urban wind turbines in the netherlands yigall schilp, ministry of housing, spatial planning and the...
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Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands
Yigall Schilp, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Henry Terlouw, Municipality of The Hague
Jadranka Cace, RenCom
Commissioner’s Forum: Urban Wind TurbinesJuly 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC
July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 2
Yigall Schilp policy makerspatial planner, Mscproject: windenergy on land
Planning wind energy on a national level
July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 3
The Netherlands in Europe
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Dutch Facts– Over 16,5 million inhabitants – Capital: Amsterdam – Surface area: 42.000 KM2 (roughly 1/3 the size of
NY State)– Very densely populated spatial planning
important
Planning system
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Organization
T h e E n viro n m e nt
L o ca l S pa tia l P la nn ing N a tio n a l S p a tia l P o licy
P ro jec t W in d en e rgy o n la nd
S p atia l p la nn ing a nd E n v iro n m e nt- to p ics b o th e nv iron m en ta l
a n d sp a tia l
S p a tia l P la nn ing
M in is te r
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EU sustainability goals
In 2020:
• Reduction CO2 emissions by 30%
• Renewable energy 20% percent of total energyuse
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Project “Windenergy on land” (1)Large scale wind turbines
• Now 2000MW on land and 230MW at sea
• 6000MW on land in 2020 and 6000MW at sea in 2020
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Project “Windenergy on land” (2)Small turbines ( up to 15m)
National objectives for small turbines:
• At least: less obstructional policies
• At most: stimulating policies
• Use small turbines for social basis/acceptance
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Small turbines (1)
Current obstructional policies
• In Environmental bill (detailed rules and procedures for environmental permit)
• In building permit (hard to get without certification)
• In zoning plan (long and expensive procedure to change)
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Small turbines (2)
Planned stimulating policies
• Easier to get environmental permit (strike few regulations per 1/1 2011)
• Easier to build (building permit easier with certification) • Experiments for changing rules and regulations (Crisis and
Recovery Bill)• 6 municipalities• Mini turbine (max 10m) for a period of 10 years• First step: non-residential areas• Permanent evaluation• Goal: change unnecessary rules and regulations
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Small turbines (3)
Goal: Gain social basis for wind energy in general
• …Contribute to sustainable image / Likeability-factor
• …Fast homegrown results (you make you own power)
• …Handlings perspective (you can build and own it yourself)
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In conclusion
• More consistency in policy • Less rules and regulations • ‘it’s easy being green’
‘The Hague Climate Neutral’
Henry Terlouw
Coordinator Climate Change
The Hague
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Jadranka Cace, RenCom
• Renewable energy consultant • Owner of Renewable Energy Company (RenCom)
• Services:• policy development• product development • project management
• Contact:• [email protected] • http://nl.linkedin.com/in/jadrankacace• www.urbanwind.net/pdf/SMALL_WIND_TURBINES_GUIDE_final.pdf
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How small is small?
IEC definition • rotor diameter 0,75 - 25 m• rotor surface 0,5 - 200 m2
• rated power 0,1 -50 kW
NWEA definitions (Netherlands Wind Energy Association)• Small wind turbines in built surroundings:
– rated power* ≤ 6 kW (*rated power at 12 m/s)– pole < 15 m
• Small wind turbines in industrial and rural areas:– rated power < 30 kW– pole < 25 m
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Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (1)
Passaat, Montana, Alize
Rated power 1,4 kW 5 kW10 kW
www.fortiswindenergy.com
Tulipo
Rated power 2,5 kW
www.thesunfactory.info
TWFi
Rated power 0,6 kW 1 kW2,7 kW6,6 kW
www.thesunfactory.info
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Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (2)
Energy Ball
Rated power 0,5 kW 2,25 kW
www.homeenergyamericas.com
DONQI
Rated power 1,75 kW
www.donqi.eu/engels
Piqo
Rated power 0,65 kW
www.everkinetiq.nl
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Dutch small wind turbines with vertical axis (VAWT)
Turby
Rated power 2,8 kW
www.turby.nl
Urban Turbine by Ecofys
Rated power 2,5 kW
http://realnewenergy.com
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UWT’s: Aspects to consider
• Location: wind conditions
• Turbine: safety, energy efficiency, noise, vibrations
• Spatial aspects: visual effects on surrounding
• Energy balance: electricity generation versus demand (saving)
• Building integration: load, force, vibrations, contact sound, accessibility
• Grid connection: requirements of the local grid operator
• Social aspects: building owner, tenants, neighbors
• Financial aspects: costs (all-in), incentives, tariff (€/kWh), maintenance
• Monitoring: kWh generated, -used, -into grid
• Maintenance, guarantees
• Permits
• Manufacturer/supplier
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Wind conditions
h
≥ 20 x h
1. 2.
3. 4.
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Quick scan location
Distance >20 times the height of the obstacle? Location OK
Measure wind
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
no
Location OKOpen location on the
coast?
Location higher than 20 m? Measure wind
Obstacles in the direction of the prevailing wind? Location OK
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Stepping stones UWT project
• Quick scan location
• Pre-selection turbines
• Apply for quote
• Roof scan
• Financial feasibility
• Permit requirements
• Decision making: ‘go’ - ‘no-go’
• Agreements tenants and neighbors
• Apply for permit
• Commission, execution
• Monitoring, maintenance
Artist impression Tulipo turbines,Railway Station, The Hague
July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC
Bottlenecks UWT projects in NL
• Market not transparent
• No independent market information
• Turbines not certified
• No dedicated legal framework
• No incentives
• (Public) acceptance
Test field in Schoondijke
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July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC
Pilot project The Hague
• Target 30 - 50 UWTs
• 6 permits in three years
• Procedures take up to 1,5 year
• 6 turbines installed
• 36 turbines in process
• 20 turbines refused
• Reasons for refusing:
o Spatial planning
o Anticipated visual disturbances
o Protests tenants and neighbors
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Donqi turbines, Wooninvest, The Hague