urban design makoko digital version

MakokoUrban Design Toolbox

URBANFABULOUS

Index of content

New Decentralized Infrastructure

Vision

4

14

22

24

45

56

62

72

74

86

New Job Opportunities Upgrade Of The Neighborhood

Life on waterMakoko todayConflicts in the Makoko area

Suggested upgradingBasic relationsChallenges and approaches

Upgrading strategy

Neighborhood Hotspot Closed-loop cycles Key goalsElevationsLayout plans

Solid waste centerSolid waste processingLayout plans

Job opportunitiesOpportunity cards

TourismWaterfront experience

Challenges found in the areaSuggested upgrade

StiltsSlabsRoof and wall cladding

Water harvesting systemToiletHome-grown food

photograph book cover: © FABULOUS URBAN

FABULOUS URBANFabienne Hoelzel, founder, principalClaudia Gonzáles GarcíaMélanie JeannetRujun JiaKaterina KálalováSaskia NiklasDácil Rodriguezwith David Monney

in collaboration with:Center for Understanding Sustainable Practice at Robert Gordon University Aberdeen (neigborhood management)City Ridge Farms, Lagos (urban gardening)Midori Ltd., Lagos (biogas technology)

Project financing partner:Confédération suisseEmbassy of Switzerland in Nigeria

Project implementation partners:Heinrich Böll FoundationLagos State GovernmentLagos Waste Management Authority LAWMAMakoko communitySERAC, LagosUniversity of Lagos UNILAGUrban Spaces Innovation, LagosYaba Local Government, Lagos

Acknowledgment:Christiana Honfor (Makoko community)Henrietta Bidemi (Makoko community)

Our participation in the Venice Biennale 2014 is kindly supported by:SWISSLOS Kanton Aargau

Credits, actors and networks

Urban Design Toolbox: Tools of infrastructureNeighborhood hotspotKey goals

10photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN

Life on water

4

Makoko is an unique area where people have learned how to live with the water instead of fighting it. Without any doubts, there are several challenges in terms of infrastructure, hygiene, health, and steady income, which need to be addressed and solved. But we can as well find an enormous potential here.

Life on water:

transport – boats provide a fully working transport system even during summer rains (increased lagoon level)

business on water – floating market: selling and buying goods

fishing and fish processing

skilled carpenters – production of boats and vernacular architecture on stilts

5

Houses on water

Boat construction

Mobility Transport of big loads

TradingSocial activities

photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

Life on water

6

Makoko chose the second option – houses built up on stilts; a way of construction that is:

highly flexible

low-cost

light

stable

made of locally available wood

highly and smartly adapted to the genius loci: Lagos is built up on a swamp; 22% of its surface are wetlands.

There are basically two options when living next to the water:

Expensive dams, dikes or walls protect people and buildings. People live in coexistence with the water and the form of housing schemes is adapted to the water.

© Drawing: FABULOUS URBAN

photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

Life on waterFlexibility to adapt to varying and rising water levels

8

Reasons why the sea and lagoon level could increase:

temporary summer floods: up to 1.5-2 meters

sea level rise due to the expected climate change*

construction activity in the lagoon: each new land fill will increase the water level of the lagoon, i.e. Banana Island.

*According to the recently published report by the IPCC (Fifth Assessment report, September 2013 - October 2014), the world sea level will increase by 2.6 cm to 9.7 cm per decade, that means sea level will increase by 28 cm to 98 cm until 2100.

–

–

–

Makoko

Lagos, situated between the sea, various lagoons and river streams

drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

9

0,6

- 1m

Possible approach to permanent increase of the water level:

The stilts can be higher, consequently the entire house will be placed higher and will therefore be better protected against the water.

Possible approach to adapt to temporary floods:

The stilt construction allows for adding another (second) floor. The latter can be used during temporary floods (i.e. summer rains) when it is not possible to use the ground floor. All valuable things can there be safe against water.


Life on waterLow-cost disaster management

10

Makoko area during floods:

The first floors of the houses are flooded and not usable during that period. Transportation and suggested elements of infrastructure are still fully working.

Makoko area after floods:

The robust construction of the stilt architecture, the lack of sensitive infrastructure (no isolations, no pipes or wires) and massive elements let the Makoko houses dry quickly after the floods. No serious or expenses damagesremain and there is no cost-intense refurbishment.


