u.s. corn production · plante hectares (1,000s) harveste (1,000s) average yiel mtha total...

U.S. CORN PRODUCTION

T O N E W B E G I N N I N G S .

of

2 U.S. CORN PRODUCTION

A LETTERFROM NCGA

JON DOGGETTCEO

KEVIN ROSSPRESIDENT

Resilience. What word better embodied the spirit of America’s corn farmers

in 2019? Facing persistent economic challenges, regulatory and legislative

hurdles, and a wide array of weather-related setbacks from planting to harvest,

the men and women who grow corn stood strong. Farmers persevered to grow

a healthy crop. The determination they displayed throughout 2019 contributed

to their mission to sustainably feed and fuel a healthy, growing world. In many

ways, America’s most quintessential crop embodied the resilient spirit of our

country. Explore the importance of this achievement and learn more about the

families who grow our nation’s bounty and the incredible opportunities offered

by corn.

10.6METRIC TON

HECTAREharvested in 2019

1.6METRIC TON

HECTAREharvested in 1929

NCGA recognizes the difficult harvest conditions facing farmers in many states. In recognition of the significant unharvested acreage in Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin, USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, a main source of data for this report, noted in the Annual Crop Production Summary for 2019 that respondents in the aforementioned states with unharvested hectares will be re-contacted in the spring and this may result in further updates to the published data. The report as published on January 10, 2020 includes unharvested area and expected production. Please note, updates related to this data will be reflected on www.worldofcorn.com as further information becomes available.

U.S. CORN PRODUCTION4 5WORLD OF CORN

U.S. All Crop Hectares Harvested 2018 – 2019

(1,000 hectare)

2018 2019

Corn (grain) 32,905 32,989Corn (silage) 2,478 2,667Soybeans 35,463 30,373Hay 21,392 21,225Wheat 16,037 15,045Cotton 4,132 4,779Sorghum (grain) 2,049 1,893Sorghum (silage) 107 137Rice 1,178 1,001Barley 802 883Canola 786 773Dry Edible Beans 821 476Peanuts 556 563Sunflower 493 504Dry Edible Peas 327 426Sugar Beets 444 396

2018 2019

Potatoes 411 381Oats 350 334Sugar Cane 364 369Lentils 291 174Rye 111 126Proso Millet 158 188Flaxseed 80 129Tobacco 118 92Safflower 63 62Mustard Seed 40 36Peppermint 24 21Hops 22 23 Other 1,733 2,100TOTAL 121,152 115,364

Source: USDA, NASS, Crop Production 2019 Summary, Jan. 10, 2020

U.S. Select Crop Value($ billion)

Source: USDA WASDE Jan. 10, 2020

CORN

SOYBEANS

WHEAT

SORGHUM

BARLEY

OATS $0.15$0.16

$0.71$0.78$1.19$1.16

$9.73$8.74

$37.55$32.00

$51.48$52.71

2018 Estimate2019 Projections

Source: USDA, WAOB, World Agriculture Supply & Demand Estimates, Jan. 10, 2020 *Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

U.S. Corn Ending Stocks 1939 – 2019(million metric tons)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

14

21

37

28

33

49

45 43

29

25

21

31

58

44 44

54

57

48

Planted Hectares (1,000s)

Harvested Hectares (1,000s)

Average Yield

MT/Ha

Total Production (1,000 MT)

AL 129 123 9 1,141AR 312 293 11 3,230AZ 36 15 15 218CA 186 24 11 257CO 627 526 8 4,070CT 9 NA NA NADE 75 73 10 738FL 36 22 10 221GA 160 142 10 1,425IA 5,463 5,281 12 65,772ID 156 60 13 772IL 4,249 4,128 11 46,994IN 2,023 1,951 11 20,735KS 2,590 2,436 8 20,380KY 627 587 11 6,238LA 231 221 10 2,289MA 6 NA NA NAMD 206 186 10 1,885ME 12 NA NA NAMI 809 652 9 6,106MN 3,157 2,938 11 32,155MO 1,295 1,210 10 11,797MS 267 251 11 2,746MT 47 24 6 145

