urban agriculture in kabul catherine laillet. programm geres en afgha
TRANSCRIPT
GERES projets• 1O GH in Jangalak (D7)• Vulnerable people
• 30 GH• Small farmers
• 2 years programs• Income generation • Training by Kabura
Aims of the study
• Getting a better understanding of urban agriculture in post-war situation and of the links between rural and urban areas
=>increase the quality of the programme
Getting a better understanding of
- the farming systems based on vegetables production- the technical constraints - the market chain
=> In order to implement more GH
Context• 23 years of conflicts
Massive decrease of the agricultural production
• Large population increase within Kabul cityLand pressure
• Water shortage: Competition for water
What are the main past and present evolution patterns of the agriculture within Kabul?
Methodology
• Zoning • Individual surveys (history, farming
systems, farmer’s constraints and strategies)
• Focus groups • Interviews with key stakeholders
Key words Agri. policies
Int. markets
inhabitant Farming system
Main constraints
Before the war
Garden, parks, open city, markets and good roads
Yes Open 750 000 Green beltGardens, fruit trees and flowers inside the city
1978-1986Djihad against russia
Refuge city for the rural population
No Close 2 MArrival of rural pop
Wheat mainly Lack of land and water
1986-1992Najibullah regime
Modernization of the agricultural sector
Yes Partly open
2,5 M Increase the wheat yields => increase of hortiDecrease AH
Water = digging wheelsWater table is affected
1992-1996Kabul a Ghost city
War, Kabul is destroyer
No no 800 000 Reduction of farming activities
Working in the field (bombs) Access to water (mines, destruction of canals)
1996-2001: Taliban regime
Embargo, Kabul is empty
No Closed /embargo
500 000 Few vegetables Wheatdrought
Access to water and agro inputs
2001-2006 Competition between urban spaces and agricultural areas
yes yes 3,4- 3,7M Intensification Diversification of incomesIncrease of the flowers market
Water Price of landCompetition from Pak. and other cities
2 types of zones
• Zone 1: Traditional subsistence peri urban agriculture
• Zone 2: Urban irrigated mixed agriculture (market oriented, concurrence for the access to the main resources between urban uses and agricultural purposes.)
The agriculture in kabul nowadays
Pays
Logar
ShamaliJalalabad
Mazar-e-Sharif
PAKISTAN
A city on drip?
•Massive importations from Pakistan and other neighbouring countries
•Open markets
•High population increase
Productions in UA?What is produced?• Home consumption crops • Marketing gardening crops • Ornamental crops• Livestock How is it sold?• Wholesalers • Directly • The flower market
The current situation
Massive increase of the population (new eating habits (Pak, Iran))
=>Increasing difficulties to acces to land and water
• Intensification High demand for vegetables and flowers
• Diversification of incomes
What are the main factors of change?
– New roads building– Disappearance of irrigation canals– City border’s extension– New master plan for the agricultural sector
Potential evolution patterns?
• less water demanding crops Intensification and specialisation Livestock• Better production organisation: supplying,
knowledge, planning , marketing• Need of governmental guarantees: land,
inputs
Does it make sense to keep agriculture in kabul
city?• Will Kabul urban agriculture resist to
competition?• Is it important to take into account the positive
effect of UA in the city?• Are the green houses a solution?