Conventional Western concrete construction during flooding:

Serious flooding makes the existing infrastructure partly or entirely unusable and causes heavy damages.

Conventional Western concrete construction after flooding:

The water needs to be pumped from the basements of the buildings and damaged foundations and infrastructure has to be replaced.

11


Makoko todayAverage height of water level


Conflicts in the Makoko area

diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN

Macro: Nigeria, Africa, worldwide

Meso: Lagos

Micro: Makoko

direction of influencewide influence

direction of influencemoderate influence

direction of influencethin influence

The conflicts we find in the Makoko area may reinforce each other on different levels:

Conflicts and area of influence

lack of jobs

lack of income of households

climatechange

rise of sea water level

rise of local lagoon water level

land reclamation projects (Bananaisland etc.)

lack of leisurespaces

lack of green spaces

lack ofinfrastructure

polluted environment

insufficient quality of houses

uncomfortable neighborhood

13

Makoko after suggested upgradingAverage height of water level


The suggested decentralized infrastructure will not only create a better neighborhood but create new job opportunities. The additional income allows people to upgrade their houses themselves. The two measures together will create in the mid and long term a better neighborhood for everybody.

new decentralized infrastructure

new jobopportunities

$

upgrade of the neighborhood

Three basic upgrade toolsBasic relations

15

Makoko after the suggested upgrade and the implementation of the decentralized infrastructureAverage height of water level


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Micro: Makoko

better quality of the houses

additional income for households

cleaner environment

more effective fish processing through suggested fish ponds


new job opportunities

new infrastructure: - Neighborhood Hotspots - solid waste centers- new public spaces

tourism potential

$ $ $

Challenges and approaches

19

Macro: NigeriaAfricaworldwide

Meso: Lagos State

direction of influence

local approach is possible

local approach is partly possible

showcase/ role model

70% of the population lives in slums. Makoko can become a best-practice example for other poor areas.

Makoko as showcase or role model for other regions in similar situations

improved health care: suggested doctor’s room at each Neighborhood Hotspot

raising water level of the Lagos Lagoon

suggested Makoko water-front as new opportunity in Lagos where recreational spaces are scarce

expected global climate change

70%

Urban Design ToolboxNew Decentralized Infrastructure

$

22

We believe that Makoko could become a worldwide showcase for a sustainable and flood-resilient lifestyle and way of construction. We further suggest completing it with flexible, low-cost, low-tech, and flood-resilient infrastructure, which in addition will create jobs and initiate a new ressource based micro-economy, providing waste management and renewable energy.

The suggested infrastructure will be:

highly flexible according to the needs

low-cost and ready to implement immediately

resistant against floods and increasing water level: no vulnerable wired and pipe system

provide new jobs and income and initiate a new local network economy

provide electricity to the entire community

support social activities and provide new basic medical services

environment-friendly due to decentralized energy plants and closed-loop cycles

Suggested urban planning strategy:

Upgrading strategy


upgrading

redevelopment

redeve

lopment

Masterplan of the Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront area with the highlighted suggested public facilities: Neighborhood Hotspots with the renewable energy production, floating markets, recycling stations, schools, and walk-in clinic.

We suggest widening strategically some of the canals for better accessibility.

00 100 500m

Masterplan

Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan

Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions

COLLABORATION

SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG

Masterplan

REVISION DATE PLAN NR.

2

SCALE N

1: 5000

name_of_file

140302_MAK_masterplan

new interventions:

housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)

hospital and research center for waterrelated diseases

eco-hotel

beach houses

schools

On land: Redevelopment approach

new interventions:

neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production

recycling stations

walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)

schools

On water: Upgrading approach

Masterplan

23


500m

Makoko masterplan Situation: neighborhood hotspot

new interventions:housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)hospital and research center for waterrelated diseaseseco-hotelbeach houses

schools


new interventions:neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production

recycling stations


schools

Neigborhood Hotspot area of in�uence

Makoko houses on stilts


24

Neighborhood HotspotPilot implementation

Neighborhood Hotspot:Area of influence/ served households

Makoko houses on stilts

00 100 500m

Masterplan



COLLABORATION


Masterplan


2

SCALE N

1: 5000

name_of_file


new interventions:



eco-hotel

beach houses

schools


new interventions:


recycling stations


schools


Flexible decentralized infrastructure can be provided by a network of shared facilities called “Neighborhood Hotspots”. These small community centers in different parts of Makoko contain decentralized biogas plants and serve as waste business incubator.


