base – tourism, oil and refinery of other countries
Changes in foreign policy – isolated to expand it‟s Horizons
Hall mark – ability to mediate in wars
– Saudi Vs Iran, Yemen vs Iran, USA vs Iran.
Also best of ties with Iran.
In 1996 – 1st written constitution of Country.
India and OMAN Relations
His father – was – alumans of mayors college – Ajamer.
His teacher – Shankar Dayal Sharma.
Studied in Pune.
Defence – strong partnership – supply rifles for protection of Sultan.
Nassem-Al-Bahr – Navy Exercise etc
Anti Piracy mission – Operation Turn around – Gulf of Omen.
Top Trading partner
2nd
largest Imports of crude oil from OMAN
RAISINA DIALOGUE
Flagship diplomatic conferee
On geopolitics and geo-economics
Organised by ministry of external Affairs + Observer Research Foundation Asia‟s
Premier diplomatic conferences‟ noted by Singapore
Since 2016 it organized on the line of „Shangri-La Dialogue‟
In 2020
Theme – „Navigating the Alpha Century‟ for India – this – dialogue elevated the
global profile of India.
Platform for ideas
Proactive role in IR
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INDIA TO INVITE IMRAN KHAN FOR SCO
19th
Meet – Hosted by India
All Heads of govt invited.
In 1991 – dissociation of Soviet Russia.
Group of countries – China – Kazakisthan, Kirgizstan, Russia , Tajikistan
In 2001 – included Uzbekistan – becomes – SCO
In 2017 India + Pak added
HQ- Beijing.
Russia – Superpower – after 1991 – dismantle – Rise of China
Russia – to control China – wanted India in to this organization
In order to mange India – China included Pak
Two Agenda
1) Counter terrorism – Regional Anti Terrorism Strum (RATS)
2) Connectivity issue (intelligence Sharing). Central Asia – Energy Aspect
BROAD BASED TRADE INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
(BTIA)
Initiated in 2007
Both India + EU.
What is?- Proposed FTA. – Barriers not concludes
Differences –
IPR, Automobile
, visa regime .
1) India Export EU – Jems and Jewelry , & textile, machinery, organic chemicals,
automobiles, iron and steel mineral fuels, pharmaceuticals
2) India Imports – machinery, gems/jewelry, plastic, organic chemicals.
What EU wants
To liberalize legal services (Indian Lawyers not wanted)
Banking – Indian Banking Rules – priority sector lending + financial inclusion
Wines – Reduce tariffs – France expertise
Automobiles Reduce tariffs –Germany manufacturing hub- high duties India.
Dairy sector –
Not join RCEP primary reason (NZ, Aus) therefore high tariffs
IPR
Medicine – India – generic – cost effective. Low income countries. Reverse
engineering EU – should not continue
India wants
Data secure nation – data from EU to India – certificate to India – currently not for
India service projects. Improved market access to IT
BPO, KPO movement of professionals – barriers by EU
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Parity conditions wages.
Liberalized work permits / visa‟s
Textile – tariffs
Arbitration – EU – Issue between MNC + India MNC – International circuit to
resolve.
India – Domestic Remedies – only than Intern „Dispute System‟
Non tariff Barriers
Agri sector – Export – products – ex. mangos
Therefore simplified this rules
BTIA – enhance all sectors need to platform trust and transform give and take
PUTINS PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN
RUSSIA
Putin – rule since 1999
Initial term of president – only 4 years.
Till 2008 – he was president.
But Russian constitution – candidate serve president only 2 consecutive terms like
USA.
Contain again but in succession only 2 terms (8 years)
In 2008 Dmitry Medvedev‟s was PM at that time and he was made president and
Putin himself became PM.
Critics
Putin In charge
So in 2012 after Medvedev‟s term is over Putin back again on „President Seat‟
In 2012 – Putin President and Medvedev PM.
He was amended constitution – the term of office 4 years it increase to 6 years
He could occupies post till 2024
Therefore he now proposes serious constitutional changes in Russia
Before that understand Polity of Russia
Manage democracy - appears as democracy but in reality for from it.