Planted Hectares (1,000s)

Harvested Hectares (1,000s)

Average Yield

MT/Ha

Total Production (1,000 MT)

NC 401 376 7 2,628ND 1,416 1,307 9 11,593NE 4,087 3,970 11 45,447NH 5 NA NA NANJ 31 28 10 268NM 59 19 8 158NV 6 NA NA NANY 413 221 10 2,192OH 1,133 1,040 10 10,729OK 150 134 9 1,151OR 32 19 15 290PA 587 429 10 4,128RI 1 NA NA NASC 154 142 7 944SD 1,760 1,582 9 14,431TN 393 368 11 4,100TX 1,012 870 8 7,279UT 34 11 9 95VA 219 154 9 1,393VT 33 NA NA NAWA 69 36 15 543WI 1,538 1,085 11 11,461WV 21 15 10 160WY 38 27 8 210U.S. 36,300 32,975 11 348,512

Source : USDA, NASS, Crop Production 2019 Summary, Jan. 10, 2020

2019 U.S. Corn Production by State

6 7U.S. CORN PRODUCTION


U.S. Average Corn Yield 1939 – 2019(metric ton/hectare)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

‘19‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

1.9 2.4 3.

3

5.4 6.

9 7.3

8.4

10.4

9.6

9.3

7.7

9.9 10

.8

10.6 11.0

11.1

11.1

10.6


U.S. Corn Hectares Harvested 1939 – 2019(1,000 hectare)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

‘19‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

31,6

90

31,2

04

29,17

4

22,0

85

29,2

99

26,2

17

28,5

25

32,16

9

32,9

60

33,9

89

35,3

55

35,3

90

33,6

44

32,6

78

35,10

6

33,4

69

33,0

79

32,9

75


U.S. Corn Hectares Planted 1939 – 2019(1,000 hectare)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

‘19‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

37,0

85

35,10

2

33,4

85

26,0

07 32,9

39

29,2

68

31,3

17

34,9

58

35,6

90

37,2

05

39,3

72

38,5

93

36,6

63

35,6

12

38,0

42

36,4

89

35,9

65

36,3

00

Source: USDA, WAOB, World Agriculture Supply & Demand Estimate, Jan. 10, 2020*estimated **projected for crop year Sept. 2019-Aug. 2020

U.S. Corn Prices 1939 – 2019 ($/metric ton)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

‘19**‘18*‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

$21.2

9

$48.

71

$41.2

5

$45.

57 $99.

00

$92.

71

$71.5

0 $131

.61 $2

03.5

0

$244

.36

$270

.68

$175

.21

$145

.36

$141

.82

$132

.00

$132

.00

$141

.82

$151

.25

Source: USDA WASDE Jan. 10, 2020 * estimate **projections

U.S. Corn Crop Value 1939 – 2019($ billion)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

‘19**‘18*‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

0.00 3.67

4.01 5.42

19.8

8

17.9

1

17.10

46.6

4 64.5

3 76.6

5

74.16

61.9

4

52.9

6

49.3

4

51.3

0

49.5

7

51.4

8

52.71


U.S. Corn Production 1939 – 2019 (1,000 metric tons)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

500000

‘19‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘99‘89‘79‘69‘59‘49‘39

59,6

04

74,9

94

97,3

53

119,

307 20

1,807

191,7

22

240,

052 333,

247

316,

829

314,

608

273,

766

353,

792

361,8

50

346,

212

385,

586

371,7

40

367,0

57

348,

512

8 9GLOBAL CORN PRODUCTION

World Corn Consumption2019 – 2020*

(million metric tons)

Source: USDA, FAS Grain: World Markets and Trade, Jan. 2020 *Marketing Year October 1, 2019 - September 30, 2020