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2762

3453

8004

231

800

imported food

locally produced food

community food production

certi�ed Emission Reductions

orga

nic waste

degradable wastesfertilizer

tomato, pepper

loc. prod. food

fertilizer

fert

ilize

r

tomato, pepper

biogas

biogas

electricity

battery

biogas

biog

as

elec

tri

city

electricity

electricity

elec

tric

ity

toile

t b

ags

human

waste

com. food prod. biogasplant

+ -

0

800

imported food

locally produced food


organic and human waste


Existing situation of organic and human waste disposal Suggested closed-loop cycles of organic and human wasteThe Neighbourhood Hotspots with their attached biogas plants function as business incubators, knowledge centers and “brains” of the new organic waste economy. They are owned and organized by the biogas cooperative. The Neighborhood Hotspot network will provide income, increase the standard of living of the Makoko community and create a more healthy environment.

Today, all organic waste is released directly into the lagoon without any treatment whatsoever.

The suggested network of Neighborhood Hotspots and recycling centers is able to provide the urgently needed waste management, completed by socio-economic opportunities.

value losses for the Makoko community

value added chain within the Makoko community

product flow

number of created jobs

cash flowproductsprocessinglocation

Neighborhood Hotspot Closed-loop cycles

diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN

The waste is taken to the nearest biogas plant (Neighborhood Hotspot) and stored in floating biogas digester bags.

Organic waste picking and biogas production

Waste pickers collect organic waste directly at the households, toilet facilities and with the fish processors.

Collected waste: human waste

fish waste

kitchen waste

plant waste

28

Neighborhood HotspotKey goals: biogas production

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Pure sunlight will convert the organic waste into biogas and fertilizer.

The biogas is converted into electricity and distributed through rechargeable car or solar batteries to the Makoko community.

Rechargeable

29

Neighborhood HotspotKey goals

30

Biogas cooking

The biogas can be used for cooking. The Hotspot is due to this community-center character a great place for community biogas cooking with a small restaurant.

Waste upcycling

New handmade products can be created from collected plastic and paper waste. They can be sold at markets or in shopping windows in hotels in Lagos to tourists.

Rain water harvesting system

Rain water is collected, filtrated and stored for different purposes.

Sanitary facilities

Locals can use against a small fee comfortable toilets and showers in the Hotspot. The human waste from the toilets is used for the biogas production; the water for the showers is collected rain water.

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Urban gardening

The fertilizer, the byproduct of the biogas plant will be used to grow food. The gardening knowledge transfer will take place at the Hotspot.

Professional health care

There is a fully equipped doctor’s room at each Hotspot, operated in collaboration with a medical foundation and newly trained community members (nurses).

Empowering girls and women

Especially girls should be empowered through basic education on health care and contraception. The idea is further to provide a small library and a few shared computers in a multi-purpose room.

31

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increased water level by 1mnormal water level

lagoon water

unstable ground

solid ground

Floor plan: �rst �oor

Elevation: east

increased water level by 1 m

normal water level

unstable ground

lagoon water

solid ground

0 1 5 10 m

0.1 biogas digester bags0.2 biogas storage bags0.3 fertilizer storage0.4 �oating decks

1.1 restaurant1.2 battery kiosk1.3 biogas fridge1.4 biogas kitchen1.5 upcycling workshop1.6 rainwater storage1.7 bathroom ladies1.8 bathroom gentlemen

Neighborhood HotspotElevation

32

The Neighborhood Hotspot includes two main functions: biogas plant and shared facilities.

Boats with biogas digester bags (biogas plant): Access to the boats is ensured by floating decks. Both, boats and access decks adapt at any time to the water level.


The robust two-floor object is built up on stilts, following the local architecture tradition.

The stilts protude 1.6 meter above today’s normal water level, that is why the Hotspot is not threatened by increasing water level. The robust structure would nevertheless allow for temporary flooding.

