urinary system/renal system
DESCRIPTION
Renal system Notes for Medical Transcriptionist(Beginner) by Dr Bali, NagpurTRANSCRIPT
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Urinary system
• It consist of organs that produce, collect and eliminates urine
• It consist of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder & urethra
Function:Blood regulation thru erythropoietin,
renin, vitamin DFluid & Electrolyte Balance & VolumeAcid-Base BalanceWaste elimination i.e nitrogenous
waste in form of urea formed in liver by breakdown of proteins along with urine
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External anatomy:Bean shaped, paired structure, right lower than left
Internal anatomy: cortex, medulla
Suprarenal(adrenal gland)
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• Functional unit is the nephron( 1 million)
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Ureter• Muscular tube 10 to 12 inches in length
• Valveless
• Function
transport of urine from kidney to bladder
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Urinary Bladder• It is a hollow muscular organ situated in pelvic cavity, reservoir of
urine• Average capacity is 450 to 600 ml
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urethra• Small tube leading
from the floor of urinary bladder
• 1.5 inch in length in females & 8 inch in male
• Function:
passageway for urine
& semen
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Abbreviations• ADH- antidiuretic hormone• ARF- acute renal failure• BUN-blood urea nitrogen• CAPD-continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis• Cath- catherization• Cysto: cystoscopic examination• CRF- chronic renal failure• ESRD-end stage renal disease• Cl- : chloride• HCO – bicarbonate• ESWL- extracarboreal schock wave lithotripsy• HD- haemodialysis• IVP- intravenous pyelogram• K+ - potassium• Na+ - sodium• KUB – kidney ureter bladder• PH – acidic / alkaline• PKU- Phenylketonuria• UA – urine analysis• UTI – urinary tract infection• VCUG – voiding cystourethrogram
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Terminology in urinary system
Combining form Meaning terminology
Cyst/o Urinary bladder Cystocele
Meat/o Meatus Meatotomy
Pyel/0 Renal pelvis Pyelolithotomy
Ureter/o Ureter Uretroileostomy
Vesic/o Urinary bladder Vesicoureteral reflux
Azot/o Nitrogen Azotemia
dips./o Thirst Polydipsia
Lith/o Stone Nephrolithiasis
Olig/o Scanty Oliguria
Tripsy To crush Lithotripsy
Cali/o Calix Caliectasis
Glomerul/o Glomerulus glomerular
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Pathological conditions of kidney & urether
• Gout• Glomerulonephritis• Interstitialnephritis• Nephrolitiaisis• Nephrotic syndrome• Polycystic kidney• Pyelitis & pyelonephritis• Renal cell ca• Wilms tumour• Renal failure• Renal hypertension• urethritis
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Abnormal constituents of urine & some symptoms
• Albuminuria• Glycosuria• Haematuria• Pyuria• Acetonuria• Bilrubinuria• Urobilinogenuria• Anuria• Dysuria• Polyuria• nocturia
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Investigations
• Urine analysis• Blood test: BUN, Creatinine cleareance test• CT scan• MRI• Intravenous pyelogram• Renal angiography• KUB xray• VCUG• Retrograde pyelogram• USG• Radioisotopes study
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Urine analysisURINE ROUTINE EXAMINATION• TEST OBSERVATION NORMAL GENERAL EXAMINATION• Volume ml• Colour Pale yellow• Appearance Clear• Deposits absent• Reaction(pH) 4.5-8.0• Specific gravity 1.01- 1.03CHEMICAL EXAMINATION• Urine Protein Absent• Urine Sugar Absent• Urine Ketones Absent• Occult blood Negative• Bile pigment Absent• Bile salts Absent• Urobilinogen Normal• Nitrite NegativeMICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION• Red blood cells Absent• Pus cells Absent• Epithelial cells Absent• Crystals Absent• Cast Absent• Amorphous deposits Absent• Bacteria Absent• Trichomonas Vaginalis Absent• Yeast cells Absent• Pregnancy test