Characteristics
1) Strong executive
- Institutions are weak (audit department, judiciary, election commission is weak)
2) State controls the media
3) Elections are held but elites controls elections process
4) Decision making quick –short term effectiveness
5) but long term in efficiency
ex. Electoral Reforms – ex. „Alexei Navlny‟ critic of Putin not allowed to contain
in 2018 presidential election
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What is happening in Russia
Jan 15 – proposed constitutional changes
Referendum – people vote for their changes
He did that – Medvedev replace Mikhail Mishustin as PM.
Medvedev appointed as deputy „Chairperson of Council‟
Changes
1) Lets limit the president for 2 terms in life.
2) State council setup – was way back in 2000 council job is to advice president
now he wanted council „Powerless‟
- to give official status for state council now it should be „Official Governing Body
of Russia‟.
3) Previously PM appointed by „President‟ and all other minister also
But now they are appointed by „Duma‟ (Parliament of Russia) and president can‟t
reject these nominations.
4) On Socio economic front – minimum wages in Russia adjusted to inflation
Options to Putin to Rule Russia for a life
1) Go back post to PM like R.T. Erdogan done in Turkey.
PM call Referendam resigned as MP – got himself elected as „President‟ in 2014
2) State Council – deputy
3) chairperson – Medvedev now head this council.
ex. President Nazarbager did in Kazakhstan -Rule 30 years – resigned last year –
strengthen power of Security Council - became
chairperson of this council for life.„This option Act as father of nation for Putin‟
SAGARMATHA DIALOGUE
Diplomatic dialogue hosted by „Nepal‟
150 countries
Regional + Global issue
Main Issues – Climate change, Environment
conservation ,sustainable development.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Myanmar – protect Rohingya – ethnic Muslims – from 2012 -17 killed – Radial
Buddhist Refugees crisis –Therefore UN most persecuted community.
Principle organ of UN – highest judicial body.
Genocide – accused by „Gambia‟
1948 – Genocide Convention
ICJ said – ethnic minority – status of „protected group‟ under convention
Decision- Final + Binding
Most of the time – there violated by earlier
Because ICJ has no mechanism
to enforce this
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BLACK AND GREY LIST
FATF
Financial Action task force
Intergovernmental body, 1989 by 47 countries function under OECD
HQ – Paris
Main objective
Combat money laundering + Terrorism financing
Recommendations FATF has to be implemented by all the members of UN
FATF may take action – Grey list – set of targets need to achieve in set deadline.
Even after this – being Black list
– once in this it has severe economic consequences
Not to rase Intern finance
Won‟t able to attract investment
Won‟t be able to borrow funding.
Currently Pak facing – grey list (India Played key role). India diplomatic influence
Therefore 27 action plan for Pak – Decline.
India interest defects to make into blacklist – in next meeting in Paris next month
Asia Pacific Joint Group – Hosted by China – China baking PaK
India should not letdown some tangible results
Pak – FATF – 2008 Attack – in Grey list lifted in 2015 now again in list
ex. Hafeez Saied – LeT- charge sheet –
masood Azher – JeM – under 1267 sanction committee „Global Terrorist‟ of
UNSC.
LIBYA INTERNAL CONFLICTS (CIVIL WAR )
Since 2011 – 'Arab spring‟
Gadaffi – government dismantle – UN recognize
Government backed by regional powers – Turkey, Italy
Facing challenge by rived forces – loyal to military commander Khalifa Hafterr –
Rebellion – Trying to over through UN govt.
Sponsored – UAE, Egypt, France, Russia
Covert – Proxy War – Regional + Global players
Therefore UN – imposed „Arms Embargo‟ on „Libya‟ - It means export of
weapons to Libya had been prohibited.
But despite this – violated arm embargo law
Libya - located on Mediterranean coast
- largest oil reserve in Africa.
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TRUMPS PACE PLAN
Isreal
vs Palestine
Conflict of 2 Religions
Islam vs Judaism
Ottoman Empire – Cary 19th
Century
Muslim, Christ, Jews, peacefully lived
Change feeling of ethnicity – Palestinians, People joining Judaism – Zionism to
nationality
Atrocities in Europe
1st decade of 20
th century – Jew‟s migrated to middle East
Then WW I - Ottoman empire collapse
Victory – Britain + France won WW I
They decide to reorganized this Palestine
Britain took Palestine and also allows migration of Jews
But Tension arrows between Arabs vs Jews
but in 1930 – British decided Jewish migration now Jews fights with Both Arabs +
British
Then was WW II – Jews killed – result – more and more Jews moved to the British
Palestine
Therefore demand of country „Israel‟
1947 – UN plan divide – one for Jews – Israel, One for – Arabs ,Palestine.