Neighborhood HotspotElevation

33

increased water level by 1mnormal water level

lagoon water

unstable ground

solid ground

Elevation: south


normal water level

unstable ground

lagoon water

solid ground

0 1 5 10 m

2.1 waiting room/ multi-purpose room2.2 biogas technology2.3 doctor’s o�ce2.4 study room/ community room


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Elevation: south


normal water level

unstable ground

lagoon water

solid ground

0 1 5 10 m

2.1 waiting room/ multi-purpose room2.2 biogas technology2.3 doctor’s o�ce2.4 study room/ community room

Floor plan: �rst �oor

Elevation: east


normal water level

unstable ground

lagoon water

solid ground

0 1 5 10 m

0.1 biogas digester bags0.2 biogas storage bags0.3 fertilizer storage0.4 �oating decks

1.1 restaurant1.2 battery kiosk1.3 biogas fridge1.4 biogas kitchen1.5 upcycling workshop1.6 rainwater storage1.7 bathroom ladies1.8 bathroom gentlemen

Floor plan: second floor

2.1 waiting room/ hanging gardens2.2 biogas technology2.3 doctor’s room2.4 study room/ community room

2.1

2.2

2.4 2.3

1.2

1.1

0.2 0.2

0.30.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.4 0 5 10m

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

1.4

1.6

1.71.5

1.3

Floor plan: first floor

0.1 digester bag0.2 biogas bag0.3 fertilizer storage0.4 floating decks1.1 restaurant1.2 battery kiosk 1.3 biogas kitchen1.4 upcycling workshop1.5 rainwater storage1.6 bathroom gentlemen1.7 bathroom ladies

Neighborhood HotspotLayout plans

35drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

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Neighborhood HotspotReturn of investment

37

=

The operation of the Neighborhood Hotspots is provided by a biogas cooperative.

The cooperative pays each worker the same monthly salary of 18,000 Naira (minimum wage).The rest will be saved in a fund for reinvestment and maintenance.

earnings

savings of the cooperative

income of the workers

36 months

selling water80,000 N

cooking fee45,000 N

selling toilet bags264,000 N

charging batteries510,000 N

biogas cooking entrepreneur18,000 N

biogas entrepreneur18,000 N

toilet entrepreneur18,000 N

waste picker18,000 N

biogas cooperative

16,703,100 N investment costsof entire hotspot

public toilet

urban gardeningrainwater

harvesting

organic wastepicking

biogas cooking

public toilet


harvesting


biogas cooking

public toilet


harvesting


biogas cooking

Neighborhood Hotspot

study room, multi-purpose space

neighborhoodmanagement

urban gardeningrain waterharvesting biogas cooking

biogas kiosk

public toiletorganic waste

picking

household toilet

households food businesses

biogas cooperative = 18,000 N/worker

health facility

infrastructure/ technology

capacity building/ education

individuals/ businesses within the community


cash flow outside of the biogas cooperative

cash flow within the biogas cooperative

38

Neighborhood HotspotCash flow

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Neighborhood HotspotProduct flow

40

public toilet


harvesting


biogas cooking

public toilet


harvesting


biogas cooking

public toilet


harvesting


biogas cooking


study room, multi-purpose space

neighborhoodmanagement

urban gardeningrain waterharvesting biogas cooking

biogas kiosk

public toiletorganic waste

picking

household toilet

households food businesses

biogas cooperative

health facility

infrastructure/ technology

capacity building/ education

individuals/ businesses within the community


related to organic waste

related to electricity

related to water

related to fertilizer URBANFABULOUS

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0 1 5 m

Solid waste center


00 100 500m

Masterplan



COLLABORATION


Masterplan


2

SCALE N

1: 5000

name_of_file


new interventions:



eco-hotel

beach houses

schools


new interventions:


recycling stations


schools


Solid waste economy

46

Another part of the flexible infrastructure are the solid waste recycling centers.

They ensure:

collection of the solid waste

processing of the solid waste

selling of the processed waste

We suggest the implementation of two solid waste centers. According to our calculations, their capacity would ensure the processing of today’s solid waste production in the neighborhood. drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

The new solid waste economy provides:

income

new job opportunities for locals

cleaner, more livable environment

Solid waste picking

The solid waste is collected every three days directly at the households. The pickers use canoes for that activity.

