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Urban air quality and abatement measures in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden

Karin Sjöberg

Transport and Clean Air

Moscow, December 11-12, 2013

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Research Institute IVL Swedish Environmental

• Sweden's leading organisation for applied environmental research

• independent, non-profit research institute, owned by a foundation jointly established in 1966 by the Swedish Government and Swedish industry

• around 200 employees

• six major theme areas: Climate and energy, Sustainable building, Air and transport, Sustainable production, Resource-efficient products and waste, and Water

• responsible for the national air quality networks on behalf of the Swedish EPA

• runs an urban air quality network in cooperation with small and medium sized municipalities

• data host for the national air quality database

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Trend of NO2 in Swedish cities

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European emission standards – heavy duty vehicles

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City of Gothenburg ~ 550 000 inhabitants Port of Gothenburg is the largest port in Scandinavia > EU limit values for NO2 and PM10

Air quality plans for NO2 (2004) and PM10 (2006)

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Annual means

NO2 levels in Gothenburg

Number of hours > 200 µg/m3, 2012

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Annual means

PM10 levels in Gothenburg

Monthly means of PM10, 2012

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Local abatement measures in Gothenburg

• Environmental zone within the city centre

• Reduced number of studded tires

• Reduced speed

• Cleaning with water

• Sweeping

• Water drenching

• Dust-binding agents

• Congestion charge

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Environmental zone

Regulation of heavy duty vehicles

• Euro IV allowed until 2016

• Euro V allowed until 2020

• Old vehicles can be adjusted to meet new, stricter requirements

• Regulated emissions of CO, HC, NOX and PM

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Reduced number of studded tires

PM10- 90 percentil dygnsmedelvärde mellan 9 feb till 15 april

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Gårda Haga Friggagatan

Stationer

PM

10-

lokalb

idra

gen

(µg

/m3)

2008 2012

5%

-2% -48%

Dubbdäcksförbud

gatan

PM10- 90 percentil dygnsmedelvärde mellan 16 april till 9 maj

0

5

10

15

20

Gårda Haga Friggagatan

Stationer

PM

10-l

okalb

idra

gen

(µg

/m3)

2008 2012

17%27%

-35%

Dubbdäcksförbud

gatan

16 April – 9 May 2012

9 February – 15 April 2012

Local contribution to PM10 90 percentile of daily mean value

• Studded tires reduction approx. 60% 20% in Friggagatan between

2008 and 2012

• Estimated decrease ~13% of local PM10 contribution to the 90 percentile of daily mean values

• Other factors

• Meteorological variations

• Different local ventilation conditions due to reconstruction

• Different vehicle mileage

• Different dust-binding measures

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Speed reduction (50 40 km/h)

3-5 km/h in reality

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

12-feb 22-feb 04-mar 14-mar 24-mar 03-apr 13-apr 23-apr 03-maj

PM

10 (

µg

/m3)

Haga

Frigga

Hastighetssänkning

No clear results – indicated decrease of 5% for PM10 in Friggagatan

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Effect of dust-binding measures

Monitored (green) and simulated (red) concentrations if no measures, Feb–Apr 2012

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Number of days above the EU limit value

and avoided days of exceedance

17

8

0

9

2

1

Gårda Haga Vasaparken

PM10

Effect of dust-binding measures 2012

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Congestion charge - NO2 in Gothenburg

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Femman

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Gårda

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

01:00 03:00 05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00

Haga

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Congestion charge - PM10 in Gothenburg

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Femman

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Gårda

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Haga

Monday - Friday

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Conclusions

• NO2 levels have decreased

• Introduction of TWC

• Emission regulations

• Environmental zone

• PM10 measures

• Dust-binding

• effective to lower high PM concentrations, the effect remains ~ 2 days

• during unfavourable conditions and high PM concentrations not enough to keep the levels below the limit value

• Effects of other measures more uncertain

• Congestion charge

• Decreased vehicle mileage, decreased NOX emissions

• NO2 concentrations lower at noon, increased levels during rush hours

• PM10 concentrations lower

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Thanks for your attention!