UN plan About Jerusalem
Three Regions – Muslim, Christians, Jews – so it become
Special Investment Zone – Jews accepted this – Independence Recognized by UN.
But Arabs though second type of colonialism why should the provided separate
country.
After 2nd
WW
Arab Israel war between 1948 -Israel won – extended territory as well – shrunk
Palestine Area.
Massive refugee crisis – End of war – Gaza with Egypt, West Bank with Jorden
In 1967 – another war – 6 day‟s war – seize - Golen Heights – Syria, west Bank –
from Jorden ,.sieze – Gaza + sinnai peninsula of Egypt + occupied Jerusalem as
well.
In 1978 Israel + Egypt – Camp David accord signed -UN Mediator
Sinnai peninsulas – gave back to Egypt – other states also accepted reality.
Now this Arab + Israel conflict transformed in Israel + Palestine
Solution – Two State Solution
PLO – Palestine liberation organization – Head Yasir Arfat – initially rejected –
later accepted But wanted land back
Now Trump solution – with Palestine territory Israel enclaves
Exit separate country but won‟t have „Airport‟
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Jerusalem – undivided capital of Israel. Palestine
Palestine wants – East Jerusalem capital of Palestine
Plan Injustice – failure – Palestine rejected.
Impartial Negotiation – 3 Regions
1) Reject claim of Jerusalem,
2) Refugees Arab + Israel war not allowed to return In Israel Area.
3) Loose 30% of West Bank Area.
BLUE DOT NETWORK
Counter to China‟s BRI (Belt and Road Initiative)
So this network jointly by – US, Japan Australia
To built infrastructure into Ino Pacific region
India also expressed it‟s interest.
INDIA TO CARRY OUT PROJECTS IN RAKHINE
10 key agreements
Critical neighbor, insurgency in NE – Golden Triangle illegal trade practices
China unable NE outfit as Myanmar base ex. NSCN (khalplang) section
Serve as bridge between South, East and south East Asia
Gateway for India in SE.
China invested heavily in Myanmar – oil, Gov, Infrastructure
China developing „Kyakpyu Port‟ and SEZ
China planned railway and road – CMEC-China Myanmar Economic Corridor plan
of part of OBOR initiative
To Counter China
India also invested
Sitthwe port – mouth of Kaladan river
Hydrocarbon exploitation of „Rakhine State‟ India building – Kaladan Multi
Purpose Project
Kolkata to Sittwe port maritime route - inland water way Connectivity over
Kaladan – then further highway of 129 km
To create alternative route NE – India‟s strategic weakness „Siliguri Corridor‟
(only route in which India connect NE – Chicken‟s neck)
IMT Trilateral Highway (India, Myanmar, Thailand)
Coordinated Bus service between „Imphal & Mandalay
Integrated check point at Tamu in Myanmar – people to people movement across
border at Moreh (Manipur) – Tamu (land Border Crossing Agreement in 2018)
Other point zokhawathar – Rin.
Medical radiation equipment Bhabhatron II for treatment of cancer patient
Quick impact project scheme - schools, hospitals etc.
Rakhine State Development Programme (Rohingyas violence) $ 25 million grant
assistance.
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UN OHCHR
OFFICE OF THE UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
Principle organ of UN
It is department of UN Secretariat
Universal declaration of human rights in 1948
This office set up in 1993 in the wake up conference on human rights
Do not confuse with UNHRC (offices) with the UN ,Office by Headed by
commissioner and act as secretariat of UNHRC in Geneva, Switzerland
Mandate derives from charter of UN, Vienna Declaration and Programme Action
and UNGA resolution of 1993.
in disaster, terrorism etc
MILAN NAVAL EXERCISE POSTPONED
Due to COVID-19
Multilateral Naval Exercise
By Indian Navy from 1995
Biennial event
Expanded to number of countries.