Collected waste: PET bottles

aluminium cans

LPDE sachets

plastic products

glass bottles

cardboard

textiles

The solid waste picking and processing is secured and operated by the solid waste cooperative, which also runs the recycling centers.

47

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Solid waste centerSolid waste processing

Solid waste is sorted by the processors at the recycling center. In the beginning, the waste is sorted and washed. Later, there would be investment in processing machines (shredding, granuling etc.).

The sorted and processed waste is sold to companies such as LAWMA and private companies like Coca-Cola. Processed waste gets higher selling prices.

The solid waste containes no organic elements, so it does not smell and workers need no veil to their faces. The use of gloves is necessary.

Processed waste:

PET bottles

aluminium cans

LPDE sachets textiles plastic products

glass bottles

cardboard

At first, we suggest building one solid waste center. A second center will be opened as soon as the solid waste cooperative has learned to manage the center. More centers may be needed due to increased weath and tourism activities.

Once the cooperative will have stable income, the waste washing machines and other waste processing machines can be bought.

Storage Sorting Crushing Bales storage

Solid waste recycling center - processing of the waste:


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Solid waste centerLayout plan

50

The solid waste center has one floor only and is built on a modular grid 2.4 meters by 2.4 meters. Used materials are local wood, bamboo sticks, and MDF panels.

The space is divided into three parts; functionally, spatially, structurally:

1 Service line

2 Water line

3 Process line

2

1

3

1.1 reception1.2 rainwater storage 1.3 toilets1.4 changing rooms, showers3.5 waste storage3.6 waste processing3.7 big bins with sorted waste3.8 crushing area3.9 storage of processed waste

1.1

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

1.2 1.3 1.41.4

0 1 5 m

drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN URBANFABULOUS

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0Imported items

Nationally produced items

Non-organic waste

24 20

10

Sorted and processed wasteSorted w

aste

Sorted w

aste

Processed waste

Non-organic waste

Sorted wasteProcessed waste

New products

Sorted waste

Certi�ed Emission Reductions

Imported items

Nationally produced items

New products

New products

New products

New products

New products

Existing situation of solid waste disposal Suggested closed-loop cycles of solid wasteSolid (non-organic) waste is collected, sorted and processed. After that solid waste is sold to LAWMA company (and to other companies), where it is recycled.This process will provide income, increase the standard of living of the Makoko community and create a more healthy environment.

value added chain within the Makoko community

product flow

number of created jobs

cash flow

products

processingplace

Today, all solid waste is released directly into the lagoon without any treatment whatsoever.

The suggested network of solid waste recycling centers is able to provide the badly needed waste management, completed by socio-economic opportunities.

Solid waste centerClosed-loop cycles


value losses for the Makoko community

Urban Design ToolboxNew Job Opportunities

$


amount of jobs

18,000 N minimum wage

monthlyincome/ person

Today, 40% of the Makoko community lives below poverty line (on less than 1.25 US$/ day) and almost no-one is able to secure their livelihoods.*

*Data based on field research Makoko April 2013 and Rosemary Omoayena Yadua, Determinants of Urban Housing for the Poor, 2009)

Job opportunities in MakokoCurrent job situation

56

+ -

Job situation after implementation of the waste economy and other suggested opportunities:

existing jobs

transformed jobs

new jobs through the suggested waste economy

target areaamount of jobs

18,000 N minimum wage

The aim of the Makoko economic development plan is to create new job opportunities trough the new waste economy and improved existing job opportunities.

It is a declared goal that all these jobs generate a salary above 18,000 Naira.* All our calculations on the amount of jobs, on turnover, benefit, and hence re-investment are based on this value.