EU-2782,500

Other258,684Brazil

66,000

U.S.312,308 China

279,000

WORLD TOTAL1,135,192

Vietnam 15,400

Egypt 16,700

Japan 16,100

Argentina 15,000

India 29,000

Mexico 44,500

World Corn Production2019 – 2020*


Source: USDA, FAS Grain: World Markets and Trade, Jan. 2020 *Marketing Year October 1, 2019 - September 30, 2020

EU-2765,000

Other168,283

Brazil101,000

U.S.347,782

China260,770

WORLD TOTAL1,110,835

Russia 14,500

India 29,000

Mexico 25,000

South Africa 14,000

Ukraine 35,500

Argentina 50,000

World Corn Exports/Imports2018 – 2019*

(1,000 metric tons)

Source: USDA, FAS Grain: World Markets and Trade, Jan. 2020 *Marketing Year October 1, 2019- September 30, 2020

U.S. 48,000(27.9%)

Ukraine 30,500(17.7%)

Brazil 39,500(22.9%)

Argentina 33,500(19.4%)

Russia 5,700 (3.3%)

Serbia 2,200 (1.3%)

EU-27 2,400 (1.4%)Paraguay 2,200 (1.3%) Burma 1,400 (0.8%)

Canada 1,300 (0.8%)

South Africa 1,500 (0.9%)

Other 4,055 (2.4%)EXPORTING NATIONS

IMPORTING NATIONS

TOTALEXPORTS/IMPORTS172,255

Other 52,125(31.1%)

Egypt 9,900 (5.9%)China 7,000 (4.2%) Colombia 6,200 (3.7%)

Algeria 4,500 (2.7%)U.S. 1,300 (0.8%)

EU-27 21,100(12.5%)

Mexico 17,500(10.4%)

Japan 16,000(9.5%)

S Korea10,800(6.4%)

Vietnam11,500

(6.9%)

Iran 10,000 (6.0%)

U.S. Corn Exports1999 – 2019


‘19**‘18*‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06‘05‘04‘03‘02'01‘00‘99

62

5349 49 48

40

48 46

54 54

62

47 50 47

39

19

49 44 48

58

45

Source: USDA, WAOB, World Agriculture Supply & Demand Estimate, Jan. 10, 2020 *estimate **projections

U.S. Corn Exports/Leading Markets2016 – 2019


2016 – 17 2017 – 18 2018 – 19Mexico 565 613 621 Japan 496 544 489 Colombia 186 200 174 Korea, South 188 238 130 Canada 27 69 96 Taiwan 106 110 68

2016 – 17 2017 – 18 2018 – 19Peru 120 125 67 Costa Rica 34 33 34 Saudi Arabia 80 62 30 El Salvador 22 20 27 Other 365 490 156 Total 2,188 2,505 1,891

Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook,Jan 2020

10 11CORN CONSUMPTION OVERVIEW

Corn Processed by Segment1999 – 2019


Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 2020 *projection

0

50

100

150

200

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06‘05‘04‘03‘02‘01‘00‘99

FEED & RESIDUAL

CARRY-OUT

FSI

EXPORTS

0

50

100

150

200

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

35 44 49

69

152 16

4

164

154 16

6

168

169 175 180

173

172

Food/Seed/Industrial Usage1989 – 2019


Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 12, 2020 *Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020 Source: USDA, ERS, Feed Outlook, Jan. 10, 2020; ProExporter Network; Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

Corn Usage by Segment 2019(million metric tons)

● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●

Exports53 MMT (13.4%)

Sweeteners9 MMT (2.3%)

High-Fructose Corn Syrup11 MMT (2.8%)

Starch 6 MMT (1.5%)

Beverage/Alcohol4 MMT (1.0%)

Seed1 MMT (1.1%)

FSI173 MMT

Cereal/Other5 MMT (1.4%)

Fuel Ethanol137 MMT (34.7%)

DDGs31 MMT(7.8%)

Feed & Residual138 MMT (34.9%)

TOTAL DISAPPEARANCE364

million bushels

● = 1 MMT

12 13CORN CONSUMPTION FOOD + FEED

Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 2020 *Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