In 2020 -41 countries invited – 32 accepted invitation
Usually in Bay of Bengal
Cooperation and coordination
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4. ECONOMY, AGRICULTURES, SCHEMES
UJJWALA YOJANA
2016 – launched programme
Objective – cooking fuel replace with LPG
To 5 crore women till 2014
SECC – 2011 (Al lSC/ST : Forest dwellers, Backward classes as well)
In 2018 – All the poor people
Indore Air pollution – 2nd
Biggest killer after blood pressure
Dow to Earth – Inactive accounts – after completion of free LPG cylinder
ex. If you not approach gas agency to refill means you (are not using this) after 3
month account will be inactive
3.8 crore– Inactive accounts (Down to Earth)
ICRA TO SET UP ‘FARMERS INNOVATION FUND’
Innovation centre – at Delhi
Currently – Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) – Documenting Farmers ( not
scientifically validate Research Innovation )
Act as Incubation – make use of fund – and use of technology at commercial level.
Objective –
To promote science based farming (Green + White Revolution possible because of
Science).
ICAR looking to enhance the Impact Scale up tech, propagate wider use.
CABINET NOD FOR FDI IN COAL MINING
Coal mining sector in India – one of the largest resource
Not of highest standards,
Critical input to steel, thermal. Cement etc.
Underutilized Capacity – Reason is – coal mines act 1973.
Nationalized coal mines – PSU – Coal India Limited. 1975 (Monopoly sector).
But never able to exploit India‟s „coal potential‟
Domestic demand not met with domestic production
Landmark decision – In 2015 – coal mining Act 2015
Government started denationalize the coal sector
Initially – few private players mine their own coal for a selected industries
ex. private player cement plant/steel plant allocating coal black by auction
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In 2018 –
CCEA divide fully open up coal sector to private sector through auction
Now – cabinet approve – FDI – In Coal Mining – Investment, Team, Managerial
practices.
Mining Deep
100% FDI in coal mining
Break monopoly of OIC
Earlier reforms partial – 100% Auctions.
Coal Action Restrictions –
Only those Industries in power, Iron and steel, coal washer y
Need prior experience in mining
End use Restrictions – Sell and consumption
Mineral laws (Amendment) ordinance
Removes Restrictions
Democratize coal mining sector
Coal Imports
235 MT every year – 1 lakh 71 thousand or Rs.
Estimate – says by privatizing
India easily substitute 135 MT tonne. Other 1000 MT can‟t substitute – Because
high grade not available in India
Investment – Jobs – Tech
Still National Asset
Nurture competition not destroy public sector
ex. BSNL vs Pvt sector = Hope not happen with coal.
GREEN NOD FOR OIL, GAS EXPLORATION WAIVED
Exploratory
Identifying new oil field, particular to region
Two types drilling
1) on shore dry land – deep holes under earth surface
2) offshore – In the ocean water – bed of ocean.
This clearance for Both
FUND CRUNCH HITS MGNREGA SCHEME
> 96% of fund spend
< 2500 crore left for remaining Feb/March month
15 states – due pending – (deficit)
Bound to insure – Rural District
Desperate
Demand for work
Law Budgetary allocation – reduced 60000 crore Rs.
Despite economist suggest increase the allocation
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MGNREGA – An Analysis
Introduced in 2005 –
by Act
Later Rename in 2010 – Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Objectives
Guarantee livelihood security in Rural Areas
Ambitious socio economic programme
Minimum of 100 days of wage employment per year
Every adult in Rural household – voluntary take up unskilled manual work - taken
up by Grampanchayat‟s (Nodal point implementation)
Grampanchayat Project
Constitution and repair of Rural, water tanks, toilets, disilting of lake,Rejuvenation
of wells, ground water table ,conservation of forest etc.
Create Rural Assets
Legal entitlement – wage employment Article 41 (Right to Wrok)
Increase rural demand – Economy,
Reduce Rural Distress
Create Social Inclusion – women priority 33% Registration
Protect Environment
Other Key Features
Demand Driven Scheme – Beneficiaries demanding employment not when govt
wants it
With 15 days after work application Grampanchayat mandated to provide
employment
If it fails to do so then provide employment allowance
Payment
of wages with in 15 days – in case of delays – compensation by Grampanchayat
Social Inclusion minimum 1/3rd
workers should be women
Wages paid – according to – Minimum Wages Act 1948
Social Audit by Gram Sabha.