*Minimum wage in Nigeria according to the EFInA (Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access)

Job opportunities in MakokoNew opportunities

diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN 57

monthlyincome/ person

Opportunity cards

58

Social business opportunitiesimpact oriented

Pro-profit business opportunitiesmarket oriented

Organic waste economy *new* Leisure and tourism *new*

Fishing and fish processing existing, improved

Urban manufacturing existing, improved

Market and trading existing, improved

Solid waste economy *new*

photographs and visualizations: © FABULOUS URBAN

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Social businessSolid waste picking



COLLABORATION


Masterplan


SCALE N

1: 5000

name_of_file


new interventions:



eco-hotel


new interventions:


recycling stations


draft as of Aug, 16, 2013

Possible amount of facilities: 2

Business entity: Recycling center serving half of Makoko

Business structure: Solid waste cooperative

Owner: Solid waste cooperative

Operator: Solid waste cooperative

Served gaps:

Impact: Cleaner environment, no disposal of waste directly into the water, jobs for locals

Target group:

Investment:3

initial [N] further [N]

Income:4

total/month [N] worker/month [N]

Total jobs:

Space: minimum [m2] maximum [m2]

Users/households served: 14,984 user and 1,873 households served

Social business

#pro Makoko #improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities

Information:Solid waste pickers pick every three days solid waste directly at the household level. The waste is brought to the recycling station where it is sorted by solid waste processors.

Facilities:Recycling station with space for storage and process-ing, room for the workers, office structure with in total around 100 m2 or more.

Minimum requirements:Waste canoes,recycling stations, work clothes, train-ing of the workers

Collected waste: - PET bottles - aluminium cans - LDPE sachets

- glass bottles - cardboard - textiles

Price:1

- PET bottles 20 - 40 N/kg - aluminium cans 120 N/kg - LDPE sachets 30 N/kg - glass bottles 5 N/kg - cardboard 5 N/kg - textiles 2 N/kg

Type of jobs created:2

- solid waste pickers - office structure

Stakeholders: - locals - waste picker and management cooperative - LAWMA - private and public (recycling) firms - knowledge transfer: wecyclers

Solid waste picking

Juli 2013 500,000 N = 3,090 USD10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD

36

< 500,000 > 10 mil.

< 100,000 > 500,000

< 0.5 mil. > 1 mil.

< 18,000 > 36,000

< 100 > 200

< 50 > 100< 50 > 100

http://www.ruralcostarica.com/

Biogas kiosk and plant

00 100

Masterplan

Social business

Biogas kiosk and plant

500m

Possible amount of facilities: 23 - 1179

Business entity: Biogas plant with 4 rubber bags (4m, 6m, 12m, 20m)

Business structure: Biogas cooperative

Owner: Biogas cooperative

Operator: Biogas cooperative

Bridged gaps:

Impact: Electricity for the locals, improving the environment, new job opportunities

Target group:

Investment:7

initial [N] further [N]

Income:8

total/month [N] worker/month [N]

Total jobs:

Space: minimum [m2] maximum [m2]

Users/households served:9 Average of 176-880 people and 22-110 households each day

Social business

#improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities #autonomous neighbour-hood

Information:Biogas plants are implemented to generate biogas and electricity by fully using the organic (fish guts, hoseuhold waste etc.) and human waste. The fertilizer as a byproduct of the biogas plant is sold and used for the production of home-grown food. The biogas plants use decidedly low technology, requiring only rubber bags and sunlight, which is in Lagos available en masse. The biogas is converted into electricity, which is distributed through recheargable (car) batteries. With each biogas plant comes a biogas kiosk, where people can charge the batteries (500 Watt – basic energy consumption for two days/household: 2 bulbs, 1 tv and 1 fan) against an appropriate fee. Hospitals, schools, street lightning etc. are served directly by the plant.

Facilities:Biogas plant with biogas kiosk and 4 biogas digester

bags of 2.5m width and 4m, 6m, 12m or 20m length on boats, a place for storage and charging of the batteries, an office and a selling room > concept neighborhood hotspot

Minimum requirements:4 biogas bags, batteries, inverter, gas cleaning equipment, generator, storage bags, work clothes, training

Products: – electricity

Price: – 250 N/ charged battery

Type of jobs created:6

– biogas workers – security – office structure

Stakeholders: – locals – biogas cooperative – biogas technology firms

Juli 2013 500,000 N = 3,090 USD10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD

9 -15

< 500,000 > 10 mil.

< 100,000 > 500,000

< 0.5 mil. > 1 mil.

< 18,000 > 36,000

< 5 > 20

< 100 > 500< 100 > 500

The opportunity cards explain in detail all the new job opportunities: economically, socially, spatially. They inform about minimal investment, minimal spatial requirements, expected turnover, target group, new jobs, and profit.