Beverages and Manufacturing Alcohol 1989 – 2019 (million metric tons)

High-Fructose Corn Syrup Usage 1989 – 2019 (million metric tons)


9

12

14 13 13 1313 13 12 12 12 12 12 11 11

0

3

6

9

12

15

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89


Starch Usage 1989 – 2019 (million metric tons)

012345678

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

66 6 66 6 6 66 66

7 7

6 60

1

2

3

4

5

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

3 3 3 3 3 33

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4


Cereal and Food 1989 – 2019(million metric tons)

Sweetener Usage 1989 – 2019 (million metric tons)


0

2

4

6

8

10

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

5

6 6 6

7 77 7

8 8

9 9 9 9 9

Source: ProExporter Network, Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020 *projections

Corn Displaced by DDG/CGF in Domestic Livestock Rations 2009 – 2019 (million metric tons)

28

31 30

27 26

29

26

29 31 31 31

05101520253035

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09

0

1

2

3

4

5

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

3

4

5 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

CORN CONSUMPTION & BIOTECH14 15CORN CONSUMPTION FOOD + FEED

Insect Resistant 1,087Non-Biotech 2,899Herbicide Tolerant 3,261Stacked Traits 28,991

3%Insect

Resistant8%Non-Biotech

9%HerbicideTolerant

80%Stacked Traits

Total 36,238

Biotech Share of U.S. Corn Hectares Planted

2019(1,000 hectare)

Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report June 28, 2019

U.S. Corn Fed by Region

2009 – 2019(million metric tons)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09

NON-CORNBELT

CORNBELT

Corn Fed by Species 2006 – 2019



0

10

20

30

40

50

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06

POULTRY DAIRY OTHERBEEF PORK

U.S. Meat Exports by

Animal Group 1999 – 2019

(1,000 metric tons)

Source: PRX; USDA, WAOB World Agriculture Supply *Calendar Year Estimates and Demand Estimates, Jan. 10, 2020

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06‘05‘04‘0302‘01‘00‘99

POULTRY BEEFPORK

0

30

60

90

120

150

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

8 14 1434

117 12

812

711

8 130

132

133 138 143

137

137

Corn Used for Ethanol and DDG Production

1989 – 2019(million metric tons)

Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 2020*Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

beef poultry pork dairy

Percent of Hectares Planted to Biotech 2017 – 2019

Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report June 28, 2019

Insect Resistant Herbicide Tolerant Stacked Traits All Biotech HybridsYear ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19IL 3 1 1 4 5 4 85 89 88 92 95 93IN 3 2 2 9 7 9 75 77 76 87 86 87IA 5 3 4 9 7 7 80 83 81 93 93 92KS 3 2 1 12 10 12 77 84 82 95 96 95MI 1 2 3 18 11 11 71 72 75 87 85 89MN 2 1 2 10 9 8 82 83 80 94 93 90MO 2 2 2 8 7 7 81 83 82 91 92 91NE 3 3 3 15 9 8 81 84 85 96 96 96ND 5 2 3 25 21 15 67 69 78 93 92 96OH 2 2 2 18 14 11 66 70 76 82 86 89SD 3 2 3 16 15 12 77 79 79 97 96 94TX 5 6 6 11 12 9 77 75 80 95 93 95WI 2 3 3 17 13 14 71 72 72 97 88 89Other 4 4 3 18 15 13 70 71 75 91 90 91Total 3 2 3 13 10 9 77 80 80 92 92 92

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National Corn Growers Associationwww.ncga.com

www.worldofcorn.com

20 F Street NW, Suite 900Washington, DC 20001

(202) 628-7001

632 Cepi DriveChesterfield, MO 63005

(636) 733-9004

Founded in 1957, the National Corn Growers Association represents nearly 40,000 dues-paying corn farmers nationwide and the interests of more than 300,000

growers who contribute through corn checkoff programs in their states. NCGA and its 50 affiliated state organizations work together to sustainably feed and fuel a

growing world by creating and increasing opportunities for corn growers.

For more information, visit www.ncga.com

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