DBT
Extended to MGNREGA – leakages / fake Beneficiaries
Therefore financial Inclusion is also done.
MIS – Management Information
System – to check real time – data of beneficiaries, work progress, wage payment,
jab cards, work compulsion dues etc.
Last 15 years + ves
-Employment generation – Assest creation – increase in Agri wages -
empowerment of women – uplifting marginal /worker sections SC/ST‟s – Reduce
distress migration – Reduce Poverty -financial Inclusion - creation of sustainable
assets – Employment Generation
2008/09 Financial crisis – India tied over due to strong rural demand
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Challenges
Insufficient budget allocation – not with inflation index.
Supply drivers failed
Poor wage Act 1948 – due to delinking
Delay wage – (DBT – linking Aadhar to bank accounts)
Failed to compensaton + allowance
Corruption + leakages – job cards – fabricated – fake -therefore fiscal burden
Social audit
En effective grievance redressal
Insufficient involvement of PRI.
Large no. of Incomplete work.
Poor quality of assests.
Recent demanding dues since Oct. 19.
AIR INDIA - GOI PUTS 100 % STAKE ON THE TABLE
Last four decade – steep fall
Once up on time monopoly
Private players comes –growth.
100% owned by GoI
Late 90‟s - disinvestment
– „proposal‟ – share sold by govt.
From 2014 – witnessed series of problem
1) Aircraft purchased – afford
2) Air India & Indian Airlines merged – International carrier / Domestic Airline
3) Weak Finance – 1st time declared in 2009.
-Arvind Jadhav 30,000 crore injected into AI (Bailout Package).
4) Kingfisher, Jet air way – Bankrupt – public money to them
If It it been private Airline is might be shut
Unprofessionally Run – old Age employ (No match with private Players)
TAT – Turn ground time ex. India – Delhi Airport plan hault - deboarding – young
members ready this plain for next flight early then older ones
Politician to board to plain freely
Employee union – opposed – 2014 – NITI Aayog recommend disinvestment – debt
– 63000 crore should absorb by GoI – sutaible for private player
Govt Invited twice bidder private entry come.
But GoI unwilling to fully exit of Airline 76% sell + debt + employ + work.
Disinvestment now again EoI – Expression of Interest
GoI – give up 100% Stake in GoI
Also 63000 crore not be burden- by all this only burden with 23000 crore -
remaining debt goes into Air India Assets company Limit set up in Feb 2019 – land
transfer to this land Bank Artifacts
Money Raised by GoI
Govt – now willing to exit fully by March 17 – filing last EoI.
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL TEXTILE MISSION
Technical Textile
Used for special functioning in Industry – Bullet Proof. Space suits, fire retorted
material, Medical and auto industry.
Critical input for various industries
India unfortunately importing this to reduce import any builds sufficiency in this
sector
GoI launch this mission – for four years, from 2020 – 2021, has four components.
CORONA VIRUS INFECTS GLOBAL MARKETS
Stock commodities, equities dumped by investors – seeking for Government bonds,
treasury bill
Reminding 2008/09 financial crisis (subprime mortgage crisis)
Major Indices Hit
Dow Jones – New Yark Stock Exchange/ NASDAQ.
FTSE 100 London Stock Exchange
Nikkie – Tokyo Stock Exchange
Kaspi – Seoul (South Korea) Stock Exchange
XAX – Frankfurt (Germany) Stock Exchange
SSE Composite Index - Shanghai Stock Exchange
Hang-Sena – Hongkong Stock Exchange
SENSEX – BSE
Nifty 50 – NSE
Investors lost $ 5 trillion
Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) pulling out investment, from India that‟s why
Indian Rupee depreciated
Economic Impact
China – Manufacturing powerhouse supplier of raw material, in globalized world
other countries production disrupted
ex. India – Automobile sector hub ,but components coming out from China
27% of India‟s auto motive, component import
Ban on shipment
Aerial shipment allowed but very costly
BS VI norms – 1st April 2020
Other sector
Pharmacy, electronics, electrical equipment food processing, Toys, Tourism
severally affected around the world.
Travel restrictions, Import export restrictions, Quarantine isolation around world.