Title of the opportunity

List of minimal requirements, products, estimated price, type of jobs created, and involved stakeholders

Suggested business structure; info on operator, owner, impact, and target group

Financial aspects: overview of investment and income

Other important numbers: number of total job positions, required space, and users served

Cover image: summary or vision of the activity

Main information on activity and description of the general idea

Facilities needed for the activity

Map of Makoko with possible location(s) of activity

Opportunity cards

diagram and visualization: © FABULOUS URBAN

TourismWaterfront experience

62

The Makoko area has a great potential for tourism.

Tourists in Makoko could experience:

a different lifestyle

a boat tour trough Makoko

local and fresh fish dishes

buy handmade articles, i.e. shopping bags from recycled materials

a night in a local accomodation on the water

Makoko wellness

workshops

A soft, local, ecologically and socially conscious tourism will increase the income of the Makoko community and create new job opportunities.

Beyond waste management and sanitary facilities, as provided by the neighborhood hotspots, additional facilities such as simple restaurants, simple hotels and hostels, shops etc. could be implemented with little effort and financial investment and run by the locals.

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Green spacesWetlands

64

We suggest an entirely new waterfront experience with wetlands, trees and plants, fish ponds and community gardens.

The retrofitted waterfront with wetlands can become a new green leisure and recreational space for entire Lagos.


URBANFABULOUS

Wetlands, fish ponds, and upgraded Makoko on water

Master plan - zoom in Layout plan

Waterfront

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drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN

The waste collection and processing will help to develop a productive ecosystem with fish ponds and community gardens, which again feeds into the tourism development.lagoon

waste water clean water

Fish ponds Agriculture Community gardenwith fruit trees and bushes

New ecosystem Recreational and educational purposes

67drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN

TourismAnalyses of target groups

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S

E C O

Origin Strategy StrategyTarget groups

Business travelers

ECO&culture lifestyle

Socially&ECOlogicallyconcious travelers

S

E C O

OriginTarget groups

Nigerian Diaspora

Ex-pats

Middle/Upper-class


TourismStrategy map: Lagos State

Murtala MuhammedInternational Airport

Lagos Island

Victoria IslandBadagry

Apapa Port

Tin Can Port

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Makoko as part of a holistic Lagos-wide tourism strategy

Strategy I: Living on waterthe ancient wisdom of vernacular architecture

Strategy II: Metropolitan waterfrontinternational architecture blends with African tradition

Strategy III: Nature-water experiencediscovering the lagoon scenery of Lagos

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Makoko


Urban Design ToolboxUpgrade Of The Neighborhood

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Challenges found in the area and suggested approachSummary

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General challenges:

inappropriate material of stilts, roof and wall cladding

irregular arrangement of elements (grid etc.)

main construction is not solid and stiff enough

elements are not firmly fixed together (general stiffness)

stilts are not regularly and accordingly dimensioned, and they sometimes do not reach solid ground

Possible approaches

consistent application of appropriate material: corrugated iron, wooden boards and sticks

regular arrangement of all elements (grid, facade etc.)

reinforcement of the main construction

elements firmly fixed together (general stiffness)

all the stilts should be dimensioned and implemented properly

all the stilts should always reach solid ground


Upgraded Makoko house as suggested:

Current state:

Suggested upgrade

photograph and visualization: © FABULOUS URBAN

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The stilts must be arranged in regular grids, and all the stilts must be identical in material and dimensions, positioned in solid ground.

StiltsChallenges and approaches

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The stilts are irregular, they do not have the same dimensions and they are made from different types of wood. They are not arranged in a regular grid and they are not long enough to reach solid ground nor to protect the house from the increasing water level of the lagoon.

drawing and photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN

StiltsStability

Current state:

House with irregular, unequal, and short stilts – dangerous structure

Suggestion:

House with regular, equal, and long stilts – stable and solid construction

drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

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Stilts are not arranged regularly and the grid dimension is random. Also, in most cases the stilts have no regular cross-section area. We further observed that the stilts are often not made from the same type of wood, which may cause instability, too. It is probable that the mentioned construction problems have to a large extent to do with poverty.

