Urban Problems Related To Energy

Urban Problems Related To Energy

URBANRURALAnurban areais the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areashave nonagricultural jobs.Urban areasare very developed,meaningthere is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. "Urban area" can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs.An rural areais the region outside a city. Most inhabitants of rural areashave agricultural jobs.Rural areasare not developed,meaningthere is less density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. Rural area" can refer to villages.

EnergyEnergy is the power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

Energy DemandIn developed countries (besides India) the amount of energy used is much more compared to underdeveloped / developing countries. Industrialized developed countries use energy for these purposes: (i) residential and commercial(ii) industrial (iii) transportation. In less-developed countries ( for example India), most of the energy is used by individuals.

The economics of energy consumption describe that a country with high GNP (gross national product roughly national income) use less per capita energy for residential and commercial needs, than a less developed country like Africa and India.Reason is very simple. North Americans use air conditioning, refrigeration, water heating and space heating. So 75 percent energy is used in these gadgets. In India, almost all of the energy used in home is for cooking due to scarcity and high cost of fuel.

The energy demanding activities include:Residential and commercial lighting!

Modern life styleElectrical Gadgets in houses, offices & business establishments.

TransportationIncludes automobiles, trains, metro-rails.

Industrial PlantsThese consume a big portion of energy.Manufacturingaccounts for 85% of industrial energy use. That includes:Processing food and materials like petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, wood, and other mineralsRefining oil and gasHeat treating metalAssembling cars

Industrial energy use also includesnon-manufacturingactivities, like:AgricultureConstructionMiningWater and wastewater treatment

Seasons!In summers, water supply decides the flow of electricity

Waste DisposalUsing energy based techniques for the disposal of huge amount of waste.Incineration-Incinerationis a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.Incinerationof waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.Gasification-Gasificationis a process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.

Prevention & ControlDepending on energy based technologies for the prevention & control of air, water, thermal & nuclear pollution.Air Pollution:1. Carpool. 2. Walk or ride a bicycle. 3. Shop by phone or mail. 4. Ride public transit. 5. Telecommute.Thermal Pollution:1. Cooling towers. 2. Cooling ponds.

Water Pollution: 1. No rubbish in streams. 2. Use water wisely. 3. Dont throw chemicals, oils, paints, etc in water. 4. Avoid overuse of chemicals and pesticides.

Nuclear Pollution: 1. Follow safety measures. 2. Leakage be checked regularly.