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INDIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND
Youth can be clear advantage for India
UN Population fund Defines – Economic growth potential that result from
Population age structure
15 -64 year productive
Currently, one of the youngest population in the world
By 2020 the median age of India – 28 years, for China, USA – 37 years, Western
Europe – 45,Japan – 49
This Phase began for India from 2004 – 05 & Set a for at least 5 decades
Developed Asian Economies – achieve economic growth by exploiting there
demographic dividend
Japan – China, South Korea – not only dividend matters in growth – because it‟s
more of luck and not destiny-suitable policies and programs (Heath, employment,
Infrastructure)
If Policies and programs not aligned with this then this can be „Demographic
Disaster‟
India – population is heterogeneity.
Kerala – already ageing
Bihar working age till 2051
By 2031 – 11 out of 28 major state – working population will decline
Employability depends on Health, Education, Skills
Gender divide– half are women‟s
PM KISAN
Central Sector – 100% funded by GoI.
From 1st Dec. 2018
Income support provided – farmer families (constitutes husband, wife, children –
cultivated land upto 2 hectares).
6000 Rs per annum
3 Installments
2000 Rs per Installment every 4 month
Identify – state govt. & UT.
Beneficiary Target come down now from 14 crore to 12 crore
West Bengal refused to join.
Bihar – waiting – Beneficiary themselves to register (Potential Beneficiary 158
lakh but only 59.7 lakh register).
Some Excluded Families
1) One or more member holds constitutional post
2) One or more was/is – MLA, MP, Mayor, Chairperson
3) One or more govt employee.
4) One or more retired and delivered pension of 10000/month
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5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY
INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS
Annually – 1st week of Jan association with ISCA - „Indian Science Congress
Association‟
Objective – To promote advance cause of science
HQ - Kolkata.
Since – 1914 – to Promote Scientific Tempe ,107th
edition – Bengaluru
Last few years – pseudo science entry.
Articles published ex. Last years Vice Change – Andhra Pradesh
Kouravas Mahabharat born by stem cell tech. and test tube baby science.
Rama and Ravan – fought with guided missiles
In 2015 – Entire Session on „Aircraft in Vedic age‟
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT CENTRE OF ISRO
Gaganyan
1st man mission – 2022 - 4 Astronauts (Pilots ) in Russia
We lack facilities
ISRO Proposed 2700 crore plan – to create Infra – to setup facility – called Human
Space Flight Centre (HSFC) – at Challakere – in Karnataka.
SARAS
India‟s Indigenous Light Transport Aircraft.
Designed – by National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL).
This NAL – Established by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
In 1950 – HQ, Bangalore
Works closely with HAL, DRDO, ISRO.
Prime Responsibility – Developing civilian air crafts in India
SARAS – 1st Prototype in 2004 – In 2017 Revived - Central Govt should be
“launch Customer” of this aircraft i.e. GoI buy at least 50/60 – commercially
viable.
Also used under UDAN scheme – Regional connectively Scheme + VIP Services
as well
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HC (MADRAS) ASK CENTRE TO HELP LSD PATIENTS –
LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS
More than 50 genetically inherited metabolic disorders
Due to detect in lysosomal function cell contain
sack of enzymes, used in metabolism, proteins, Breakdown large molecules not
used by cells – therefore called cells recycling centre
Waste disposal system of cell
Shortly of enzyme leads to genetic mutation
Affects – Young children‟s
Unfortunately no care – only way – enzyme replacement therapy or Bonne marrow
transplantation
(Expensive) - therefore fatality rate is high.
Centre also share finance with state govt.
NEW SATELLITES WILL HELP GAGANYAN CREW
(INDIAN DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (IDRSS)
Objective –
Communicating satellites in Geostationary orbit
37786 km above eastern equator / equal to Earth‟s Rotation Period. Therefore
motionless of fixed position.
Indian Spacecraft and Indian Satellite – Especially place in LEO
Essential for Gaganyan Mission – if the astronaut to stay with Mission Control
Continuously
When satellite/Space crafts placed in LEO they are visible at ground based tracking
stations only at certain points of time. – this only by unique Orbital orientation of
the satellites to placed in LEO.