Current state:

Possible approach already applied in the area by locals:

Regular grids and stilt cross-sections areas can be found at some of the houses, probably since these people are able to afford better construction material and/ or are skilled carpenters and other manufacturers.

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StiltsRegular grid and dimensions

drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN1.5 - 2m

Makoko houses

lagoon water

unstable ground

solid ground

Makoko houses

increased water level by 1.5 mincreased water level by 1 mnormal level of water todaylagoon water

unstable ground

solid ground

Currently, the houses are protected from the water during most of the year, but they can be flooded during heavy summer rains.

In case the stilts are higher than at least 1.6 m above the normal water level, the house is fully protected from rising water levels and temporary floods.

Possible approach during summer floods:

Diagram of the current state, normal water level:

StiltsLength


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SlabsChallenges and solutions

Solid, stiff, and reinforced slab: consequently, the construction is stable.

The slab is not solid enough, which causes instability (slightly or massively sagging bottom).

© Drawing and photo: FABULOUS URBAN

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SlabsRegular, solid and stiff slabs

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Slab without reinforcement Solid slab platform made of beams in two directions (primary and secondary structure); above a light floor covering

Correctly constructed slabs are working together with stilts.


Current state during strong wind and storms:

The facade construction of many houses is poor. There is a frequent use of inappropriate materials, i.e. plastic foils. This may lead to serious damages at the facade during strong winds and storms.Through poor cladding, rainwater can get inside of the house.

Facade parts, without solid cladding, should have mosquito nets to protect indoor space against mosquitos (malaria prevention).

Roof and wall cladding


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© Drawing and photos: FABULOUS URBAN

The roof and wall cladding are made up from appropriate material, the roof elements and junctions are firmly attached to the rest of the construction.

Roof and wall claddingChallenges and approaches

Water harvesting systemPrinciple

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Houses with no water harvesting system: Houses with water harvesting system:


The use of rain water is easy and effective. It can be easily collected from the roofs in barrels. After filtration, it can be used immediately or it can be stored in barrels and used later, i.e. in the dry season.

We can use rain water for:

watering plants (home-grown food/ urban gardening)

cleaning houses, boats etc.

showering and other activities of personal hygienic

cleaning dishes and washing clothes

cooking and drinking – after special filtration

For most of the above mentioned activities, the rain water needs to filtered using simple filtring systems with textile membrane, sand and gravel.

Grey water recycling:

The grey water from showers and sinks has to be collected and filtered before being released into the water bodies or used again.

Water harvesting system

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1 Summer rains 2 Rain water is automatically collected in the barrels

The used water has again to be collect. It may be recycled, filtred and used again.

We can use it for watering plants and for rough cleaning, i.e. cleaning the floor.

We can store it in barrels.

We have to filtrate the water.The first few liters of rain water cannot be used; it is black and highly polluted. It therefore needs to be released into the lagoon.

Water harvesting systemRain water use

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The water is filtrated in a barrel trough textile filter, sand and gravels.

Complete filtration process with simple filter systems

Simple filtration to produce water to shower, wash dishes and clothes

Drinking water

The used water should be collected again. It may be recycled, filtred and re-used.

3 Filtration

Attention: Chemical soaps can destroy the textile membrane filter and should therefore not be used.

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Toilet

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Today, the human waste is mostly disposed directly into the lagoon. There is no value-added chain nor a closed-loop cycle.

We suggest using a toilet system with bio-degradable bags, in which the human waste is safely, easily, and hygienically stored. The organic waste picker collect it once a day and transport it to the various, decentralized biogas plants (Neighborhood Hotspots), where it is recycled and used for biogas production.

drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

The result is a win-win situation: The Makoko residents can live in a cleaner environment, waste becomes an opportunity and people can earn money with the new waste recycling economy.

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Plants can be grown at each house, building or platform. This activity is cheap and everybody, including children can be involved.

The vegetables, mainly tomatoes and pepper are grown in recycled rice sacks, barrels, PET bottles, boxes etc.

The Makoko residents can improve their knowledge on gardening at workshops at the Neighborhood Hotspots. Fertilizer, soil, and seeds will be sold at the biogas kiosk.

Why to grow vegetables?

to reduce expenses for daily commodities

to enrich the diet of Makoko people

to make the neighborhood more agreeable

to make the neighborhood more attractive

Home-grown food

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