Therefore communication Gap – Acceptable in Image and Remote sensing
satellites
In real time tracking and communication For man spaced mission needed
In order to fill gap – Space Agencies – around the world – India tied with – Brunei,
Indonesia, Mauritius, Vietnam, Bhutan etc.
But these not sufficient.
ISRO also tied with NASA, SAJAXA, CNES (France) ESA (Europe) still not
provide 24 X 7 coverage in LEO
IDRSS – Geostationary orbit
USA – ISA, Russia – Mir Space stations
USA, Russia – already Data Relay System in 1970‟s / 80‟s
China – Already created it‟s own.
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NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
Deals with – Military tactics, Leadership, management, tech, HR
1st time need in 1960
But Kargil war – Kargil committee – lead by India‟s Strategic thinker K.
Sugrahmanyam (father of Current MoEA S. JayShankar).
Recommended NDU – for Training, Education
Accepted – Manmohan singh govt. – in 2010 foundation stone also laid –
Guragram
But present still no near in completion
this is high time to established this NDU
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
Approves rules of business DMA
This is 5th
Department
Department of 1) Defence, 2) Production, 3) R+D, 4) Ex-service welfare
Headed by CDS – (Secretary of this)
Treding policy, establishments, cadre management, defense diplomacy
Deputations – NDA, IMA, OTA
Defense series Staff college
Cadre Review
Deals with procurements except „Capital acquisitions‟ & Defense Import
REGULATION OF DRONES IN INDIA
Use by civilians – threat to national security.
Ministry of Civil Aviation (DGCA) - 2018 Rules Activate from 1st Dec 2018
All drone owners in India – Registration on online portal
„Digital Stay Portal‟ issued – UID – obtain licensed UAOP (Unmanned aircraft
operator permit)
Permission not need – who are working for Defense and Intelligence mandatory for
„Civilian Operator‟.
Also exempt „Nano drones‟ , mainly use as recreational toys.
Regulatory
No fly zones – In sensitive Areas – Airport Defence area
MoCA – deadline for voluntarily Registration
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GSAT – 30 GIVES INDIA A COMMUNICATION BOOST
INAT 4 A – in 2005 – replace by GSAT – 30
15 years mission, two transpondars – provide Services– Normal C band and 12 KU
band Indian mainly
Mostly used for communication.
Differences
Wavelength of dissection of signals in C Band is comparatively large
Dish bigger in C Band, dish smaller in KU Band – wavelength difference
Rain,thunderstroms – signals – gait interrupted in KU in C band
Applications
GSAT – 30 DTH
Connectivity to USATS (Bands Working Support)
Stock exchange
Television up linking
Telecom services
Digital satellite news gadgets
„E-governance‟
THIRTY METRE TELESCOPE SHIFTED OUT OF
PROPOSED SITE
Extremely large
Mauna Kea Island – „Hawaii – USA‟ (also dormant volcano, highest point in
Hawaii).
World‟s largest visible Light Telescope
First time idea – 1980
Took Momentum in 2000.
Joint venture – USA + Canada + China + Japan + India
India – key sponsor – 200 million – Technology. –providing précised polished
mirrors
Expected till 2025 but delayed – agitation by native island peoples put, India wants
it‟s shifting
Also in another news – Preliminary talks on „Joint Asian observatory‟
Consortium – consist – 8 – East Asian countries – to build large telescope.
VYOM WOMEN
Vyom mitra – Humanoid
part of unmanned test flights
Primary design to test environment control and life support system functions detect
invention changes with cabin and change air condition
KUKAN’s WISDOM ACADEMY FOR SELF NOTES
www.upscwala.com https://t.me/TheWisdomAcademyPune 9075003344/8983116644 Page 51 of 51
HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY
Ballistic Missile
Very low altitudes
Carry nuclear warheads
Can maneuver
Can‟t be intercepted
Recently in Dec 2019 – Russia 1st in world tested it
Vehicle Avangard - Hypersonic Glide Vehicle – deliver nuclear weapons – 20 time
the speed of sounds.
China – also developed – DF – 17/ UA
Concern – Russia, China campaigning globally – weakens nuclear deterrence of
both Russia + China
Implications
Miscalculation / misperception track during moments of crisis nuclear warfare
To counter this Arm Race – out space need to work out treaty.
India – balance assessment of positions of this tech.